Commission on Macroeconomics and Health Commission Members Biographical Sketches

Isher Judge Ahluwalia Eduardo Aninat Isher Judge Ahluwalia is Director and Chief Executive, In- Eduardo Aninat is the Deputy Managing Director of the dian Council for Research on International Economic Re- International Monetary Fund (IMF). Dr. Aninat was previ- lations (ICRIER), New Delhi. A graduate of the Delhi ously the Finance Minister of Chile. He served as the Chair- School of Economics and the Massachusetts Institute of man of the Board of Governors of the IMF and the World Technology, Dr. Ahluwalia has spent the last 15 years writ- Bank in 1995–1996 and, for 3 years, as a member of the ing books as well as articles in professional journals on the Development Committee of the World Bank and the IMF, Indian economy. Her book, Industrial Growth in India: representing Chile, , Bolivia, Peru, Uruguay, and Stagnation Since the Mid-Sixties (Oxford University Press, Paraguay. Dr. Aninat previously served in a range of eco- 1985), received the Batheja Memorial Award for the best nomic positions in the Chilean Government, including Chief book on the Indian economy in 1987. Recently, Dr. Senior Negotiator for the bilateral Canada-Chile trade Ahluwalia co-edited the volume India’s Economic Reforms agreement, and Chief Debt Negotiator and Senior Advisor and Development: Essays for Manmohan Singh (Oxford of the Central Bank of Chile and the Ministry of Finance. University Press, 1998) with Prof. I.M.D. Little of Oxford He has acted as a consultant for such international institu- University. tions as the World Bank and the Inter-American Develop- Dr. Ahluwalia has held several important nonexecutive ment Bank, and as an advisor to a number of governments positions on the boards of governors of public sector enter- on matters ranging from tax policy to debt restructuring. prises, research institutions, and financial institutions. He was also a member of the Board of Directors of the Among her important assignments at present are Non Ex- Institute of the Americas and a contributing editor to its ecutive Director on the Board of Steel Authority of India official magazine. Dr. Aninat currently serves as the Presi- Ltd. (SAIL); Member, Governing Body, National Institute dent of the Social Equity Forum (SEF). He has taught Pub- of Public Finance & Policy (NIPFP); and Member, Govern- lic Finance and Economic Development at the Pontificia ing Body, Institute of Economic Growth. Dr. Ahluwalia is Universidad Católica de Chile and was an Assistant Pro- a member of the Planning Board of Punjab and of the Ad- fessor of Economics at Boston University. He has an M.A. visory Committees to the Chief Ministers of Andhra and Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University. Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Chattisgarh. Daniel Cohen K. Y. Amoako Daniel Cohen is Professor of Economics, Université de Paris Since 1995, K. Y. Amoako has been Executive Secretary of (Panthéon-Sorbonne) and Ecole normale supérieure, Paris. the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), the regional He is also a member of the Council of Economic Analysis arm of the United Nations in Africa, at the rank of Under- of the French Prime Minister, and an op-ed columnist to Secretary-General of the United Nations. Prior to his work the journal Le Monde . Professor Cohen was a distinguished with the ECA, he served in the World Bank for several years, fellow of the Association Française de Sciences Economiques most recently in senior positions including Director of the in 1987, and was appointed “Economist of the Year” in Education and Social Policy Department with responsibil- 1997 by Le Nouvel Economiste. From 1991 to 1998, he ity for providing strategic leadership for the Bank’s pro- was the co-director of the International Macroeconomics grams on poverty reduction and human resource develop- Programme at the Center for Economic Policy Research ment (1993–1995); Division Chief of the Human Resources (CEPR). Professor Cohen also served as a consultant to the Operations Division for Brazil, Venezuela and Peru (1990– World Bank from 1984 to 1997. He has served as an advi- 1992); and Division Chief for Country Operations for six sor to the Bolivian Government (along with Jeffrey D. countries in eastern Africa (1985–1990). K.Y. Amoako re- Sachs), and was a Visiting Scholar at Harvard University ceived his B.A. (Hons) with a concentration in Economics from 1981 to 1982. He has published several books, in- from the University of Ghana in Legon, and his M.A. and cluding Private Lending