www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com Word Parts Dictionary www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com Word Parts Dictionary Standard and Reverse Listings of Prefixes, Suffixes, Roots and Combining Forms

by MICHAEL J. SHEEHAN www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com

McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Jefferson, North Carolina, and London Librarwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comy of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Sheehan, Michael, 1939- Word parts dictionary : standard and reverse listings of prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms / by Michael Sheehan. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-7864-0819-7 (library binding : 50# alkaline paper) @ 1. English language — Suffixes and prefixes — Dictionaries. 2. English language — Word formation — Dictionaries. 3. English language — Reverse dictionaries. I. Title. PE1175.S45 2000 423M—dc21 00-37217

British Library cataloguing data are available

©2000 Michael J. Sheehan. All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Manufactured in the United States of America

McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Box 611, Jefferson, North Carolina 28640 www. mcfarlandpub. com To Dona Sheehan, salubrious wife and gift www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com Table of Contents

Preface 1

PARTI Dictionary 3

PART II Finder (Reverse Dictionary) 97

PART III www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comCategories 181

ANIMALS 182 THE BODY 187 COLORS 193 DIMENSIONS 196 DIRECTIONS 197 DIVINATION 197 THE ENVIRONMENT 200 FEAR OR DISLIKE OF ... 205 FOOD 214 LOCATION 216 NEGATIVES 217 NUMBERS 218 THE SENSES 220 SHAPES 222 TIME 226

Vll www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com Preface

This dictionary is based on word parts — those prefixes, suffixes, com¬ bining forms and roots which show up repeatedly to form words — and is meant to be used in conjunction with a standard dictionary and a thesaurus. It can help to retrieve words only dimly remembered, or it can lead to specific new words which otherwise might never have been discovered. And since a single recurrent letter combination often unlocks the partial meaning of dozens of words, it can act as an efficient way to expand one's general vocabulary. The Word Parts Dictionary is divided into three sections. Part I, the standard Dictionary, allows a reader to find the meaning of word parts conveniently arranged in alphabetical order, together with an ex¬ amplewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com. For instance, Part I would reveal that the word part -nov- can mean either "new" (for instance, novelty) or "nine" (for instance, novenary), so the user would then become alert to context clues. This section is particularly useful to the person who has set out to expand his or her vocabulary. It is also a convenient place to consult to find actual examples after using Part II. Generally, one example is provided for each meaning. Part II, the Finder, allows a user to start with a meaning or concept and then find the word parts which express that meaning. It is a reverse dictio¬ nary. For instance, one would learn that the meaning "color" is carried by the word parts chromato-, -chrome, chromo-, -chroous, -pigm-, -tinct-, and -ting-. Armed with that information, a user could then consult his or her memory or turn to the appropriate pages of a standard dictionary to find a variety of words which a thesaurus would not have contained. The alter¬ native to finding such word parts is endless paging through an unabridged dictionary. Part III, Categories, is also a reverse dictionary, but this time with the word parts arranged in clusters of meaning. For example, Part III would en¬ able a reader to find, in one convenient listing, word parts which express many specific colors. Each color would also appear in Part II, of course, but in an isolated, alphabetical fashion. Preface 2

This dictionary focuses on four kinds of word parts. Prefixes (pre): A prefix is a syllable, group of syllables, or word united with or joined to the beginning of another word to alter its meaning or cre¬ ate a new word. For example, re- is a prefix in the word "redevelop." The hy¬ phen at the end of the prefix indicates that it usually starts a word. Suffixes (suf): A suffix is a syllable, group of syllables, or word added at the end of a word or word base to change its meaning, give it grammatical form, or form a new word. For example, -ette is a suffix in the word "kitch¬ enette." The hyphen at the start of the suffix indicates that it normally ends a word. Combining forms (comb): A combining form is a word form that oc¬ curs only in compounds, or in compounds and derivatives, and that can combine with other such forms or with prefixes and suffixes to form a word. For example, cryo- is one of the combining forms in the word "cryogenic," and -genie is the other one. The hyphens indicate that cryo- usually starts the word in which it appears and that -genie usually ends the word in which it appears. Bases (base): A base is a stem or a root, a generally short letter combi¬ nation that conveys a recurrent meaning all by itself without being involved in a compound word. Prefixes and suffixes may be added to it. For example, -diet- is a base in the word "predictable." The two hyphens indicate that it maywww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com appear at any location in a word: front, back, or middle. Thus, we have "dictation," "contradict," and "predictable." PARTI Dictionary

www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com a- • ad- DICTIONARY

a-1 see ad- acet-, aceto-, acetyl- comb acetic; a-2, ab-, abs- pre from; off; away; acetyl; vinegar (acetamid, ace- down (avert, abduct, abscond) tometer, acetylcholine) a-3, an- pre not; without (anoxia, acetabul- base saucer (acetabuli- anandrous) form) -a4 1. suf singular feminine ending acetar- base salad (acetarious) (Roberta); 2. plural ending (phe¬ acheron- base hell; underworld nomena) (acherontical) abdomino- comb abdomen (ab- achlu- base darkness (achluopho- dominocentesis) bia) abiet- base fir (abietic) aci- base needle (acicular) -able 1. suf able to (durable); 2. ca¬ acid- comb sour (acidosis) pable of being (drinkable); 3. wor¬ acinaci- comb scimitar (acinaci- thy of being (lovable); 4. having form) qualities of (comfortable); 5. acini- comb grape (aciniform) tending to (peaceable) -acious suf characterized by; full of ablut- base bathe; wash away (ablu¬ (audacious) tion) acipenser- base sturgeon -ably suf adverb form of -able (acipenserine) (affably)www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com. See -ible -acity suf quality of (tenacity) ac-1 see ad- acou-, acoust- comb hearing; sound -ac2* suf of; pertaining to (cardiac). (acouesthesia, acoustical) See -ic acrid- base grasshopper (acridid) acantho- comb spiny; thorny (acan- aero- 1. comb pointed (acro- thocyte) cephaly); 2. highest (acrospire); 3. acar-, acari-, acarin-, acaro- comb extremity (acroataxia) mite; tick (acarine, acariasis, acromio- comb upper arm; shoulder acarinosis, acarophobia) (acromioclavicular) accipit- base falcon; hawk (accip- actino- 1. comb [zoology] posses¬ itrine) sion of tentacles (actinomorphic); -acea sw/plural for names of animal 2. [physics/chemistry] presence of classes or orders (Cetacea) actinic rays (actinometry); 3. light -aceae sw/plural for names of plant ray (actinotherapy) families or orders (Rosaceae) acu-, acul- comb sharp (acumen, ac¬ -acean,-aceous sw/of the nature of; uleate) like; characterized by; belonging aculei- base spine (aculeiform) to (crustacean, crustaceous) acuti- comb sharp-pointed (acutifo- acer-1 base sharp; needle-like liate) (acerose) -acy suf quality; position; condition acer-2 base maple (aceric) (democracy) acerb- base harsh; bitter (acerbic) ad-1 1. pre motion toward (ad¬ acerv- base heap (acervate) vance); 2. addition to (admit); DICTIONARY -ad • -agogue

3. nearness to (adjoin) NOTE: aer-, aeri-, aero- comb air; gas (aer¬ ad- can change to: a- (ascribe); ac- ate, aeriferous, aerobatics) (acclaim); af- (affirm); ag- (ag¬ aerug- base green-blue; verdegris grade); al- (allege); an- (an¬ (aeruginous) nounce); ap- (approve); ar- (ar¬ aerumn- base toil; trouble (aerum- rive); as- (assent); at- (attrition) nous) -ad2 sw/of or relating to; used to aescul- base horse chestnut (aes- form names of 1. collective nu¬ culin) merals (monad); 2. some poems aestiv- base summer (aestivate) (Iliad); 3. some plants (cycad) aestu- base boil up (exaestuating). -ad3 suf [anatomy]: toward; in the Also estu- (estuosity) direction of (dorsad) aet- base eagle (aetites) -ade 1. suf the act of (blockade); aetheo- base unusual (aetheoga- 2. product of (pomade); 3. partici¬ mous) pant (brigade); 4. drink made aetio- base cause (aetiology). See from (lemonade) etio- adelph- base brother (Philadelphia) aev- base time; age (mediaeval) aden-, adeni-, adeno- comb gland af- see ad- or glands (adenalgia, adeniform, afflat- base breathe on; inspiration adenography) (afflatus) adip-, adipo- comb fat (adipose, Afro- comb African (Afroasiatic) adipocellularwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) ag- see ad- adjut-, adjuv- base help (adjutant, agalma- base image; statue (styla- adjuvant) galmatic) adren-, adreno- comb adrenal gland agap- base love (agape) (adrenalitis, adrenotoxin) agar- base mushroom (agarici- adul- base flattery (adulation) form) adular- base blue (adularescent) agath- base good (agathism) -ae suf plural ending (antennae) agati- comb agate (agatiferous) aed- base yellow fever mosquito -age 1. sw/act; condition; result of (Aedes) (marriage); 2. amount; number of -aede- base genitals (aedeagus). Also (acreage); 3. cost of (postage); aedoe- (aedoeomania) 4. place of (steerage); 5. collection aedi- base temple; shrine; habitat of (peerage); 6. home of (her¬ (aedicule). See edi- mitage); 7. to act (forage) aegr- base illness (aegritude) agglut- base stick to (agglutina¬ aei- base always; ever; continued tion) (aeipathy) agito- comb excited; restless (agi- aeluro- see ailuro- tophasia) -aemia comb blood condition (hy- agmat- base fracture; break (catag- peraemia). See -emia matic) aen- base metallic brown (aene¬ agn- base lamb (agnification) ous) -agnosia comb loss of knowledge -aenio- base brass (aeniolithic) (prosopoagnosia) aequor- base sea; ocean (aequorial) -agogue 1. comb leading; directing agon- • alti- DICTIONARY

(pedagogue); 2. inciting (dema¬ rooster (alectoromachy, alectry- gogue); adj. -agogic (hemagogic) omancy) agon- base contest; struggle (antag¬ -ales suf ending for scientific Latin onist) names of plants (Liliales) agora- comb open space (agorapho¬ aleth- base truth (alethiology) bic) aleuro- base flour (aleuromancy) -agra comb sudden pain; seizure alex-, alexi-, alexo- comb to ward (pelagra) off; keep away (alexiteric, alex- agrest- base rural; field (agrestic) ipyretic, alexocyte) agri- comb field; earth; soil (agricul¬ alg- base cold (algid) ture) alge-, algesi-, -algia, algo-, -algy agrio- base wild; savage (agriolo- comb pain (algetic, algesiometer, gist) neuralgia, algophobia, coxalgy) agro- comb field; earth; soil (agron¬ ali-1 comb wing (aliform) omy) -ali-2 base another; other (alien) agrost- base grass (agrostography) -alim- base nourishment; food (ali¬ -agrypn- base sleeplessness (agryp- mentation) node) -aliph- base unguent; fat (aliphatic) -aholic comb person addicted to or -alis suf ending for scientific Latin obsessed with (workaholic) names (borealis) aichm- base needle (aichmophobia) -allac-, -allag- base exchange; mu¬ aichur- base pointed (aichuropho- tually binding (synallactic, synal- biawww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) lagmatic) ailuro- comb cat (ailurophobia). allant(o)- 1. comb membrane: fetal Also aeluro- (aeluromania) (allanto-chorion); 2. sausage- -aire suf person characterized by or shaped (allantoid) occupied with (legionnaire) -allaxis- base exchange (morphal- aischro- base smut; obscenity (ais- laxis) chrolatria) allelo- comb of one another; recip¬ al-1 see ad- rocal (allelomorph) al-2 comb the (alchemy) alii- base garlic (alliaceous) -al3 1. sw/belonging to; like; of allo- comb variation; reversal; de¬ (theatrical); 2. nouns from adj. parture from normal (allonym) (perennial); 3. act or process of -ally suf to form certain adverbs (acquittal); 4. [chemistry] having (terrifically) aldehydes (chloral) alog(o)- base unreasonable (alo- ala- base wing (alation) gotrophy) alacr- base promptness (alacrity) alopec- base fox (alopecoid); bald¬ alaud- base skylark (alaudine) ness (alopecia) -alb- base white (albino) alphito- base barley (alphitomor- alcelaph- base antelope (al- phous) celaphine) alter- comb another; other (alter¬ alcid- base auk (alcidine) nate) alea- base dice; chance (aleatory) alti-, alto- comb high (altimeter, al¬ alectoro-, alectryo- comb cock; tocumulus) DICTIONARY alumino- • -ancon- alumino- comb aluminum (alumi- ammonio-, ammono- comb con¬ nosilicate) taining ammonia (ammonioferric, alut- base leather (alutaceous) ammonotelic) alv- base belly (alvine) amn- base river (amnicolist) alve- base beehive (alveary) amnes- base forgotten (paramnesia) alveolo- 1. comb connected with amnio- comb amniotic sac; mem¬ alveolus (alveolodental); 2. small brane: fetal (amniocentesis) cavity; socket (alveolopalatal) amorpho- comb shapeless; irregu¬ alyt- base police officer (alytarch) larly shaped (amorphogranular) -am- base love; friendship (amity) -ampel- base vine (ampélopsis) amar- base sour (amarine) amphi-, ampho- comb on both amaranth- base purple (amaran¬ sides; surrounding (amphibology, thine) amphoteric). See ambi- amath- base dust (amathophobia) -ampl- base large (amplifier) amaur- base dim; dark (amaurosis) ampull- base bottle (ampule) amaxo- base automobile (amaxo- amycho- base scratch; irritate phobia) (amyctic) ambag- base oblique; indirect (am¬ amygdalo- comb almond-shaped bagious) (amygdalophenin) ambi-, ambo- comb both; around amyl-, amylo- comb of starch (amy- (ambience, amboceptor). See lamine, amylometer) amphi- an-1 pre not; lacking (anarchy) ambigwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- base uncertain (ambiguity) an-2 see ad- ambly- comb dullness; dimness -an3 1. suf belonging to; of; charac¬ (amblyopia) teristic of (diocesan); 2. born in; ambul- comb walk (somnambulate) living in (American); 3. believing amelo- comb enamel (amelogenesis) in; following (Mohammedan) amensi- base amnesia (amensipho- ana-1 pre up; upon; back; again; bia) anew; throughout (anabolism) ament-1 base insanity (amentia) -ana2 suf plural: collective (Ameri¬ ament-2 base catkin (amentaceous) cana) amic-1 base friend (amicable) anacard- base cashew (anacardia- -amie2 suf amide related (lactamic ceous) acid) anaps- base turtle (anapsid) amido- comb amide radical (amido- anat- base duck (anatine) hydrolases) anathem- base curse (anathema¬ -amine comb having one hydrogen tize) atom (Dramamine) -ance 1. suf the act of (utterance); amino- comb in the ammonia mole¬ 2. quality or state of being (vigi¬ cule replaced by an alkyl or other lance); 3. a thing that (con¬ nonacid radical (aminophenol) veyance); 4. a thing that is (dis¬ amita- base aunt (amitate) sonance); adv. -ancy (constancy) ammino- comb containing ammines ancip- base doubtful; two-edged (ammino-chloride) (ancipitous) ammo- comb sand (ammochryse) -ancon- base elbow (anconitis) ancry- • apeir- DICTIONARY ancry- base anchor (ancryoid) anophel- base mosquito (anophe- ancylo- comb bent; crooked; stiff line) (ancylostomiasis). Also ankylo- ansa- base handle (ansated) (ankyloglossia) anser- base goose (anserine) ancylostom- base hookworm (An- -ant 1. suf performing an act cylostoma) (defiant); 2. person who performs andro-, -andry comb man; male (accountant); 3. impersonal phys¬ (androgenous, polyandry) ical agent (lubricant) -androus 1. comb man; male ante- pre before in time, order, or (polyandrous); 2. BOT: having position (antedate) stamens (diandrous) antero- comb anterior; front (an- -ane suf denoting a hydrocarbon of terolateral) the paraffin series (methane) -anthema comb rash; eruption anemo- comb wind (anemometer) (enanthema) anet- base soothing (anetic) antho- comb of flowers (anthoma- aneth- base dill (anethated) nia) angin- base strangulation; heart at¬ -anthous comb having flowers of a tack (angina) specified kind or number (monan- angio- comb vessel; case; pot (an- thous) giocarp) anthraco- comb coal; carbuncle Anglo- comb English (Anglo- ( anthracomancy ) Irish) anthropo- comb human (anthro¬ anguiwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- base snake (anguiform) pology) anguill- base eel (anguilliform) anti- 1. pre against; hostile (antila- angul- base angle (angularity) bor); 2. operating against (an- angusti- comb narrow (angustifoli- tiballistic); 3. preventing, curing, ate) neutralizing (antitoxin); 4. oppo¬ anhydro- comb anhydride (anhy- site; reverse (antiperistalsis); 5. ri¬ droglucose) valing (antipope) -anim- base spirit; life (animation) antio- comb set against (antiopel- aniso- comb unequal; dissimilar mus) (anisometropia) -antiq- base old; ancient (anti¬ ankylo- comb bent; crooked; stiff quated) (ankylosis). Also ancylo- antlo- base flood (antlophobia) -ann-, -enn- base year (annual, bi¬ antro- comb nearly closed cavity; ennial); yearly (anniversary) antrum (antroscope) annul- comb ring (annular) anu- base circular; ring-shaped (an- ano-1 pre upward; above (anotropia) ulus) ano-2 comb anal; ring-shaped -anus suf scientific word ending (anorectal) (Platanus) anom-, anomo- comb unusual; ir¬ aorto- comb extremity (aortoclasia) regular; abnormal (anomalous, ap- see ad- anomocarpous) apat- base deceit (apatite) anomalo- comb irregular; uneven apeir- base infinite; endless ( anomalogonatous ) (apeirogon) DICTIONARY apert- • -arious apert- base open (apertometer) arch-1 pre main; chief; principal aphe-, -aphia comb sense of touch (archbishop) (aphephobia, dysaphia) -arch2 comb ruler (patriarch) aphro- base foam (Aphrodite) archaeo-, archeo- comb ancient; aphrodisio- base sexual (aphro¬ original (archaeology, Archeozoic) disiac) archi- pre [biology] primitive api- comb bee (apiculture) (archiplasm) -apical, apico- comb apex; tip (peri- -archy comb rule; government apical, apicotomy) (monarchy) apio- base pear (apiocrinite) arci- base arch (arciform) apo- pre off; from; away from; sepa¬ arct- base moth (arctian) ration (apocopate) arcto- comb bear (cynarctomachy) apocris- base to give or receive an¬ arctoid- base raccoon; weasel (arc- swers (apocrisiary) toidean) apolaust- base enjoyment; self-in¬ ard-1, ars- base burn (ardor, arson) dulgence (apolaustic) -ard2, -art su/one who is or does aporet- base doubt (aporetic) too much (drunkard, braggart) apostem- base abscess (apostem- ard-3 base erect; steep; laborious atous) (arduous) appell- base call to; name (appella¬ arde- base heron (ardeid) tion) ardu- base laborious; steep (ardu¬ appet- base craving (appetite) ous) apricatwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- base sunbathing (aprica- aren- comb sand (arenicolous) tion) arenaceo- comb sandy (arenaceo- -aps-, -apt-1 base joining (synapse, argillaceous) synaptic) arene- base spider (areneiform) -apsia comb touch (parapsia) areo-1 comb Mars (areology) apt-2 base ability (aptitude) areo-2 base thin; rare (areometer) aqua-, aque-, aqui- comb water argent-, argenti-, argento- comb (aquatic, aqueduct, aquiclude) silver (argentite, argentiferous, aquil- base eagle (aquiline) argento-cuprous) ar-1 see ad- argillaceo- comb clay (arenaceo- -ar2 1. suf pertaining to (angular); argillaceous) 2. one who (burglar); 3. con¬ argillo- comb clay (argillo-calcare- nected with (collar) ous) arach- base peanut; ground nut argyro- comb silver (argyrophyllus) (arachidic) -aria suf [botany/zoology] used to arachn-, arachno- comb spider; form names of groups and names cobweb (arachnephobia, arachn- of genera (Planaria) odactylia) -arian sw/age; sect; occupation; so¬ -araneo- base spider (araneology) cial belief (Unitarian) arat- base farming; tillage (ara- arid- base dry (aridity) tory) ariet- base ram (arietine) -arbor- base tree (arboretum) -arious suf relating to; connected arcan- base secret (arcane) with (vicarious) -aris • atelia- 10 DICTIONARY -aris suf scientific word ending (Po¬ astac- base lobster (astacian) laris) aster-1 comb star (asteraceous) aristo- comb best (aristotype) -aster2 suf diminution; inferiority; arithm- base number (arithmetic) worthlessness; slight resemblance -arium sw/location; receptacle (so¬ (poetaster) larium) asteroid- base starfish (asteroidean) armo- base shoulder (armomancy) asthen-, astheno- comb weakness arrheno- comb male (arrhenotoky) (asthenopia, asthenobiosis). See - arseno- comb having arsenic (ar- esthenia senopyrite) astra- comb lightning (astraphobia) arterio- comb artery (arteriosclero¬ astragalo- comb anklebone; dice sis) (astragalonavicular, astragalo- arthr-, arthro- comb connected mancy) with a joint (arthrectomy, arthro- astro- comb star; celestial activity dynia) (astronomy) arthropod- base millipede (arthro- at- see ad- podal) -ata suf result of; plural ending arti- comb workmanship (artifact) (stomata) -articul- base joint (multiarticular) atax-, ataxi-, -ataxia, ataxio-, ataxo- artio- comb even number (artio- comb confusion; disorder dactyl) (ataxaphasia, ataxiamnesic, psy- artiodactylwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- base giraffe (artio- chataxia, ataxiophemia, ataxo- dactylous) phobia) arto- comb bread (artophagous) -ate1 v. 1. suf to become (maturate); arundi- base reed (arundiferous) 2. cause to become (invalidate); -ary 1. suf relating to; like (leg¬ 3. form or produce (salivate); endary); 2. thing/person con¬ 4. provide or treat with (refriger¬ nected to (military) ate); 5. put in the form of; form 1 as- see ad- by means of (delineate); 6. to ar¬ 2 as- , asin- base jackass (asinine) range for (orchestrate); 7. to com¬ ascari- comb intestinal worm (as- bine; infuse; treat with (chlorinate) cariasis) -ate2 adj. 1. suf characteristic of asco- comb [botany] sac (ascocarp) (collegiate); 2. having; filledwit h -ase suf that decomposes; names of (passionate); 3. [biology] having enzymes (amylase) or characterized by (caudate) -asis suf condition resembling; dis¬ -ate3 n. l.suf office; function; agent; ease names (psoriasis) official (directorate); 2. person or -asm suf result of an action (or¬ thing that is the object of an ac¬ gasm) tion (legate); 3. [chemistry] a salt asmato- comb song (asmatogra- made from an acid ending in -ic pher) (nitrate) asper- comb rough (asperity) ate-4 base ruinous; reckless impulse aspido- base shield (aspidomancy) (atephobia) assid- base unceasing (assiduity) atelia-, atelo- comb incomplete; un¬ -ast suf one who is (enthusiast) developed (myelatelia, atelocardia) DICTIONARY 11 ather- • -azur- ather- base smelt (atherine) augur- base soothsaying; divination athero- comb deposit: soft materials (augury) (atherogenic) aulo- comb pipe; reed (aulophyte) -athlon, -athon suf event; contest auranti- base orange (aurantia- (pentathlon, walkathon) ceous) -atic suf of the kind of (chromatic) aur(i)-1 comb ear (auricle) -atile suf possibility; quality aur(i)-2, auro- comb gold (aurifer¬ (volatile) ous, aurous) -ation 1. suf the act of (alteration); auricalc- base copper; gold (aurical- 2. condition of being (gratifica¬ ceous) tion); 3. the result of (compila¬ auriculo- comb outer ear; lobe (au- tion) riculo-temporal) -ative suf relating to; tending to -auror- base dawn (aurorean) (correlative) aurora- comb radiant emissions in atlanto- comb [anatomy] pertaining both hemispheres (aurora bore- to the atlas, top vertebra (at- alis) lantoaxial) austro- 1. comb wind: south (aus- atlo- comb of the neck (atloid) tromancy); 2. eastern (Austro- atmo- comb steam; vapor; air (at¬ Hungarian) mosphere) auto- comb self; self-moving (auto¬ -ator su/doer; agent; actor (educa¬ biography) tor) autumn- base fall (autumnal) -atorwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comy suf of the nature of; pertain¬ auxano-, auxeto-, auxo- comb in¬ ing to; produced by (accusatory) crease; growth (auxanogram, aux- atrament- base ink (atramental) etophone, auxochrome) -atresia comb imperforate; lacking auxil- base help; assistance (auxil¬ an opening (colpatresia) iary) atreto- comb imperforate; lacking avar- base greed (avarice) an opening (atretocyst) aven- base oats (avenaceous) atrio- comb cavity, esp. a chamber avern- base hellish (avernal) of the heart (atrioventricular) avia-, avio- 1. comb bird (aviary); atro- comb black (atrorubent) 2. flight (aviator) -atrophia, atrophie 1. comb malnu¬ avid- base eager (avidity) trition (metatrophia); 2. progres¬ av(in)- base grandmother (avitic) sive decline (neuratrophia, myo- aviono- comb flying (avionics) trophic) -avunc- base uncle (avunculate) atto- pre one-quintillionth (at- av(us)- base grandfather (avital) togram) axi-, axio-1, axo- comb related to an atychi- base failure (atychiphobia) axis (axial, axiomesial, axometer) -auchen- base neck (maerauchenia) -axill- base armpit (periaxillary) audac- base boldness (audacity) axin- base ax (axinomancy) 2 audi-, audio- comb hearing (audi¬ axio- comb values (axiology) torium, audiology) azo- comb [chemistry] nitrogen -aug- base grow; increase (aug¬ (azobenzene) ment) -azur- base sky-blue (azureous) baccato- • bi- 12 DICTIONARY B baccato- comb bearing berries (bac- basidio- comb base (basid- cato-tuberculous) iomycetes) bacci- comb berry (baccivor- basil- base king (basilic) ous) -bat- base walk; go; pass (diabatic) baciil-, bacilli-, bacillo- comb rod- batho-, bathy- comb depth; deep shaped bacillus (bacillemia, bacil- (bathometer, bathysphere) liform, bacillotherapy) bato-1 comb height (batophobia) back- 1. comb of the back (back¬ bato-2 comb brambles (batology) ache); 2. behind (backfield); batracho- comb frog; toad (batra- 3. prior (backdate); 4. opposing chophagous) (backlash) batto- comb repetition (battologize) -bacter, bacteri-, bacterio- comb of bdell- base leech (bdellatomy) bacteria (aerobacter, bactéricide, be- 1. pre around (beset); 2. com¬ bacteriology) pletely (besmear); 3. away (be¬ bacul- base rod (baculine) reave); 4- about (bemoan); balaen- base whale (balaenoid) 5. make (besot); 6. furnish with balani-, balano- comb acorn; gland (befriend); 7. cover(ed) with (be¬ (balanitis, balanorrhagia) cloud) balatro- base buffoon (balatropho- beati- base happy; blessed (beati¬ biawww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) tude) balaust- base pomegranate (balaus- -bell- base war (bellicose) tine) -belo- base arrow (beloid) balbut- base stutter; stammer (bal- -belon- base needle; pin; sharp ob¬ butiate) ject (belonoid) ballist- base projectile (ballistic) bene- pre good; well (benefactor) balneo- comb baths; bathing (balne¬ benzo- comb [chemistry] benzine ology) (benzo-phenone) banaus- base mechanical (banausic) benzoxy- comb [chemistry] benzoyl -bar comb atmospheric pressure; group (benzoxyacetanilide) weight (isobar) benzyloxy- comb [chemistry] ben¬ barb- comb beard; tufted (barbate) zyl group (benzyloxyamine) bari-, baro- comb atmospheric beryl- base green (berylline) pressure weight (baritone, baro¬ betul- base birch (betulaceous) graph) bi- 1. pre having two (biangular); bary- comb heavy difficult (bary- 2. on both sides in two ways (bi¬ phonia) lingual); 3. every two (biweekly); basi-, baso- comb [biology] the 4. using two (bilabial); 5. involv¬ base; at or near base (basidigitale, ing two (bipartisan); 6. [botany/ basocellular) zoology] twice; doubly; in pairs -basia comb [medicine] ability to (bipinnate); 7. [chemistry] having walk (abasia) twice as many atoms or chemical basiat- base kiss (basiation) equivalents for a definite weight of DICTIONARY 13 bib- • bronch-

the other constituent of the com¬ borbor- base filthy talk (borborol- pound (sodium bicarbonate); 8. organic compounds having a boro- comb [chemistry] boron combination of two radicals of the (boroflouride) same composition (biphenyl) -bosc- base to feed (hippoboscid) bib- base drink (bibulous) botano- comb plant (botanomancy) biblio- 1. comb of books (bibliogra¬ botaur- base bittern (botaurus) phy); 2. of the Bible (bibliomancy) -bothr- base pitted; grooved (both- bili- comb gall; bile (biligenic) renchyma) -bility suf power to do or be (re¬ -bothro- base pit; mine (bothro- sponsibility) dendron) bin- pre two (binaural) botry(o)- comb grapes (botryose) bio- comb living; life (biography) -botul- base sausage (botulism) -biosis comb way of living (symbio¬ bou-, bu- comb ox; cow (boustro- sis) phedon, bulemia) -bis- pre two; twice (bisferious) -bound 1. comb constrained (snow¬ bland- base flattery (blandishment) bound); 2. going toward (west¬ -blast, -blastic, blasto-, -blasty bound) comb formative; germinal; embry¬ -bov- base cow (bovine) onic; developing (mesoblast, os- brachi-, brachio- comb arm; upper teoblastic, blastoderm) arm (brachialgia, brachiopod) blatt-1 base cockroach (blatta) brachisto- comb short (brachisto- blatt-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com2 base purple (blattean) cephaly) -ble see -able brachy- comb short (brachycardia) blenn-, blenno- comb mucus; slime bract- base leaf (bracteate) (blennadenitis, blennostasis) brady- comb slow; delayed (brad- -blep- base sight (ablepsia) yarthria) blepharo- comb eyelid (blepharo- -branchia, branchio- comb gills tomy) (pulmobranchia, branchiopod) blesi- base stammering (blesilo- brassic- base broccoli; cabbage quent) (brassicacious) -bly see -ably brepho- comb fetus (brephotrophic) -bole comb thrown down/out/in/to¬ brevi- comb brief; little; short (bre- gether/beyond (hyperbole) viloquence) bolet- base fungus; mushrooms brom-, bromo- comb stench (bro- (boletus) midrosis, bromopnea) -bolic, bolo-1, -boly comb thrown bromato- comb food (bromatology) down/out/in/together/beyond bromel- base pineapple (bromelia- (catabolic, bolometer, epiboly) ceous) bolo-2 base ray; radiant energy bromo- comb [chemistry] bromine (bolometer) (bromoderma) -bomb- 1. base bee (bombilation); bronch-, bronchi-, bronchio-, 2. silk; silkworm (bombycinous) broncho- comb the windpipe bon- base good (bonanza) (bronchadenitis, bronchiectasis, borea- base north (boreal) bronchiogenic, bronchoscope) bronto- • calcitr- 14 DICTIONARY bronto- 1. comb thunder (bronto- bulbo- comb bulb; bulbous (bul- graph); 2. [paleontology] huge¬ bospinal) ness (brontosaurus) -bulia comb will (dysbulia) -brotic comb inclined to eat (scole- bullat- base bubble; blister (bullate) cobrotic) -burg, -burgh comb city; town; vil¬ bruch- base caterpillar (bruchus) lage (Vicksburg, Pittsburgh) brum-1 base winter (brumal) -burger comb sandwich made on a brum-2 base foggy (brumous) roll or bun (cheeseburger) brun- base dark brown (brunneous) burs-, burso- comb pouch; purse; brux- base grind (bruxism) sac (bursar, bursopathy) bryo- comb moss (bryophyte) buteo- comb hawk; buzzard (buteo- bu- see bou- nine) bubal- base antelope; buffalo butyro- comb butter (butyrometer) (bubaline) bux- base box-tree (buxiferous) bubo- base groin (bubonocele) by- 1. pre near; close by (bystander); buccin- base trumpet (buccinatory) 2. side (bystreet); 3. secondary bucco- comb cheek (buccolabial) (by-product) bucerat-, bucorac- base hornbill -byon- base plug; stuff (rhinobyon) (Buceratinae, Bucoracinae) -byss- base depth (hyperbyssal) bufo- comb toad (bufotoxin) byssi- comb flax (byssinosis) www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com caball- base horse (caballine) caeno-2 comb new (caenogenesis). cachex- base ill health (cachectic) Also caino- (cainophobia) cachin- base laugh (cachinnate) caes- base blue; gray; green (caesi- caco- comb bad; poor; harsh (caco¬ ous) phony). Also kako- (kakistocracy) -caine comb synthetic alkaloid in cacumin- base tip (cacuminate) anesthetic drugs (novocaine) cad- base fall (cadence) cal-, cale- base heat (decalescence, cadav- base corpse (cadaverous) caleficient) -cade comb procession; parade (mo¬ calam- base reed (calamiform) torcade) calar-, calat- base inserted (inter¬ caduc- base transitory; perishable calary, intercalated) (caducous) calathi- comb cup; basket (calathi- caec- 1. base blind (caecilian); 2. in¬ form) testinal pouch (caeciform) calcaneo- comb heel-bone (calca- caed- see -cide neo-fibular) cael- base heavens (caelometer). See calcareo- comb of lime (calcareosul- celest- furous) caeno-1, ceno-, coeno- comb in -cake- base shoe (discalced) common (Caenozoic, cénobite, calci- comb calcium; lime (calcify) coenobium) calcitr- base kick (recalcitrant) DICTIONARY 15 -calcul- • castella-

