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Den Europeiska Kodexen För Forskningens Integritet REVIDERAD UTGÅVA Den Europeiska Kodexen För Forskningens Integritet Reviderad Utgåva

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Den Europeiska Kodexen För Forskningens Integritet REVIDERAD UTGÅVA Den Europeiska Kodexen För Forskningens Integritet Reviderad Utgåva ALLEA ALL European Academies Den europeiska kodexen för forskningens integritet REVIDERAD UTGÅVA Den europeiska kodexen för forskningens integritet Reviderad utgåva Publicerad i Berlin av ALLEA – All European Academies c/o Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften Jägerstr. 22–23 10117 Berlin, Tyskland [email protected] www.allea.org Layout: Susana Irles Omslagsbild: iStock ©ALLEA – All European Academies, Berlin 2018 Alla rättigheter förbehållna. Spridning, även i utdrag, är tillåten för utbildningsändamål, vetenskapliga ändamål och privat bruk om källan anges. För kommersiellt bruk måste tillstånd sökas hos ALLEA. Disclaimer: Please note that while great care was taken to ensure the accuracy of the present translation of the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity some slight deviation in meaning may be possible. Please refer to the original English-language version of The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity, published by ALLEA in Berlin in 2017, for the precise wording. Acknowledgements: ALLEA would like to thank the European Commission Translational Services for the translation as well as Göran Hermerén and Nils-Eric Sahlin (both: Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities) for an additional review on the precise research integrity language. Innehållsförteckning Inledning 3 1. Principer 4 2. God forskningssed 5 3. Brott mot forskningens integritet 9 Bilaga 1: Viktiga hjälpmedel 12 Bilaga 2: Revideringsförfarande och förteckning över intressenter 14 Bilaga 3: ALLEA:s permanenta arbetsgrupp för vetenskap och etik 16 Inledning • • • orskning är sökande efter förverkligas, och att forskarsamhället kunskap genom systematiskt ska utnyttja den som ett ramverk för studium och tänkande, självreglering. I kodexen beskrivs observationer och experiment. yrkesmässiga, juridiska och etiska FÄven om olika discipliner kan använda ansvarsförhållanden, med insikt om sig av olika metoder drivs de av samma betydelsen av den institutionella miljö motiv, nämligen att öka vår förståelse av där forskningen bedrivs. Kodexen oss själva och den värld vi lever i. ”Den kan därför tillämpas i både offentligt europeiska kodexen för forskningens och privat finansierad forskning, integritet” kan därför användas inom samtidigt som det kan finnas legitima alla vetenskapliga områden och begränsningar när den genomförs. forskningsfält. Tolkningen av de värden och principer Forskning är en verksamhet som som styr forskningen kan påverkas bedrivs vid universitet och högskolor, i av den sociala, politiska och tekniska näringslivet och i andra sammanhang. utvecklingen och av förändringar Forskning omfattar samarbete, direkt i forskningsmiljön. En kodex för eller indirekt, som ofta överskrider forskningens integritet som är sociala, politiska och kulturella gränser. ändamålsenlig för forskarsamhället Forskares verksamhet grundar sig på är därför ett levande dokument frihet att definiera forskningsfrågor som uppdateras regelbundet och utveckla teorier, samla empiriska och ger utrymme för lokala eller bevis och använda lämpliga metoder. nationella skillnader i tillämpningen. Forskning bygger därför på det arbete Forskare, akademier, lärda sällskap, som utförs av hela forskarsamhället forskningsfinansiärer, offentliga och och utvecklas i bästa fall utan påverkan privata forskningsorganisationer, från uppdragsgivare och ideologiska, förlag och andra relevanta organ har ekonomiska eller politiska intressen. ett särskilt ansvar att följa och främja Ett grundläggande ansvar för kodexen för forskningens integritet och forskarsamhället är att formulera de principer den bygger på. principer för forskning, definiera kriterier för lämpligt beteende inom forskning, maximera forskningens kvalitet och tillförlitlighet och på lämpligt sätt bemöta hot eller brott mot kraven på forskningens integritet. Huvudsyftet med denna kodex är att den ska bidra till att detta 3 1. Principer • • • God forskningssed baseras på grundläggande principer för integritet i forskning. Principerna ger forskarna vägledning i deras arbete och i hanteringen av de praktiska, etiska och intellektuella problem som är förenade med forskning. Principerna är följande: • Tillförlitlighet i fråga om att säkerställa forskningens kvalitet, vilket avspeglas i design, metod, analys och utnyttjande av resurser. • Ärlighet i fråga om att utveckla, genomföra, granska samt rapportera och informera om forskning på ett öppet, rättvist, fullständigt och objektivt sätt. • Respekt för kolleger, forskningsdeltagare, samhälle, ekosystem, kulturarv och miljö. • Ansvarighet för forskningen från idé till publicering, för ledning och organisation, för utbildning, tillsyn och mentorskap samt för dess vidare konsekvenser. 