to Sovereign States, Our Modern Ph.D. degrees in Economics from the University of Califor- Times, and The Wealth of the World and the Poverty of nia at Berkeley. Nations, the last of which has been translated into 15 lan- guages. Zephirin Diabre in Economics, from Johns Hopkins University. He has held Zephirin Diabre, a national from Burkina Faso, has been faculty positions at the University of Rochester, Cambridge the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) As- University, and Harvard University. He is currently the sociate Administrator since 1999. Prior to entering the UN, Charles R. Walgreen Distinguished Service Professor of he held several senior public posts in his country, serving as American Institutions in the Graduate School of Business, Advisor to the President of Burkina Faso (1998); President Director of the Center for Population Economics, and a of the national Economic and Social Council (1996–1997); member of the Department of Economics and of the Com- Minister of the Economy, Finance and Planning (1994– mittee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago. He 1996); and Minister of Trade, Industry and Mines (1992– is also co-director of the Program on Cohort Studies at the 1994). Founder of the Burkina Management Association National Bureau of Economic Research. He received the and of the Burkina/France Business Association, Mr. Diabre Nobel Prize in Economics in 1993 (with Douglas C. North). also has experience in the private sector as Director for During his graduate work under Simon Kuznets, he be- Human Resources of the Burkina Brewery Corporation. came interested in combining the study of economics and Mr. Diabre was a Visiting Scholar at the Harvard Institute history to understand long-term technological and institu- for International Development and a Fellow of the tional change. Since the late 1980s, his principal research Weatherhead Center for International Affairs in 1997. has focused on explaining the secular decline in mortality and the changing pattern of aging over the life cycle in the Eduardo A. Doryan United States. The latest findings from this project are sched- Eduardo A. Doryan is Special Representative of the World uled to be published in 2002 in a book entitled The Escape Bank to the United Nations in New York, and was Vice from Hunger and Premature Death 1700-2100: Europe, President of the World Bank, formerly heading the Human America, and the Third World. His other current research Development Network (health, nutrition, population, edu- includes a study of the high-performing Asian economies, cation and social protection). Previously he served as the research into nutrition and longevity, and historical work Deputy Minister for Science and Technology, and, years on the development of the discipline of economics in the later, as Minister for Education in Costa Rica. He has been 20th century. a professor both at the University of Costa Rica and at the Central American Institute for Business Administration Dean T. Jamison (INCAE). He has a Ph.D. in Political Economy and Gov- Dean T. Jamison has been a Professor at the University of ernment from Harvard University. California, Los Angeles, since 1988. He directs UCLA’s Program on Global Health and Education, and teaches both Richard G. A. Feachem International Health Economics and Economics of Educa- Richard G. A. Feachem is the founding Director of the In- tion. Earlier in his career, Jamison spent many years at the stitute for Global Health, a joint initiative of the University World Bank where he was a Senior Economist in the Re- of California, San Francisco and the University of Califor- search Department, Health Project Officer for and nia, Berkeley. He is also Professor of International Health for Gambia, Division Chief for Education Policy, and Divi- at UCSF and UC Berkeley. Previously, Dr. Feachem was sion Chief for Population, Health and Nutrition. In 1992— Director of Health, Nutrition and Population at the World 1993, he temporarily rejoined the World Bank to serve as Bank (1995–1999) and Dean of the London School of lead author for the Bank’s 1993 World Development Re- Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (1989–1995). Dr. Feachem port, Investing in Health. During 1998–2000, Jamison was has also worked at the Universities of New South Wales on partial leave from UCLA to serve as Director, Econom- and Birmingham and the World Health Organization. Dr. ics Advisory Service at the World Health Organization in Feachem has served on many boards and committees. He Geneva. At present, in addition to his UCLA