-calcul- base count; pebble (calcula¬ vapor; carbon dioxide (acapnia, tor) capnomancy) -cali- base nest; hut (caliology) capri- base goat (capriform) calig- base fog; mist (caliginous) capsuli-, capsulo- comb capsule calli- comb beautiful (calligraphy) (capsuliform, capsulolenticular) callithri- base marmoset (callith- carbo- comb [chemistry] carbon ricid) (carbohydrate) callo- base beautiful (callomania) carbol- base of phenol (carbolize) calo-, calori- comb heat (calorecep- carbon- base charcoal (carbonara) tor, calorimeter) career- base jail (incarcerate) calumn- base slander (calumniate) carcharin- base shark (carcharinid) calv- base bald (calvarium) carcin(o)- comb cancer (carcino- calyc- base cup-shaped (calycan- genesis) themy) cardi-, -cardia, cardio-, -cardium calypto- comb hidden; covered comb heart (cardiagra, tachycar¬ (calyptoblastic) dia, cardiology, myocardium) calyptri- base hood (calyptriform) -carin- base keel; ridge (carinula) -camb- base change; exchange (ex- cario- comb tooth disease; caries cambition) (cariogenic) cameli- base camel (cameline) carni- comb flesh (carnivore) -camp-1 base field(campimeter ) carnoso- comb fleshy (carnoso- -camp-2 base caterpiller (campodei- fibrous) formwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) carot- base stupefying; soporific campan- base bell (campanology) (carotic) -campsis, campto- comb bent -carp, -carpic, carpo-1, -carpous (phallocampsis, camptomelia) comb fruit; seeds (endocarp, en- campylo- comb crooked; bent docarpic, carpophore, monocar- (campylospermous) pous) can-1 base dog (canine) carpho- comb straw; dry (carphol- 2 can- base gray (canescent) ogy) canalic- base groove (canaliculate) carpo-2 comb wrist (carpoptosis) cancell- base barrier; latticed (can- carto- comb map; card; piece of cellate) paper (cartographer). Also charto- cancr- base crab (cancrine) (chartometer) cand- base white (candescent) caryo- comb nucleus (caryopsis). cantho- comb eye: corner of (can- Also karyo- (karyokinesis) thoplasty) cas- base fall (cascade) -cap- base take; hold; receive (re¬ case- base cheese (caseation) capture). Also cep/cip (receptacle, cassidi- base helmet (cassidiform) recipient) cassiter- base tin (cassiterite) capel- base shopkeeper (capeloc- -cast comb transmit (telecast) racy) castan- base brown; chestnut (cas- capilli- comb hair (capilliform) taneous, castanet) -capit- base head (decapitate) castella- base fortification (incastel- -capnia, capno- comb smoke; late) castig- • centri- 16 DICTIONARY

castig- base chasten; reprove (casti¬ cedr- base cedar (cedrine) gate) -cele comb tumor; swelling (cysto- castor- base beaver (castoreum) cele); hernia (perineocele) castr- base camp (castrensian) -celer- base speed (accelerate) casuar- base cassowary (casuarina) celest- base heavens (celestial) cata-, cath- pre down; through; celido- comb spot; surface marking against; completely (catabolism, (celidography) cathartic). Also kata- (katabatic) celio- comb abdomen (celiomyosi- catagelo- base ridicule (catagelo- tis) phobia). Also katagelo- celli- comb cell (celliferous) cataglott- base tongue-kissing cello- comb cellulose (cellophane) (cataglottism) celluli-, cellulo- comb cell; cell wall catagm- base fracture (catagmatic) (celluliferous, cellulo-fibrous) eaten- base chain (catenation) celo-1 1. comb celom (celomate); cathar- base clean; purge; purify 2. hernia (celotomy); 3. abdomen (catharize) (celoscope). Also coelo- (coelo- cathart- base buzzard (cathartine) scope) -cathex- base retention (acathexis) -celo-2 base dry; burnt (celosia) cathis- base sit; seat (cathisma) celsi- base dignity; eminence; lofty catoptro- comb mirror (catoptro- position (celsitude) mantic) Celto- comb Celt; Celtic (Celto- caudo- comb tail (caudo-femoral) Germanic) cauli-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, caulo- comb stem; stalk cen- base meal (cenatory) (caulicolous, caulocarpic) -cene comb geological epoch caum- base heat (caumesthesia) (Miocene) caupon- base tavern; innkeeper ceno-1 comb new; recent (cenogene- (cauponate) sis). Also caeno-, caino-, kaino- -caust- base burn (holocaust) (Caenozoic, Cainozoic, Kainozoic) caut- base heed; carefulness (pre¬ ceno-2 comb in common; common cautionary) (cénobite). Also coeno- (coeno¬ cauter- comb caustic; burning (cau¬ bite) terize) ceno-3 comb empty (cenotaphic). cava- comb hollow (cavate) Also keno- (kenosis) caval- base horse (cavalry) cenoto- comb new (cenotophobia) -cave, cavi-, cavo- base hollow -centered comb focused on (mar¬ (cavate) ket-centered). Also cainoto-, -ce suf multiplicative suffix (twice) kainoto- (cainotophobia, kaino- cebo- comb monkey (cebocephalic) tophobia) cecid- base gall: tumorous plant tis¬ -centesis comb puncture ( amnio - sue (cecidomylan) centesis) ceco- comb intestinal pouch; cecum centi- 1. comb hundred-fold (cen¬ (cecostomy). Also caec- (caeci- tipede); 2. hundredth part (centi¬ form) gram) -ced-, -cess- base move; go; give centri-, centro- comb center (cen¬ way (concede, procession) tripetal, centrobaric) DICTIONARY 17 -centric • chim-

-centric 1. comb having center -chaem- base low (chaemacephalic) (polycentric); 2. focused around chaeti-, chaeto- comb hair; bristle; (ethno-centric) seta (chaetiferous, chaetophorous) -cep-1 base take (receptor). See -cap- chalast- base laxative; relaxant -cep-2 base onion; bulb (cepivorous) (chalastic) cephal-, -cephalic, cephalo-, chalax- base hailstone (chalaxa) -cephalous, -cephaly comb head; chalco- comb copper; brass (chalco- skull (cephalitis, dolichocephalic, cite) cephalopod, brachycephalous, chalyb- base steel (chalybean). See dolichocephaly) iron cephalopod- base squid (cephalo- chamae- comb low-growing; dwarf- podal) like (chamaedorea) -ceptor comb taker; receiver (neuro- chao- 1. base abyss (chaotic); 2. at¬ receptor) mosphere (chaomancy) ceras- base cherry (cerasin) charadr- base sandpiper, snipe, cerato- comb horn; hornlike (cera- plover, woodcock (charadrine) 'tophyllous). Also kerato- (kerato- char it- base love (charity) globus) charto- comb paper; map (charto- cerator- base rhino (ceratorhine) mancy) cerauno- comb thunder (cerauno- chasmo- comb fissure(chasmopho - scope). Also kerauno- (kerauno- bia) scope) cheilo- comb lip (cheiloplasty). See -cercawww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, -cereal, cerco- comb having a chilo- tail (Schistocerca, heterocercal, cheima- comb cold (cheimaphilic) Cercopithecus) cheir(o)- comb hand (macro- cerebri-, cerebro- comb brain cheiria). See chiro- (cerebritis, cerebrospinal) -chela, cheli- comb claw (isochela, -cern- base to sift (excernent) cheliferous) cero- comb wax (cerograph) chelid- base a swallow (chelidonian) cerr- base evergreen oak (cerrial) -chelo(n)-, chelys base turtle (che- cerul- base blue (cerulean) lonian, Lepidochelys) cerumini- comb wax-like secretion chemo- comb chemicals (chemo¬ (ceruminiferous) therapy) ceruss- base white (cerussal) cheno- base goose (chenopod) 1 -cerv- base deer; elk; moose chero- comb happy (cherophobia) 2 (cervine) chero- base hyrax (cherogril) cervico- comb cervical; of the neck cherso- base dry (chersonese) (cervicodorsal) -chezia comb defecation condition cervis- base beer (cervisial) (hematochezia) cespitoso- comb growing in dense chili- comb one thousand (chiliasm) tufts or clumps (cespitoso- chilo- comb lip (chiloplasty) ramose) chilopod- base centipede ( chilo - -cess-, -ced- comb move; go; give podal) way (procession, concede) chim- base transplant; tissues from -cet- base whale (cetology) foreign source (chimera) Chino- • cinque- 18 DICTIONARY

Chino- comb Chinese (Chino-Ti- chromato- comb color; chromatin betan) ( chromatogenous ) -chion- base snow (chionodoxa). -chrome 1. comb color (mono¬ See -chium chrome); 2. chromium (ferro- chiro- comb hand (chiromancy). chrome) Also cheiro- chromo- comb color (chromosome) chirur- base surgeon (chirurgery) chrono- comb time (chronometer) -chium base snow (hedychium). See -chroous comb colored (xantho- -chion- croous) chlamyd- comb cloak; sheath chrys(o)- comb yellow; golden (chlamydeous) (chrysocarpous) chloro- 1. comb green (chlorophyll); chyl-, chyli-, chylo- comb con¬ 2. having chlorine (chloroform) nected with chyle; digestive fluid choano- comb funnel (choanocyte) gastric juice (chylaqueous, chy- chol-, chole-,cholo- comb bile; gall; liferous, chylocyst) anger (cholagogue, cholecyst, chymo- comb partially digested food chololith) (chymotrypsin) chondr-, chondrio-, chondro- -chys-, -chyt- base to pour (synchy- comb cartilage (chondrify, chon- sis, synchytic) driosome, chondroblast) -cib- base food (cibarious) chord-, -chorda comb cord; sinew cica- base scar (cicatrix) (chorditis, (Protochorda). Also cichlo- base thrush (cichlomor- cordwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- (cordotomy) phous) -chorea, choreo- comb involuntary cichor- base chicory (cichoraceous) movement; spasm; dance (labio- ciconi- comb stork (ciconiiform) chorea, choreophrasia) cicur- base tame (cicuration) chori- comb apart; separate (chori- -cid- base fall (incident) petalous) -cidal, -cide, -cidious, -cidism chorio- comb membrane; skin comb killing (homicidal, patricide, (choriocele) parricidious, suicidism) choristo- comb apart; separate cilii-, cilio- comb cilia; hairlike (choristophyllus) process (ciliiferous, cilioretinal) choro- comb region; land (chorol- cimic- base bug (cimicoid) cimol- base chalk; light earth choroid- comb membrane; skinlike (cimolian) (choroideremia) -cine- base ring; girdle (cincture) chrem-, chremat- base wealth; cinchon- base quinine (cincho- money (chrematistic) nism) chreo- comb useful (chreotechnics) cincinn- base curl (cincinnal) chresis- base used for doing (cata- cine- comb movement; movie (cine¬ chresis) matography). Also kine- (kine¬ chresmo- comb oracle (chresmo- scope) mancy) ciner- base ashes (incinerate) chresto- base useful (chresto- -cing- base ring; girdle (cingulate) mathic) cinque- base five (cinquefoil) DICTIONARY 19 -cion • dysm-

-cion suf variation of-tion (suspi¬ ticle); 2. place; means (recep¬ cion) tacle) -cip- base take (recipient). See -cap- deido- see dido- circin- base round (circinate) -deisis comb closure (colpocleisis) circul- base circle (circulate) cleisto- comb shut; closed (cleisto- circum- suf around; about; sur¬ carp) rounding (circumscribe) dem-1 base vine (clematis) cirr(h)i-, cirr(h)o- comb curl; clem-2 base mercy; leniency (clem¬ ringlet; tendril (cirrrigerous, ency) cirrocumulus) depto- comb robber (cleptobiosis). cirso- comb enlarged vein (cirso- See klepto- tomy) derico- comb clerical and cis-1 suf on this side of; near (derico-political) * (cisalpine). See citra- dero- comb chance; lot (clero- -cis2, -cise- base cut; cut off (inci¬ mancy) sion, precise) clido- 1. comb key (clidomancy); ciss- base ivy (cissoid) 2. clavicle (clidomastoid). Also -cisto- base chest; container deido- (cleidomancy) (cistophorous) climac- base stairs; ladder rungs -cit- base arouse (incite) (climacophobia) citra- comb on this side of; near din- base bed (clinoid) (citramontane). See cis- -dinal, -dinate, -dine, -clinic, citrowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- comb citric (citromalic) dino-, -dinous comb sloped; civ- base citizen (civic) bent; directed toward; inclined clad- base leaf (cladode) (anticlinal, proclinate, incline, dado- comb branch (dadophyll) matroclinic, clinodiagonal) -claim, dam- comb say; speak; tell -disis comb proneness; bending (exclaim, exclamation) (pathodisis) dar- base clear (clarified) -clit- base bend; inflect; lean (het- -clasia, -dasis, -clastic comb break eroclital) fracture; fragment (osteodasia, -dithr- 1. base closed; shut (clith- onychoclasis, aclastic) ral); 2. keyhole (clithridiate) dasmato- comb fragment (clasma- -cliv- base slope (proclivity) tocyte) doac- base sewer (cloacal) dathr- base lattice; bars (clathrate) -clonic, -clonus comb spasm; claud- base lame (claudication) twitching (synclonic, myoclonus) daustro- comb closed; shut (claus¬ -dud-, -clus- base closed; shut (ex¬ trophobia) clude, reclusive) -clav- base nail (inclavate) clupe- base herring (clupeoid) clavato- comb studded; knobbed dype- comb like a shield (clavototurbinate) (clypeiform) clavi-1 comb key; collarbone (clavi¬ -clysis comb irrigation (peritoneo- chord) clysis) davi-2 base club (clavicorn) clysm-, clyst- base enema (clysmic, -de 1. suf diminutive spelling (par¬ clysterize) -cnem- • conat- 20 DICTIONARY

-cnem- base leg; tibia (gastro- colaco- base parasite (colacobio- cnemius) sis) cnido- comb nettle; stinging organ colar-, colat- base strain (colarin, (cnidophore) eolation) co-1 1. suf together; with (co-opera¬ -cole, -colent comb [botany] in¬ tion); 2. joint (co-owner); habit; habitat (arboricole, acco¬ 3. equally (coextensive); 4. com¬ lent). See-colous plement of (cosine). NOTE: co- coleo- comb sheath; scabbard (cole- can change to: col- (colleague); orhiza) com-(commingle); con- (con¬ coleopter- base beetle (coleopter¬ vulse); cor- (correlate) ous) -co2 suf trade names (Pepsico) coli-1, colo- comb colon (coliform, cobalti-, cobalto- comb cobalt coloenteritis) (cobalti-cyanide, cobalto-cyanide) coli-2 comb sieve (coliform) -coccal, -coccic, cocco-, -coccoid, - coll-1 base neck; collar (decollate, coccus comb of or like a bac¬ colliform) terium; bacteria names; berry- coll-2 base glue (collenchyma) like; grainlike (staphylococcal, coll-3 base hill (colliculate) staphylococcic, coccobacillus, -colleto- base one who glues or fas¬ staphylococcoid, staphylococcus) tens (colletocystophore) cocci- comb berry (coccigerous) collodio- comb collodion (collodio- coccy-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, coccygo- comb coccyx (coc- chloride) cyalgia, coccygodynia) collut- base mouth wash (collution) cochle(a)- base snail (cochleiform) -colous comb growing in; living cochleari- base spoon (cochleari- among (arenicolous). See -cole form) colp(o)- comb vagina (colpocele) cochlio- comb spiral (cochlio- colubri- comb snake (colubriform) carpous) columb- base dove; pigeon (colum- -coct- base cook; boil (decoction) baceous) -coele comb cavity; chamber (blas- columelli- comb small column tocoele) (columelliform) coeli- comb heaven; sky (coelicolist) column- base pillar (columnifer- coelo- comb hollow (coelodont) ous) coen- base meal (coenaculous) -com- base treatment (gerocomy) coeno- comb in common (coeno¬ -coma, comi-, como- comb having bite). Also ceno- (cénobite) hair or a hairlike structure (Abro- cogit- base know; think (cogitation) coma, comiferous, comophor- -cogn- base know; related by blood ous) (recognize, cognation) comest- base eat up (comestible) coimet- base cemetery (coimetro- comico- comb humorous (comico- phobia). A/so coemet- cynical) coit- base intercourse; coming to¬ comit- base affable; courteous gether (coition) (comity) col-1 See co- conat- base attempt; desire (cona- col-2 base strain; filter (colander) tive) DICTIONARY 21 concavo- • coryn- concavo- comb concave (concavo- coph- base deaf (cophosis) convex) copi- base abundance (copious) concess- base grant; yield (conces¬ copro- comb excrement; filth (co- sion) prolite); obscenity (coprology) conchi- comb shell (conchiferous) coraci-, coraco- 1. comb coracoid concinn- base adjusted; suitable; bone; beaklike (coraco-acromial); harmonious (inconcinnity) 2. crow; raven (coraciiform, cora- -cond- base put together (incondite) comorphic) condyl- comb knob; protuberance coralli- comb coral (corallidomous) (condyloid) corb- base basket (corbula) conger- base pile (congeries) cord- comb cord; sinew (cordo- congru- base come together (con- tomy). Also chord (chorditis) gruency) cordato- comb heart-shaped coni-1, -conia, conio- comb dust; (cordato-ovate) granules (coniosis, fibroconia, cordi- comb heart (cordiform) coniofibrosis). Also konio- (ko- core-1, coreo-, -coria, coro- comb niosis) pupil of the eye (corelysis, coreo- coni-2, cono- comb cone (conifer¬ plasty, isocoria, coroplastic). Also ous, conodont) -koria (leukokoria) conico- comb conical (conico- core-2 base bug (coreopsis) cylindrical) -cori- base leather (coriacious) conist- base dusty place (conistery) cormo- comb trunk; stem (cormo- conjugatowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- comb coupled; paired phyly) (conjugato-palmate) -corn, corni- comb horn (unicorn, connict- base blink (connictation) corniform) conniv- base blink (connivance) corneo- 1. comb with a horny ad¬ connochaet- base gnu (con- mixture (corneo-silicious); nochaetes) 2. cornea of eye (corneoiritis) conoido- comb nearly conical cornic- base little tentacles; anten¬ (conoido-hemispherical) nae (corniculate) consil- base in accord; agreeing cornu- base horn (cornucopia) (consilience) corolli- comb crown; flower garland contig- base adjacent (contiguous) (corolliflorous) contin- base unceasing (continu¬ coroni-, corono- comb crown ous) (coroniform, coronofacial) contorto- comb twisted (contorto- -corp- base body; bulk (incorporate) foliaceous) corrugato- comb wrinkled (corru- contra- pre against; contrary; oppo¬ gato-striate) site (contradiction) cortici-, cortico- comb bark; cortex contre- pre opposite (contrecoup) (corticiform, corticotropin) contum- base insolence; stubborn¬ corv- base crow; magpie, raven ness (contumely) (corvine) convexo- comb rounded; convex corymbi- comb cluster (corymbifer- (convexo-concave) ous) -cop- base beat; strike (syncope) coryn- base rod; club (coryniform) -coryph- • crocodil- 22 DICTIONARY

-coryph- base top; summit -cred- base belief; trust (incredible) (coryphodon) -crem- base burn (incremable) coscino- comb sieve (coscinomancy) cremno- base precipice (cremno- -cosm, cosmo- comb world; uni¬ phobia) verse (macrocosm, cosmotheism) cremo- comb hanging (cremocarp) costi-, costo- comb rib (costiform, cren-1, crenato-, crenulato- comb costotome) notched; scalloped (crenellation, coturn- base quail (coturnine) crenato-serrate, crenulato-den- cotyle-, cotyli-, cotylo- comb cup- tate) shaped; hollow; hipjoint socket cren-2 base fountain; spring (crenic) (cotyledonary, cotyliform, cotylo- creo- comb flesh (creophagous). sacral) Also kreo- (kreophagy) counter- 1. comb opposite; contrary -crep- base shoe (hippocrepian) to (counterclockwise); 2. in retali¬ -crépit- base crack; creak; crackle ation (counterplot); 3. comple¬ (decrepit) mentary (counterpart) -crépus- base twilight (crepuscular) coupho- comb frail; fragile; tender -cresc- base grow; build up (cresci- (coupholite). Also koupho- tive) (koupholite) crescenti- base crescent (crescen- coxo- comb hip (coxodynia) tiform) -cracy comb form of government cretaceo- comb [geology] chalk for¬ (theocracy) mation (cretaceo-tertiary) -craft www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comcomb work; skill; art; practice crev- base crack; rift (crevice) of (woodcraft) cribri- comb sieve (cribriform) cranio- comb skull (craniofacial) cricet- base gerbil; muskrat (cricet- -cranter- base wisdom teeth (syn- ine) cranterian) crico- comb ring; circle (cricothy- crapul- base excessive eating and roid) drinking (crapulence) -crin- base cup; calyx (crinoidal) -crasia 1. comb mixture (spermacra- crini- comb hair (criniferous) sia); 2. loss of control (coprocra- crino-, -crine comb secretion sia). Also -crasy (idiocrasy) (crinogenic, endocrine) -crass- base thickened; condensed crio- comb a ram (criocephalous) (incrassated) -crisp- base curl; wrinkle (incris- crastin- base tomorrow (procrasti¬ pated) nate) crist- base crested (cristate) -crat comb participant in govern¬ crit-1 base judge; decide (criticism); ment (democrat) Also krit- (kritarchy) -crataeg- base hawthorn (crataegin) -crit2 comb separate (hematocrit) crater- base bowl (crateriform) crith- comb barley (crithology) crateri- base crater (crateriform) critico- comb critical and (critico- cratic- base lattice (craticle) historical) -crease comb grow (decrease) croce- base saffron (croceal) crebr- base frequent (crebrous) crocodil- base crocodile (crocodil¬ crebri- comb ridged (crebrisulcate) ian) DICTIONARY 23 cromny- • cyano- cromny- base onion (cromnyo- -culture comb tillage; raising (vini¬ mancy) culture) cross- suf transverse; contrary -culum, -culus suf diminutive (cur¬ (crossroads) riculum, fasciculus) crosso- suf fringed; tasseled cuma- base wave; surf (cuma- (Crossopterygian) phytism) -crot- base beat; strike (catacrotic) -cumb- base lie; recline (recum¬ crotal- base rattlesnake (crotali- bent) form) cumulo- comb heaplike; cumulus cruci- comb cross (cruciferous) and (cumulonimbus) -cruent- base bloody (incruent) cunct- base delay; tardy action cruor- base blood (cruorin) (cunctation) -crur- base leg (crural) cuneo- comb wedge (cuneo- crymo-, cryo- comb cold; freezing scaphoid) (crymophilic, cryogenics) cunic- base hare; rabbit (cunicu- crypto- comb secret; hidden; cov¬ lous) ered (cryptogram) cunicul- base underground (cunic- crystallo- comb crystal (crystallo- ular) genic) cup- base desire (cupidity) cteno- comb comb (ctenobranch) cupreo-, cupri-, cupro-, cuproso- -cub- base lie; recline (incubator) comb copper (cupreo-violaceous, cubi-, cubo- comb cube; dice (cubi- cupriferous, cupromagnesite, contravariantwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, cubo-octahedron) cuproso-ferric) cubito- comb [anatomy] ulna and cupress- base cypress (cupressi- (cubito-carpal) neous) cucul- comb cuckoo; roadrunner cupuli- comb cup (cupuliform) (cuculiform) cur- base health; healing (curative) cuculli- comb hood; cowl (cuculli- curculion- base weevil (curculio- form) nid) cucumi- comb cucumber (cucumi- -cur(r)-, -curs- base run; go (recur¬ form) rent, cursory) cucurbit- base gourd (cucurbitin) curt- base short; abbreviated (cur¬ -cula, -cule, suf diminutive (Auric¬ tail) ula, molecule) curvi- comb curved; bent (curvilin¬ culici- base gnat; mosquito (culici- ear) form) cusp- base point (cuspid) culin- base kitchen (culinary) cuss- base strike; shake (percussion) culmi- comb plant stem; straw (cul- custod- base watchman (custodial) micolous) cuti- comb skin (cutisector) culmin- base peak; top (culmina¬ -cy 1. suf quality; fact of being; tion) state; condition (democracy); 2. culp- base fault; blame (exculpate) position; rank (captaincy) cult- base worship (cultism) -cyam- base bean (hyoscyamine) cultel- base knife (cultellary) cyano- 1. comb dark blue (cyanosis); cultri- comb knife (cultrirostral) 2. cyanide (cyanohydrin) cyathi- • deci- 24 DICTIONARY cyathi-, cyatho- comb cuplike (cy- cyo- comb fetus (cyogenic) athiform, cyatholith) cypho- comb humped; bent; cyber- comb relating to computers crooked (cyphonism). Also (cyberphobia) kypho- (kyphosis) cyclo- comb wheel; circle; cycle cypriani- base lewd; harlot (cypri- (cyclograph) anite) cyclorraph- base fly (cyclor- cyprid- base sexual (cypridopho- raphous) bia) cydostom- base eel (cyclostoma- cyprin- base carp; goldfish; minnow tous) (cyprinid) -cyesis comb pregnancy (polycyesis) cypsel- base swift (cypseline) cygn- base swan (cygnine). Also cyrio- base regular; proper (cyrio- cycn- (cycnean) logic) cylico- base bowl (cylicomancy). cyrto- comb curved; arched (cyr- Also kylixo- tometer) cylindro- comb cylindeV (cylindro- cyst-, -cyst, cysti-, cysto- comb like conical) a bladder; pouch; sac; cyst (cystal- cyma-, cymato-, cymo- comb wave; gia, statocyst, cystiform, cysto- billow (cymagraph, cymatolite, carp) cymoscope) Also kymo- (kymo¬ -cyte, cyto- comb cell (lymphocyte, graph) cytology) cymbi-, cymbo- comb boat (cymbi- -cythemia comb blood cell condi¬ formwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, cymbocephalic) tion (leukocythemia) cyn-, cyno- comb dog (cynanthropy, cynophobia). Also kyno-

D dacn- base bite; kill (Tridacna) dasy- comb hairy or wooly; thick or dacry(o)- comb tear (dacryocystitis) dense (dasyphyllous) dactyl-, dactylo-, -dactylous, dasypod- base armadillo (Dasypo- -dactyly comb finger; toe (dac- did) tyliology, dactylology, tridacty- dasyproct- base agouti (Dasy- lous, brachydactyly) procta) dactylio- comb finger ring (dactyli- dativo- comb dative (dativo-gerun- oglyphic) dial) daedal- base cunning (logodaedaly) de- 1. pre away from; off (detrain); daemono- see demono- 2. down (decline); 3. entirely (de¬ Dano- comb Danish and (Dano- funct); 4. undo; reverse (defrost) Irish) debil- base weakness (debility) dapat- base sumptuous; costly (da- dec(a)- comb ten (decagon) patical) decem- base ten (decemcostate) daphn- base laurel (daphnomancy) deci- comb one-tenth (decimeter) DICTIONARY 25 -decker • dicarbo-