4 2. God forskningssed • • • Vi beskriver god forskningssed i följande • Forskningsinstitut och forsknings- sammanhang: organisationer stöder en lämplig infrastruktur för hantering och skydd av • Forskningsmiljö data och forskningsmaterial oavsett form (som innefattar kvalitativa och kvantitativa • Utbildning, handledning data, protokoll, metoderbeskrivningar, och mentorskap forskningsartefakter och relaterade metadata) som behövs för • Genomförande av forskning reproducerbarhet, spårbarhet och ansvarighet. • Skyddsåtgärder • Forskningsinstitut och forsknings- • Data- och kontraktshantering organisationer premierar öppna och reproducerbara förfaranden vid • Samarbete anställning och befordran av forskare. • Publicering och spridning 2.2 Utbildning, handledning av forskningsresultat och mentorskap • Granskning, utvärdering • Forskningsinstitut och forsknings- och redaktörskap organisationer säkerställer att forskare ges noggrann utbildning i forskningsdesign, 2.1 Forskningsmiljö metodologi och analys. • Forskningsinstitut och forsknings- • Forskningsinstitut och forsknings- organisationer främjar medvetenhet organisationer utvecklar lämplig om kraven på integritet i forskning och och adekvat utbildning i etik och säkerställer att det råder en kultur av forskningsintegritet för att säkerställa integritet inom forskningen. att alla som berörs känner till relevanta kodexar och bestämmelser. • Forskningsinstitut och forsknings- organisationer visar ledarskap genom att • Forskare erbjuds och genomgår under tillhandahålla tydliga handlingsprogram hela sin karriär utbildning i etik och och principer för god forskningssed och forskningsintegritet. genom att hantera brott mot den på ett öppet och lämpligt sätt. • Erfarna forskare, forskningsledare och 5 handledare fungerar som mentorer för samhällets, medarbetares och andra berördas medlemmarna i sina grupper, och ger hälsa, säkerhet och välbefinnande. dem särskild vägledning och utbildning så att de på lämpligt sätt ska kunna • Forskningsprotokoll tar hänsyn till och utveckla, utforma och strukturera sin är observanta på relevanta skillnader i ålder, forskningsverksamhet, och för att främja kön, kultur, religion, etniskt ursprung och en kultur av integritet i forskningen. samhällsklass. 2.3 Genomförande av forskning • Forskare känner igen och hanterar potentiella skadeverkningar och risker som • Forskarna tar hänsyn till de senaste rönen kan uppstå i samband med deras forskning. när de utvecklar sina forskningsidéer. 2.5 Data- och kontraktshantering • Forskarna utformar, utför, analyserar och dokumenterar forskningen på ett noggrant • Forskare, forskningsinstitut och forsknings- och väl övertänkt sätt. organen ser till att alla uppgifter och allt forskningsmaterial förvaltas och bevaras på • Forskarna använder forskningsmedel på ett lämpligt sätt under en rimlig tid. Det gäller korrekt och ansvarsfullt sätt. även opublicerade uppgifter och material. • Forskarna publicerar sina resultat och • Forskare, forskningsinstitut och forsknings- tolkningar på ett öppet, ärligt, transparent och organisationer ser till att tillgången till data är korrekt sätt, och respekterar konfidentialitet så öppen som möjligt och så begränsad som rörande uppgifter och resultat när det finns nödvändigt, och när så är tillämpligt i enlighet legitima krav på detta. med FAIR principerna för datahantering (det vill säga att uppgifterna ska vara sökbara, • Forskarna rapporterar sina resultat på ett sätt tillgängliga, kompatibla och återanvändbara). som överensstämmer med den standard som gäller för vetenskapsfältet och som i tillämpliga • Forskare, forskningsinstitut och forsknings- fall kan verifieras och reproduceras. organisationer redovisar öppet hur man kan få tillgång till och använda deras uppgifter och 2.4 Skyddsåtgärder forskningsmaterial. • Forskarna följer de regler och föreskrifter • Forskare, forskningsinstitut och forsknings- som gäller inom deras vetenskapsfält. organisationer betraktar funna data som ett legitimt resultat av forskningen som får citeras • Forskarna hanterar föremålen för forskning av andra. med respekt och omsorg och i enlighet med rättsliga och etiska föreskrifter, oavsett om • Forskare, forskningsinstitut och forsknings- de är människor eller djur eller av kulturell, organisationer ser till att avtal biologisk, miljömässig eller fysisk art. och överenskommelser som avser forskningsresultat föreskriver rimliga • Forskarna hyser vederbörlig respekt för och rättvisa villkor för uppgifternas 6 användning, ägarskap och/eller skydd enligt annat överenskommits, och är ärliga i sin immaterialrättsliga bestämmelser. kommunikation med allmänheten och i traditionella och sociala medier. 2.6 Samarbete • Alla parter i forskningssamarbeten tar • Författarna redovisar viktiga arbeten och ansvar för integriteten i forskningen. intellektuella
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