position, currently serves on the Council of Voluntary Service Over- Jamison is a Fellow of the Bill and Melinda Gates Founda- seas, the Health Advisory Committee of the British Coun- tion and a Senior Fellow at the Fogarty International Cen- cil, the Board of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, ter of the US National Institutes of Health. Jamison stud- and the Board on Global Health of the US Institute of ied at Stanford (A.B. in Philosophy; M.S. in Engineering Medicine. He is also the Chair of the Advisory Board of Sciences) and at Harvard (Ph.D. in Economics, under Nobel the Initiative on Public Private Partnerships for Health, and laureate K. J. Arrow). In 1994, he was elected to member- Chair of the Foundation Council of the Global Forum for ship in the Institute of Medicine of the US National Acad- Health Research. Since 1999, Professor Feachem has been emy of Sciences. Editor-in-Chief of the Bulletin of the World Health Orga- nization. Professor Feachem’s interests are in international Takatoshi Kato health and development. He has published extensively in Mr. Takatoshi Kato is currently Adviser to the President, these and other fields. He holds the following degrees: CBE, the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi and also Visiting Professor FREng, BSc, PhD, DSc (Med), FICE, FIWEM, and Hon in Asia-Pacific Studies, Waseda University. He was also FFPHM. Weinberg Visiting Professor, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University for the 1998/1999 school year. Robert William Fogel Mr. Kato was Japan’s G7 Deputy in 1995–1997 as Vice Robert William Fogel received his B.A. from Cornell Uni- Minister of Finance for International Affairs. In his 34 years versity, his M.A. from Columbia University, and his Ph.D., of Japanese Government service, he assumed numerous

2 positions, including Director-General, International Finance Development (OECD) based in Paris. Within OECD, he is, Bureau (1993–1995) and Executive Director at the Asian among other things, responsible for overseeing work on Development Bank (1985–1987). Mr. Kato received his education, employment, and the environment, and for a L.L.B. from Tokyo University and his M.P.A. from major program of work on sustainable development in Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University. which most OECD Directorates are working closely to- gether. Before taking his current appointment in 1998, Dr. Nora Lustig Moe had been Chief Economic Adviser and Deputy Per- Nora Lustig is the President of the Universidad de las manent Secretary at the Norwegian Finance Ministry since Américas-Puebla, Mexico. Previously Dr. Lustig was the 1989. From 1986 to 1989, he was ’s Ambassador Senior Advisor and Chief of the Poverty and Inequality Unit to the OECD. From 1973 to 1986, Dr. Moe served in the at the Inter-American Development Bank. She was a Se- Finance Ministry as Deputy, and then Director General, nior Fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the for the Economic Policy Department following a period in Brookings Institution and was Professor of Economics at the Budget Department. Dr. Moe has written and contrib- El Colegio de Mexico in Mexico City. She was also a Visit- uted to several books and many papers and articles on top- ing Research Scholar at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- ics including macroeconomic policies, employment policies, nology in 1982 and a Visiting Professor at the University the effects of demographics on economic growth to public of California, Berkeley, in 1984. planning and budgeting, the economics of climate change, Nora Lustig was co-director of the World Bank’s World and the relationship between environmental policies and Development Report 2000/2001 “Attacking Poverty.” She employment. He has been on numerous boards, commis- was also co-founder and President of the Latin American sions, and committees in Norway and internationally, in- and Caribbean Economic Association (LACEA) between cluding the Economic Policy Committee of the OECD. Dr. 1998 and 1999, and is currently co-director of the LACEA Moe holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of Network on Inequality, Poverty and Economic Mobility. California at Los Angeles and a Ph.D. in Economics from She is a non-Resident Senior Fellow in the Foreign Policy Stanford University. Studies Program at the Brookings Institution and a Senior Associated Fellow of the Inter-American Dialogue. Dr. Jeffrey D. Sachs Lustig is a member of the Board of the World Institute on Jeffrey D. Sachs is the Director of the Center for Interna- Development