-decker comb having decks or in therm, scleroderma, dermatology, layers (double-decker) xerodermatous, epidermis, der- decresc-- base wane; lessen (decres¬ moneural) cent) des-1 pre missing; deprived of (des- decuss- base divided crosswise; oxydation). See dis- x-shaped (decussate) -des2 suf plural ending (probos- degen- base decline (degenerative) cides) dehydro- comb dehydrogenated desid- base wish; desire (desidera- (dehydrochlorinate) tive) de(i)- base God (deification) desmo- comb bond; band; ligament -deictic comb demonstrating (epi- (desmogen) deictic) desmodont- base bat (desmodon- deipno- comb dinner (deipnopho- tid) bia) deuter(o)-, deuto- comb second; deka- comb ten (dekaliter) secondary (deuterogamy, deuto- delect- base please (delectation) plasm) delinq- base fault (delinquency) dexio- comb on the right side (dexi- delphin- base porpoise; dolphin otropic) (delphine) dextr(o)- 1. comb on the right side delto- comb triangular (deltohe- (dextrocardia); 2. [chemistry] dron) clockwise (dextrorotatory) dement- base insane (dementia) di-1 1. pre twice; double (dichro- demi- www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com1. pre half (demivolt); 2. less ism); 2. having two (diacid) than usual (demigod) di-2 pre away; apart (divest). See -demia comb fatty degeneration dis- (myodemia) dia- 1. pre through; across (diago¬ demo- comb people (democracy) nal); 2. apart; between (diaphony) demono- comb demon (demonol- -diabol- base devil (diabolic) dialy- comb separate; distinct (dial- dendri-, dendro-, -dendron comb ysepalous) tree; treelike (dendriform, den¬ diamido- comb having two atoms of drology, rhododendron) hydrogen replaced by two of the dentato- comb dentate and (den- radical Amidogen NH2 (diamido- tato-serrate) benzene) denti-, dento- comb tooth (denti¬ diaphano- comb transparent (di- form, dentosurgical). Also dont- aphanometer) (pedodontics) diazo- comb having a group of two deoxy- comb oxygen removed (de- nitrogen atoms combined directly oxyhemoglobin) with one hydrocarbon radical deris- base mockery; scorn (deris- (diazoamino) tic) dibromo- comb having two atoms derm-, -derm, derma, -derma, der- of bromine which have replaced mato-, -dermatous, -dermis, two of hydrogen (dibromoalde- dermo- comb skin; covering (der- hyde) mabrasion, endoderm, derma- dicarbo- comb containing two dichloro- • divergenti- 26 DICTIONARY

atoms or equivalents of carbon groups per molecule (dinitroben- (dicarbopyridenic) zene) dichloro- comb two chlorine atoms dino-1 comb terrible; mighty; huge substituting for hydrogen atoms (dinosaur) (dichlorohydrin) dino-2 comb whirling (dinoflagel- dicho- comb in two; split; separately late) (dichotomy) diomed- base albatross (diomedei- dichro- comb two-colored (dichro- dae) matism) dior- base distinction; definition -diet- base say; speak; tell (contra¬ (dioristic) diction) dioscorea- base yam (dioscorea- dictyo- comb net (dictyogen) ceous) dicyano- comb combined with diphy- comb double; bipartite (di- two equivalents of the radical phycercal) cyanogen replacing two of hydro¬ diplo- comb two; double; twin gen, chlorine, etc. (dicyanodi- (diplocephaly) amide) diplopod- base millipede (diplopo- did- base dodo (didine) dal) didact- base teach (didactic) dipso- comb thirst (dipsomania) didelph- base opossum (didelphine) diptero- comb having two wings didym-, didymo- comb relating to (dipterology) the testis (didymalgia) dis- 1. pre away; apart (dismiss); diethenwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.come comb combined with two 2. deprive of (disbar); 3. cause to equivalents of ethene (diethene- be the opposite of (disable); diamine) 4. fail; refuse to (disallow); 5. not dif- pre away; apart (differ). See dis- (dishonest); 6. lack of (disunion) digitato- comb having fingerlike di¬ NOTE: dis- can change to di- visions (digitato-pinnate) (divest) or dif- (differ). See digiti- comb finger; toe (digitigrade) des- digito- comb digitalis; foxglove discip- base follower; learner (disci- (digitoleic acid) pie) dihydro- comb having two atoms of disco- comb disk-shaped (disco- hydrogen in combination (dihy- carp) drobromide) discophor- base jellyfish; leech (dis- diiodo- comb having two atoms of cophoran) iodine replacing two of hydrogen -disso- base double (dissoconch) (diiodomethane) disto- comb remote; farther away dike- comb justice (dikephobia) (distolabial) dilat- base expansion (dilation) disulpho- comb acids derived from diluv- base flood (diluvial) two molecules of sulphurous acid (di)mid- base half (dimidiation) (disulphoanthraquinic) (di)min- base lessen (diminution) diurn- base day (diurnal) dioxy comb having two atoms of diuturn- base lasting; long duration oxygen (dioxybenzene) (diuturnal) dinitro- comb having two nitro divergenti-, divergi- comb diver- DICTIONARY 27 doc- • ebur-

gent (divergentiflorous, divergive- -drome, dromo-, -dromous comb nate) running; moving; racecourse doc- base teach (indoctrinate) (hippodrome, dromomania, dodeca- comb twelve (dodecagon) catadromous) dogmato- comb pertaining to droso- comb dew (drosometer) dogma (dogmatopoeic) drosophyl- base fruitfly (Droso- dolabri- comb ax; cleaver (dolabri- phylidae) form) du- pre two (duplicate) dolero- comb deceptive (dolero- dub- base doubtful (indubitably) phanite) -duc(e), -duct- base lead (induce, dolicho- comb long; narrow conductor) (dolichocephalic) ducen- base two hundred (ducenar- dolio- base barrel (dolioform) ious) -dolor- base pain; sorrow (dolorific) -dulc- base sweet (dulcify) -dom-1 base house; dwelling (do¬ dulo- comb slave (dulocracy). Also mestic) doulo- (doulocracy) -dom2 1. sw/rank of; position of; duo- comb two; double (duograph) domain of (kingdom); 2. state of duodec-, duodecim-, duoden- base being (wisdom); 3. total of all who twelve (duodecuple, duodecimfid, are (officialdom) duodenary) -don- base give (donation). Also - duodeviginti- base eighteen (duo- dor- gift (Dorothy) devigintiangular) -dontwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com comb tooth (orthodontist). duplicato- comb doubly (duplicato- Also dent- (dentifrice) dentate) dora- base fur; hide (doramania) duplici- comb duplex (duplicipennate) -dorm- base sleep (dormitive) dur-, duro- base hard; lasting (en¬ dorsi-, dorso- comb the back durance, durometer) (dorsibranch, dorsoventral) dyna-, dynamo- comb power; double- comb in combination (dou¬ strength; energy (dynameter, dy- ble-breasted) namogeny) draco-, draconi- base dragon (dra- -dynia comb pain (inguinodynia) cocephalum, draconiform) dyo- comb two (Dyophysite) drapeto- comb flee; fugitive dys- pre hard; ill; bad; difficult (drapetomania) (dysentery) drepani- comb sickle (drepaniform) -dyte- base to get or enter driri- base drip (dririmancy) (troglodyte)

e- see ex- -ean 5uf belonging to; like (Euro¬ -ea suf noun ending (cornea) pean) -eae suf plant tribes: plural ending ebon- base black (ebony) (Gramineae) ebur- base ivory (eburnine) ec- • em- 28 DICTIONARY ec- see ex- neer); 2. person who writes (son¬ ecclesiastico- comb of the church or neteer) clergy (ecclesiastico-military) ef- see ex- -echia comb have; retain (synechia) efficac- base effective; competent echidno- comb viper (echidno- (efficacious) toxin) egagro- base wild goat (egagropile) echin- base hedgehog; sea urchin ego- comb self (egomania) (echinate) egress- depart; leave (egressive) echinato-, echino- comb prickly; egro- comb dead (egromancy): cor¬ spiny (echinato-dentate, echino- rupt form of necro- coccus) Egypto- comb Egyptian and echinoderm- base starfish (echino- (Egypto-Arabic) dermatous) eico- comb twenty (eicosapentae- echinulato-, echinuli- comb noic) prickly; spiny (echinulato-striate, eid-, eido- comb shape; form; that echinuliform) which is seen (eidetic, eidoclast) echo- comb repeated sound (echo- eiren- base peace (eirenarchy) lalia) eis- pre into (eisegesis) eco- comb environment (ecosystem) eisoptro- comb mirror (eisoptro- -ecoia comb hearing condition phobia) (dysecoia) -eity suf noun of quality or condi¬ -ectasia, -ectasis comb dilation; ex¬ tion (spontaneity) www.IELTS4U.blogfa.compansion (colpectasia, anectasis) eka- comb one (ekaselenium) ect(o)- comb outside; external ekist- comb settlement; house (ekis- (ectoderm) tics) -ectomy comb surgical operation; -el suf diminutive (satchel) excision; cutting (appendectomy) elao-, elaeo- comb oil (elaolite, ectro- comb congenital absence of a elaeometer) part (ectrodactyly) elaph- base deer; stag (elaphine) 1 ed- base eat (edible) -elasmo- base metal plate (elasmo- 2 -ed suf having; provided with; saurus) characterized by (pileated) elat- base joy (elation) edaph- base floor; ground (edaphic) electro- comb electrical (electro¬ -edema comb swelling (myoedema) magnetic) -edent- 1. base lacking teeth (eden¬ eleo- comb oil (eleoma) tulous); 2. order of New World elephant- base elephant (elaphan- mammals which includes armadil¬ tine) los, sloths, anteaters (edentate) eleuthero- comb freedom (eleu- edi- base building (edifice). Also theromania) aedi- -ella 1. suf diminutive (umbrella); -ee 1. suf recipient (appointee); 2. bacteria genus (salmonella) 2. person (employee); 3. thing elytri- comb wing case (elytriform) (goatee) elytr(o)- comb [medicine] vagina -een suf diminutive (colleen) (eletroplasty) -eer 1. suf person who does (engi¬ em- 1. pre in (embed); 2. cause to be DICTIONARY 29 emberiz- • enter-

(empower); 3. to place (emplace¬ -enchyma1 comb sinuous; wavy ment); 4. to restrict (embrace) (colpenchyma) emberiz- base bunting ( emberizine) -enchyma2 comb infusion (proten- embol-, emboli-, embolo- comb chyma) plug; obstruction; patch; stopper encom- base praise (encomium) (embolism, emboliform, embolo- enerv- base weakness (enervated) lalia) -ency sw/act; fact; quality; degree; embryo- comb fetus (embryogeny) state; result (emergency) -erne suf [linguistics] significant endeca- comb eleven (endecagon). contrastive unit (phoneme) Also hendeca- (hendecasyllabic) -emesis, -emetic, emeto- comb endo- comb inside; within (endo¬ vomiting (hematemesis, anti- cardium) emetic, emetophobia) -ene s uf hydrocarbons (benzene) -emia comb blood condition; blood engraul- base anchovy (Engraulid) disease (leukemia). Also -aemia enigmato- comb obscure; enigmatic (hyperaemia) (enigmatology) emmen- comb monthly; menstrual enisso- comb reproach; criticism (emmeniopathy) (enissophobia) empor- base trade; merchant; mer¬ -enn- base year (biennial). Also chandise (emporetic) -ann- (annual) -empt- base buy; take (exempt) -enne suf feminine ending (comedi¬ emul- base jealous; rivalrous (emu¬ enne) late)www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com ennea- comb nine (enneahedron) emunct- base nose blowing; excre¬ enneacent- base nine hundred (en- tory (emunctory) neacentenary) emydo- comb tortoise (emydo- enneaconta- base ninety (ennea- saurian) contahedral) en-1 1. pre in; within (energy); 2. to enneakaideca- comb nineteen (en- place (entomb); 3. to cause to be neakaidecahedron) in (enshrine); 4. to restrict (encir¬ -enoic sw/unsaturated acid (eicosa- cle) NOTE: en- becomes em- be¬ trienoic) fore B and P: (embed). See eis- enoptro- comb mirror (enoptro- -en2 1. suf plural form (oxen); mancy) 2. cause to be (weaken); 3. cause enosi- base reproach (enosiopho- to have (strengthen); 4. made of bia) (wooden); 5. female (vixen); ensi- comb sword-shaped (ensi- 6. diminutive (kitten) form) enalio- base of the sea (enaliosaur) -ensis suf scientific derivatives of enantio- comb opposite (enantio- place names (carolinensis) pathic) -ent 1. suf having the quality of (in¬ -enarthra- base jointed (enarthrosis) sistent); 2. person who (superin¬ -ence suf action; state; quality (ex¬ tendent); 3. material agent cellence). See -ance (emolient). See -ant encephalo- comb brain (encephalo- enter- pre between; among; mutu¬ cele) ally (entertain). Usually inter- entero- • -esis 30 DICTIONARY entero- comb intestines (enteropa- -erethis- base irritate (erethistic) thy) -ergasia comb interfunctioning of ento- comb within; inner (entophyte) mind and body; work; activity entomo- comb insect (entomoge- (hypoergasia). Also ergasio- nous) (ergasiophobia) entostho- comb from within (en- ergo-, -ergic, -ergy comb work; ac¬ tosthoblast) tivity; result (ergonomics, neur- entre- base in; undertaking (entre- ergic, allergy) peneur) erinac- base hedgehog (erinaceous) eo- pre early time period; dawn erio- base wood; fiber (eriometer) (eolithic) eris- base controversy; strife (eris¬ eoso- comb dawn (eosophobia) tic) -eous sw/having the nature of; like -ern suf direction names (southern) (beauteous) eroso- comb incised; indentated epana- comb repetition (epanas- (erosodentate) trophe) erot- base question (erotesis) -epeiro- base mainland; continent eroto- comb sexual desire (erotoma¬ (epeirogenic) nia) ephem- base lasting for a day err- base wander (errant) (ephemeris) eruci- base caterpillar (eruciform) ephipp- base saddle (ephippium) -ery 1. suf a. place to (brewery); 2. a epi- pre on; upon; up to; over; on place for (nunnery); 3. practice/ www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comthe outside; among; beside; fol¬ act of (robbery); 4. product/goods lowing (epicardium). NOTE: epi- of (pottery); 5. collection of can change to: ep- (epaxial) and (crockery); 6. condition/state of eph- (ephedrine) (slavery) epicid- base pertaining to funeral erysi- comb red; inflamed (erysipe- rites (epicidial) loid) episcop- base bishop (episcopicide) erythro- comb red; erythrocyte episio- comb vulva (episiotomy) (erythrocarpous) epistem- base knowledge (epistem- es- see ex- ology) -es suf plural ending (dishes) equ-zbase horse (equine) -esce sw/incomplete action (incan¬ equi- comb equal (equidistant) desce) equisfct- base horsetail (equiseti- -escence suf something becoming form) (convalescence) -er 1. suf person who (farmer) ; -escent suf starting to be; becoming 2. person living in (New Yorker); (obsolescent) 3. thing or action (double- eschato- base last (eschatology) header); 4. repeatedly (flicker); escul- base food (esculent) 5. comparative degree (cooler) -ese 1. suf of a country (Portu¬ -erel suf pejorative (doggerel) guese); 2. of a language (Chinese); eremo- 1. comb alone; solitary (ere- 3. in the style of (journalese) mophobia); 2. of/in a desert (ere- -esis suf condition; process; action mophyte) (enuresis) DICTIONARY 31 -esmus • -ey

-esmus comb spasm; contraction Europaeo-, Europeo- comb Euro¬ (tenesmus). Also -ismus (vaginis- pean (Europaeo-Siberian, Eu- mus) ropeo-Asiatic) eso- comb inner; within (esotropia) eury- comb [science] broad; wide esophag- base gullet (esophagus). (eurycephalic) Also oesophag- (oesophagalgia) -eus suf scientific name ending (nu¬ -esque 1. suf in the style of (Roman¬ cleus) esque); 2. like (picturesque) eusuch- base alligator (eusuchian) -ess suf female who (princess) even- comb smooth; consistent esse- base being; existence (essen¬ (even-tempered) tial) ever- comb always (ever-abiding) -est suf superlative degree (coolest) ex- 1. pre from; out (expel); 2. be¬ -esthesia-, -esthesio- comb sensa¬ yond (excess); 3. away from; out tion; perception (myesthesia, of (expatriate); 4. thoroughly (ex¬ esthesiogenic) terminate); 5. upward (exalt); estu- base 1. boil (estuant); 2. tide 6. not having (exanimate); 7. for¬ (estuary). Also aestu- mer (ex-husband). NOTE: ex- can esur- base hunger; appetite (esuri¬ change to: e- (eject); ec- (eccen¬ ent) tric); ef- (efferent); es- (escape) -et suf diminutive (rivulet) exa- comb quintillion (exameter) -eth suf ordinal numbers (fiftieth) exanim- base without life (exani¬ ethico- comb ethical and (ethico- mate) politicalwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) excito- comb [anatomy] stimulating ethmo- comb sieve; ethmoid bone (excito-nutrient) (ethmo-turbinal) excub- base watchman (excubation) ethno- comb race; people; culture; -exia See -orexia nation (ethnology) exig- 1. base demanding (exigency); etho- comb character; behavior 2. scanty (exiguous) (ethology) exo- pre without; outside; outer -etic suf adjective ending (pathetic) part (exocardia) etio- comb cause; origin (etiologist). exousia- comb authority (exousias- Also aetio- (aetiology) tic) -ette 1. suf diminutive (dinette); explanato- comb spread out in a 2. female (suffragette); 3. substi¬ plane or flat surface (explanato- tute (leatherette) foliaceous) -etum suf a grove of the plant extero- comb outside (exterocep- specified (pinetum) tive) eu- pre good; well (eulogy) extra-, extro- pre outside; beyond; -eum suf scientific name ending more than; besides (extraordinary, (peritoneum) extrovert) -eur suf one who (voyeur) -ey suf characterized by; inclined to euro- comb east (euroboreal) (gooey) Euro- comb European (Eurodollars) -faba- • -fication 32 DICTIONARY

-faba-, -fabi- base bean (fabaceous, -fee-1 base make; do (effective). See fabiform) fac- -fabr- base make; construct (fabri¬ -fec-2 base filth; dregs (feculent) cation) fedi- base compact; covenant (fed- fabul- base tale (fabulist) ifragous) -fac-, -fee-, -fie- base make; do (fac¬ fel- base cat (feline) tory, efficient, fictitious) felic- base happy (felicify) -facient comb causing to become; femin- base woman (feminization) making (liquefacient) femto- pre one-quadrillionth (fem- facil- base easy (facilitate) tometer) facin- base wicked; vile (facinorous) fenest- base window (fenestrate) facio- comb face (facioplegia) -fer comb one that bears; one that -faga- base beech (fagaceous) produces (aquifer) -falc- base sickle (falciform) -fer- base wild animal (ferine) falco-, falconi- base falcon; kestrel; ferment- base yeast (fermentareous) hawk (falconry) feroc- base bold; fierce (ferocity) fan- base lighthouse; beacon (fanal) -ferous comb bearing; producing; farct- base to stuff; obstruct (infarc¬ yielding (coniferous) tion) ferri-, ferro- comb containing ferric far www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comin- base flour (farinaceous) iron (ferricyanide, ferromagnet- farr-, farrag- base mixed feed ism) grains; spelt (confarreation, far¬ ferul- base rod; stalk (ferulaceous) raginous) ferv- base boil; glow (fervency) fasciculato- comb arranged in a fescinn- base obscene (fescinnine) bundle (fasciculato-glomerate) -fest comb assembly or celebration fascio- comb fibrous tissue; fascia; (songfest) bundle (fasciotomy) festin- base haste; speed (festina- fastid- base disgust (fastidious) tion) fastig- base gabled; pointed; tapered festuc- base stalk; straw (festucine) (fastigate) fet- base stink (fetid) fati- base prophet (fatidic) fibri- comb fiber (fibriform) fatisc- base cleft (fatiscent) fibrilloso- comb fibril-shaped fatu- base foolish (fatuous) (fibrilloso-striate) fauc- base throat (faucal) fibrino- comb fibrin (fibrinogen) faust- base fortune; chance fibro- comb fibrous matter (fibro- (faustity) adipose) fav- base honeycomb (faviform) fibroso- comb fibrous (fibroso- favill- base ashes (favillous) calcareus) favon- base west wind (favonian) -fie comb making; creating (scien¬ favoso- comb honeycombed tific). Seefac- (favoso-dehiscent) -fication comb a making; a creating; febri- comb fever (febrifuge) a causing (calcification) DICTIONARY 33 fici- • foss- fici- base fig (ficiform) -flet- base weep; cry (fletiferous) fict- base made up (fiction) flexuoso- comb winding; bending; -fid-1 base faith; belief (confide) undulating (flexuoso-convex) -fid-2 comb cleft; segment (multifid) -flocc- base wool; tuft (flocculent) figur- base form; shape (disfigura¬ flori-, -florous comb flower;havin g tion) flowers (floriferous, multiflorous) fil-1, fili-, filo- comb threadlike -flu- base flowing (fluent) (filament, filigrain, filoplume) flucti- comb undulation; wave (fluc- fil-2 base child (filial) tifragous) filamento- comb threadlike (fila- flura- base river (fluminal) mento-cribrate) fluo-, fluor-, fluoro- comb fluorine; filari- base worm (filariform) fluorescent (fluophosphate, filic- base fern (filiciform) fluorhydric, fluoroscope) fim-, fimi- comb dung (fimetic, -fluv- base flowing (effluvia) fimicolous) fluvio- comb [geology] river; stream fimbr- comb fringe; border (fimbri- (fluvio-terrestrial) cate) fod- base dig; burrow (fodient) fimbriato- comb fringed with hairs -fold 1. sw/having parts (twofold); ( fimbriato-lacinat e ) 2. larger; more (hundredfold) fimbrilli- comb small fringe foliato- comb leaf-like (foliato-ex- ( fimbrilliferous ) planate) -fin- base end; limit (infinity) folii-, folio-, -folious comb leaf Finnowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- comb Finnish (Finno-Ugric) (foliiferous, foliolar, unifolious) fissi- comb [anatomy] cleft (fissi- follic- base tube; small bag (follicu- dactyl) lar) fissuri- comb fissure (fissuriform) -foot(er) comb so many feet long fistul- base reed; pipe; tube (fistuli- (six-footer) form) for- 1. pre away; apart; off (forgo); flabelli- comb fanlike (flabellifoli- 2. very much (forladen) ate) foramin- base hole (foraminate) flacc- base drooping; weak (flaccid) -fore-, -fort- base strength (enforce¬ -flagel- base whip; lash (flagellifer- ment, fortification) ous) fore- 1. pre before (forecast); flagit- base vicious; wicked (flagi¬ 2. front part of (forehead) tious) -forfic- base scissors (forficulate) -flat- base wind (flatulent) forficul- base earwig (forficulid) flavido- comb yellowish (flavido- -foris- base outside (forisfamiliate) cinerascent) -form 1. suf shaped like (oviform); -flavin comb natural derivatives of 2. having forms (uniform) flavin (riboflavin) -formic- base ant (formication) flavo- 1. comb yellow (flavopur- formo- comb [chemistry] formic purin); 2. flavin (flavoprotein) acid (formo-benzoic) fleb- base weeping; doleful (flebile) -fornic- base arch; vault (fornici- -fleet-, -flex- base bend (inflection, form) flexible) foss- base dig (fossorial) fov- • -fy 34 DICTIONARY fov- base pitted; pockmarked qualities of (masterful); 3. having (foveate) ability to (forgetful); 4. amount -fract- base break (fracture). Also that fills (handful) -frag- and -frang- fulic- base coot (fulicinae) fracto- comb ragged mass of cloud -fulg- base bright; flashing (fulgu¬ (fracto-stratus) rant) -frag- base break (fragmented). Also -fulig- base black; sooty (fuligi- -fract- and -frang- nated) fragar- base strawberry (fragarol) fuligul- base duck (fuliguline) Franco- comb French ( Franco- -fulmin- base lightning; thunder American) (fulmination) -frang- base break (irrefrangible). -fulv- base brown (fulvescent) Also -fract- and -frag- fulv- base yellow-brown; tan (ful¬ frat- base brother (fratricide) vous) -frax- base ash tree (fraxetin) -fum- base smoke (fumigate) -frem- base roar; murmur (fremes- -fun- base rope (funambulist) cent) -fund- base bottom; base (funda¬ frend- base grind; gnash (frendent) mental) frenet- base frenzied (frenetic) -fundi- base sling (fundiform) -frig- base cold (frigorifie) funest- base fatal; deadly; disastrous -fringill- base finch (fringillaceous) (funestous) -frond- base leaf (frondivorous) fungi- comb fungus (fungicide) frontowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- 1. comb frontal bone funi- comb cord; rope; fiber (funi- (fronto-parietal); 2. meteorologi¬ form) cal front (frontogenesis) fur- base angry (furious) fructi-, fructo- comb fruit; fructose -furc- base forked (bifurcation) (fructiferous, fructosuria) -furfur- base bran; dandruff (fur- frug-1 base fruit; fructose (frugivo- furaceous) rous) furt- base theft; stealth (furtive) frug-2 base sparing; thrifty (frugal¬ -fus- base flow; pour; melt (transfu¬ ity) sion) -frument- base grain; cereal; corn fusco- comb dark brown; dusky; (frumentaceous) gloomy (fusco-ferruginous) frust- base fragment; piece (frustu- fusi-, fuso- comb spindle; rod lent) (fusiform, fusobacterium) fruticuloso- comb shrub-like (fru- -fustig- base beat; cudgel (fustiga¬ ticuloso-ramose) tion) -fuc- base seawood (fucivorous) futil- base useless (futility) -fuge comb driving out; driving -fy 1. sw/make; cause to be (deify); away (febrifuge) 2. cause to have; imbue with (dig¬ -ful 1. sw/full of (painful); 2. having nify); 3. become (putrefy) DICTIONARY 35 -gaea • Germano-

-gaea comb earth (Paleogaea) geitono- base neighbor (geitono- galact(o)- comb milk; milky (galac- gamy) tocele) -gel-1 base ice; frost; freeze (regela- -gale1 base weasel (potamogale) tion) -gale-2 base shark (galeod) -gel-2 base laughter (gelastic) -gale-3 base cat (galeanthropy) gelatino- comb gelatin (gelatino- -galea-* base helmet (galeated) albuminous) -gallinac-, -gallinag- base poultry: -gemelli- base twins (gemelli- chicken, grouse, partridge, pheas¬ parous) ant, quail, turkey, woodcock (gal¬ -gemin- base double (geminiflor- linaceous, gallinaginous) ous) Gallo- comb French; Gallic (Gallo¬ gemm-1 base leaf buds (gemmate) phobia) gemm-2 base jewel (gemmiferous) galvano- comb galvanic; electricity -gen 1. comb something that pro¬ (galvanometer) duces; origin (oxygen); 2. some¬ gambog- base yellow (gambogian) thing produced (endogen). Also gameto- comb gamete; union (ga- -genie (endogenic); -genous (en¬ metophore) dogenous); -geny (endogeny) -gammar- base sea crab; lobster -genesis comb origination; creation; (gammarolitewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) formation; evolution (partheno¬ gamo- 1. comb sexually united genesis) (gamogenesis); 2. joined -geneth- base birthday (genethlia- (gamosepalous) con) -gamous, -gamy comb marrying -genetic suf origin (phylogenetic) uniting sexually (polygamous, -genia, genio-, geny-1 comb jaw; polygamy) cheek; chin (microgenia, genio- ganglio- comb nerve cells; swelling; plasty, genyplasty) ganglion (ganglioplexus) genie-, genu- base knee (geniculate, -gano- base bright; shiny (ganoidal) genuflect) garrul- base chatter; magpie, jay genito- comb genital (genitouri¬ (garrulous, garruline) nary) gaso- comb gas (gasohol) geno- comb race; genetic makeup gastero-, -gastria, gastro- comb (genotype) stomach (gasteropod, microgas- -geny2 comb product of (phylogeny) tria, gastroenteritis) geo- comb earth (geocentric) gastropod- base snail (gastropodal) gephyr- base bridge (gephyropho- -gate comb [journalism] concealed bia) scandal (Watergate) ger-1 base hold; manage (gèrent) gato- comb cat (gatophobia) ger-2 base old age (geriatric) gaud- hase joy (gaudiloquence) gerasco- comb aging (gerascophobia) gavi- base gull (Gaviae) Germano- comb German (Ger¬ gavial- base crocodile (gavialoid) manophile) gero- • gonio- 36 DICTIONARY gero-, geronto- comb old; elderly glom- base cluster; ball (glomeru- (gerodontics, gerontology) lus) -gerous comb producing; bearing; glosso- 1. comb of the tongue (glos- carrying (dentigerous) soplegia); 2. the tongue plus (glos- gestat- base carrying; pregnancy sopharyngeal); 3. of words; of lan¬ (gestation) guage (glossology). Also glossia- -geton- base neighbor (potamoge- (macroglossia) ton) -glot, glotto- comb language, com¬ geum-, geumat- base taste (geuma- munication in; languages, knowl¬ phobia, geumatophobia) edge of (polyglot, glottogony) -geusia comb taste (parageusia) gluco- comb glycerin; glycerol; -gibboso- base rounded; humped; glycogen; sugar (glucokinase) convex; protuberant (gibboso- glut- base rump (gluteus) lobate) -glutin- base glue (glutinize) giga- pre billion (gigabyte) glutt- base eat; gulp (glutton) giganto- comb gigantic; large (gi- glycero-, glyco- comb glycerin; glyc¬ gantology) erol; glycogen; sugar (glycerolysis, gilv- base yellow (gilvous) glycogenesis) gingivo- comb gums (gingivoglossi- glycyr- base licorice (glycyrize) tis) -glyph comb carve; engrave (hiero¬ -gingly- base hinge (ginglyform) glyph) glabello- comb space between the -glypha comb [zoology] snakes with eyebrowwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.coms (glabello-occipital) grooved fangs (Opisthoglypha) -glabr- base smooth; bald (glab¬ glypto- comb carve; engrave (glyp- rous) tograph) glacio- comb glacier; ice (glaciolo- gnatho-, -gnathous comb [zoology] gist) jaw (gnathodynamics, prog¬ gladi- comb sword (gladiolus) nathous) gland- 1. base acorn (glandiferous); -gnomy, -gnosia, -gnosis, -gnostic 2. yellow-brown (glandaceous) comb judging; determining; glare- base gravel; sand (glareous) knowledge (physiognomy, dysg- glauco- comb bluish-green; gray; nosia, diagnosis, diagnostic) silvery; opaque (glaucoma) gnoto- comb known (gnotobiote) -glea comb glue; cement (mesoglea) gog-,-gogue see -agogue -gleb- base clod; lump; dirt (gle- -gomph- base bolt; socket; nail bous) (gomphosis) gleno- comb shallow joint-socket -gon, -gonal comb figure with (gleno-humeral) angles (pentagon, polygonal) -glia, glio- comb glue; gluelike gonado- comb gonad; sex gland (go- (neuroglia, glioblastoma) nadopathy) glico- See gluco- -gone, -gonium, gono-, -gony comb -glir- base dormouse (gliriform) reproduction; generation; origin; globi-, globo- comb round; ball- formation (myelogone, sporogo- shaped; spherical (globiferous, riium, gonothecal, cosmogony) globosphaerite) gonio- comb angle (goniometry) DICTIONARY 37 -gracil- • gyroso-

-gracil- base slender; lean (graciles- -grav- base weight heavy; serious cent) (gravimeter) gracul- base jackdaw (graculine) -gravid- base pregnant (multi- grad- base walk; move; go (grada¬ gravida) tion) Greco- comb Greek (Greco-Roman). -grade comb a specified manner of Also Graeco- (Graecophile) walking or moving (plantigrade). -greg- base herd; flock (congrega¬ See -gress- tion) Graeco- comb Greek (Graeco- grem- base bosom; lap (gremial) mania). Also Greco- (Grecophile) -gress- base walk move; go (aggres¬ -grail- base wading bird (gralline) sive). See -grad- grallator- base stork; heron (gralla- -gris- base gray (griseous) torial) -grui- base crane (gruiform) -gram 1. comb written or drawn -grum- base clot (grumous) (telegram); 2. grams: x number of gryll- base cricket; grasshopper (kilograms); 3. gram: fraction of (gryllotalpa) (centigram) gubern- base ruler; guide (guberna¬ -gramen-, -gramin- base grass (gra- torial) menite, graminiferous) gulos- base gluttony; voracity (gu- grand- comb of the generation older losity) than or younger than (grandfather) -gust- base taste; eat (gustatory) grandi- base great; large (grandilo¬ gutti- base drop; gum-yielding quentwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) (guttiferous) grandin- base hail (grandinous) gutturo- comb throat (gutturo- grani- comb grain; corn (granivo- labial) rous) gymno- comb naked; stripped; bare graniti- comb granite (granitiform) ( gymnocarpous ) grano- 1. comb granite: like/of (gra¬ gyn-, gyno- 1. comb woman; female nolithic); 2. granular (grano- (gynarchy); 2. ovary; pistil phyre) (gynophore). Also -gynous (poly- granulo- comb granular (granulo- gynous) and -gyny (monogyny) adipose) gynandro- comb of uncertain sex grao- comb old woman (graocracy) (gynandromorphism) -graph 1. comb that which writes/ gyne-, gyneco-, gyneo- comb draws/describes (telegraph); woman; female (gynephobia, gy- 2. that which is written/ drawn necocracy, gyneolatry) (autograph). Also -grapher -gypso- base chalk (gypsophila) (stenographer); -graphic (tele¬ gyro- 1. comb gyrating (gyroscope); graphic); grapho- (graphology); 2. spiral (gyroidal); 3. gyroscope -graphy (autobiography) (gyrocompass) grapto- comb writing (grapto- gyroso- comb marked with wavy mancy) lines (gyroso-rugose) grat- base thankful (gratitude) -graticul- base gridiron (graticula- tion) habil- • helminth(o)- 38 DICTIONARY