Economics Research (WIDER), of the Com- tional Development at Harvard University, the Galen L. mission on Macroeconomics and Health at the World Stone Professor of International Trade at Harvard Univer- Health Organization, and of the Group of Experts at the sity, former Director of the Harvard Institute for Interna- International Labor Office. tional Development, and a Research Associate of the Na- Dr. Lustig has published extensively on development tional Bureau of Economic Research. Dr. Sachs serves as economics, with a particular focus on Latin America. Her an economic advisor to several governments in Latin book entitled Mexico: The Remaking of an Economy re- America, eastern Europe, the Former Soviet Union, Africa, ceived Choice Magazine’s 1994 Outstanding Book Award. and Asia. He was cited in The New York Times Magazine Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Dr. Lustig has also lived as “probably the most important economist in the world” in Mexico and the United States. She received her Ph.D. in and in a Time Magazine issue on 50 promising young lead- Economics from the University of California, Berkeley. ers as “the world’s best-known economist.” Sachs is the recipient of many awards and honors, including member- Anne Mills ship in the Harvard Society of Fellows, the American Acad- Anne Mills is Professor of Health Economics and Policy at emy of Arts and Sciences, and the Fellows of the World the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and Econometric Society. He received Honorary Degrees from Head of the Health Economics and Financing Programme, St. Gallen University in , Lingnan College in which together with its many research partners, has a large , Iona College in New York, and Varna Eco- program of research focused on equity and efficiency of nomic University in Bulgaria. In September 1991, he was health systems in low and middle income countries. She honored with the Frank E. Seidman Award in Political has nearly 30 years of experience in health-economics re- Economy. He has delivered the prestigious Lionel Robbins lated research in low- and middle-income countries, and Memorial Lectures at the London School of Economics, has published widely in the fields of health economics and the John Hicks Lectures at Oxford University, the David policy. Her current research interests are in the organiza- Horowitz Lectures in Tel Aviv, the Frank D. Graham Lec- tion and financing of health systems and the economic tures at Princeton University, and the Tanner Lectures at analysis of disease control activities, especially for malaria. the University of Utah. Dr. Sachs received his B.A., summa She has had extensive involvement in supporting capacity cum laude, from Harvard College in 1976, and his M.A. development in health economics in low- and middle-in- and Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1978 and 1980, re- come countries, and has acted as advisor to many multilat- spectively. He joined the Harvard faculty as an Assistant eral and bilateral agencies. Professor in 1980, and was promoted to Associate Profes- sor in 1982 and Full Professor in 1983. He is currently Thorvald Moe Chair of the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health Thorvald Moe is one of the four Deputy Secretaries-Gen- of the World Health Organization for the years 2000–2001, eral of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and and from September 1999 through March 2000, he served

3 as a member of the International Financial Institutions nomic Advisor. In accepting that position, Tyson became Advisory Commission established by the US Congress. the highest-ranking woman in the Clinton White House. Tyson is the author of Who’s Bashing Whom? Trade Con- Manmohan Singh flicts in High-Technology Industries (Institute for Interna- Manmohan Singh is currently the Leader of Opposition, tional Economics, 1992) and numerous other works on Rajya Sabha (Council of States) Parliament of India. He economic competitiveness. Tyson recently was named one has previously served in many other positions of the Indian of four White House appointees to the National Bipartisan Government, including Finance Minister, Advisor to the Commission on the Future of Medicare. She is a principal Prime Minister of India on Economic Affairs, Secretary, of the Law & Economics Consulting Group and a member Ministry of Finance and Governor of the Reserve Bank of of the boards of directors of Ameritech Corporation, the India, Deputy Chairman of Indian Planning Commission, Council on Foreign Relations, Eastman Kodak Company, and Chief Economic