H habil- 1. base ability; equipped (re¬ harmat- base car; chariot (harmat- habilitate); 2. clothing (habili¬ ian) ments) harpax- base robber (harpaxophobia) -habro- base graceful; delicate -hastato-, hasti- comb spear (has- (habroreme) tato-lanceolate; hastiform) -hadro- base thick (hadrosaur) -haur-, -haust- base draw (forth); haema- see hema- drain; suck (exhauriate, haustel- hagi-, hagio- comb saintly; holy lum) (hagiheroical, hagiology) -headed 1. comb having a head halcyon- base kingfisher (halcyo- (clearheaded); 2. having heads nine) (two-headed) -hale base breath; vapor (exhale) heauto- comb of oneself (heauto- -halec- base herring (halecomor- morphism) phic) hebdom- «base week; seven days -halieut- base fishing(halieutics ) (hebdomadal) -halit- base breath; vapor (halitosis) hebe- comb pubescent (hebegynous) halluc- base toe (hallucar) -hebet- base dull; blunt (hebetude) halo- 1. comb of the sea (halo- Hebraico- comb Hebrew (Hebraico- saurian); 2. of salt (halophyte); Hibernian) 3.www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com of halogen (halogenous) hecato-, hecto- comb one hundred -ham- base hook (hamated) (hecatophyllous, hectoliter). Also hama- pre together with; at the hekto- (hektograph) same time; united (hamarchy) hecatonicosa- comb one hundred -hamart- 1. base sin (hamartiol- twenty-four (hecatonicosachoron) ogy); 2. corporal defect (hamar- -heder- base ivy (hederaceous) toma) -hedon- base pleasure (anhedonia) hamat- base barb; hook (hamate) -hedral, -hedron comb geometric hand- comb hand: of/with/by/for figure with x number of surfaces (handcuff) (hexahedral, hexahedron) -hapal- base soft (hapalote) -hedy- base sweet (hedychium) haph- base touch (haphalgesia) hegemon- base leader; chief (hege¬ haplo- comb onefold; single (hap- monic) lodont) -hekisto- base smallest (hekisto- hapt-, hapto-1 comb touch; sensa¬ therm) tion (haptics, haptotaxis) helco- comb festering wound; ulcer -hapto-2 base fasten; combine (hap- (helcoplasty) tophore) helici-, helico- comb spiral-shaped harengi- comb herring (harrengi- (heliciform, helicopter) form) helio- comb sun; bright; radiant hariol- base divination (hariola- (heliocentric) tion). Also see "Divination" in Part helminth(o)- comb [botany] worm III (helminthogogue) DICTIONARY 39 helo- • -hirmo- helo-1 comb nail; spike (helodont) hetaero- base companion; courtesan helo-2 comb marsh (helobious) (hetaerocrasy) helv- base yellow (helvenac) hetero- comb other; another; differ¬ Helvet- base Swiss (Helvetian) ent (heterosexual) hema-, hemato-, hemo- comb blood -heur- base discover; invent (heur¬ (hemachrome, hematogenic, he¬ istic) mophilia). Also haem- (haema- hexa- comb six (hexameter) chrome) hexaconta- comb sixty (hexaconta- hemangio- comb blood vessels (he- hedron) rnangiosarcoma) hexacosi- comb six hundred (hexa- hemer- base day (monohemerous) cosichoron) hemi- pre half (hemicardia) hexadeca-, hexakaideca- comb six¬ hemispherico- comb hemispheric teen (hexadecachoron, hexakai- (hemispherico-conical) decahedron) hendeca- comb eleven (hendecahe- hexakis- comb six times (hexakisoc- dron) tahedron) -heno- base one (henotheism) hexametro- comb hexameter (hexa- heort- base feast day; festival (heor- metromania) tology -hexi- base habit; behavior (hexiol- hepatic-, hepato- comb liver (he- paticostomy, hepatogastric) hibern- base winter (hibernation) hepta- comb seven (heptagon) Hiberno- comb Irish (Hiberno- heptakaidecawww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- comb seventeen Celtic) (heptakaidecahedron) -hidro- base sweat (anhidrosis) -herbi- base plant (herbivorous) hiem- base winter (hiemal) -herco- base wall; barrier (hercog- hieraco- comb hawk (hieraco- amy) sophic) heredo- comb heredity (heredofa- hiero- comb holy; consecrated; milial) sacred (hierophobia) heresio- base heresy (heresiologist) hilasm- base propitiatory (hilasmic) heri- base master (hericide) -himant- base strap; thong (himan- -hermen- base interpretation topus) (hermeneutical) hind- comb rear; following (hind- hernio- comb hernia (herniotomy) brain) herpeto- comb reptile (herpetol- hippo-, -hippus comb horse (hip- °gy) pocrepian, eohippus) -hesper- base west (hesperian) hippocamp- base seahorse (hip- -hesperid- base the orange (hesperi- pocampine) dine) hippocrepi- base horseshoe (hip- -hesson- base less; inferior (hes- pocrepiform) sonite) hippogloss- base halibut (hip- -hestern- base yesterday (hesternal) poglossoid) hestho- base clothing; dress (hes- -hire- base goat (hircine) thogenous) -hirmo- base series; connection hesy- base still; quiet (hesychastic) (hirmologion) hirsuto- • hyloblat- 40 DICTIONARY hirsuto- comb having hair of a cer¬ hoplo- comb weapon; armor (hop- tain color (hirsuto-rufus) lophorous) -hirudin- base leech (hirudinicul- -hord- base barley (hordeaceous) ture) horm- base urge; impel (hormetic) -hirund- base swallow; martin horo- comb hour time; season (hirundine) (horology) Hispano- comb Spanish (Hispano- -hort- base urge; encourage (exhor¬ American) tation) -hispid- base shaggy; hairy (his- -horti- base garden (horticulture) pidulous) hosp- base host (hospitality) histio-, histo- comb tissue (histio- -hum- base ground (exhumation) cytoma, histology) humano- comb human and (hu- historico- comb historical (his- mano-taurine) torico-geographical) -humect- base moist; wet (humec¬ -histrion- base stage-player (histri¬ tant) onically) humero- comb shoulder; upper arm -hodiern- base today (hodiernal) (humero-cubital) hodo- comb way; road (hodograph). hyalo- comb [chemistry] transpar¬ See odo- ent; glassy (hyalophane) -holco- base furrow (holcodont) -hybo- base hump (hybodont) holo- comb complete; entire; whole -hydno- base truffle (hydnocar- (holocaust) pous) hornwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- base humankind (homicide) hydraulico- comb hydraulic (hy- homalo-, homolo- comb even; reg¬ draulico-pneumatical) ular; level; ordinary (homalo- -hydric comb the presence of x graphic, homolographic) number of hydroxyl radicals or re¬ -homar- base lobster (homarine) placeable hydrogen atoms (mono- homeo- comb similar; like (homeo- hydric) morphism) hydro- 1. comb water (hydrometer); homichlo- base cloud; fog; dimness 2. [chemistry] hydrogen (hydro¬ (homichlophobia) cyanic) homil- base sermon (homiletics) hydroxy- comb hydroxyl group (hy- homin- base humankind (homini- droxy-benzene) form) hyeto- comb rain; rainfall (hyeto- homo- comb same; equal (homosex¬ graph) ual) hygeio-, hygien- comb health; hy¬ homoeo-, homoio- comb similar; giene (hygeiolatry, hygienist) like (homoeodont, homoiother- hygro- comb wet; moisture (hy¬ mal) grometer) homolo- comb corresponding; as¬ hylac- base barking (hylactic) senting (homologous). See hylaeo- comb forest (hylaeosaurus) homalo- hyle-, hylo- 1. comb wood (hyle- -hood 1. suf quality; character; phobia, hylophagous); 2. matter state; condition (childhood); 2. (hylozoism) whole group of (brotherhood) hylobat- base gibbon (hylobatine) DICTIONARY 41 hymeno- • -ichno hymeno- comb membrane (hymen- hypocrater- base tray (hypocrateri- ogeny) form) hyo- comb hyoid bone (hyoglossal) hypsi-, hypso- comb high; height hyos- base hog (hyoscyamine) (hypsicephalic, hypsodont) hypegia- base responsibility (hype- hyraci-, hyraco- comb hyrax: rab¬ giaphobia) bit-like quadruped (hyraciform, hypengy- base responsibility (hy- hyracodont) pengyophobia) -hystat- base lowest (hystatite) hyper- 1. pre over; above; excessive hystero-1 1. comb uterus; womb (hypercritical); 2. [chemistry] (hysterodynia); 2. hysteria (hys- maximum (hyperoxide) teroepilepsy) -hypho- base web (hyphomycetes) hystero-2 comb later; inferior (hys- hypno- comb sleep; hypnotism tero-genetic) (hypnophobia) -hystric- base porcupine (hystricia- hypo- 1. pre under; below (hypo¬ sis) dermic); 2. less than (hypotaxis); 3. [chemistry] having a lower state of oxidation (hypophosphorous)

www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comI -i suf plural ending (foci) -ibility, -ible, -ibly suf capable of -ia 1. suf country names (India); (sensibility, sensible, visibly) 2. disease names (pneumonia); -ic 1. sw/having to do with; of (vol¬ 3. festival names (Lupercalia); canic); 2. like; having the nature 4. Gk/Lat. words (militia); of; characteristic of (angelic); 5. plurals >Gk/Lat. (genitalia); 3. produced by; caused by (sym¬ 6. [biology] class names (Rep- phonic); 4. made up of; contain¬ tilia); 7. [botany] some generic ing; consisting of (dactylic); plant names (zinnia); 8. [chem¬ 5. [chemistry] higher valence than istry] alkaloid names (strych¬ is indicated by the suffix -ous nia) (nitric); 6. nouns from adjectives -ial suf of; pertaining to (magister¬ (magic) ial) -ical, -ically suf adjective/adverb -ian/-iana see -an/-ana forms parallel to -ic (angelical, ianth- base violet (ianthine) magically) -iasis 1. comb process; condition; -ice1 suf condition; state; quality of; 2. morbid condition (hypochon- action (malice) driasis) -ice2 suf feminine ending (médi¬ -iatrics, iatro-, -iatry comb medical atrice) treatment (pediatrics, iatrophysi- -ichno comb [paleontology] track; cal, psychiatry) trace; posture; position (ichnol- Ibero- comb Spanish (Iberian) ogy) ichor- • imped- 42 DICTIONARY ichor- comb serous fluid (ichor- -ier s uf person concerned with remia) (glazier) ichthyo- comb fish; fishlike -iferous see -ferous ( ichthyophagous ) -ific see -fie -ician suf practitioner; specialist -ification see -fication (beautician) -iformes suf [zoology] names: hav¬ -icity suf nouns formed from -ic ing the form of (Passeriformes) adjectives (publicity) -ify see -fy icono- comb figure; likeness; image igneo- comb fire (igneo-aqueous) (iconograph) igni- base fire (igniferous) icosa-, icosi- comb [mathematics/ il- see in- botany] twenty (icosahedron, -il, -ile s uf like; having to do with; icositetrahedron: 24) suitable for (civil, docile) -ics 1. sw/art; science (mathemat¬ ilast- base propitiatory (ilastic) ics); 2. activities; practice proper¬ ileo-, ilio- 1. comb of the ileum ties; system (statistics) (ileostomy); 2. ileac plus (ilio- icter-1, ictero- comb yellow; jaun¬ sacral) dice (icteric, icteroanemia) -ilia suf able to be (memorabilia) icter-2 base blackbird; bobolink; ilic- base holly (ilicic) meadowlark; oriole (icterine) -ility suf quality; condition (sensi¬ -id1 1. sw/belonging to; connected bility) with (Aeneid); 2. animal group -ilia suf diminutive (cedilla) namwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.come (arachnid); 3. meteor names -illo suf diminutive (cigarillo) (Perseid) illyngo- base vertigo (illyngopho- -id2 suf filled with (vivid) bia) -ida suf [zoology] order/class names im- see in- (Acarida) -im suf Hebrew plural ending -idae suf [zoology] family names (cherubim) (Felidae) imbri- base rain; rain tile (imbrifer- -idan suf [zoology] of or pertaining ous, imbricated) to (arachnidan) imbricato- com b composed of parts -ide 5uf [chemistry] compound which overlap like tiles (imbri- names (chloride) cato-granulous) ideo- comb idea; creation (ideology) -imido comb NH in acid radicals -ides s uf [science] name endings (imidogen) (cantharides) imino- comb NH in nonacid radi¬ -idine suf chemical compound re¬ cals (iminourea) lated to another (pyridine) immuno- comb resistant to disease; idio- comb one's own; distinct; per¬ immune (immunotherapy) sonal (idiocrasy) immut- base unalterable (im¬ -idion suf diminutive (enchiridion) mutable) -idium s uf [science] diminutive impari- comb odd-numbered; un¬ (phyllidium) paired (imparisyllabic) idolo- comb idol (idolomancy) imped- base snare; delay (imped¬ -ie s uf diminutive (doggie) ance) DICTIONARY 43 imper- • intra- imper- base power; authority (im¬ inebr- base drunk (inebriated) perial) inequi- comb unequal (inequidis- impet- base rush; assault (impe- tant) tious) infern- base underworld; hell (in¬ in-1 1. pre within; inside; into; to¬ fernal) ward (inbreed); 2. intensifier (in¬ infero- comb underneath; low; stigate); 3. not; without (insane). below (inferolateral) NOTE: in- can change to: il- (illu¬ infra- pre below; beneath (infra¬ minate); im- (impossible); ir- (ir¬ structure) rigate) infundib- base funnel (infundibuli- -in2 suf [chemistry] names of neu¬ form) tral substances (albumin) -ing 1. sw/belonging to; descended -ina 1. suf feminine ending (balle¬ from (atheling); 2. present partici¬ rina); 2. characterized by (sona¬ ple (shifting sand); 3. act of; pro¬ tina); 3. [biology] name endings cess (talking); 4. produced by (Nemertina) (painting); 5. material for (roofing) -inae suf names of subfamilies of ingen- base versatile; clever (inge¬ animals (felinae) nious) inan- base empty; foolish (inane) ingress- base enter (ingressive) inaug- base start (inaugurate) inguino- comb inguinal; groin (in- incess- base unceasing (incessant) guinoscrotal) incip- base take in hand; begin (in¬ -ini suf [zoology] group names cipientwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) (Acanthurini) inciso- comb cut into (inciso- inimic- base hostile (inimical) lobate) iniq- base bad; uneven (iniquity) increp- base scold; rebuke (increpa- init- base begin; enter (initialize) tory) innato- comb inborn; natural (in- -indag- base trace; search; investi¬ nato-sessile) gate (indagation) ino- comb fiber; fibrousgrowt h indi-, indo-1 comb indigo; metallic (inolith) violet-purple (in&irubin, indo- inquis- see -quire phenol) insecti-, insecto- comb bug (insecti¬ -indigen- base native (indigenous) cide, insectology) Indo-2 comb India (Indo-Malayan) insul- base island (insularity) inducto- comb electrical induction integri- comb whole (integripallial) (inductoscope) inter- 1. comb between; among (in¬ -ine 1. suf of; like; pertaining to; terchange); 2. mutual; reciprocal; characterized by (canine); 2. femi¬ with each other (interact) nine ending (heroine); 3. abstract interno-, intero- comb internal; in¬ noun ending (discipline); 4. com¬ side; within (internomedial, inte- mercial names (Vaseline); roceptive) 5. [chemistry] names of: halogens intestino- comb intestine (intes- (iodine); alkaloid/nitrogen bases tino-vesical) (morphine); hydrides (stibine); intra- comb within; inside (intra¬ 6. of the nature of (crystalline) mural) intro- • -ity 44 DICTIONARY intro- comb into; within; inward 6. instance of; example of; pecu¬ (introvert) liarity of (Gallicism); 7. abnormal inund- base flood; overflow (inun¬ condition caused by (alcohol¬ date) ism) inutil- base useless (inutility) -ismus suf spasm; contraction -invid- base envy; resentment (in¬ (vaginismus). See -esmus vidious) iso- comb equality; identity; simi¬ -involver- base wrapping; covering larity (isodactylous) (involveriform) isoptero- base termite; white ant iodo- comb iodine (iodoform) (isopteroous) -ion 1. sw/act; process (solution); -ist suf practitioner; believer; person 2. state; condition (ambition) skilled in (theorist) iono- comb ion (ionosphere) isthm- base narrow passage; neck of -ior 1. suf one who (warrior); land (isthmian) 2. comparative form (inferior) -istic, -istical suf tending towards; -ious suf characterized by; having acting like (communistic, egotisti¬ (contentious) cal) ipse- base self (ipseity) istiophor- base marlin; sailfish (is- ir- see in- tiophorid) -ira-, -irasc- base hatred; anger Italo- comb Italy (Italophile) (irate, irascible) -ite 1. suf native; inhabitant; citizen -iren- base peace (irenic) of (Brooklynite); 2. adherent; be¬ irid- www.IELTS4U.blogfa.combase rainbow (iridial) liever (Benthamite); 3. manufac¬ iridico-, iridio- comb iridium tured product (dynamite); 4. fossil (iridico-potassic, iridio-cyanide) (coprolite); 5. bodily organ part irido- comb iris (iridomotor) (somite); 6. salt or ester of an acid isch- comb restriction; deficiency ending in -ous (nitrite); 7. min¬ (ischemia) eral or rock (anthracite) ischi-, ischio- comb hip; ischium itea- comb willow tree (iteatic) (ischialgia, ischiocapsular) -iter- base repeat (reiterate) -ise suf quality; condition; function ithy- comb erect; straight (ithyphal- (merchandise) lic) -ish 1. suf national connection -itic suf relating to; of (syphilitic) (Irish); 2. characteristic of; like -itiner- base journey (itinerary) (devilish); 3. tending to (book¬ -ition see -ation ish); 4. somewhat; rather (whit¬ -itious 5 uf having the nature of; ish); 5. approximately (thirty-ish) characterized by (fictitious) -isk s uf diminutive (obelisk) -itis suf inflammation; disease -ism 1. suf act; result of; practice (bronchitis) (terrorism); 2. condition of being -itive see -ative (barbarism); 3. qualities charac¬ -itol suf names of alcohols with teristic of; conduct characteristic more than 1 hydroxyl group of (patriotism); 4. doctrine; the¬ (mannitol) ory; principle of (socialism); -ity s uf state; character; condition 5. devotion to (nationalism); (nobility) DICTIONARY 45 -ium • katheno-

-ium sw/noun ending (oppro¬ ixod- base tick (ixodicide) brium) -ization sw/used to form noun from -ive 1. suf related to; belonging to; -ize verb (realization) (negative); 2. tending to (creative) -ize 1. suf cause to be or become; re¬ -ivus suf [science] name endings semble; make (sterilize); 2. be¬ (exfoliativus) come like (crystallize); 3. subject -ixo- base mistletoe; sticky or to; treat with; combine with (oxi¬ clammy like birdlime (ixolite) dize); 4. engage in; act (theorize) ixobrych- base bittern (ixobrychus)

J -jact-, -jacula-, -ject- base hurl; juglan- base walnut (juglandaceous) throw (jactation, ejaculation, jugo- comb neck; throat; yoke inject) (jugo-maxillary) jaun- base yellow (jaundice) -juli- base catkin (juliferous) jecor- base liver (jecorary) jun- base young (junior) -jejuno- comb of the jejunum (jeju- -junc- base a rush (juncaceous) nocolostomy) junct- comb join (conjunction) -jent- base breakfast (jentacular) jur-, juris- comb law (juridical, ju¬ -joco(s)-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, -jocu(l)- base joke; jest risprudence) (jocosity, jocularity) -juss- base command (jussive) journ- comb day; daily (journalism) -jut-, -juv- base aid; help (adjutant, jubat- base mane (jubate) adjuvant) -jubil- base joy; elation (jubilation) juven- comb young; immature (ju¬ jud- comb wisdom; law; justice (ju¬ venile) diciously) juxta- comb near; beside; close by Judaeo-, Judeo- comb Jewish (juxtaposition) (Judaeophobia, Judeo-Christian) Judaico- comb Judaic (Judaico- Christian)

K kako- comb bad; evil (kakogenesis). karyo- comb [biology] nucleus A/50 caco- (cacophony) (karyokinesis). Also caryo- (cary- kakorrhaph- base failure (kakor- opsis) rhaphiophobia) kata-. See cata- -kal- base beautiful (kaleidoscope) katheno- comb each; every; one by kal(i)- comb potassium (kaliopenia) one (kathenotheism) kathis- • labar- 46 DICTIONARY kathis- base sit; seat (kathisma) klope- comb steal (klopemania) kelyph- base shell; pod (kelyphite) kniss- base incense (knissomancy) keno- comb empty (kenotic) koilo- comb hollow (koilonychia) kephalo- comb head (kephalotomy). koin- base common (koine). See Also cephalo- (cephalopod) ceno-2 kera-, kerato- 1. comb horn; horn¬ koll(o)- comb glue (kolloxylin). Also like; horny tissue (keracele, ker- coll- (colloidal) atogenous); 2. cornea (kerato- kolpo- comb vagina (kolpocele). tomy). Also cerato- (ceratosaur) Also colpo- (colposcope) keraulo- comb hornblower (ker- koly- comb inhibit; restrain aulophon) (kolytic) kerauno- comb thunder (kerauno- -kompo- base boasting (kompol- graph). Also cerauno- (cerauno- scope) koni(o)- comb dust (konimeter) kery- base proclamation; preaching kopo- base exhaustion (kopopho- (kerygma) bia) keto- comb ketone; organic chemi¬ kopro- comb filth; excrement (ko- cal compound (ketogenesis) prophilia). See copro- -kibdelo- base adulterated; spurious -koria comb pupil of the eye (leuko- (kibdelophane) koria). Also -coria (leucocoria) kil-, kill- comb cell; church; burying kreo- comb flesh (kreophagus) place (Kilpatrick, Kilkenny) -krio- base ram (krioboly). Also kilo-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com comb thousand (kilogram) crio- (criocephalous) -kin suf diminutive (lambkin) krymo-, kryo- see crymo- kinesi-, -kinesia, -kinesis, kineso- kryo- comb frost; cold (kryometer). comb movement; muscular activ¬ Also cryo- (cryogen) ity (kinesiology, hyperkinesia, kyano- see cyano- telekinesis, kinesodic) kylixo- base bowl (kylixomancy) -kinetic, kineto- comb motion (hy- kymo- comb wave (kymograph). perkinetic, kinetograph). See cine- Also cymo- (cymophane) -kinin suf hormone names (cyto- kyno- comb dog (kynophagous) kinin) kypho- comb hump (kyphosis). Also kino- base movement; muscular ac¬ cypho- (cyphonism) tivity (kinocilium) -kyrio- base authorized; proper klepto- comb steal (kleptomaniac). (kyriolexy). Also cyrio- (cyrio- Also clepto- (cleptobiosis) logic) klino- comb sloped; bent (klino- kyto- comb cell (kytometry). Usu¬ cephalic). Also dino- (clinograph) ally cyto- (cytopathic)

-lab- base totter; shake; weaken labar- base banner; standard (labefaction) (labarum) DICTIONARY 47 -labido- • -le

-labido- base forceps (labidometer) -lana- base wool (lanate). See lani- labio- comb lips (labiodental) lanci- base lance (lanciform) -labor- base work (laboriousness) -land 1. comb a kind of land (high¬ lac- base white (lacteous) land); 2. territory or country -lacco- base reservoir (laccolite) (England); 3. place with a speci¬ -lacer- base mangle (laceration) fied character (cloudland) lacert- base lizard ( lacertilian) lani- base wool (laniferous). See -lachan- base vegetable (lachanopo- lana- list) -lania- base to tear; butcher (lani- -lacin- base fringed; jagged (lacini- ary) form) laniar- base canine tooth (laniari- lacrim-, lacrimo- comb tears; cry¬ form) ing (lachrimation, lacrimonasal). lanug- base hair (lanugo) Also lachrym- (lachrymose) laparo- comb abdominal wall; flank; lacti-, lacto- 1. comb milk (lacti- loins (laparotomy) florous); 2.[chemistry] lactic acid -lapid- base stone; gem (lapidary) (lactophosphate) laps- base slip away; error; fall lactuc- base lettuce (lactucarium) (elapsed) -lacun- base cavity; hole (lacunose) lar- base gull (larine) -lacus- base lake; pool (lacustrine) -largi- base abundant; copious ladron- base steal (ladronism) (largiloquent) laeo-, laevo- 1. comb on the left larix- base larch (larixinic) (laeotropic)www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com; 2. counterclockwise larvi- comb larva (larvigerous) (laevorotation). Also levo- (levo- laryngo- com b windpipe larynx gyrate) (laryngoscope) -lagen- base flask (lageniform) -lass- base weary (lassitude) -lagnia comb desire coition; lust (al- -later- base brick (lateritious) golagnia) -later comb one who worships (gas- lago- comb [zoology] hare (lagopo- trolater). See -latry dus) lateri-, latero- comb on the side (la¬ -lalia comb speech disorder (copro- ter igrade, laterodeviation) lalia) lati- comb wide; broad (latipennate) lalo- comb talking; speech defect latib- base hiding place (latibulate) (lalopathy) latici- comb latex (laticiferous) lamb- base lick (lambent) -latra- base barking (latration) lamelli- comb plate; layer; scales latro- base robber (latronage) (lamelliform) latrodect- base black widow spider lamini-, lamino- 1. comb plate; (latrodectus) layer (laminiferous); 2. blade of -latry comb excessive devotion; the tongue (laminoalveolar) worship of (idolatry). See -later -lampad- base torch; lamp (lam- -laud- base praise (applaud) padomancy) -lav- base wash (lavage) lampro- comb clear; distinct (lam- lazul- base blue (lazuline) prophony) -le 1. suf small (icicle); 2. person lampyr- base firefly (lampyrid) who does (beadle); 3. something lecano- • lili- 48 DICTIONARY

used for doing (girdle); 4. fre¬ -let 1. suf small (hamlet); 2. band quent (wriggle) (anklet) lecano- comb basin; pan; dish leth- base forgetfulness; drugged (lecanomancy) state (lethonomania) lechrio- comb slanting (lechri- leuco-, leuko- comb colorless; white odont) (leucocyte, leukemia) ledth-, lecitho- comb egg yolk -levi- base airy; light (lévitation) (lecithin, lecithoprotein) -levig- base smooth; polished (levi¬ -leco- base dish (lecotropal) gated) -lect- base read (lectionary) levo- 1. comb on the left (levogy- -leg-1 base read (legendary) rate); 2. counterclockwise (levoro- leg-2 base law (legality) tatory). Also laevo- (laevorota- -legia comb read (bradylegia) tion) leio- comb smooth (leiomyoma) levul- base sugar (lévulose) -lemma1 comb assumption; proposi¬ -lexia, -lexis, -lexy comb speech tion (dilemma) (dyslexia, catalexis, kyriolexy) -lemma2 comb rind; peel; husk lexico- comb word; vocabulary (lex¬ (neurolemma) icographer) -lemnisc- base ribbon (lemniscus) -libano- base incense (libanomancy) lemur- base tarsier (lemuroid) libell- base dragonfly (libelluloid) -len- base gentle; mild; soothing -liber- base free (liberation) (lenity) libid- base desirous; lustful (libidi¬ lenowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- base entice; pander; wheedle nous) (lenocinant) -libr- base book (librarian) -lenocin- base allure; entice (lenoci¬ -libra- base balance; scale (libra- nant) tion) -lent- base slow (lentitude) licheno- comb skin disease lentig- base freckle (lentigo) (licheno-lupoid) -lent sw/full of (pestilent) lien(o)- comb spleen (lieno-gastric) -leo- base lion (leonine) -liga- base tie; bind (ligament) lepido- comb [botany/zoology] scaly ligamenti-, ligamento- comb having ( lepidodendron ) ligaments (ligamentiferous, liga- lepidopter- base butterfly (lepidop- mento-muscular) terology) ligni-, ligno- comb wood (ligni- -lepor- base hare (leporine) vorous, lignoceric) -lepsia, -lepsis, -lepsy, lepti-, -leptic liguli- comb tonguelike; strap comb fit; attack; seizure (Epilepsia, (liguliflorate) catalepsis, catalepsy, epileptiform, ligur- base lick (ligurition) narcoleptic) ligyr- base noise (ligyrophobia) lepto- comb narrow; thin; fine; frail -like 1. suf characteristic of; suitable (leptocephaly) for (warlike); 2. in the manner of -less suf without; lacking; incapable (bird-like) of being (lawless) lilaps- base tornado; hurricane lesto- comb thief; robber (lestobio- (lilapsophobia) sis) lili- base lily (liliform) DICTIONARY 49 -lim- • lucern-

-lim- base mud (limicolous) -lixiv- base lye; alkaline (lixivation) -limac- base snail; slug (limaceous) lobulato- comb having small lobes limen- base harbor (limenarch) (lobulato-glomerate) -limin- base threshold (eliminate) lochio- comb childbirth (lochio- limno- comb lake; pond; pool (lim¬ peritonitis) nology) loco- 1. comb from place to place limo-1 comb clayey and (limo-creta- (locomotive); 2. a particular place ceous) ( locodescr iptive ) limo-2 comb fasting; famine -locu- base word; speech; discourse (limotherapy) (interocutor). Also -loqu- (elo¬ linar- base flax (linaria) quence) lineo- comb line (lineo-polar) locust- base cricket; locust; grass¬ -ling1 suf person or thing belonging hopper (locustarian) to or concerned with (underling) lodic- base blanket; rug (lodicule) -ling2 suf diminutive (duckling) -logic, -logical comb of a science -ling3 suf direction; extent; condi¬ (geologic, biological) tion (darkling) -logist comb one versed in (biol¬ ling-4 base lick (lingible) ogist) lingui-, linguo- comb language; logo- comb word; speech; discourse tongue (bi-lingual, linguopalatal) (logorrhea) linon- base string (linonophobia) -logue comb kind of speaking; kind lipar- base grease; fat (liparocele) of writing (monologue) lipo-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com1 comb fatty (liposuction) -logy 1. comb kind of speaking (eu¬ lipo-2 comb lacking; without (lipo- logy); 2. science; doctrine; theory/ stomosis) study of (geology) lipsano- comb relics (lipsanog- -loimo- base pestilence (loimogra- rapher) phy). Also lœmo- (lœmology) -liqu- base melt; make liquid; dis¬ -lonch- base spearhead (lonchidite) solve (liquescent) longi- comb long (longipennate) -lirio- base lily (liriodendron) lopho- comb [zoology/anatomy] -liss(o)- base smooth (lissotrichous) crest; ridge (lophocercal) -litan- base prayer; entreaty (lita- -loqu- base talk; speech (grandilo¬ neutical) quent). See locu- -lite suf names of minerals; stone -lor- base thong; strap (lorate) (chrysolite) lordo- comb hump (lordoscolio- -lith comb stone (monolith) sis) -lithic comb stone-using stage (ne¬ -lorica- base covering; hard shell olithic) (illoricated) litho- comb stone; rock; calculus loxo- comb [medicine/zoology] (lithosphère) slanting oblique (loxotomy) litig- base quarrel; lawsuit (litiga¬ -lubric- base smooth; slippery tion) (lubricity) -littor- base shore (littoral) lue-, luci comb light; clear; dawn -litu- base clarion (lituiform) (lucidity, lucifugal, antelucan) livid- base blue (lividity) lucern- base lamp (lucernal) -lucr(i) • macrur- 50 DICTIONARY

-lucr(i)- base profit; gain (lucrifer- -ly 1. suf characteristic of; suitable ous) to (earthly); 2. happening every -luct-1 base sorrow (luctisonant) (hourly); 3. in a specified way luct-2 base wrestle (luctation) (harshly); 4. in some direction lucubr- base work; nocturnal study (outwardly); 5. in some order (lucubration) (thirdly) -lude comb a play; to play with lye-, lyco- comb wolf (lycanthropy, (prelude) lycomania) ludif- base hoax; deception -lych- base lamp (lychnic) (ludificatory) lyg- base dark; murky (lygaeid) -luetic comb syphilis (paraluetic) lymphaden(o)- comb lymph nodes -lum- base light (illumination). See ( lymphadenopathy ) -luc- lymphangio- comb lymphatic ves¬ lumbo- comb loin; lumbar (lumbo- sels (lymphangioplasty) dorsal) lymphato- comb lymphatic (lym- -lumbric- base worm (lumbrici- phatolysis) form) lympho- comb of the lymph (lym¬ luni- comb moon (lunitidal) phocyte) lunu- comb crescent; moon-shaped lync- base lynx (lyncean) (lunulite) lyo- comb dissolution (lyophilic) -lup- base wolf (lupine) lype- comb sadness; grief (lypema- lupan- base brothel (lupanar) nia) lur- www.IELTS4U.blogfa.combase yellow-brown (lurid) lyri- base lyre (lyriform) lurido- comb yellow (lurido-cin- lyrico- comb lyric (lyrico-dramatic) erascent) lysi-, -lysis, lyso-, -lyte, -lytic, -lyze -lusc- base one-eyed (eluscate) comb freeing; relieving; breaking lustr- base shining; splendor (illus¬ up; dissolving; destroying trious) (lysimeter, lysogen, electrolysis, lut- base mud (lutulent) gazolyte, paralytic, paralyze) luteo- comb yellow (luteo-fulvous) -lysso- base rabies (lyssophobia) lutj an- base snapper (lutjanid) -lyte comb decomposed substance; lutr- base otter (lutrine) dissolved (hydrolyte)

M -ma suf result of action (enigma) contest; battle; fight (macho- macar- base happy; blessed (macar- polyp, hieromachy) ism) maci- base thin; lean (macilence) macell- base meat market (macel- macro- comb long; large (macro¬ larious) cosm) -machaero- base sword (machaero- macropod- base kangaroo (macro- dont) podine) macho-, -machy comb struggle; macrur- base shrimp (macruran) DICTIONARY 51 -macul- • -mataeo-

-macul- base spot; stain (immacu¬ mandibulo- comb jaw (mandibulo- late) maxillary) mad- base wet; moist (madefacient) manduc- comb chew; eat (mandu- mageir- base cook (mageiricopho- cation) bia). Also magir- (magiric) mangan-, mangani-, mangano- -magist- base master; head; author¬ comb manganese (manganbrucite, ity (magistrate) manganicyanide, manganosider- magneto- comb magnetic force ite) (magneto-electric) mani-, manu- comb hand (manipu¬ magni- comb great; large (magnilo¬ late, manuscript) quent) -mania 1. comb mental disorder mago- comb magic (mago-chemi- (kleptomania); 2. excessive crav¬ cal) ing (bibliomania) maha- base mastery; control (ma- mano- comb thin; rare (manometer) haranee) mansue- base tame; mild (mansué¬ maieusi- base bringing forth; mid¬ tude) wifery (maieutic) manubr- base handle (manubri- -maj- base great; large (majority) ated) mal- comb bad; wrong; ill (mala¬ -marc- base faded; withered (mar- droit) cescent) -malacia, malaco- 1. comb soft (gas- mare- comb sea (mareography) tromalacia)www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com; 2. mollusks (malacol¬ marg- base border; verge (marginal) ogy) margarit- base pearl (margarit -malax- base soften (malaxation) aceous) Malayo- comb Malay (Malayo-Poly- -margy base raging mad (gastro- nesian) margy) male- comb evil (malefaction) mari- comb sea (mariculture) -mali- base apple (maliform) marit- base spouse; marriage (mari¬ malleo- comb hammer (malleo- tal) incudal) -marm- base marble (marmoreal) -mallo- base wool (mallophagous) -marsup- base pouch (marsupial) -mas comb feast day (Christmas) malneiro- comb nightmare (mal- masculo- comb male (masculo-nu- neirophrenia) mamilli- comb nipple (mamilli- cleus) form) -mastia, masto- comb [medicine/ mammato- comb rounded clouds zoology] breast: of or like (macro- (mammato-cumulus) mastia, mastodynia) mammi-, mammo- comb breasts mastic- base chew (mastication) (mammiferous, mammogram) mastigo- comb whiplike; scourge -man comb human; male (anchor¬ bearing (mastigophore) man) masto- comb breast (mastodynia) -mancy, -mantic comb divination mastoido- comb mastoid (mas- (necromancy, necromantic) toido-humeral) -mand- base command; oblige -mataeo- base unprofitable; useless; (mandatory) vain (mataeology) mater- • -ment 52 DICTIONARY mater-, matri- comb mother (ma¬ melan-, melano- comb black; very ternity, matriarchy) dark (melanosis, melanocomous) matertera- base aunt on mother's -mele comb limb; extremity (phoco- side (materteral) mele) -math- comb learn (opsimath) meleagr- base turkey (meleagrine) matur- base ripe (maturity) melet- base meditation (melete- -matut- base morning (matutinal) tics) maxi- comb very large; very long -melia-1 comb limb; extremity (maxicoat) (macromelia) maxillo- comb of the maxilla; jaw -melia-2 base ash tree (meliaceous) ( maxillo-palatine ) melin- 1. base badger (meline); mazo-1 comb placenta (mazolysis) 2. tawny (meline) mazo-2 comb breast (mazoplazia) -melior- base make better; improve -meal comb measure (piecemeal) (ameliorate) meato- comb passage channel melisso- base bee (melissean) (meatoscopy) melitto- base bee (melittology) mechanico- comb partly mechanical mell(i)- comb honey; sweet (mel¬ (mechanico-chemical) lifluous) mechano- comb machines (mechan- melo-1 comb song; music (meloma- otherapy) nia) -meco- base length (mecodont) melo-2 comb cheek (meloplasty) -mecon- base poppy; opium melo-3 comb limb; extremity (melo- (meconidinewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) rheostosis) -med- 1. base s. bladder (medor- membrano- comb membrane plus rhea); 2. pi genitals (medortho- ( membranocartilaginous ) phobia) mendac- base falsehood (menda¬ medi-, medio- comb middle cious) (medicommisure, mediodorsal) mendie- base beggar; poor (mendi¬ mediastino- comb membranous cant) partition (mediastino-pericardial) -menia comb [medicine] pertaining medico- comb medical; of healing to the menses (paramenia) (medico-legal) meningo- comb [medicine/ mega- 1. comb large; powerful anatomy] related to the méninges (megaphone); 2. a million of (meningocele) (megacycle) -menisc- base crescent-shaped megacheiropter- base bat (mega- (meniscoid) cheiropteran) meno- 1. comb [medicine] pertain¬ mégalo-, -megaly 1. comb large; ing to the menses (menopause); powerful (megalomania); 2. ab- ^ 2. month (menology) normal enlargement (megalocar- mens- base month (menses) dia, hepatomegaly) -ment1 1. suf result; product (pave¬ meio- comb less (meiosis). Also ment); 2. instrument; means mio- (Miolithic) (adornment); 3. process of doing meizo- comb greater (meizoseis- (measurement); 4. state of being mal) acted on (disappointment) DICTIONARY 53 ment- • -milit- ment-2 base mind; thought (menta¬ metacarpo- comb metacarpus plus tion) (metacarpophalangeal) menth- base mint (menthaceous) metalli-, métallo- comb metal (met¬ mento- comb chin (mentoplasty) alliferous, metallochrome) -mentul- base penis (mentulate) metatarso- comb metatarsus plus mephit- base skunk (mephitic) (metatarso-phalangeal) -mer, -meran comb part; unit (iso- metax- base silk (metaxite) mer, heteromeran). Also -mere -meter 1. comb device for measuring (blastomere). See mero-1 (barometer); 2. so many meters -mere- base goods (mercantile) (kilometer); 3. fraction of a meter -merd- base dung (immerd) (centimeter); 4. having metri¬ -mere comb part; unit (blastomere). cal feet (pentameter) See -mer and mero-1 -meth- base intoxicated (methystic) meretric- base harlot (meretricious) metho- comb methyl (methoxyl) -merge, -merse comb plunge; dip methoxy- comb methoxy group (submerge, immerse) (methoxychlor) merid- base noon (postmeridian) methyl- comb methyl group merinth- base bind (merintho- (methyl-benzene) phobia) methys- base drunk; intoxicated mero-1, -merous comb part; unit; (methystic) partial; having parts (merob- metopo- comb forehead (meto- last, heteromerous) poscopy) mero-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com2 comb thigh (merocele) metr- base poem (metrical) merul- base blackbird (meruline) metra-, metro-1 comb uterus (me- mesati- comb medium (mesati- tratonia, metrorrhagia) cephaly) -metric, -metrics, metro-2, -metry mesmer- base hypnotism (mesmer¬ comb measure (geometric, econo¬ ism) metrics, metrology, chronometry) meso- 1. comb in the middle (meso- -metrio- base moderate (metrio- carp); 2. [anatomy] a mesentery cephalic) (mesogastrium) mezzo- comb middle; half (mez¬ meta-1 1. pre changed (metamor¬ zotint) phosis); 2. after (metaphysics); micro- 1. comb little; small (micro- 3. behind; in back (metathorax); barograph); 2. abnormally small 4. beyond; higher (metapsychosis) (microcephalic); 3. enlarging what meta-2 [chemistry] 1. pre polymer is small (microscope); 4. relation of (metaldehyde); 2. derivative of to microscopes (microchemistry); (metaprotein); 3. acid containing 5. one millionth part of (micro- less water combined with the an¬ gram) hydride than other acids of the microcheiropter- base bat (micro- same non-metallic element cheir opter an) (metaphosphoric); 4. character¬ -mict- base urine (micturient). See ized by substitutes in the 1,3 posi¬ -ming- tion in the benzene ring (meta- mid- comb middle part (midbrain) coumarate) -milit- base soldier (militancy) milli- • mov- 54 DICTIONARY milli- 1. comb one thousandth part mollusc- base mollusk (malluscous) of (millimeter); 2. one thousand molybdo- comb lead (molybdo- (millifold) colic) milv- base kite — the bird (milvine) molys- base dirt (molysmophobia) -mim- 1. base imitate (mimetic); 2. -mon- base warn (admonish) mockingbird (mimine) monach- base monk (monachism) min- base threat (minatory) -monil- base necklace (moniliform) -ming- base urine (retromingent). mono- 1. comb single; alone; one See -mict- (monoclinal); 2. containing one mini- comb smaller; shorter; lesser atom (monochloride); 3. one mol¬ than usual (miniskirt) ecule thick (monolayer) mio- comb less; diminished monotrem- base platypus (mono- (miosis). Also meio- (meiosis) tremal) -mir- base wonder (admiration) -monstr- base show (demonstrate) mis- pre wrong; bad (miscalculate) mont- base mountain (montane) -mise- base mixed (immiscible) -mony suf resulting state (patri¬ miso- comb hated; hating (misog¬ mony) yny) -mor-1 base usage; custom (mores) -miss-, -mit-1 base send (dismiss, -mor-2 base mulberry (moriform) remit) -mora- base delay (remorate) mit-2, mito- comb thread (mitosis, -morb- base sickly; diseased (mor¬ mitochondria) bidity) miti-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com1 base mild; soothing (miti¬ -mord- base sharp biting; acrid gate) (mordant) miti-2 base mite (miticide) -moriger- base obedient; submis¬ mitri- base miter (mitriform) sive (morigerous) mixo- comb mixed (mixogamy) -morilli- base fungus; morel (moril- -mnem-, -mnesia, -mnesis base liform) memory (mnemonics, amnesia, moro- base foolish (morology) anamnesis) moros- base surly (morosity) -mo suf printing books: a suffix to -morph, -morphic, -morphism, the number designating one of the morpho-, -morphous comb equal parts into which a sheet is having a specified form (pseudo- divided, the size of a page varying morph, anthropomorphic, mono- with the size of the sheet folded morphism, morphology, iso- (12mo) morphous) -mob- base move (immobility) mort-, morti- comb death (immor¬ -mobile comb special type of vehicle tality, mortify) (bookmobile) -mosch- base musk (moschiferous) -mochl- base lever (hypomochlion) -most suf superlatives (foremost) mogi- comb with difficulty (mogi- -motive comb moving (automotive) graphia) moto- comb motor (moto-sensitive) mol- base grind (molar) -mouthed comb having a mouth; -molend- base mill (molendarious) having mouths (large-mouthed) -moll- base soft (emollient) mov- base move (movable) DICTIONARY 55 muci- • -myz- muci-, muco- comb snot; mucous -mutu- base reciprocal (mutuality) membrane (muciparous, muco- -mycete, myceto- comb fungus of a protein) specified group (schizomycete, mucid- base musty (mucidous) mycetoma) mucoso- comb partly mucous (mu- -mycin comb derivative of a coso-granular) specified substance from bacteria -mucro- base point (mucronulate) or fungi; antibiotic (streptomycin) -mug- base bellow (remugient) myco- comb mushroom; fungus mugil- base mullet (mugiloid) (mycology) muliebr- base woman (mulierbrity) mycter- comb sneer; scoff; nose mult(i)- 1. comb having many (mul¬ (mycterism) ticolored); 2. more than two (mul¬ -myelia, myelo- comb spinal cord; tilateral); 3. many times (multi¬ marrow (micromyelia, myelo- millionaire) genic) mummi- base mummy (mummi- myia- base fly (myiasis) form) myo-1 comb [medicine/anatomy] mun- base gift (munificent) muscle (myocardium) -mund-1 base world (mundiciduous) myo-2 base mouse (myomancy) -mund-2 base cleanse (mundation) myox- base dormouse (myoxine) -mur-1 base mouse (murine) myria- 1. comb numerous; many -mur-2 base wall (immured) (myriapod); 2. ten thousand -mur-3 base mulberry (muriform) (myriameter). Also myrio- muraenwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- base moray (muraenid) (myriophyllus) -muri- base brine (muriatic) myringo- base tympanic (myringi- -muric- base pointed; sharp (muri- tis) cated) myrist- base nutmeg (myristic) musa- base banana (musaceous) myrmeco-, myrmic- comb ant -muse-1 base fly (musciform) (myrmecology, myrmicine) -muse-2 base moss (emuscation) myrmecophag- base anteater muscar- base brush (muscariform) ( myrmecophagine ) muscicap- base flycatching bird; myro- comb ointment; perfume thrush (muscicapine) (myropolist) musculo- comb muscle (musculo- -myrti- base myrtle (myrtiform) phrenic) myso- comb dirt (mysophobia). musico- comb music (musicopho- Also miso- (misophobia) bia) mystico- comb partly mystical muso- base poem (musophobia) (mystico-religious) muss- base mutter; murmur (mus- mythico- comb partly mythical sitation) (mythico-romantic) -mustel- 1. base weasel; badger; mytho- comb myth; story (mytho- skunk; polecat; ermine; marten; clast) mink; wolverine; ferret (muste¬ -mytil- base mussel (mytiliform) line); 2. tawny (musteline) -myxia, myxo- comb slime; mucus -mut- base change (immutable) (hypomyxia, myxomycete) -mutil- base maim (mutilation) -myz- base suck (myzostoma) -nacar- • nitro- 56 DICTIONARY

N

-nacar- base orange-red ( nacarine) nemor- base woods; forest (nemor- nano- 1. comb dwarfism (nano- ous) cephalous); 2. one-billionth neo- 1. comb new; recent; latest (nanosecond). Also nanno- (nan- (neo-classic); 2. [geology] chro¬ nofossil) nologically last part of a period -nao- base temple (naology) (Neocene) -napi- base turnip (napiform) nephal- base sober; abstinent narco- comb numbness; stupor (nephalism) (narcolepsy) nephelo-, nepho- comb cloud -nari- base nostrils (nariform) (nephelometer, nephology) narr- base relate; tell (narrative) nephro- comb kidney (nephrotomy) nasc- base born (nascent) -nepo- base nephew (nepotic) nasi-, naso- comb nose; nasal (nasi- -ner- base liquid (aneroid) cornous, nasolabial) -nerter- base the dead (nerterology) -nastic, -nasty comb plant growth: nerv-, nervi-, nervo- comb nerve unequal by some specified means (nervosity, nervifolious, nervo- or in a specified direction (hypo- vital) nastic, hyponasty) -ness suf condition; quality of -nata- base swim (natatorium) (greatness) -natalwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- base birth (neonatal) neuro- comb nervous system; nerve -nati- base buttocks (natiform) (neuropath) -natremia comb sodium (hypona- neutro- comb neutral (neutropenia) tremia) nev-, nevo- base birthmark; mole -natured comb having a nature (nevoid, nevoxanthoendothe- or temperament (good-natured) lioma) naus- base sick; seasick (nausea) -nex- base connect; bind (annex) -naut-, -nav- base ship; sea (nauti¬ nic- base victory (epinician) cal, navigate) -nict- base wink (nictitate) navig- base voyage (navigable) nid-, nidi- base nest (nidal, ne- pre not (nescience) nidification) -nebul- base cloud; mist; vapor nidor- base smell (nidorous) (nebulous) nigri-, nigro- comb black (nigri- necro- comb death; corpse; dead tis¬ cauline, nigrofuscous) sue (necrology) nihili- comb nothing (nihili-par- necto- comb swimming (nectozooid) turient) necyo- comb demon; damned spirit -nik suf one who is (beatnik) (necyomancy) nimb- base cloud; rainstorm -neg- base deny (negativist) (nimbification) -negot- base business (negotiate) ning- base snow (ninguid) -nema- base thread (hyalonema) nitid- base lustrous; bright (nitid- nemato- comb thread; threadlike ity) (nematocyst) nitro- 1. comb presence of nitrogen DICTIONARY 57 nitroso- • nympho-

compounds made by the action of nota-, noto- comb the back; dorsum nitric or nitrous acid and other (notancephalia, notochord) substances (nitro-cellulose); 2. the -notho- base spurious; false (notho- presence of the NO2 radical (ni¬ saurus) trobenzene); 3. niter (nitrobacte- -noto- base south (notothere) ria) -nov-1 base new (renovate) nitroso- comb presence of the NO -nov-2 base nine (novenary) radical (nitrosamine) -noverc- base stepmother (nover- -niv- base snow (niveous) cant) noci- comb hurt; pain; injury (noci- -nox- base harmful (obnoxious) ceptor) -nub-, -nupt- base marry (connu¬ nocti- comb night (noctiferous) bial, nuptial) noctilion- base bat (noctilionid) -nubi- base cloud (nubiferous) -nod- base knot (nodulose) nuci- comb nut (nuciferous) -noe- base thought; intellect nudeo- comb nucleus: relation to; (noetic) kernel (nucleoplasm) -noia comb thought (metanoia) nudi- comb naked; bare (nudi- -nom-, -nym- base name (nomen¬ branchiate) clature, synonymous) -nuga- base trifling (nugatory) nomato- seeonomato- nulli- comb none (nullify) -nomia comb name (paranomia) -num- base count (enumerate) nomo- comb law; custom (nomol- -numisma- base coin (numismatist) ogy)www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com nummi- comb coin; disk (nummi- -nomy comb systematized knowl¬ form) edge of (astronomy) nundin- base market; commerce non-1 pre negative; not (nonde¬ (nundinal) script) -nupt- base wed (nuptial) non-2 base ninth (nonan) nur(us)- base daughter-in-law nona- comb nine (nonagenarian) (nurine) nonagen-, nonages- base ninety nuta- base sway; nod (nutation) (nonagenarian, nonagesimal) -nutr- base nourish (malnutrition) -noo- base mind (nooscopic) -nychia see onycho- Normano- comb Norman (Nor- nycta-, nycti-, nycto- comb night mano-Saxonic) (nyctalopia, nyctitropic, nycto- normo- comb usual; normal (nor- phobia) motensive) -nym- see -nom noso- comb disease (nosophobia) nympho- 1. comb labia minora nosocom- base hospital (nosoco- (nymphotomy); 2. nymphs mial) (nympholepsy) nosto- comb a return home (nosto- mania) -o -OlgO- 58 DICTIONARY

O

-o 1. suf informal abbreviation octa-, octo- comb eight (octagon, (ammo); 2. person associated with octobrachiate) (politico) octakaideca- com b eighteen (octa- oario- comb ovary (oariopathy). See kaidecahedron) ovario- octan- base eighth (octant) ob- 1. pre to; toward; before (ob¬ octocent- base eight hundred (octo- ject); 2. opposed to; against (ob¬ centenary) noxious); 3. upon; over (obfus¬ octogen-, octoges- base eighty (oc¬ cate); 4. completely; totally togenarian, octogesimal) (objurgate). NOTE: ob- can oculi-, oculo- comb eye (oculiform, change to: o- (omission); oc- oculomotor) (occur); of- (offer); op- (op¬ ocy- comb swift (ocydrome) pose -ode1 comb way; path (cathode) oben- base walrus (obenid) -ode2 suf like (geode) obes- base fat; heavy (obesity) odi- base hatred (odious) obit- base death (obituary) -odic comb smell (euodic) oblit- base erase (obliteration) odo- comb road; journey (odome¬ oblongo- comb with oblong exten¬ ter). Seehodo- sion (oblongo-elliptic) -odont, odonto- comb tooth obscurwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- base dark (obscurant) (macrodont, odontoblast) obstin- base stubborn (obstinacy) odori-, odoro- comb smell; scent obtusi- comb obtuse; blunted (ob- (odoriférant, odoroscope) tusi-pennate) -odus comb having teeth; names of -occid- base west (occidental) genera (ceratodus) occipito- comb occipital; skull (oc- -odynia, odyno- comb pain in cipito-axial) (osteodynia, odynophagia) occult- base hidden (occultation) oeco- comb environment ocelli- comb spot; eyelet (ocelli- (oecology). See eco- form) oego- base open (oegopsid). Also ochlo- comb crowd; mob (ochlo- oigo- (oigopsid) phobia) oeno- comb wine (oenophile) 1 ocho- base vehicle (ochophobia) oesophago- see esophag- 2 ocho- base capacious; ample off-1 comb away from (offbrand) (ochopetalous) -off2 suf a. competition (bakeoff) ochreo- comb containing ochre; ogdo- comb eight (ogdoad) light brownish yellow ( ochreo - -oid, -oidal 5uf shape; like; resem¬ ferrous) bling (spheroid, trapezoidal) ochro- comb pale yellow (ochrocar- -oidea comb names of zoologi¬ pous) cal classes; names of entomologi¬ -ock s uf diminutive: small (hillock) cal superfamilies (Molluscoi- -ocracy comb the rule of any class dea) (tradeocracy) -oigo- base open (oigopsid) DICTIONARY 59 oiko- • oppositi- oiko- comb environment (oiko- -one suf [chemistry] a ketone (ace¬ fugic). See eco- tone) oino- comb wine (oinomania). See oneiro- comb dream (oneirocritic) oeno- -oner- base burden (onerous) -ol suf [chemistry] 1. alcohol or -onic suf names of acids (gluconic phenol (menthol); 2. same as -ole acid) (anethol) onio- base buy (oniomania) -ola suf diminutive (variola) -onisc- base woodlouse (onisciform) -ole1 suf [chemistry] 1. compound: ono- base donkey; beast of burden closed-chain with five members (onology) (pyrrole); 2. names of certain -onocrot- base pelican (onocrotal) aldehydes and ethers (anethole) onom-, onomato- comb name (ono- -ole2 suf diminutive (variole) mastic, onomatopoeia) olea-, -oleic, oleo- comb oil; olein; onto- comb being; existence (ontol¬ oleic (oleaginous, palmitoleic, ogy) oleomargarine) onych-, -onychia, onycho- comb -olent base giving out a smell (redo¬ claw; nail (onychosis, leukony- lent) chia, onychophagy) oler- base vegetables; potherbs -onym comb name (pseudonym) (oleraceous) oo- comb egg; ovum (oogamous) olfacto- comb smell (olfactometer) oophoro- comb ovary (oophoritis) oligo- comb few; deficiency of op- comb eye (opalgia) (oligophreniawww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) -opac- base shade; dimness (opac¬ olit- base vegetables (olitory) ity) oliv-, olivaceo- comb dusky green -oper-1 base work; labor (operosity) (olivaceous, olivaceo-cinereous) -oper-2 base lid; cover (inopercu- -ologist comb specialist (proctolo- late) gist) ophio- comb snake (ophiolatry) -oma, -ome suf morbid growth; -ophidia, ophidio- comb [medi¬ tumor; neoplasm; formation (sar¬ cine] venemous snakes (Thana- coma, phyllome) tophidia, ophidiophobia) omalo- see homalo- ophry- base eyebrow (ophryosis) ombro- comb rain; shower (om¬ ophthalmo- comb eye (ophthalmo¬ brometer) scope) ommat- base eye (ommatophore) -opia comb eye defect; vision omni- comb all; everywhere (omni¬ (diplopia) scient) opio- comb poppy juice (opioma- omo-1 base shoulder (omodynia) nia) omo-2 base raw (omophagia) -opiso- base backwards (opisome- omphalo- comb navel; umbilicus ter) (omphalitis) opistho- comb behind; dorsal -on suf [chemistry] 1. elementary (opisthodont) particle (gluon); 2. inert gas opo- comb juice (opobalsam) (neon) oppositi- comb opposite (oppositi- onco- comb tumor (oncologist) folious) opsi- • -osmia 60 DICTIONARY opsi-1 comb late (opsigamy) orismo- comb definition; boundary opsi-2 comb sight; eye (opsiometer) (orismology) -opsia comb sight; view (hemianop- -orium suf a. place for (audito¬ sia) rium) -opsis 1. comb see (synopsis); orneo-, orni-, ornitho-, orno- comb 2. likeness; resembling (coreopsis) bird (orneoscopic, orniscopic, or¬ opso- 1. comb eye (opsoclonus); nithology, ornomancy) 2. cooked meat; relish; rich fare; oro-1 comb mouth (orolingual) provisions; sweets (opsomania) oro-2 comb mountain (orogenic). -opsy comb examination (biopsy) Also oreo- (oreology) -opt-1 base wish; choice (optional) orrho- comb serum (orrhocyst) -opt-2 base best (optimism) ortho- 1. comb straight; regular; up¬ optico- comb pertaining to sight right (orthodontia); 2. right angle (optico-ciliary) (orthorhombic); 3. proper; cor¬ opto- comb sight; eye (optometry) rect; standard (orthography); opul- base riches (opulent) 4. [chemistry] that acid of a group opus- base work (opuscular) containing the same nonmetallic or-1 base mouth (orifice) element that has the largest num¬ -or2 suf person or thing that (inven¬ ber of OH groups per atom of the tor) nonmetal (orthophosphoric); -or3 suf quality; condition (horror) 5. [medicine] correction of defor¬ orag- base storm (oragious) mities (orthopedics) -oramwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.coma comb display; spectacle -ory 1. suf having the nature of (georama) (hortatory); 2. a place for (ob¬ -orat- base speak (oratorical) servatory) orbiculato- comb partly rounded orycto- comb dug up: fossil or min¬ ( orbiculato -cordate ) eral (oryctological) orbito- comb orbit; circle (orbito- -oryzi- base rice (oryzivorous) nasal) oscheo- comb scrotum (oscheitis) -orches- base dance (orchestic) -oscill- base swing (oscillation) orchido-1 comb orchid (orchidol- oscin- base songbirds (oscine) -oscit- base yawn (oscitation) orchido-2 comb testicle (orchido- oscul- base kiss (osculation) 1 tomy) -ose 1. suf carbohydrate (cellulose); orchio- comb testicle (orchiocele) 2. protein hydrolysis: product of (proteose) orect-, -orexia comb appetite (orec- 2 tic, dysorexia) -ose s uf full of; containing; like organo- comb organ; organic (verbose). See -osity (organography) -osis 1. suf state; condition; action -orial 5uf pertaining to an action (osmosis); 2. abnormal condi¬ (conspiratorial) tion; diseased condition (neuro¬ orient- base east; sunrise (orien¬ sis) teering) -osity sw/full of; containing; like -orious suf relating to; character¬ (verbosity). See -ose2 ized by (meritorious) -osmia comb smell; odor (anosmia) DICTIONARY 61 osmio- • paedo- osmio- comb osmium (osmio-chlo- -ousia, -ousian comb essence; sub¬ ride) stance (homoousia, heteroousian) osmo-1 comb smell; odor (osmodys- out- 1. comb situated at; outside phoria) (outpatient); 2. going away; out¬ osmo-2 comb osmosis (osmolarity) ward (outcast); 3. better; greater; osphresio- comb odor; sense of more than (outsell) smell (osphresiophobia) ovario- comb ovary (ovariocente- osphy-, osphyo- comb loins (os- sis). Seeoario- phyalgia, osphyocele) ovato- comb egg-shaped (ovato-del- -ossi, osseo-, osteo- comb bone (ossi¬ toid) fication, osseomucin, osteoplasty) over- 1. comb above; upper; supe¬ ossifrag- base osprey (ossifrage) rior; eminent (overbearing); osti- base gate; opening (ostiole) 2. beyond normal; excessive (over¬ -ostraca, ostraco- comb shell (Lep- rate); 3. passing across; passing tostraca, ostracoderm) beyond (overshoot); 4. moving ostre-, ostrei-, ostreo- comb oyster lower (overwhelm) (ostreaceous, ostreiform, ostreo- ovi-1 comb egg; ovum (oviduct) phage) ovi-2 comb sheep (ovicide) ot-, oto- comb ear (othemorrhagia, ovo- comb ovum; ovally (ovoleci- otopyosis) thin) -ota suf plural ending of taxonomic oxa- pre [chemistry] presence of names (biota) oxygen, especially as replacing -ote www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comsuf singular ending of taxo¬ carbon in a ring (oxazine) nomic names (eukaryote) oxal-, oxalo- comb containing the oti- base idleness; leisure (otiose) radical ovalyl (oxalamide, oxalo- -otic 1. suf affected with; of (scle¬ nitrate) rotic); 2. producing (narcotic) oxy-1 comb sharp; pointed; acute; oulo- comb gums (oulorrhagy) acid (oxycephalic) ourano- comb heavens (oura- oxy-2 comb oxygen-containing nomancy). See urano- (oxyacetylene) ouro- comb urine (ouromancy) oxyur- base worm (oxyuricide) -ous 1. suf characterized by; having; ozo- comb smell (ozostomia) full of (generous); 2. [chemistry] ozono- comb ozone (ozonolysis) having a valence lower than in a ozostom- base bad breath (ozosto¬ compound whose name ends in - mia) ic (sulfurous)

pac- base peace (pacific) pachyderm- base elephant; tapir pachno- comb frost (pachnolite) (pachydermatous) pachy- comb thick; large; massive paedo-1 comb dirt; soil (paedo- (pachyderm) genic). Also pedo- (pedocal) paedo- • -paria 62 DICTIONARY paedo-2 comb child; immature; doll pann- base rag (pannose) (paedomorphic). Usually pedo- -pannychy comb lasting all night (pedophile) (psychpannychy) -pagia comb conjoined twins (ecto- pant-, panto- comb all; every (pan- pagia) talgia, pantograph) pago- comb cold; frost (pagophagia) -papaver- base poppy (papaverous) pagur- base hermit crab (pagurian) papil- base butterfly (papiliona¬ -pagus comb conjoined twins ceous) (diplopagus) papilli-, papillo-, papilloso- comb -paizo- base loveplay (paizogony) papillary; nipple-like (papilliform, palato- comb palate; roof of mouth papillomatosis, papilloso-asper- (palatonasal) ate) palea- base chaff; chaff-like (pala- papulo- comb papule; skin elevation ceous) (papulopustular) paleo- 1. comb ancient; prehistoric papyro- comb papyrus (papyrology) (Paleozoic); 2. primitive (pale¬ par-1 base fraction; portion (parti¬ olithic); 3. paleontological (paleo- tion) zoology). Also paeleo- (paeleo- par-2 base titmouse; chickadee zoic) (parine) -pali-, palil-, -palin- base over; para-1 1. comb protecting from again (paliphrasia, palilogy, palin¬ (parapet); 2. using a parachute genesis) (paratroop) palliowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- comb pallium; mantle (pal- para-2 1. pre beside; beyond (paral¬ liopedal) lel); 2. [chemistry] an isomer, pallo- comb vibrations (pallometric) modification, polymer, derivative palma- base palm tree (palmaceous) of a specified substance (paradi- palmati-, palmato- comb like the chlorobenzene); 3. [medicine] palm of the hand (palmatifid, secondary capacity; accessory ca¬ palmatopeltate) pacity (paramedical); 4. [medi¬ -palp- base touch; feel (palpable) cine] functionally disordered;-ab¬ paludi-, palus- base marsh (paludi- normal (parafunctional); cole, palustrine) 5. [medicine] like; resembling palumb- base pigeon (palumbine) (paracholera) 3 palyn- base pollen (palynology) -para comb woman who has given -pampin- base vine; tendril birth; parturient (multipara) (pampiniform) paral- base seashore (paralian) pan-1 1. comb all (pantheism); 2. paralip- base neglect; omission common to all/every (Pan-Ameri¬ (paralipomena) can); 3. belief in a unified group paraphil- base unusual sexual prac¬ (Pan-Slavism) tices (paraphilia) pan-2 base bread (panivorous) parasit- base parasite (parasitical) pancreato-, pancreo- comb of the pard- base leopard (pardine) pancreas (pancreatotomy, pancre- pari- comb equal (paripinnate) opathy) -paria comb genera and order of pandur- base fiddle (panduriform) trilobytes; cheeks (Opisthoparia) DICTIONARY 63 parieto- • peltati- parieto- comb forming a cavity; -pecca- base fault; sin; disease (im¬ parietal; wall (parietomastoid) peccable) pariso- comb evenly balanced; al¬ pect- base breastbone (pectoral) most equal (parisology) pectinato- comb like the teeth of a paroem- base proverb (paroemiol- comb (pectinato-denticulate) ogy). Also parem- (paremiography) pecul- base embezzle (peculation) -parous comb producing; bearing; -pecun- base money (impecunious) bringing forth (viviparous) ped-1, -pede, pedi-, pedo-1 comb pars- base spare; save (parsimony) foot (pedal, centipede, pedicure, partheno- comb virgin (partheno¬ pedopathy). Also pod- (tripod) genesis) ped-2 comb child (pedagogy) parti- base division; part (partition) pedati- comb pedately; like a foot -partur- base giving birth (parturi¬ (pedatifid) tion) -pedia comb teach (encyclopedia) parvi-, parvo- comb small (parvifo- pedicul- base lice (pediculosis) lious, parvoline) pedion- base flat surface; plain (pe- pascu- base grazing (pascuant) dionomite) pasi- comb all; universal (pasigra- pedipalp- base scorpion (pedi- phy). Seepan- palpous) -passeri- base perching bird; spar¬ pedo-2 comb child (pedodontia) row (passeriform) pedo-3 comb dirt; soil (pedocal) -pated comb head: type of (bald- pegm- base framework; fastening patedwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) (pegmatite) -pater- base father (paternity) pego- base spring; fountain (pego- -path, -pathic, patho-, -pathy comb mancy) suffering; disease; feeling (psy¬ peir- base try; experiment (peiras- chopath, telepathic, pathopoeia, tic) antipathy) pejor- base worse (pejorative) patri- comb father (patrimony) -pel- base push; drive (propel). Also patroc- base support; defend (pa- -pul- (propulsion) trocinate) pelad- base bald (peladic) patroio- comb ancestor (patroio- pelag- base sea (archipelago) phobia) pelec- base hatchet (pelecypod) patru- base uncle (patruity) pelecan- base pelican (pelecanid) patul- base open; spread out (patu- pell-, pelli- base skin; hide (pella¬ lent) gra, pellibranchiate) pauc-, pauci- comb few (paucity, pellarg- base stork (pellargic) pauciflorous) -pelm- base sole of the foot (an- paup- base poor (pauper) tiopelmous) -pavid- base fearful (impavidity) pelo- comb mud; clay (pelophilous) -pavon- 1. base peacock (pavonine); pelor- base monster (pelorization) 2. peacock blue (pavonine) pelt-, pelti-, pelto- comb shield pax- comb peace (Pax Romana) (peltate, peltiferous, peltogaster) paxill- base pillarlike; stalklike peltati-, peltato- comb shield- (paxilla) shaped (peltatifid, peltatodigitate) pelvi- • pesso- 64 DICTIONARY pelvi- comb pelvis; pelvic; basin- mum replacement of hydrogen by shaped (pelvimeter) chlorine (perchlorobenzine) -pend- 1. base hang (pendant); perd- base destroy; lose (perdition) 2. pay; weigh (expend). Also -perdic- base partridge (perdicine) -pens- (pension) perdit- base wicked (perdition) pendulin- base birds with hanging perdri- base partridge (perdricide) nests (penduline) peregrin- base journey (peregrina¬ pen(e)- comb almost; nearly tion) (penannular) -peregrin- base travel; wander -penia comb poverty; deficiency; (peregrinate) tightening (kaliopenia) perenn- base lasting (perennial) pennati- comb feather (pennatifid) -pergamen- base parchment penni- comb feather; featherlike (pergameneous) (penniform) peri- 1. pre around; surrounding -penny comb monetary unit (half¬ (periscope); 2. near (perigee) penny) pericardiaco-, pericardio- comb re¬ peno- base punishment (penology) lating to the sac surrounding the penta- comb five (pentamerous) heart; pericardial (pericardiaco- pentacost- base fifty (pentacostal) phrenic, pericardiostomy) pentakaideca- comb fifteen (pen- pericul- base danger (periculous) takaidecahedr on ) perineo- comb perineum (perineo- penteconta- comb fifty (penteconta- cele) glossalwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) periosteo- comb periosteum; bone penther- base mother-in-law membrane (periosteophyte) (pentheraphobia) perisso comb uneven; strange; re¬ penur- base poverty; lack (penuri¬ dundant (perissodactyl) ous) -perister- base pigeon (peristeronic) -peo- base penis (peotomy) peritoneo- comb peritonium; ab¬ pepo- base pumpkin (pepon) dominal sac (peritoneoclysis) peps-, pept-, pepto- comb digest perm- base lasting; remaining (per¬ (pepsinogen, peptic, peptogenic) manent) per- 1. pre through; away (perco¬ pero- comb maimed; malformed late); 2. completely; very (per¬ (perodactyly) suade); 3. [chemistry] containing peroneo- comb peroneal; fibula a specified element or radical in its (peroneo-calcaneal) maximum or a relatively high va¬ peroxy- comb peroxy group (perox- lence (perchlorate) yborate) percepto- comb perceived (per- perpet- base unceasing (perpetual) cepto-motor) pers- base avocado (persea) perces- base barracuda (Percesocine) persic- base peach (persicaria) percesoc-, -perci-, -perco- base bar¬ -person comb person in a special¬ racuda; perch (percesocine, perci- ized activity (chairperson) form, percomorph) -pervic- base stubborn (pervica- perchloro- comb indicates a com¬ cious) pound in which there is the maxi¬ pesso- comb pebble (pessomancy) DICTIONARY 65 -pessul- • -phile