Adviser to India’s Ministry of Finance. the Institute for International Economics, the John D. and Dr. Singh has also received a number of awards, including Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and Morgan Stanley, the Justice K. S. Hegde Foundation Award, the Nikkei Asia Dean Witter, Discover & Co. Before her appointments in Prize for Regional Growth, and the Jawaharlal Nehru Birth Washington DC, Tyson served at UC Berkeley as Research Centenary Award of the Indian Science Congress Associa- Director of the Berkeley Roundtable on the International tion. He garnered the 1993 Euromoney Award for Finance Economy (BRIE) and as Director of the Institute of Inter- Minister of the Year, and twice received the Asiamoney national Studies. Tyson received her B.A. in Economics, Award for Finance Minister of the Year (1993, 1994). Dr. summa cum laude, in 1969 from Smith College in Massa- Singh has been presented with a number of honorary de- chusetts and her Ph.D. in Economics in 1974 from the grees from institutions all over the world. He holds a B.A. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. and M.A. in Economics from Punjab and Cambridge Uni- versities and a D.Phil from the University of Oxford. Harold Varmus Harold Varmus has served as the President and Chief Ex- Supachai Panitchpakdi ecutive Officer of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Cen- Supachai Panitchpakdi is currently the Director-General ter in New York City since January 2000. A former Direc- Designate of the . Dr. Supachai tor of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), in 1989 Dr. was formerly the Deputy Prime-Minister and Minister of Varmus received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medi- Commerce for . He has also held various posi- cine, sharing the award with co-recipient Dr. J. Michael tions in the private sector, such as the President of the Thai Bishop for their work on the genetic basis of cancer. In Military Bank, Chairman of Nava Finance and Securities, 1993, Varmus was named by President Clinton to serve as and Chairman of the Commercial Union. Dr. Supachai re- the Director of the National Institutes of Health, a posi- ceived his Master’s Degree and Ph.D. in Econometrics and tion he held until the end of 1999. In addition to writing Development Planning from Erasmus University in over 300 scientific papers and four books, including an in- Rotterdam, The . In 1973, he was a Visiting troduction to the genetic basis of cancer for a general audi- Fellow to the Department of Econometrics at Cambridge ence, Varmus has been an advisor to the Federal govern- University. ment, pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms, and many academic institutions. He has been a member of the US Laura Tyson National Academy of Sciences since 1984 and of the Insti- Dr. Laura Tyson is the current Dean of the Walter A. Haas tute of Medicine since 1991. Dr. Varmus earned a B.A. in School of Business at the University of California, Berke- English from Amherst College and an M.A. in English from ley, and, in December 2001, will become Dean of the Lon- Harvard University. He is a graduate of Columbia don School of Business. Tyson joined the UC Berkeley fac- University’s College of Physicians and Surgeons and served ulty in 1977 and currently holds the Class of 1939 Chair in on the medical house staff at Columbia-Presbyterian Hos- Economics and Business Administration. She took leave pital. His scientific training occurred first as a Public Health from UC Berkeley in 1993, when President Clinton ap- Service Officer at the NIH, where he studied bacterial gene pointed her chairman of the White House Council of Eco- expression with Dr. Ira Pastan, and then as a post-doctoral nomic Advisors. She was the first woman to hold that post. fellow with Dr. Bishop at the University of California, San In 1995, Tyson succeeded Robert Rubin as National Eco- Francisco.

CMH CONTACTS An electronic version of the Report will go live on www.who.int/cmhreport at Professor Jeffrey D. Sachs Daniela Bagozzi 14:00 GMT, 20 December 2001. CMH Chair Office of the WHO Press Director, Center for International Spokesperson Hard copies of the report can be Development Tel: 41 22 791 4544 obtained from: The World Health Organization Harvard University Mobile: 41 79 475 54 90 Marketing and Disseminiation 79 John F. Kennedy Street E-mail: [email protected] 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland Cambridge, MA 02138 USA Tel: (41-22) 791 2476 Tel. No.: +1-617 495 4112 Fax: (41-22) 791 4857 Email: [email protected] email: [email protected] 4