-pessul- base bolt (pessular) phanero- comb visible; manifest pesti- comb injurious plant or ani¬ (phanerogam) mal; pest; plague (pestiferous) phantas- base illusion (phantasmal) -pet- base seek; ask; require (com¬ -phar- base lighthouse (pharology) pete) pharmaco- comb drugs (pharma- peta- comb quadrillion (petameter) cotherapy) -petal comb moving toward; seeking pharyngo- comb the pharynx (centripetal) (pharyngology) petalo- base leaf (petalocerous) -phasco- base bag; purse (phasco- petri-, petro- comb rock; stone lome) (petrifaction, petroglyph) phascolom- base wombat (phasco- petro- comb petroleum (petrodollars) lomian) petrosel- base parsley (petroseline) -phased- base kidney bean (phase- petuli- base petal (petuliform) olite) -peuce- base pine (peucedaneous) -phasia, -phasic, -phasis, -phasy -pexy comb fixation: surgical comb speech disorder (aphasia, (nephropexy) dysphasic, emphasis, aphasy) -phacell- base bundle (phacellate) -phasian- base pheasant (phasia- phaco- comb lens; lentil-shaped noid) (phacolytic). Also phako- (phako- phasm- base apparition (phasmo- cyst) phobia) -phaein, phaeo- comb dusky; gray; phat- base speak (phatic) muddwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comy brown (haemophaein, -phein- base dusky (hemophein). phaeophyl). Also pheo- (pheo- See phaeo- chrome) phello- comb cork (phellogen) -phaeno- base showing (phaenoga- -phemia, -phemy comb speech dis¬ mous). Also pheno- (phenocryst) order (paraphemia, heterophemy) -phage, phago-, -phagous, -phagy phenac-, phenakist- base imposter 1. comb eating destroying; (phenacite, phenakistoscope) 2. phagocyte (xylophage, phago¬ phenanthro- comb [chemistry] cytosis, xylophagous, anthropo¬ phenanthrene (phenanthroline) phagy) pheng(o)- base light; luster (phen- -phakia comb lens (microphakia). gite) Also phaco- (phacolytic) phenic- base purple (phenicine) -phalacr- base bald (phalacropho- pheno- 1. comb appearance (phe¬ bia) nomenon); 2. phenyl group (phe- phalacrocorac- base cormorant noxide) (phalacrocoracine) pheo- comb dusky; gray (pheo- -phalaen- base moth (phalaenoid) chrome). Also phaeo- (phaeophile) -phalang- base spider (phalangium) -pher comb bearing; carrying phall(o)- comb penis (phallocamp- (chronopher) sis) philatel- base postage stamp (phi¬ -phane, -phanic, -phany comb ap¬ latelic) pearance; resemblance (allophane, -phile, -philic, -philism, philo-, urophanic, epiphany) -philous comb favorably disposed -philia • -phyll 66 DICTIONARY

to; loving; liking (Anglophile, wall; fence (diaphragma, phrag- Francophilie, bibliophilism, mophorous) philology, photophilous) phraseo- comb phrase; verbal ex¬ -philia, -philiac 1. comb tendency pression (phraseology) toward (hemophilia, hemophil¬ -phrastic comb word choice (peri¬ iac); 2. abnormal attraction to phrastic) (coprophilia) -phrat- base clan (phratrie) philomel- base nightingale (philo- phreato- base well (phreatic) melian) -phrenia comb mental disorder philosophico- comb philosophical (schizophrenia) and (philosophico-historic) -phrenic, phrenico-, phreno- -phim- base narrow (phimosis) 1. comb diaphragm; midriff (gas- phlebo- comb vein (phlebotomy) trophrenic); 2. mental condition; -phloem- base tree bark (epi- mind (schizophrenic, phrenico- phloem) tomy, phrenogastric) phlog-, phlogo- comb inflammation phryno- comb toad (phryno- (phlogistic, phlogogenous) derma) phlye- base blister (phlyctenous) phthart- base destructive; deadly -phobe, -phobia, -phobic, phobo- (phthartic) comb fear; hatred; dread (Franco¬ phthino- comb wasting away; decay phobe, claustrophobia, ailuropho- (phthinoplasm) bic, phobophobia) -phthir- base louse (phthiro- phocowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- comb seal: sea mammal phagous). Also phthyr- (phocomelia) phthisi-, phthisio-, -phthisis, phoecaen- base porpoise (Phoe- -phthysis comb wasting away; caenoides) decay; tuberculosis (phthisiology, phcenicopt- base flamingo (phceni- phthisiogenesis, myelophthisis, copterous) panmyelophthysis) pholid- base scales (pholidosis) -phthong comb voice; sound (diph¬ -phone, phono-, -phony comb thong) sound; tone; speech; voice (mega¬ -phthor- base corruption (thelyph- phone, phonology, cacophony) thoric) phonetico- comb phonetic and -phyceae, -phyceous, phyco- comb (phonetico-grammatical) seaweed (Rhodophyceae, Rhodo- -phor, -phore, -phorous comb phyceous, phycology) bearer; producer (phosphor, car¬ -phygo- base shun; flee (phygo- pophore, gonophorous) galactic) phos- base light (phosphor) -phylactic, phylacto-, -phylax, phospho-, phosphoro- comb phos¬ -phylaxis comb protection; de¬ phorus (phosphoprotein, phos- fense; guard (prophylactic, phy- phoroscope) lactocarp, chartophylax, tachy- photo- 1. comb of light (photody- phylaxis) namics); 2. of photography (pho¬ -phyletic comb origin (mono- tomontage) phyletic) -phragma, phragmo- comb barrier; -phyll, phyllo-, -phyllous comb leaf DICTIONARY 67 phylo- • -plania

(sporophyll, phyllophagous, pil-, pili-, pilo- comb hair (depila¬ monophyllous) tory, piliform, piloerection) phylo- comb tribe; race; phylum -pile- base cap (pileolus) (phylogenesis) piloso- comb hairy (piloso-fimbri- phym-, -phyma comb tumor; ate) swelling; outgrowth (phymatosis, pimel-, pimelo- comb fat; fatty osteophyma) (pimelitis, pimelosis) -phyr- base mix; mingle (hauno- pin- base pine (pinaceous) phyr) -pinac- base tablet; slab (pinacoid). -phyre comb porphyritic rock Also -pinak- (pinakoid) (granophyre) -pingu- base fat (pinguescence) physa- base flatulence (physa- pinnati-, pinnato- comb like a gogue) feather; pinnately (pinnatifid, physali- comb bladder; bubble pinnato-pectinate) (physaliphore) pinni- comb fin; flipper (pinni- physc- base swelling; potbelly grade) (physcony) pino- comb drink (pinocytosis) physi-, physico-, physio- comb na¬ pio- comb fat (pioscope) ture natural; physical bodily -piper- base pepper ( piperic) (physitheism, physicochemical, -piq- base stinging; sharp (piquant) physiography) piri-, piro- comb pear (piriform, -physis comb growth (prophysis) piroplasmosis). See pyri- physowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- 1. comb tendency to swell pisci- comb fish (piscivorous) (physocele); 2. relating to air or pisi- comb pea (pisiform) gas (physometra); 3. bladder pist-, pisti- base faith (pistology, (physogastric) pistiology) -phyte, phyto- comb plant; flora; pithec-, -pithecus comb primate; vegetation (microphyte, phytoge- apelike (pithecoid, Australopithe¬ nesis) cus) -piceo- comb reddish-black (piceo- -pityr- base bran (pityriasis) ferruginous) -plac- base please; appease (placid¬ -pici- base woodpecker (piciform) ity) pico- comb one-trillionth placenti- comb placenta (placen- (picogram) tiform) picro- comb bitter (picroerythrin) placo- comb flat plate (placodermal) -pict- base paint (depiction) plag- base kidnap; seize (plagiarize) -piesis comb pressure (anisopiesis) plagio- comb slanting; oblique (pla- piezo- comb pressure; strain giotropic) (piezometer) -plaida comb [medicine] patch pigm- base paint; color (pigmenta¬ (leukoplakia) tion) -plang- base strike; beat (plangency) 1 -pign- base pledge; pawn; mortgage plani-, piano- comb level; plane; (impignorate) flat (planimeter, plano-concave) 2 -pigr- base slow; sluggish; slothful -plania, piano- comb wandering (impigrity) moving (uroplania, planogamete) -plant- • -pod 68 DICTIONARY

-plant- base sole of the foot (planti¬ plesio- comb near (plesiosaurus) grade) pless(i)- comb striking; percussion -plasia, -plasis comb development; (plessimeter) growth; change (hypoplasia, cata- plethys- comb increase; large num¬ plasis) ber (plethysmometry) -plasm, plasmo- comb fluid cell pleuro- 1. comb side: on or near substances of an animal or veg¬ (pleurodont); 2. pleura: of or near etable (endoplasm, plasmolysis) (pleurotomy); 3. pleural (pleurop- -plast, -plastic, plasto- comb neumonia) molded; formed (protoplast, pro¬ -plex comb network; folds; layers toplastic, plastotype) (cerviplex) -plasty 1. comb forming: act or -plexia comb stroke (apoplexia) means (genioplasty); 2. plastic plicato-, plici- comb folded (plicato- surgery: specific part of the body lobate, pliciform) (thoracoplasty); 3. plastic surgery: plinthi- comb brick; squared stone tissue from specified source (auto- (plinthiform) plasty); 4. plastic surgery: for a plio- see pleo- specific purpose (kineplasty) -ploid comb chromosones: of a plat-1 base flat (platen) specified multiple of (diploid) plat-2 base silver (plateresque) plor- base cry (ploration) platini-, platino- comb platinum plum-, plumi- comb feather (plantiniferous, platinocyanide) (plumage, plumiform) platywww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- comb broad; flat (platypus) plumb-, plumbo- comb lead plaustr- base cart; wagon (plaus- (plumbism, plumbocalcite) trary) pluri- comb several; many -pleb- base common people (pluriflorous) (plebiscite) pluto- comb wealth (plutocracy) pleco-, plecto- comb twist; twine; pluvial- base plover (pluvialine) plait (plecopteran, plectognath) pluvio- comb rain (pluviograph) -plegia, -plegy comb paralysis (para¬ -pnea, pneo- comb breath; respira¬ plegia) tion (dyspnea, pneograph) -pleisto- comb most (Pleistocene) pneum-, pneumato- 1. comb air plemyr- base flood-tide (plemyram- vapor (pneumatophore); eter). Also plemmir- (plemmirru- 2. breathing (pneumatometer); late) 3. spirits (pneumatology) -plen-, -pier-, -plet- base fill; full pneumo-, pneumono- comb lungs; (replenish, plerocercoid, com¬ air; gas (pneumobacillus, pneu- plete) monophorous) pleo-, pleon-, plio- comb more; in¬ pneusio- comb breathing (pneusio- creased (pleomorphic, pleonasm, biognosis) Pliosaurus. Also pleio- (pleomor- -pnig- base choke; suffocate (pnigo- phy) phobia) pleonec-, pleonex- base greed; -pocul- base drink; cup (poculi- avarice (pleonectic, pleonexia) form) -plero- base full (pleroma) -pod, -poda, -pode, podo-, -podous DICTIONARY 69 podic- • pothiri-

1. comb foot (pleopod, -pon-, -pos- base to place (oppo¬ Cephalopoda, pseudopode, nent, opposition) podomere, cephalopodous); -pond- base weight (ponderous) 2. having feet (tripod) ponero- comb evil; wicked podic- base rump (podical) (ponerology) -podium comb supporting part; pong- base gorilla; orangutan footstalk (monopodium) (pongid) poecilo- comb irregular; many-col¬ -ponic base cultivation (geoponic) ored (poecilomere). Also poicilo- pono-1 comb pain; fatigue (pono- pogon-, pogono- comb beard graph) (pogoniasis, pogonotrophy) pono-2 comb work (ponophobia) -poiesis, -poietic comb making; pont- base bridge (pontal) forming; producing (leukopoiesis, poplit- base back of knee (popliteal) onomatopoietic) -popul- base people (depopulate) poikilo- comb irregular; varied porcin- base pork (porcine) (poikiloderma) pori-, poro- comb pore; channel poimen- base pastoral (poimenic) (poriferous, porencephalia) poine- base punishment (poinepho- porno- comb harlot (pornography) bia) poroso- comb filled with pores polari- comb polar ( polar i-gut- (poroso-punctate) tulate) porphyro- comb purple (porphyro- -polem- base war (polemic) genite) poliowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- comb gray; gray matter(po- porrac- base leek; green (porra- liomyelitis) ceous) -polis comb city (metropolitan) -porrig- base dandruff (porrigi- politico- comb political (politico- nous) religious) -port- base carry (portable) pollaki- comb many times (pollaki- porto- comb portal; entrance (por- uria) tosystemic) pollic- base thumb (pollicate) portulac- base purslain (portula- pollin(i)- comb pollen (pollinosis) ceous) poly- 1. comb more than one (poly¬ -pos- see -pon- chromatic); 2. more than usual; poso- comb dose (posology) excessive (polyphagia); 3. many post- 1. pre after in time; following; kinds or parts (polymorphous) later (postgraduate); 2. after in polymorpho- comb multiform space; behind (postaxial) ( polymorphocellular ) postero- comb posterior; behind polyped- base frog (polypedatid) (postero-lateral) pomerid- base afternoon (pomerid- pot-, poto- comb drink (potable, ian) potomania) pomi-, porno- comb fruit; apple potamo- comb river (potamologist) (pomiform, pomology) -poten- base power; ability (impo- -pomp- 1. base release; sending tency) away (hypnopompic); 2. conduc¬ pothiri- base parasite (pothiriopho- tor; guide (psychopomp) bia) poticho- • proto- 70 DICTIONARY

poticho- comb porcelain ( poticho - privign- base stepchild (privignal) mania) pro-1 1. pre moving forward; mov¬ pov- base poor (impoverished) ing ahead of (proclivity); 2. forth -pragia comb a quality of action (produce); 3. substituting for; act¬ (bradypragia) ing for (pronoun); 4. defending; -prand- base dinner (postprandial) supporting (prolabor) 2 -pras- base leek-green (prasine) pro- pre before in place or time praso- comb leek (prasophagous) (prologue) -prat- base meadow (pratal) prob- base good; upright (probity) -prav- base crooked; wrong; bad -probosc- base long flexible snout (impravable) (proboscidiform) -praxia, -praxis comb movement; procac- base bully; insolent (proca- action (hyperpraxia, parapraxis) cious) pre- 1. pre before in time; earlier; procell- base storm (procellous) prior to (presuppose); 2. before in procellar- base albatross (procellar- place; anterior; in front of (preax- ine) ial); 3. before in rank; superior; procer- base tall; long (procerity) surpassing (preeminent); 4. in procto- comb rectum (proctology) preparation for (preschool). Also procyon- base raccoon (procyonine) prae- (praenomen) -prodit- base traitor (proditomania) -preca- base entreat; pray (impreca¬ -profund- base deep (profundiplan- tion) tar) precipwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- base steep; headlong prohib- base hold back; forbid (precipice) (prohibit) pred- base robbery (prédation) proli- comb offspring (proliferous) -prehend, -prehens- base hold; -proof 1. suf impervious to (water¬ seize (apprehend, apprehensive) proof); 2. protected against presby- comb old age (presbyacusis) (weatherproof); 3. as strong as presbyter- comb elder; priest (pres- (armorproof ); 4. resistive to; byteral) unaffected by (womanproof ) prêter- pre past; beyond; outside the proprio- comb one's own (proprio- bounds (preternatural) ceptor) pri-, prion- base a saw (priodont, pros- comb to; toward (prosody) prionodont) proso- comb forward; anterior prid- base yesterday (pridian) (prosopyle) prim-, primi-, primo- comb first; prosop(o)- comb face (prosopag- original; early (primacy, primi- nosia) gravida, primogenitor) prostato- comb of the prostate primaver- base spring (primaveral) (prostatectomy) princip- base chief; first; main proteo- comb protein (proteolysis) (principal) protero- comb earlier; before; for¬ prise- base ancient; primitive mer; anterior (proterogyny) (priscan) proterv- base stubborn; insolent -priv- base lack; absence (depriva¬ (protervity) tion) proto- 1. comb first in time; original DICTIONARY 71 protother- • -pugn-

(protocol); 2. first in importance; psychro- comb cold (psychrometer) principal; chief (protagonist); 3. psyll- base 1. snake charming (psyl- primitive (proto-Arabic); 4. lic); 2. flea (psylly) [chemistry] being that member of ptarm- base sneeze (ptarmic) a series of compounds having the pteno- comb feathered (ptenoglos- lowest proportion of the specified sate) element or radical; being the par¬ -pter, ptero- comb wing; wing- ent form of a specified substance shaped; feather; fin (hymenopter, (protoactinium) pterodactyl) protother- base platypus (Protothe- pterido- comb fern (pteridology) ria) ptern- base heel bone (pterna) prox-, proximo- comb near (prox- pterocl- base sand grouse (ptero- emics, proximocephalic) clid) prozym- base yeast (prozymite) pterono- comb wing; feather; fin -pruin- base frost (pruinose) (pteronophobia) -prur- base itch (pruritic) pterop- base bat (pteropine) -psalid- base shears; scissors (psali- pterophyll- base angelfish ( ptero - dodect) phyllous) psamm(o)- comb sand (psammo- -pterous, pterygo- comb wing; philous) wing-shaped; feather; fin (ho- -psar- 1. base speckled; 2. starling mopterous, pterygoblast) (psarolite) -pteryl- base feather (pterylosis) -pselapwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comh base grope (pselaphog- ptib- base wing (ptiboid) nath) ptilo- comb wing; soft feather psell- base stuttering (psellism) (ptilogenesis) pseph(o)- comb pebble; counterj ptis- base barley (ptisan) (psephology) ptocho- comb poor; beggar (pto- psett- base turbot (psettaceous) chocracy) pseudo- 1. comb fictitious; sham -ptosia, -ptosis comb falling; (pseudonym); 2. counterfeit; spu¬ drooping (phrenoptosia, rious (pseudepigrapha); 3. closely nephroptosis) similar or deceptively similar ptyal-, ptyalo- comb saliva (ptyala- (pseudomorph); 4. illusory gogue, ptyalogenic) (pseudacusis); 5. [chemistry] an -ptych- base folded (ptychodont) isomer or related form (pseudo- -ptysis base spitting (hemoptysis) cholinesterase) pubio-, pubo- comb pubic (pu- psil-, psilo- comb bare; smooth; biotomy, pubofemoral) mere (psilanthropy, psiloderma- -puden- base shame; modesty (im¬ tous) pudent) -psithur- base whisper (psithurism) -puer- base child (puerile) -psittac- base parrot; macaw; para¬ puerper- base childbirth (puer¬ keet (psittacoid) peral) psor- comb itch (psoriasis) pug- base attack; fight; fist (pugilis- psycho- comb mind; mental tic) processes (psychology) -pugn- base fight; oppose (impugn) -pul- • quadragen- 72 DICTIONARY

-pul- base push; drive (propulsion). pycno- comb thick; compact; dense Also -pel- (repel) (pycnometer). Also pykn(o)- pulchr- base beautiful (pulchritude) (pyknic) -puli- base flea (pulicosity) pyelo- comb pelvis; kidney (pyelo- pull- base chicken (pullet) cystitis) pullastr- base pigeon (pullastrine) -pygia, pygo- comb rump; buttocks pulmo-, pulmoni-, pulmono- (steatopygia, pygopod) 1. comb lung (pulmonate); 2. pul¬ pygm- base fist (pygmachy) monary (pulmocutaneous, pul- -pyle comb gate; aperture (mi- monigrade, pulmonogastropod) cropyle) -puis- base beating; knocking (pul¬ pylo- base gate; aperture (pylon) sation) pyloro- comb pylorus: stomach pulver- base dust; ash (pulverize) opening (pylorodiosis) -pulvin- base cushion (pulvinate) pyo- 1. comb pus (pyogenic); 2. sup- -pun-1 base punish (impunity) purative (pyosis) -pun-2 base purple (puniceous) pyreto-, -pyrexia comb fever (pyre- -punct-, pung- base point; sharp tology, eupyrexia) (punctiform, pungent) -pyrgo- base tower (pyrgocephalic) punctato- comb with points or dots -pyri- base pear (pyriform). Also (punctato-striate) piro- (piroplasm) pupa- base puppet (pupaphobia) pyrito- comb pyrites (pyritohedron) pupillo- com b pupil of the eye pyro- 1. comb fire; heat (pyroma- (pupillometerwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) nia); 2. [chemistry] a substance -pur- base pus (suppuration) derived from the specified sub¬ -purg- base cleanse (purgative) stance by or as if by the action of purpureo- comb [chemistry] purple heat (pryrogallol); 3. [geology] compounds (purpureo-cobaltic) formed by heat (pyroxenite) purulo- comb pus (purulo-gan¬ pyrrho- comb reddish (pyrrhoco- grenous) rax) pusill- base petty; very small (pusil¬ pyrrhul- base bullfinch; bunting lanimous) (pyrrhuline) pustulo- comb pimple (pustulocrus- pyrrhulox- base cardinal (pyrrhu- taceous) loxine) -put- base think (reputed) pytho- comb corrupt; decomposed putamin- base husk (putaminous) (pythogenesis ) putea- base a well (puteal) pyx- comb box (pyxidate) putre-, putri- comb rotten (putre¬ faction, putriform)

Q quadr- base four; fourfold; square quadragen- base forty (quadrage¬ (quadrangle) narian) DICTIONARY 73 quadrages- • ramul- quadrages- base forty (quadragesi¬ querc-, querci- comb oak (quercine, mal) quercivorous) quadrato- comb four fourfold querul- base complain (querulous- (quadratocubic) ness) quadri- base four; fourfold (quadri¬ quid- base nature; essence (quid¬ lateral) dity) quadricent- base four hundred quiesc- base quiet (quiescent) (quadricentennial) quin- base five; multiple of five quadru- base four; fourfold (quinary) (quadrumanous) quincent- base five hundred (quin- quaest- base gain; money-making centennial) (quaestuary) quindec(em)- base fifteen (quinde- quali- base characteristics; compe¬ cemvirate) tence (qualitative) quinquagen- base fifty (quinquage¬ quanti- comb amount; extent narian) (quantitative) quinquages- base fifty (quinquages- quart-, quarter-, quarti- base one- imal) fourth (quartile, quartering, quinque- comb five (quinquevalent) quartisect) quint-1, quinti- comb five; multiple quasi- comb seemingly; as if; resem¬ of five (quintuplets, quintilateral) bling (quasi-judicial) quint-2 comb one-fifth (quintile) quasswww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- base shake; beat (quassation) -quire, -quiry comb seek; search for quat-, quater-, quatr- comb four (require, inquiry) (quatrain, quaternion, quatrefoil) -quis- base seek; search for (inquisi¬ quattuordec- base fourteen (quat- tion) tuordecillion) quot- base how many (quotient) -quer- base complain (querimo- quotid- base daily (quotidian) nious)

R

-racem- base cluster (racemiform) radio- 1. comb ray; raylike (radio- rachi-, rachio- comb relating to the larian); 2. by radio (ra- spine (rachicentesis, rachiometer). diotelegram); 3. [anatomy] radius See -rrhachia and (radiobicipital); 4. [medicine] -rad- base ray; rod; spoke (irradi¬ by radiant energy (radiotherapy); ate) 5. [physics] radioactive (radiotho- radiato- comb ray-like (radiato-stri- rium) ate) rami- comb branch (ramification) radici- comb root (radicicolous) ramoso- comb protuberance radiculo comb radicle; rootlike part ( ramoso -palmate ) ( radiculoganglionitis ) ramul- base twig (ramulose) rani- • -rhopo- 74 DICTIONARY rani- com b frog (raniverous) reticulato-, reticulo- comb net; net¬ rap- base snatch; seize (rapture) work (reticulato-venose, reticulo- -raphan- base radish (raphania) ramose) raptor- base falcon (raptorial) retino- comb of the retina (retino- rat- base emu; ostrich (ratite) schisis) -rater comb specified rate or class retro- comb backward; back; behind (second-rater) (retroflex) -ratio- base reasoning; thought (ir¬ rhabdo- comb rod; wand (rhabdo- rational) coele) re- 1. pre back (restore); 2. again; -rhachia see -rrhachia anew (retell) -rhag- base grape (rhagite) recti- comb straight; right (rectiros- -rhage see -rrhage tral) -rhamn- base buckthorn (rham- recto- comb rectal (rectoscope) neous) recurvo- comb bent back (recurvo- rhampho- comb beak (rhampho- ternate) theca) -red suf condition; state (hatred) -rhaphy see -rrhaphy regin- base queen (reginal) -rhaps- base stitch; poem (rhap¬ -regn- base royal; ruling (interreg¬ sody) num) -rhea see -rrhea regul- base standard pattern (regu¬ rhegma- comb fracture; break lations) (rhegmatogenous) -rel sufwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com diminutive (wastrel) rhema- base word; verb (rhematic) religio- comb religion (religio-edu- rheo- comb flow; current (rheo- cational) scope) relinq- base leave; jilt; abandon (re¬ rhet- base say; speak (rhetorical) linquish) -rheum- base flow; stream reliq- base remains; relic (reliquary) (rheumatic) -reme, -remi- base oar (trireme, -rhexis see -rrhexis remiform) rhigo- comb cold; frost (rhigosis) reni-, reno- comb kidney (reniform, rhino- comb nose (rhinology) renovascular) rhipi-, rhipido- comb fan (rhipi- rep- base snatch; seize (surrepti¬ date, rhipidoglossate) tious) rhizo- comb root (rhizomorph). See repando- comb bent back (repando- -(r)rhiza dentate) rhodo- comb rose; rose-red (rhodo¬ -rept- base creep; crawl (reptation) lite) reptil- base reptile (reptilian) -rhoeica see -rrhoeica repud- base jilt; reject (repudiate) rhombo- comb rhombus (rhombo- resino- comb resin (resino-vitreous) hedral) respirato- comb respiratory (respi- -rhonch- base snoring (rhonchal) rato-prehensory) -rhopal- base club; cudgel (rhopalo- -resti- base cord; cordlike (resti- cerous) form) -rhopo- base petty; restricted (rho- reti- base net (retiform) pography) DICTIONARY 75 rhyncho- • rypo- rhyncho- comb snout; beak (rhyn- discharge; excessive flow (hemor¬ chophore). See -rrhyncha rhage, menorrhagia) rhyparo-, rhypo- comb dirt; filth -rrhaphy comb suture (cystorrha- (rhyparographer, rhypophagy). phy) Also rypo- (rypophagy) -rrhea comb flow; discharge (diar¬ rhyti- comb wrinkle (rhytidectomy) rhea). Also -rrhœa (diarrhoea). See -ric comb jurisdiction; realm (bish¬ rheo- opric) -rrhexis comb rupture; bursting ricinol- comb castor oil (ricino- (myorrhexis). See rhegma- lamide) rrhexo- base pinch (rrhexophobia) -ridden comb obsessed or burdened -rrhiza comb root (mycorrhiza). See with (guilt-ridden) rhizo- -rig- base wet (rigation) -rrhoeica comb flow (seborrhoeica) rigesc- base stiff; rigid (rigescence) -rrhyncha comb snout; beak -rim- base opening; crack (rimose) (oxyrryncha). See rhyncho- -rip- base river; water (riparian) -rub- base red (rubescent) -ris- base laugh (risible) rubig- base rust (rubiginous) riv- base fishing (riviation) -ruct- base belch; emit (eructation) -rix- base quarrel (rixation) -rud- base rough; elementary (rudi¬ rizi- base rice (riziform) ments) -robor- base strength (roborant) ruder- base stone fragments; rub¬ ble; rubbish (ruderal) roentgeno- comb X-rays (roentgen- www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comrufi-, rufo- comb red (ruficaudate, ology) -rog- base ask; question (interro¬ rufo-fulvous) gate) -rug- base wrinkle (erugate) Romano- comb Roman and (Ro- rune- base weed (runcation) mano-Lombardic) runcin- base saw-toothed (runci- romantico- comb romantic (roman- nate) tico-heroic) runo- comb rune (runographic) -ror- base dew (roriferous) rupes-, rupic- base rock (rupes- trine, rupicolous) roseo- comb [chemistry] reddish rupicap- base chamois (rupi- salts (roseo-cobaltic) caprine) >.-rostell- base snout; radicle (rastel- rupo- base filth (rupophobia). See liform) rhypo- rostrato-, rostri-, rostro- comb -rupt- base burst; break (disruption) beak (rostrato-nariform, rostri- rur- base the country (rural) form, rostrocarinate) Russo- 1. comb Russia (Russophobe); rot-, roti- comb turn; wheel (rota¬ 2. Russian and (Russo-Japanese) tion, rotiform) rut- base rue (rutaceous) rotundi-, rotundo- comb round -rutil- base shining; reddish (ruti¬ (rotundifoliate, rotundo-tetrago- lant) nal) -ry see -ery -rrhachia comb spine (glycor- rypo- base filth(rypophagy) . Also rhachia). See rachio- rupo- -rrhage, -rrhagia comb abnormal -s • -scel- 76 DICTIONARY

-s suf plural ending (dogs) sapon-, saponi- comb soap (sapona¬ sabul- base sand; grit (sabulosity) ceous, saponification) saburr- base sand (saburration) sapor- base taste ( saporific) -sacc- base pouch; bag; cyst (saccu- sapro- comb [biology] dead; putre¬ lation) fying; decaying (saprogenic) saccharo- 1. comb sugar (saccha- -sarc-, sarco- comb flesh; tissue (ec- rometer); 2. saccharin and (sac- tosarc, sarcology) charo-mucilaginous) sarcin- base bundle (sarcina) sacerdot- base priest (sacerdotal) -sarmass- base loveplay (sarmassa- -sacr- base holy; set apart (sacra¬ tion) ment) sarment- base stem (sarmenta- sacro- 1. comb the sacrum (sacroil- ceous) iac); 2. sacral and (sacrovertebral) sartor- base tailor (sartorial) safran- base yellow (saffranin) sativ- base sown; planted (sativous) -sagitt- base arrow (sagittate) sator- base sow (satorious) -salebr- base rough; uneven (sale- sauciat- base wound (sauciate) brosity) -saur, sauro-, -saurus comb lizard -sali- base salt (desalination) (dinosaur, sauropod, icthyo- -salie- base willow (salicaceous) saurus) salinowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- comb salt and (salinosul- sax-, saxi- comb rock; stone (sax- phureous) atile, saxicoline) salmoni- base salmon (salmoni- scabi- base itch (scabiosity) form) scaev- base leftsided; unlucky salpingo- 1. comb of a fallopian tube (scaevity) (salpingotomy); 2. of a eustachian -seal- base climb; ladder (escala¬ tube (salpingitis) tion) sais- base sait (salsamentarious) -scalpri- base chisel (scalpriform) -salta- base leap; dance (saltatory) -scan- base climb (scansorial) saltu- base woods (saltuary) -scape comb view; scenery -salub- base healthy (salubrious) (seascape) -salv- base save (salvage) scapho- comb boat-shaped (scaph¬ -san- base health; healing (unsani¬ oid) tary) scapi- comb stalk; shaft (scapiform) sanct-, sancti- comb holy (sanctu¬ scapuli-, scapulo- comb scapula ary, sancticolist) and; shoulder blade (scapuli- sangui-, sanguineo-, sanguino- mancy, scapuloclavicular) comb blood (sanguicolous, san- scarab- base beetle (scaraboid) guineo-vascular, sanguino-puru- scato- comb excrement; feces (scat- lent) ology) sanguisug- base leech (sanguisug- scatur- base spring of water (sca- ous) turient) -sapien- base wise (sapiently) -seel- base leg (isosceles) DICTIONARY 77 sceler- • sela- sceler- base wicked (scelerous) scopul- base crag; cliff (scopulous) -scelia comb [medicine] condition -scorb- base scurvy (scorbutigenic) of the legs (macroscelia) -scoria- base slag (scoriaceous) -schem- base appearance; form -scoro- base garlic (scorodite) (schematism) -scort- base fornication; harlot schisto- comb split; cleft (schisto- (scortatory) cephalus) Scoto- comb Scottish and (Scoto- schizo- comb split; cleavage; divi¬ Irish) sion (schizocarp) scoto- base darkness; dimness -schœno- base rope (schoenobatic) (scotophobia) schol- base school (scholar) -scrib-, -script- base write (scrib¬ -sci- base know (omniscient) bler, manuscript) -scia- base shadow (macroscian). -scrobic- base furrowed; pitted Also scio- (sciomancy). See skia- (scrobiculous) -scintill- base spark (scintillation) -scrot- base scrotum; testicular sac -scio-1 base shadow (sciomancy). (scrotocele) Also -scia- (macroscian) -scrut- base examine; search (scru¬ scio-2 comb knowledge (sciolism) tinize) sciss- base cut; divide (scission) -scut- base shield; scale (scutiform) -sciur- base squirrel; marmot (sci- scutel- base dish (scutelliform) urine) . scyphi-, scypho- comb cup; sclero- 1. comb hard (sclerometer); [botany] cup-shaped part (scyphi- 2www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com. of the sciera (sclerotomy) form, scyphomancy) -scob- base sawdust (scobiform) Scytho- comb Scythian and scoleci-, scoleco- comb worm (Scytho- Aryan) (scoleciform, scolecobrotic) se- pre away from (seclude) scoli(o)- comb bent; crooked (scoli- -seb- base tallow; grease (sebaceous) osis) sebo- comb sebum; suetlike; tallow scolo- comb spike (scolophore) (seborrhea) scolopac- base snipe; woodcock -sec-, -sect- base cut (secant, inter¬ (scolopacine) section) scolopendri- base centipede -secul- base worldly; temporal (sec¬ ( scolopendriform ) ularize) scombr- base mackerel (scombroid) securi- comb ax; hatchet (securi¬ scopa-, scopi- base twigs; broom; form) brush (scoparious, scopiform) -secut- base follow (consecutive). -scope, -scopic, scopo-, -scopy See -seq- comb sight; observation; examina¬ -sed- base sit (sedentary) tion (telescope, microscopic, sedat- base allay; calm (sedation) scopophilia, bioscopy) sedecim- base sixteen (sedecimal) scopeli- base bony fish; Scopelidae segn- base sloth; sluggishness (seg- (scopeliform) nity) scophthalm- base turbot (scoph- seismo- comb earthquake (seismo¬ thalmus) graph) scopi- base twig; broom (scopiform) sela- comb flash (selaphobia) selach- • -ship 78 DICTIONARY selach- base shark (selachoid) septuagint- base seventy (septuag- seleno- comb moon (selenography) intal) self- comb oneself (self-denial) sepul- base grave; tomb; burial sema-, -seme, semeio-, semio- (sepulcher) comb sign; signal; symbol; index; -seq- base follow (consequence). See symptom (semaphore, micro- -secut- seme, semeiology, semiotics) -ser- base bar; bolt (reseration) semi- 1. prehalf (semidiameter); Serbo- comb Serbia (Serbo-Croa¬ 2. partly; imperfectly (semicivi- tian) lized); 3. twice per (semi¬ seri-, sericeo-, serico- comb silk annual) (serigraph, sericeo-tomentose, semin- base seedbed (seminal) sericostoma) semper- base always (semper- serio- comb partly serious (serio¬ vivum) comic) -sen- base old (seniority) sero- comb serum (serology) seni- base six (senary) serot- base late in occurrence or de¬ -sens-, -sent- base feel (sensitive, velopment (serotine) sentimental) serpen- base snake (serpentine) sensori- comb pertaining to the serrato- comb saw-toothed (serrato- senses or to sensations (sensori- crennate) motor) serri- comb [entomology/zoology] a -sepalous comb having a specific saw (serrirostrate) kinwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comd or number of sepals (trisepa- serv- base slave (servitude) lous) -serve comb keep; attend to (reser¬ sepi- base cuttlefish (sepiacean) vation) sept- base seven (September) sesqui- comb one and one half septem- comb seven (septempartite) (sesquicentennial) septen- base north (septentrion) sesquipedal- base long words septendecim- base seventeen (sep- (sesquipedalophobia) tendecimal) -sess- base sit; perch (insessorial) septi-1 comb seven (septilateral) setaceo- comb bristles and (setaceo- septi-2, septico- comb decomposed; rostrate) vitiated (septicemia, septico- seti- base bristle (setiferous) pyaemia) sexagen- base sixty (sexagenarian) septim- base seventh (septimal) sexages- base sixty (sexagesimal) septingenti- base seven hundred sexcent- base six hundred (sexcen¬ ( septingentenary ) tenary) septo-1 comb decomposed; vitiated sexi- comb six (sexipolar) (septogenic) sext- comb sixth (sextant) septo-2 comb dividing wall (septo- sexti- comb six (sextisection) cephalic) she- comb female (she-bear) septuagen- base seventy (septuage¬ -ship 1. suf quality; condition; state narian) of (friendship); 2. rank; office; septuages- base seventy (septagesi- status (kingship); 3. ability; skill mal) (leadership); 4. collective: all DICTIONARY 79 -siagon- • -some

individuals of a specified class sinuato-, sinuoso- comb wavy; un¬ (readership) even (sinuato-dentate, simuoso- -siagon- base jawbone (siagonology) lobate) sial-1 base saliva (sialorrhea) -sion see -ion sial-2 base bluebird (Sialia) siphoni-, siphono- comb tube; pipe -sibil- base hiss; whistle (sibilant) (siphoniform, siphonostele) sica- base knife; dagger (sicarian) -sis suf action; condition (stasis) -sice- base dry (desiccate) -siti- base thirst (insitiency) Siculo- cqmb Sicilian (Siculo-Punic) -sitia, sitio-, sito- comb food; eat¬ -sid- base inhere; sit in (insident) ing; appetite (asitia, sitiophobia, -sidere comb star (hagiosidere) sitology) sidero-1 comb iron (siderolite) sitt- base nuthatch (sittine) sidero-2 comb star (siderostat) situ- base located; inherent (situa¬ siderodromo- comb railroad tion) ( siderodromophobia) -size, -sized comb having a specified -sigil- base seal; signet (sigillation) size (life-size, small-sized) siliceo-, silici-, silico- comb [chem¬ skeleto- comb skeleton (skeleto- istry] silica: containing or relating trophic) to (siliceo-calcareous, siliciferous, -skeuo- base vessel; utensil (skeuo- silico-alkaline) morphic) silig- base winter wheat (siliginous) skia- comb shadow (skiascopy). See siliqu- base pod (siliquiferous) scia- -silurwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- base catfish (silurid) Slavo- comb Slav (Slavophile) Siluro- comb Silurian (Siluro-Cam- smaragd- base emerald (smarag- brian) dine) silvi- comb tree; forest (silviculture) socer- base father-in-law (socera- sim- base ape; chimp (simian) phobia) -simil- base like; resembling (dis¬ socio- comb society; social (sociobi- similarity) ological) -simo- base snub-nosed (simo- sodio- comb sodium (sodio-hydric) saurus) -soever comb any of those possi¬ -simul- 1. base at the same time (si¬ ble (whosoever) multaneous); 2. feign; pretend sol- comb sun (solarium) (simulate) solen-, soleno- base [zoology] sinap- base mustard (sinapism) channel; pipe (solenite, soleno- sindon- base shroud (sindonology) glypha) singult- base hiccup; sob (singul- soli- comb alone (solitude) tous, singultient) -solu-, -solv- base melt; dissolve sinistro- comb left: of, at, using (soluble, solvant) (sinistro-cerebral) -soma comb [zoology] names of sino- comb sinus (sinorespiratory) genera (Schistosoma) Sino- comb Chinese: people/lan¬ somato- comb body (somatology) guage (Sinology) -some1 comb body (chromosome) -sinu- base bending; winding (in¬ -some2 sw/like; tending to be (tire¬ sinuate) some) -some • spicul- 80 DICTIONARY

-some3 suf number: in a specified ( spectro-heliogram); 3. mirror (threesome) (spectrophobia) somni- comb sleep (somniferous) speleo-, spelunc- base cave (spele¬ son-, soni-, sono-, sonoro- comb ologist, speluncar) sound (sonancy, soniferous, sono- sper- base hope (sperable) gram, sonoro-sibilant) -sperg-, -spers- base sprinkle (in- -sophy comb knowledge; thought sperge, inspersion) (philosophy) -sperm, sperma-, -spermal, sper- -sopor- base sleep (soporific) matio-, spermato, spermi-, - -sor- base heap (sorotrochous) spermic, spermo-, -spermous -sorb-1 base soak up (absorbent) comb seed; germ; beginning (gym- -sorb-2 base mountain ash (sorbic) nosperm, spermaphore, gymno- -sord- base dirt; filth (insordescent) spermal, spermatiogenous, soric- base shrew (soricine) spermatocyte, spermiducal, endo- -soror- base sister (sorority) spermic, spermogonium, mono- -sote comb preserver (creosote) spermous) -soter- base salvation (soteriology) sphacel- base gangrene (sphacelo- spad- base brown (spadiceous) derma) spadici- comb succulent spike -sphagn- base moss (sphagnologist) (spadicifloral) -sphair- base tennis (sphairistic) spano- comb scarce (spanopnea) -sphal- base error (sphalma) sparasso-, sparax- comb laceration; -sphec- base wasp; hornet (sphecoid) tearinwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comg (sparassodont, sparaxis) sphenisc- base penguin (sphenis- sparg- base sprinkle; scatter can) (spargefication) spheno- 1. comb wedge-shaped spasmo- comb spasm; contraction (sphenogram); 2. sphenoid bone (spasmolysis) (sphenoccipital) spathi- base spatula; broad blade -sphere, spherico-, sphero- comb (spathiform) sphere (stratosphere, spherico- spatilo- comb excrement (spatilo- cylindrical, spherocyte). Also mancy) sphaero- (sphaeroblast) spatul- base shoulder (spatula- -sphingo- base bound tightly mancy) (sphingometer) spatuli- comb spatula (spatuliform) -sphrag- base seal; signet (sphragis- -spec(t)-, -spic- base look; see tic) (spectator, conspicuous) sphygmo- comb pulse (sphygmo- -specific comb applied or limited to graph) the particular item named (cul¬ sphyr- base hammer (sphyrelaton) ture-specific) sphyraen- base barracuda specio- comb specific (specio- (sphyraenoid) graphic) sphyrn- base shark (Sphyrna) spectr- base ghost (spectral) -spici- base ear of corn (spiciferous) spectro- 1. comb radiant energy as spicul-, spiculi-, spiculo- comb exhibited in a spectrum (spectro¬ spiky; pointed (spicular, spiculif- gram); 2. of/by a spectroscope erous, spiculofibrous) DICTIONARY 81 -spil- • stern-

-spil- base spot; speck (spilosite) -stalac(ti)-, -stalag- base dropping; spini-, spino-, spinoso-, spinuloso- dripping (stalactite, stalagmite) comb spine (spini-acute, spino- stamini- comb stamen (staminifer- cerebellaiv spinoso-dentate, ous) spinuloso-serrate) -stann- base tin (stanniferous) -spinthar- base spark -stap- base stirrup; stapes (stape- (spinthariscope) dectomy) spiri- comb coil; spiral (spiriform) staphylo- 1. comb uvula; grapelike spiro-1 comb respiration; breath (staphylorrhaphy); 2. staphylococ- (spirograph) cus (staphylodermatitis) spiro-2 comb spiral; coil (spirochete) stasi-, -stasis comb standing still; -spiss- base thick; dense (inspissa- balance; arrest; halt (stasimetry, tion) phlebostasis) -splachn- base moss (splachnoid) -stat comb scientific instrument splanchno- comb viscera (splanch- (thermostat) nology) stato- comb stationary; stabilized splenico-, splen(o)- comb spleen (statocyst) (splenico-phrenic, splenocele) stauro- comb cross (staurophobia) spodo- base ashes (spodogenous) -stead comb place (homestead) spondylo- comb vertebra (spondyli- stearo-, steato- comb fatty sub¬ tis) stance (stearoglucose, steato- spongi-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, spongio-, spongo- comb pygia) sponge-like (spongiculture, spon- -stegano- base covered (stegano- giocyte, spongolith) podous) spor- base scatter (sporadic) stegno- comb constriction (theco- -spore, spori-, sporo-, -sporous stegnosis) 1. comb spore; seed (teliospore, stego- comb covered; closed (stego- sporiferous, sporocarp); 2. specific saur) number/kind of spores (mono- -stell- base star (interstellar) sporous) stellio- base lizard (stellion) -spurn- base foam; froth (spumes- -sterna- base filament (stemapod) cence) sten(o)- comb small; thin; narrow; -spurc- base dirty; foul (spurcity) abbreviated (stenographer) -squal- base shark (squaloid) step- comb relationship not by squamato-, squamo-, squamoso-, blood (stepfather) squaroso- comb squama; scalelike -ster 1. suf person who is/does/ (squamato-granulous, squamo- creates (punster); 2. person as¬ cellular, squamoso-dentated, sociated with (gangster) squaroso-laciniate) stereo- comb dung; feces (stercora- stabil- base lasting; fixed (stability) ceous) -stact- base drop (stactometer) stereo- comb three-dimensional; -stagm- base drop (stagmoid) solid (stereoscope) -stagn- base pool (stagnicolous) -sterigm- base prop; support -stal- base motion; contraction (sterigmatic) (peristalsis) stern- base tern (sternine) sterno- • strum- 82 DICTIONARY sterno- comb sternum and; breast¬ -strab-, strabism- base squinting bone (sternoclavicular) (strabotomy, strabismometer) -sternut- base sneeze (sternutation) -stragul- base covering (stragulum) -sterquil- base dunghill (sterquilin- -strain comb restrict; bind (con¬ ious) strain) -stert- base snore (stertorous) -stramin- base straw (stramineous) stetho- comb chest; breast (stetho¬ -strat- base a general; an army scope) (strategic) -sthenia, sthen(o)- comb strength; strati-, strato- comb layer; stratum force; power (hypersthenia, hypo- (stratification, stratosphere) sthenuria) -stren- base difficult (strenuous) stibio- comb [chemistry] black anti¬ strep-, strepi- base noisy (ob¬ mony (stibiotrimethyl) streperous, strepitous) stibo- comb footprint (stibogram) strepho-, strepsi-, strepto- comb -stichia, sticho-, -stichous comb turned; twisted (strephosymbolia, row; line; verse (tristichia, sti- strepsipterous, streptococcal) chometry, tristichous) -stress suf female (seamstress) -stict- base spotted (laparostict) stria-, striato-, strio- comb furrow; -stig- base a point; to punctuate; to groove (striaform, striatocrenu- goad; stimulate (instigate) late, striomuscular) -stigm- base mark; point; dot; -strict comb tightly drawn; limited puncture; tattoo (stigmatized) (restriction) stignowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- comb writing (stignomancy) -strid-, stridul- base creak; harsh -still- base drop (stillatitious) noise (strident, stridulation) -stilpno- base glittering (stilpnome- -strig- base furrow; channel (stri- lane) gated) -stip-1 base stalk; support (stipitate) strigi- base owl (strigiform) -stip-2 base press together; pack -string- base constricted (astringent) (constipation) -strob- base twisting; spinning -stiri- base icicle (stiriated) (strobilation) -stirp- base stem; stock (exstirpate) strobil- base pine cone (strobili- -stoch- base guess (stochastic) form) -stoicheio- base element (sto- -strom- base fibrous structure (stro- icheiometry) matiform) stomato-, -stome, -stomous comb -stromb- base spiral; twisted [medicine/botany] mouth (stom- (strombiform) atalgia, cyclostome, megasto- stromboli- base top (strombo- mous) liform) -stomy comb surgical opening into strongyl- base round (strongylate) (colostomy) -stroph- base turn; twist (strophi- stone- comb very; completely ole) (stone-broke) struct- comb arrange; put together -storgy base affection (philostorgy) (constructive) -stori- base tales; legends (storiol- strum-, strumi- base goiter; swollen gland (strumitis, strumiferous) DICTIONARY 83 -struma- • sura-

-struma- base tumor (strumectomy) subter- pre below; under; less than; -struthio- base ostrich (struthious) secretly (subterfuge) -stult- base foolish (stultiloquy) -subul- base awl (subuliform) -stup- base senseless (stupefaction) sue- base juice (succulent) stupr- base fornicate; rape -succino- comb amber (succino-sul¬ (stuprate) phuric) -sturim- base sturgeon (sturionic) sucr- base sugar (sucrose) -sturn- base starling; swallow (stur- sud-, sudori- comb sweat; perspira¬ nine) tion (sudatory, sudorific) styg- base hellish (Stygian) -suet- base custom (conseutude) styl- base pen (styliform) suffrag- base voting (suffragette) stylo-1 1. comb pointed; sharp (sty¬ -suge base suck (potisuge) lograph); 2. styloid: bony process sui- base oneself (suicide) (stylohyoid) sui-, suid- base pig; boar (suilline, 2 stylo- comb column; pillar ( stylo- suidian) lite) sulc- base groove (sulcus) -stypt- base astringent (stypticity) sulcato- comb furrowed; grooved; -suad-, -suas- base urge (dissuade, cleft (sulcato-areolate) persuasion) sulfato- comb sulfate (sulfatidates). suav- base sweet (suaveolent) Also sulphato- (sulphato-acetic) sub- 1. pre under; below (subma¬ sulfo- comb sulfur; sulfonate sul- rine); 2. lower in rank; inferior to fonic acid (sulfocyanogen). Also (subaltern)www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com; 3. to a lesser degree; sulpho- (sulpho-indigotic) slightly (subtropical); 4. division sulfureo comb sulfureous (sulfureo- (sublet); 5. [chemistry] less than nitrous) the normal amount of ; basic super- 1. pre over; above; on top (subchloride); 6. [mathematics] (superstructure); 2. higher in ratio inverse to a given ratio rank/position; superior to (super¬ (subduplicate). NOTE: sub- can intendent); 3. greater in quality/ change to: su- (suspect); suc- amount/degree; surpassing (su¬ (succeed); suf-(suffocate); sug- perabundance); 4. greater or bet¬ (suggest); sum- (summon); sup- ter (supermarket); 5. greater than support); sur- (surrogate); sus- normal (supersaturate); 6. extra; (suspend) additional (supertax); 7. to a sec¬ subagit- base sexual intercourse ondary degree (superparasite); (subagitation) 8. [chemistry] large amount of -suber- base cork (suberose) (superphosphate) subero- comb suberic acid (subero- supero- comb [anatomy] on the pyroxylic) upper side (supero-dorsal) subig- base knead (subigate) supin- base lying down (supine) subit- base sudden; hasty (subita- supra- pre above; over; beyond neous) (supraliminal) subsesqui- pre [chemistry] ele¬ sur- pre over; upon; above; beyond ments combined in the propor¬ (surface) tion of 2 to 3 (subsesquiacetate) sura- base calf of the leg (sural) surcul- • tax- 84 DICTIONARY surcul- base grafting; twig (surcu- (syzygy); syl- (syllogism); sym- lose) (symbiosis); sys- (system) -surd- base deaf (surdity) synchro- comb synchronized (syn- -surg- base rise (resurgent) chromesh) -susurr- base whisper; murmur (in- syndesmo- comb ligament; binding susurration) together (syndesmoplasty) -sutil- base stitch; sew (inconsutile) -synœc- base community (syncecol- -syc- base fig (sycoma) ogy) -sychno- base many (sychnocar- syphili-, syphilo- comb siphylis pous) (syphilitic, syphilophobia) symmetr- base symmetry (asym- -syr- base reed; pipe; tube (syringe) mertrical) syringo- comb tube-shaped cavity symphyo- comb growing together (syringocarcinoma) (symphyogenesis) Syro- comb Syrian and (Syro-Ara- syn- pre with; together; at the same bian) time; by means of (synagogue). -syrt- base quicksand (syrtic) NOTE: syn- can change to: sy-

www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com -tab- base emaciated; wasted away -taph, tapho-, taphro- comb tomb; (tabescent) pit (cenotaph, taphophobia, taban- base horsefly (tabanid) taphrenchyma) tabell- base tablet; ballot (tabellary) tapin- base contagious (tapinopho- tacho- comb speed (tachometer) bia) tachy- comb rapid; swift; fast -tapino- base low (tapinocephalic) (tachycardia) -tard- base slow; delay (retardation) tacit- base quiet (taciturn) tarso- 1. comb instep (tarso-meta- -tact- base touch (contact) tarsus); 2. eyelid cartilage ( tarso - -tactic, -tactous comb order; ar¬ plasty) rangement (heterotactous, syntac¬ tartr(o)- comb tartar; tartaric acid tic) ( tar tr omethylates ) taeni-, taenio- comb ribbon or -taseo-, -tasi- base tension band; tapeworm (taeniafuge, tae- (taseometer, tasimetric) niosomous). Also teni- (teniacide) tauri-, tauro- 1. comb of/like a bull -tain comb hold (maintain). See (tauricide, tauromachy); -ten- 2. [chemistry] taurine (tauro- tali-, talo- comb ankle (taligrade, cholate) talocalcaneal) taurotrag- base eland (taurotragus) talpi- base mole (talpicide) tauto- comb the same; identical -tang- base touch (intangible) (tautology) tantalo- base tease (tantalize) tax- base yew (taxaceous) DICTIONARY 85 taxi- • tetracyclo- taxi-, -taxia, -taxis, taxo-, -taxy tensio- comb stretch; strain (ten- comb arrangement; order (taxi¬ siometer) dermy, heterotaxia, parataxis, tax¬ tentaculi- comb tentacle (tentaculi- onomy, homotaxy) form) techno-, -techny 1. comb art; sci¬ tentig- base bore; penetrate (tentig- ence; skill (technocracy); 2. tech¬ inous) nical; technological (technochem- tenui- comb slender; thin; narrow istry, pyrotechny) (tenuifolious) tecno- comb child (tecnonymy) tephro- 1. comb ashes (tephro- -tect- base roof; cover (tectiform) mancy); 2. gray (tephroite) -teen suf ten and numbers: cardinal ter- comb thrice (tercentennial) (sixteen) tera- comb one trillion (terahertz) teg-, tegu- base cover (tegmental, terato- comb monster; monstrosity tegument) (teratology) tegul- base tile (tegular) terebinth- base turpentine (tere- -teicho- base wall (teichopsia) binthinate) tek- base child (ateknia) terebr- base bore; penetrate (tere- tel- base dart (teliferous) bration) tele- 1. comb at a distance; far (tele¬ tered- base worm (teredines) graph); 2. television (telecast) tereti-, tereto- comb rounded teleo-, telo- comb end; purpose; (tereticaudate, teretosetaceous) final stage (teleology, telophase) tergi-, tergo- comb the back (ter¬ tellurwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- base earth (intratelluric) giversation, tergolateral) -telmat- base a bog (telamatology) -termin- base end; limit (termina¬ -temerat- base violate (internerate) tion) temno- comb cut (temnospondy- termit- base termite (termitopha- lous) gous) -temp- base regulate; mix (tem¬ -tern- base three; triple (ternion) perament) -terr- base earth (territorial) -tempor- base time (contemporary) -tert- base third (tertiary) temporo- comb temple of the head tessera- comb four (tesseraglot) (temporo-maxillary) tesseradeca- comb fourteen (tesser- -temul- base drunkenness (temu- adecasyllabon) lency) testae- base reddish-brown (testa¬ -ten- base hold (tenacious). See ceous) -tain testaceo- comb shell (testaceology) tend- base stretch (distend) testud- base turtle (testudinal) -tene comb [biology] ribbon-shaped tetano- comb tetanus stiff (pachytene) (tetanospasmin) -tenebr- base darkness (tenebrosity) tetarto- comb one fourth (tetarto- -teni- base tapeworm; ribbon-like hedral) (teniacide). Also taeni(i)- (taenii- tetra- comb four (tetragamy) phobia) tetracydo- comb with four circles; teno-, tenonto- comb tendon (teno- with four atomic rings (tetracy- tomy, tenontodynia) cline) tetradeca- • -thylac- 86 DICTIONARY tetradeca- comb fourteen (tetrade- -there, therio-, thero- 1. comb ex¬ capod). Also tetrakaideca- (tetra- tinct mammalian form (megath- kaidecahedron) ere); 2. beast (theriomorphic, tetrakis- comb four times (tetrakis- theropod) dodecahedron) -therm, thermo-, -thermy comb tetraon- base grouse; ptarmigan heat; hot (isotherm, thermody¬ (tetraonid) namics, diathermy) tetrazo- [chemistry] 1. comb com¬ -thesis, -thetic comb set; put; place pound with 4 atoms of nitrogen (hypothesis, antithetic) (tetrazone); 2. presence of four -thesmo- base law (thesmothete) azo groups (tetrazolyl) thesp- base actor (thespian) teuth- base cuttlefish; squid thia-, thio- comb sulfur (thiabenda- (teuthologist) zole, thioaldehyde) teuto- comb German (teutophobia) thigmo- comb touch (thigmotro- tex- base weave (textile) pism) -th 1. suf act of (stealth); 2. state of thino- base beach; seashore (thino- being/having; quality of being/ lite) having (wealth) thio- comb [chemistry] sulfur -th suf numbers: ordinal (sixteenth) (thiobacillus) thalamo- comb thalamus (thalamo- -thlips- base pressure (thlipsen- cortical) cephalus) thalasso-, thalatto- comb sea; ma¬ thneto- comb mortal (thnetopsy- rinwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.come (thalassocracy, thalattology) chism) thalero- comb blooming; fresh thoracico-, thoraco- 1. comb thorax (thalerophagous) and (thoracico-abdominal); thall-, thallas- base green (thallium, 2. thorax; chest (thoracoplasty) thallasine) thras- base brag; boast (thrasoni¬ thallo- comb thallium (thallophyte) cal) thamn- base shrub (thamnium) thremm- base breed; propagate thanato- comb death (thanatology) (thremmatology) thaumato- comb wonder; miracle thren- base lamentation (threnody) (thaumatology) thrept- base nourish; nurse theatro- comb theater (theatroma- (threpterophilia) nia) thripto- base mortal (thriptopho- -theca, theci-, theco- comb sheath; bia) container; case; cover (sarcotheca, -thrix- base hair (streptothrix) theciform, thecostegnosis) -throated comb throat: specific kind -thei- base tea. (theiform) (ruby-throated) thelo- comb nipple (perithelium) thrombo- comb blood clot thely- comb female (thelytoky) (thrombo-phlebitis) theo- comb god (theocentric) thumo- comb soul (thumomancy) -thera- base catcher; trap (oeno- -thur- base incense (thurifer) thera) -thy- base offering; sacrifice theraphos- base tarantula (thera- (idolothyus) phosid) -thylac- base pouch (thylacine) DICTIONARY 87 -thymia • tox-

-thymia1 comb mental disorder -tocia, toco- comb childbirth; labor (dysthymia) (dystocia, tocolytic). Also toko- -thymia-2 base perfume; incense (tokogony) (thymiatechny) -toky comb childbearing (thelytoky) thymo- 1. comb thymus (thymoki- -tolypeut- base armadillo (tolypeu- netic); 2. mind; soul; mood; emo¬ tine) tions (thymogenic) -tome comb [medicine] cutting in¬ -thyrea, thyreo-, thyro- comb thy¬ strument (osteotome) roid (hypothyrea, thyreotomy, tomo-, -tomous, -tomy comb cut¬ thyromegaly) ting; dividing; surgery (tomogra¬ thyrsi-, thyrso- comb stalk; stem; phy, dichotomous, appendectomy) inflorescence (thyrsiflorous, thyr- -ton comb town (Washington) socephalic) -tonia 1. comb tone; muscle tension -thysan- base fringe; tassel (isotonia); 2. personality disorder (thysanopter) (catatonia) tibio- comb tibia and (tibiotarsal) -tonic 1. comb notes in a musical -tic See -ic scale (pentatonic); 2. musical in¬ ticho- base wall (tichorhine) tervals (diatonic); 3. phonetic -tight comb impervious to (water¬ units of stress (pretonic); 4. mus¬ tight) cle contraction (myatonic); tigr- base tiger (tigrine) 5. pathological spasms (vaga- tilia- comb lime; linden (tiliaceous) tonic); 6. restorative substance -tillwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- base to pluck (peotillomania) (hematonic); 7. solution (isotonic) -tim- base fear; dread (timorous) -tonitru- base thunder (tonitrual) timbro- comb postage stamp (tim- tono- comb tension; pressure brophilic) (tonometer) -timo- base honor (timocracy) tonsillo- comb tonsil (tonsillotomy) timor- base fear (timorous) tonsor- base shave; barber (tonsor- -tinct-, -ting- base stain; color ial) (intinction, tingible) -toothed comb specific number/ tinea- base moth; bookworm kind of teeth (big-toothed) (tineid) topo-, -topy comb place; topical tinn-, tintinn- base jingling; ring¬ (topology, somatotopy) ing; bell (tinnitus, tintinnabular) toreut- base embossing metal or -tion, -tious 1. suf act of (correc¬ ivory (toreutics) tion); 2. state of being (elation, torp- base numbness (torporific) ambitious); 3. thing that is (cre¬ -tors-, -tort- base twist (torsion, ation) distorted) titano-1 comb titan (titanosaur) -tory see -ory titano-2 comb titanium (titano- toti- comb whole entire (toti- cyanide) palmate) 1 titillo- base scratch; tickle (titilla¬ tox-, toxi-, toxico-, toxo- comb tion) poison; infection (toxemia, toxi- -titub- base stagger (titubation) tuberculide, toxicogenic, toxo- -tmesis comb cutting (neurotmesis) plasma) toxo- • troch- DICTIONARY

toxo-2 comb archery (toxophily) tribo- comb friction (tribology) -trab- base beam (trabeation) -trice suf feminine ending (genet- trachelo- comb neck (trachelodynia) rice). NOTE: -trix is now pre¬ tracheo- 1. comb windpipe (trache¬ ferred otomy); 2. trachea and (tracheo- triceni- base thirty (tricenary) bronchial) -trich, -tricha comb [zoology] crea¬ trachy- comb rough (trachysper- ture with hairlike structures (hy- mous) potrich, Gastrotricha) -tract- base draw; pull (detract) trichée- base manatee (trichechine) tragelaph- base kudu (tragelaphus) tricho- comb hair (trichogenous) trago- comb goat (tragopogon) trient- base third (triental) trans- 1. pre across; over; on the triethyl- comb [chemistry] three other side; to the other side ethyl groups (triethylamine) (transatlantic); 2. change thor¬ triges- base thirty (trigesimal) oughly (transliterate); 3. tran¬ trigint- base thirty (trigintal) scending; above and beyond trigono- comb three-cornered; tri¬ (trans-sonic) angular (trigonocephalic) transverso- comb transverse; cross¬ tring- base sandpiper (tringoid) wise (transversomedial) trinitro- comb [chemistry] three trapezi- base trapezoid (trapezoid) atoms of nitrogen (trinitroglycerin) traumato- comb wound; injury -trione comb [chemistry] three ke- (traumatopnea) tone groups (Indantrione) trecentwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- comb three hundred (tre- trioxy- comb having 3 atoms of centene) oxygen (trioxynaphthalene) tredecim- base thirteen (tredecimal) triplicato- comb triplicate (tripli- tremo- base shaking; tremble cato-pinnate) (tremogram) -triplo- base threefold; triple -trepid- base scared; agitated (intre- (triploblastic) pid) -tripsy comb crushing; friction -tresia comb perforation (proctotre- (neurotripsy) sia) tripud- base dance; exult (tripudi- -tress suf feminine ending (actress) ate) tri- 1. comb three; three parts (tri- triquadr- base three-fourths (tri- plane); 2. three times; into three quadrantal) (trisect); 3. every three; every triskaideka- comb thirteen (triskai- third (triannual); 4. [chemistry] dekaphobia) having three atoms; having three trist- base grief; sadness (tristful) equivalents of; having three trit- base friction; threshing (tritu¬ groups (tribasic) rate) triaconta- comb thirty (triacontahe- -tritic- base wheat (triticeous) drai) trito- comb third (tritocere) triakis- comb three (triakisoctahe- -trix suf female agent (executrix) dron) troch-, trochi-, trocho- comb triangulato- comb triangulate (tri- wheel; pulley rounded (trochlear, angulato -subovate ) trochiferous, trochocardia) DICTIONARY 89 -trocha • tyto-

-trocha comb [zoology] having a tupai- base shrew (tupaiid) band (cephalotrocha) -turb- base confuse; disturb (per¬ trochalo- comb rolling; rotary turbation) (trochalopod) -turbar- base peat bog (turbarian) trochil- base hummingbird (trochi- turbinato- comb top-shaped line) ( turbinato -cylindrical ) -trocto- base trout (troctolite) turbo- comb consisting of or driven -trog- base to gnaw (trogonine) by a turbine (turbogenerator) -troglo- base hole; cave (troglodyte) turd- base thrush; robin; bluebird troglodyt- base wren (troglodytine) (turdine) -tromo- base earth tremor (tro- -ture comb action (caricature) mometry) -turg- base swelling (turgescent) -tron comb names of devices used in Turko- comb Turkey (Turko-Russ- electronic or subatomic experi¬ ian). Also Turco- (Turcophobe) ments (cyclotron) -turp- base pollute; disgrace (turpi¬ -trope, -tropic, -tropism, tropo-, tude) -tropous, -tropy comb respond¬ -turri- base tower (turriferous) ing to a specific stimulus; turning; turtura- base turtle (turturring) changing (heliotrope, photo- tus- base strike; bruise (contusion) tropic, thermotropism, tropo- -tuss- base cough (antitussive) philous, phototropous, entropy) twi- comb double (twi-arched) -troph, -trophic, tropho-, -trophy -ty1 suf quality of; condition of combwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com nutrition; food; nourish¬ (novelty) ment (heterotroph, autotrophic, -ty2 suf times ten; tens (sixty) trophoplasm, atrophy) -tych-, tycho- comb chance; occa¬ trucid- base kill; slaughter (trucida- sional accident (tychastics, ty- tion) chopotamic). Also tich- (dys- -trude, -trus- base push; thrust tichiphobia) (protrude, intrusion) -tyl-, tylo- comb knot; knob; callus; -trutt- base trout (truttaceous) cushion (tylosis, tylopod) trypano- 1. comb parasite; borer tympano- comb drum tympanum (trypanosome); 2. injection (try- ( tympanoplasty ) panophobia) -type 1. comb type; representative trypet- base fruitfly (Trypetidae) form; example (prototype); tuberculo- 1. comb tuberculous (tu¬ 2. stamp; printing type; print bercular); 2. tubercle bacillus (tu- (monotype) berculoid); 3. tuberculosis (tuber- typhlo- 1. comb cecum; intestinal culocidin) pouch (typhlostomy); 2. blindness tubi-, tubo- comb tube (tubiflorous, (typhlosis) tubotorsion) typho- comb typhus; typhoid (ty- tubuli-, tubulo- comb tubule; small phogenic) tube (tubulidentate, tubulocyst) typo- comb type (typography) -tude suf state of being quality of tyro- base cheese (tyroleucin) being (solitude) tyto- base owl (Tytonidae) -turn- base swelling (tumescent) -ubi- • urcei- 90 DICTIONARY

U

-ubi- base place; position; location umbraculi- comb sunshade (umbra- (ubiquitous) culiferous) udo- comb wet; damp (udometer) umbrelli- base umbrella (umbrelli- Ugro- comb Ugrian (Ugro-Slavonic) form) -ula suf diminutive (fibula) Umbro- comb Umbrian (Umbro- -ular suf having the form or charac¬ Etruscan) ter of (circular) un- 1. pre not; opposite of; lack of -ule suf diminutive (pustule) (unhappy); 2. back; reversal (un¬ -ulent suf full of (virulent) lock) -ulig- base full of moisture (uligi¬ unci- comb hook (unciform) nous) -unct- base ointment; oil (unctu¬ ulm- base elm (ulmaceous) ous) ulno- comb ulna and (ulnoradial) -unda- base wave (exundant) ulo-1 comb scar (ulodermatitis) undec- comb eleven (undecagon) ulo-2 comb gums (uloglossitis) under- 1. pre lower place: in/on/to; ulo-3 comb curly; crisp (ulotrich- beneath; below (undershirt); ous) 2. inferior rank/position; subordi¬ -ulose suf characterized by; marked nate (undergraduate); 3. amount by (granulose) below standard; inadequate (un- -ulouwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.coms suf characterized by; full of; derdevelop) tending to (populous) undeviginti- comb nineteen (unde- ultim-, ultimo- base final;las t (ulti¬ vigintiangular) matum, ultimogeniture) -undul- base wave (undulations) ultra- 1. p re on the further side of; ungu- base ointment; grease beyond (ultraviolet); 2. to an (unguent) extreme degree; excessive (ultra¬ -ungui, -ungul- base claw; nail (un- modern); 3. beyond the range of guiform, exungulate) (ultramicroscopic) uni- comb having one only (unicel¬ ultro- comb voluntary; spontaneous lular) (ultroneous) -uous suf of the nature of; consist¬ ulul-1 base wail; howl (ululation) ing of (strenuous) ulul-2 base owl (ululant) -ura- base tail (gastruran) -ulum s uf diminutive (speculum) uranisco- comb hard palate (uranis- -ulus s uf diminutive (homunculus) coplasty) umbell-, umbelli- base sunshade; urano- 1. comb hard palate (ura- parasol (umbellated, umbellifer) noschisis); 2. the heavens (ura- umbilici- base navel (umbilici- nography) form) uranoso- comb [chemistry] contain¬ umbo- base knob; nipple (umbonu- ing uranium (uranosopotassic) late) -urb- base city (suburban) -umbr- base shadow (umb- urcei-, urceo- base urn; pitcher (ur- riphilous) ceiform, urceolate) DICTIONARY 91 -ure • -variol-

-ure 1. suf act/result of being (expo¬ urini-, urino- comb urinary tract; sure); 2. agent of; instrument of; urine (uriniparous, urinometer) scope of (legislature); 3. state of uro-1 comb tail (uropod) being (composure) uro-2 comb urine (urolith) urea-, ureo- comb urine; urea (ure- -urs- base bear (ursine) apoiesis, ureometer) -urtic- base nettle (urticaceous) uredo- base blight; fungus (uredo- -ury- base urination (strangury) spore) -ust- base burn (ustulation) uretero- comb urethra and (ureter- utero- comb uterus and (uterovagi- ostomy) nal) urethro- comb ureter and (urethro- -util- base useful (inutile) scopy) utrei-, utri-1 comb leather bottle -uretic comb urine (diuretic) (utreiform, utriform) -urgy comb working of; fabricating utri-2, utric- base sac; baglike part (zymurgy) (utriform, utricular) uri-, urico- base uric acid (uridro- -uvi-, -uvu- base grape (uviform, sis, uricometer) uvula) -uria comb diseased condition of uvulo- comb uvula (uvulectomy) urine (glycosuria) uxori- base wife (uxoricide) suf desiring (parturient) www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com V

-vac-, -vacu- base empty; free (va¬ -valent 1. comb having a specified cancy, vacuity) valence (monovalent); 2. specified vacci- comb cow (vaccimulgence) number of valences (univalent); vaccin- base blueberry (vaccinium) 3. having antibodies (multivalent) vaccino- comb vaccine (vaccinopho- vail- base wall (vallation) bia) valvi- comb valve; opening (valvi- -vacil- base sway (vacillation) form) -vad-, -vas- base rush; go (invade, valvulo- comb valve, esp. of the invasion) heart (valvulotomy) -vag-, -vagr- base wander (vagary, vapo-, vapori- comb emanation; vagrant) vapor (vapography, vaporimeter) vagini-, vagino- comb sheath; -vapul- base beat; flog (vapulatory) vagina and (vaginipennous, vari- comb changed; diverse (invari¬ vaginotomy) able) vago- comb vagus nerve varie-, varici-, varico- base en¬ (vagotropic) larged vein (varication, varici- vagu- base uncertain (vagueness) form, varicocele) vale- base farewell (valediction) -variol- base spotted; speckled (var- valetud- base ill (valetudinary) ioloid) vasculo- • -vet- 92 DICTIONARY

vasculo- comb blood vessel (vasculi- ventriculo- comb ventricle (ventri- tis) culoatrial) vasi- comb vessel; tube (vasifac- -ver- base truth (vérification) tive) -verber- base beat (reverberate) vaso- 1. comb blood vessels (vaso¬ verbi-, verbo- comb word; talk constrictor); 2. vas deferens (verification, verbotomy) (vasectomy); 3. vasomotor (va- -verd- base green (verdant) soinhibitor) verecund- base shame; modesty -vast- base destroy (devastation) (verecund) vati- comb prophet (vaticide) -verge comb turn; bend (converge). -vect- base carry (provect) See -vers- vegeti-, vegeto- comb vegetable; vergi- comb rod-like (vergiform). plant (vegetivorous, vegeto-alka- See -virgul- line) vermi- comb worm (vermicide) vel-, veli- comb cover; veil; sail (ve- vermin- comb vermin (verminous) lated, veliferous) vermivor- base warbler (Vermi- -velar comb soft palate (labiovelar) vora); worm-eating (vermivorous) velit- base skirmish; dispute (velita- -vern- base spring (vernal) tion) verruci- comb wart; growth (verru- veil- base wish; desire (velleity) ciform) -vellic- base pluck; twitch; nip (vel- vers-, -verse, vert- comb turn; di¬ licative) rect (reversal, transverse, revert). velociwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- base speed (velocimeter) See -verge -velut- base velvet (velutinous) vertebro- comb vertebra (verte- -ven- base come (convention) broiliac) -venat- base hunt (venatorial) vertig- base dizziness (vertiginous) vene- comb vein (venesection) -verv- base sheep (vervecine) -venefic- base sorcery; witchcraft vesica- comb blister (vesicatory) (veneficious) vesico- 1. comb bladder (vesico- veneno- comb poison (veneno-sali- tomy); 2. bladder and (vesicopro- vary) static) -vener-1 base sexual desire; Venus vesiculi-, vesiculo- comb vesicle; (venereal) bladder-like vessel (vesiculigerous, -verier-2, -venerat- base worship vesiculo-pustular) (venerable, veneration) -vesper- base evening (vespertilion- veni-, veno-, venoso-, -venous ine) comb veins (venipuncture, venos- -vespertil- base bat; vampire (ves- tomy, venoso-reticulated, intra¬ pertilionine) venous) vespi- comb wasp; hornet (vespi- -vent- base wind; air (ventilation) form) ventri-, ventro- 1. comb abdomen; vest- comb clothing (divest) belly (ventricumbent); 2. ventral vestibulo- comb vestibule; small and (ventrodorsal) cavity (vestibulocochlear) ventricoso- comb distended ab¬ -vet- base old; experienced (vet¬ domen (ventricoso-globose) eran) DICTIONARY 93 vex- • -vulg- vex- base bother; irritate (vexatious) vise-, visco- base sticky; thick (vis¬ vexill- comb flag; banner (vexillol- cous, viscometer) ogy) viscero- comb viscera (visceroptosis) vi-, via- comb journey; way (multiv- visuo- comb sight (visuo-auditory) ious, viaduct) -vit- base alive (vitality). See vivi- vibro- comb vibration; shaking vitelli-, vitello- comb yolk; germi- (vibrograph) native contents (vitelligerous, vice- comb deputy; assistant (vice- vitellogenous) chancellor) viti- comb vine (viticulture) -vicesim- base twentieth (vicesimal) vitia- base corrupt (vitiated) vicin- base neighborhood; proxim¬ vitreo-, vitri-, vitro- comb glass; ity (vicinage) glassy (vitreodentin, vitriform, -vid-, -vis- base see (video, invisi¬ vitrotype) ble) vitric- base stepfather (vitricopho- video- comb televised (vidéoconfér¬ bia) ence) vitriolico- comb vitriol (vitriolico- vidu- base widowed; destitute (vid- muriated) uated) -vitul- base calf (vituline) -viges- base twenty (vigesimal) vituper- base blame; revile (vitu¬ vigil- base watchful (vigilant) perative) viginti- comb twenty (vigintiangular) viverr- base civet; ferret; mongoose -vili- base worthless; base (viliorate) (viverrine) vill-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com base shaggy (villose) vivi- comb living; alive (viviparous) villoso- comb covered with hairlike voc-, voci-, -voke comb say; speak material (villoso-scabrous). See (invocation, vociferous, revoke) piloso- vocif- base shout (vociferate) vimin- base wicker (vimineous) -vol- base wish; will (involuntary) -vine- base conquer; bind (invinci¬ volta- comb [electricity] voltaic ble) (volta-electric) vini-, vino- comb wine; grapes volucr- base bird (volucrine) (viniculture, vinometer). See viti- volupt- base pleasure (voluptuary) viol- base violet (violaceous) -volut-, -volv- base turn (revolu¬ viper- base snake (viperous) tion, revolve) vir- base green (virescence) vomic- base abscess (vomicose) virgul- base rod; twig (virgulate) -vora, -vore, -vorous comb feeding -virid- base green (viridescent) on; eating (Carnivora, herbivore, -viridae comb virus family (Picor- omnivorous) naviridae) -vorag- base chasm; whirlpool (vor- -viril- base masculine (virility) aginous) -virinae comb virus subfamily vortici- comb whirling motion; vor¬ (Spumavirinae) tex (vorticiform) -virus comb virus genus (Flavivirus) vulcan- comb volcanoes -vis-, -vid- base look; see (invisible) (vulcanology) -visaged comb having a specific -vulg- base common; the public kind of face (round-visaged) (divulge) -vuln- • -y 94 DICTIONARY

-vuln- base wound (invulnerable) vultur- base vulture (vulturine) vulpi- base fox (vulpicide) vulvi-, vulvo- 1. comb vulva (vulvi- vult- base likeness; visage (invultua- form); 2. vulva and (vulvovaginal) tion)

W -ward suf having a specified direc¬ 2. characteristic manner (clock¬ tion (westward) wise); 3. with regard to; in con¬ -ways suf in a specified direction, nection with (weatherwise) manner, or position (sideways) with- 1. comb away; back (with¬ -wheeler comb having a specified draw); 2. against; from (withhold) kind or number of wheels (eigh- -witted comb having a specified teen-wheeler) kind of intelligence (quick-wit¬ -wide comb throughout a given ted) space (worldwide) -woman comb female (congress- -wife comb traditional female role woman) (midwife) -worthy comb deserving of; fit for -wise 1. suf in a specified direction, (newsworthy) mannerwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, or position (sidewise);

X xantho- comb yellow (xantho- xilin- base cotton (xilinous) derma) xiph(i)-, xipho- comb swordlike; -xen- base host (metoxeny) xiphoid process; swordfish xenarth- base sloth (xenarthral) (xiphioid, xyphophyllous) xeno- comb stranger; foreigner xylo-, -xylous comb wood (xylo¬ (xenophobia) graph, epixylous) xero- comb dry (xerophyte) xyr- base sharp-edged; razorlike xest- base polish (xesturgy) (xyridaceous)

-y1 1. suf characterized by; full of -y2 1. suf condition of; quality (healthy); 2. somewhat; rather (jealousy); 2. action of (in¬ (chilly); 3. tending to; inclined quiry) (drowsy); 4. suggestive of; some¬ -y3 suf diminutives; terms of en¬ what like (wavy) dearment; nicknames (Billy) DICTIONARY 95 -yer • zym-

-yer suf person concerned with ylo- see hylo- (lawyer) yocto- comb heptillionth (yoc- yester- comb previous time (yester¬ togram) year) yotta- comb heptillion (yottameter) -yl suf [chemistry] names of radicals -ysis suf action; process (electroly¬ (butyl) sis) -ylene suf [chemistry] bivalent hy¬ yttro- comb yttrium (yttrocerite) drocarbon radical; possessing a double bond (piperylene)

za- pre intensifier (zalambdodont) -zoic 1. suf relating to animal life zebr- base zebra (zebrine) (celozoic); 2. relating to geologic zelo- base zeal; emulation (zelo- ages (Mesozoic) typia) zon-, zoni- comb girdle; band; en¬ zemni- base mole rat (zemnipho- circling structure (zonesthesia, bia) zonifugal) -zephyr- base west wind (zephyr- zono- comb zone (zonochlorite) anthwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) zoo- 1. comb animal; animal body zepto- comb hexillionth (zeptovolt) (zoology); 2. zoology and (zoo- zetta- comb hexillion (zettabyte) chemical) -zeug-, -zeux- base yoke (zeuglo- -zooid comb distinct animal (An- dont, zeuxite) therozooid) zibel- base sable (zibeline) zoster- base girdle; band; belt (zos- zinco- comb zinc as an element in terops) specific double compounds (zin- zyga-, zygo- comb yoke; pair; artic¬ colysis) ulation (zygapophysis, zygodactyl) -zingiber- base ginger (zingibera- zygomatico-, zygomato- comb ceous) [anatomy] related to the zygoma zirconio- comb zirconium (zirco- (zygomatico-auricular, zygomato- nioflouride) temporal) -zo- base animal (zoanthropy) zym-, zymo- comb fermentation; -zoa, -zoon comb [zoology] name of enzymes; yeast (zymurgy, zy- group (protozoa, protozoon) mophoric) www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com PART II Finder (Reverse Dictionary)

www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com aardvark • act of 98 FINDER

aardvark base -edent- abscond base drapeto-, phygo- abandon base relinq- absence pre a-, an-, dis-, ex-, il-, abbreviated comb brachisto-, im-, in-, ir-, un- ; comb lipo- ; base brachy-, brevi-, micro-, mini-, -priv-; sw/-less; -of an opening: parvi-, parvo, steno-; base -cort-, comb -atresia, atreto-; -of apart: -curt- ; suf -cle, -cula, -cule, comb ectro- -culum, -culus, -een, -el, -ella, absorb comb -sorb; base bib- -en, -et, -ette, -idion, -idium, -ie, absurd base fatu-, inan-, moro-, -ilia, -illo, -isk, -le, -let, -ling, stult- -ock, -ola, -ole, -rel, -ula, -ule, abundance base ampl-, copi-, larg- -ulum, -ulus, -y abusive comb noci-, pesti- ; base abdomen comb abdomino-, celio-, -nox-, pericul- 1 celo- , coelo-, laparo-, ventri-, abyss comb batho-, bathy- ; base ventro- ; distended~: ventricoso- -byss- abdominal sac comb peritoneo- accept base -cap-, -cep-, -cip-, abet base auxil-, jut-, juv- -dyte- abhorrence comb miso-, -phobe, accessory pre co-, para-2, syn; comb -phobia, -phobic; base -invid-, inter- -ira(sc)-, odi- accidents base -tich-, -tych(o)- 2 abilitwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comy base -apt- , -habil-, -poten-, accumulation comb cumulo- ; base -quai-; sw/-bility, -fui, -ship acerv-, -sor- able to comb -potent; suf -able, accurate comb ortho-, recti- -ible, -ile; in an ~way: -bly acetic comb acet- abnormal comb anom(o)-, poecilo-, acetyl comb aceto-, acetyl- poikilo-; -attraction: comb acid comb ortho-, oxy1; -base -lagnia, -philia, -philiac; -condi¬ -acerb-, -oxal- tion: pre para-; sw/-ism, -osis, acorn comb balani-, balano-; base -otic; -discharge: comb -(r)rhage, -gland- -(r)rhagy, -(r)rhagia; -enlarge¬ acquire base -cap-, -cep-, -cip-, ment: comb mégalo-, -megaly; -dyte- -smallness: comb micro- acrid comb picro-; base -acerb-, abode comb -cole, -colent, -colous, -mord- eco-, oiko-; base -aed-, -dom-, acrimonious base acerb-, mord- -edi- across pre dia-, per-, trans-; comb abolish base fin-, perd-, termin-, transverso- vast-; swf-ate-4 act (to) base -fac-, -fee-, -fie-; suf about pre be-, circum-, peri- ; comb -age, -ate, -ize amphi-; base -zon-, -cing-, -cinct- act of comb -craft; sw/-ade, -age, above pre ano-1, epi-, hyper-, ob-, -al, -ance, -ancy, -asis, -asm, super-, supra-, sur-, ultra-; comb -ation, -cy, -ence, -ency, -ery, over-, poly- -esis, -iasis, -ice1, -ics, -in'g, -ion, abscess base apostem-, vomic- -ism, -ment, -osis, -otic, -sion, FINDER 99 actinic rays • alteration

-sis, -th, -tion, -tious, -ture, -ure, again pre ana-, re-; base -pali(n)- -y2, -ysis againstpre anti-, cata-, cath-, con¬ actinic rays comb actino- tra-, contre-, ob-, with-; comb activity comb -ergasia, ergasio-, antio-, counter-, enantio- -ergic, ergo-, -ergy, -orial, -pragia, agate base agati- -praxia, -praxis; su/-esce, -es- age pre eo- ; comb chrono- ; base cence, -escent, -esis; quality of~: -temp-; swf-arian. See old 3 comb -pragia agent sw/-ant, -ate , -ator, -ent, actor base histrion-, thesp- -ure actual base ver- agitate base agit-, mov-, trepid-, acute comb oxy-1; base acer-, -grav-, turb- vehem- agouti base dasyproct- adamant base contum-, obstin-, agree(ment) pre co-; base concinn-, pervic-, proterv- congru-, consil-, unanim- adder base colub- aid base -auxil-, -jut-, -juv- addicted to comb -aholic ailment pre dys-, mal-; comb noso-, addition pre a-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, al-, path, -pathic, patho-, -pathy; base an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, extra-, aegr-, cachex-, -morb-, -pecca-, super-. See more valetud- adherent 5w/-ist, ite air comb aer-, aeri-, aero-, anemo-, adjacent base contig-, -tang-, vicin-. atmo-, physo-, -pnea, pneo-, Seewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com near pneumato-, pneumo-, pneu- adjusted base concinn- mono-; base -flat-, -vent- admirable pre bene-, eu- ; base albatross base diomed-, -procellar- agath-, bon-, prob- alcohol su/-ol adrenal gland comb adren(o)- aldehydes s«/-al, -ole adroit base agil-, facil-, ingen- alike pre co- ; comb equi-, homo-, adulterated base kibdelo- iso-, pari-, tauto- advance pre pro-; base ced-, cess- alive comb bio-, -biosis, quick-, adversarial base hostil-, inimic- vivi-, -zoic, zoo-, -zooid; base affectedwith s«/-otic -anim-, vita- affecting comb -tropic alkaline base lixiv- affection base -storgy alkaloid names suf-m;~with nitro¬ affinity comb -trope. See attracted gen bases: -ine affluence comb chryso-, pluto- ; all pre be-, cata-, cath-, de-, kata-, base chrem-, -opul-, pecun- ob-, per-; comb holo-, omni-, afraid base pavid-, tim-, trepid-. See pan-1, panto-, pasi-, toti- fear alligator base -eusuch- African comb Afro- allow base conced-, concess- after pre meta-, post-; comb hys- allure base lenocin- tero-, opistho-, postero-, retro- almond comb amygdal(o)- aftereffect sw/-age, -asm, -ata, almost comb pene- -ation, -ency, -ism, -ma, -ment, alone pre mono-; comb eremo-, -mony, -sion, -ure soli-, uni- afternoon base pomerid- alteration pre meta-, trans- ; comb altitude • apart 100 FINDER

-plasia, -plasis, -tropic; base - anchor- base ancry- mut-, -vari-, -vert-. See change anchovy base -engraul- altitude comb aero-, alti-, alto-, ancient comb archaeo-, archeo-, bato-, hypsi-, hypso-; base pro- palaeo-, paleo-, proto- ; base cer- -antiq-, prise-, -vet- aluminum comb alumino- anesthetic comb -caine alveolus comb alveolo- anew pre ana-, re-; base -palin- always comb ever-; base aei-, etern-, angelfish base pterophyll- semper- anger base chol-, -invid-, -ira-, amber comb succino- -margy ambiguous base ambig, ancip-, angle comb -angle, -gon, -gonal, dub-, pariso- gonio- ; base -angul- amend pre be-, em-, en-, meta-, anguish comb lype-; base dolor-, trans-; comb aetio-, -blast, -bias- fleb-, flet-, luct-, trist- tic, blasto-, -craft, ergo-, etio-, animal comb therio-, thero-, zoo-, -facient, -fie, -fixation, -gen, -zooid; base -fer-, zo-;~classes: -genesis, -genie, -genous, -geny, sw/-acea; early -form: comb -parous, -plasia, -plasis, plasmo-, larvi-; -group name: suf-id1, -plast, -plastic, plasto-, -plasty, -ida, -idae, -iformes, -zoa, -zoic, -poiesis, -poietic, -trope, -tropic, -zoon; wild-: fer-. Also see "Ani¬ -tropism, tropo-, -tropous, -tropy, mals" in Part III -urgy; base camb-, -fabr-, -fee-, animation comb bio-, -biosis, vita-, -mut-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, -vari-, -vert-; suf-ate, en, vivi-, zoo-, -zoic, -zooid; base - -fy, -ize, -otic anim- amide comb -amic2;~radical: ankle (bone) comb astragalo-, tali-, amido- talo- ammonia comb ammonio-, am- annoy base vex- mono- another comb allelo-, allo-, alter-, amnesia base amensi-, amnesi- hetero- ; base -ali-2 amniotic sac comb amnio- answer base apocris-. See say among pre dia-, epi- ; comb enter-, ant comb myrmec-, myrmeco-, inter- myrmic- ; base -formic- amount comb quanti-; suf -age, anteater base myrmecophag- -ful, -ling antelope base -alcelaph-, -bubal- ample base ocho-2 anterior pre fore-; comb antero-, amplify pre ad-, extra-, hyper-, proso- super-; comb auxano-, auxo-, antibiotic comb -mycin multi-, myria-, myrio-, out-, antibodies, having comb -valent over-, -plasia, pleni-, pleo-, pleio-, antimony comb stibio- pleon-, plethys-, plio-, pluri-, pol- antrum comb antro- laki-, poly-; base ampl-, -aug-, any of those possible comb -cresc-, dilat-, -fold-, pier-, -soever -plet- apart pre de-, des-, di-2, dia-, dis-, anal comb ano-2, podic- for-, se-; comb chori-, choristo-, ancestors comb patroio- dialy- FINDER 101 ape • auk ape comb pithec-, -pithecus; base art comb craft-, -ship, techno-, -sim- -techny aperture base -pylo-. See hole artery comb arterio-, -venous apex comb -apical, apico- articulation comb zyga-, zygo- apparel base habil-, hesto-, -vest- as if comb pseudo-, quasi- apparent comb lampro, lue-, luci- ; ash tree base -frax(in)-, -melia-2; base -clar- mountain-: sorb-2 apparition base phantas-, phasm- ashes comb ciner-, pulver-, spodo-, appearance comb -phane, phanero-, tephro- ; base favill- -phanic, -phany, pheno-; base ask base -pet-, -quir-, -quis-, -rog- -schem-, -spec-, -spic- ass base as-, ono- appease base -plac- assemblage suf -ad, -age, -ery, appetite comb -orexia, -sitia, sitio-, -hood, -ship sito- ; base esur- assemble base -fabr-, -fac-, -fee-, apple base mali-, pomi- -fie-, -struct- approximately sw/-ish assist base -auxil-, -jut-, -juv- arched comb arci-, cyrto-; base assistance base -(ad)jut-, -(ad)juv-, -fornic- auxil- archery comb toxo-2 assumption comb -lemma1 ardor base ard-, alacr-, -ferv-, astragalus comb astragalo-, talo- zelo- astringent base stypt- arduouwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.coms pre dys- ; comb -bar, at pre ad-, juxta-; ~the same time: bary-, mogi-; base ardu-, stren- pre co-, syn-; comb -simul- argument comb -machy; base litig-, atlas map: comb carto- ; vertebra: pugil-, -pugn-, -rix- comb atlanto-, atlo- arid comb carpho-, xero- ; base arid-, atmosphere comb -bar, baro- -celo-, -sicc- atrophy base -tabe- arm limb: comb acromio-, brachio- attack fight: base -pugil-, -pugn- ; armadillo base dasypod-, -tolypeut- seizure: comb -agra, -lepsia, -lep- armor comb hoplo- sis, -lepsy, -leptic armpit base -axill- attempt base conat-, peir- aroma comb brom(o)-, odori-, attend to comb -serve odoro-, olfacto-,-osmia, osmo-, attracted to comb -phile, -philia, osphresio-, ozo-, ozono- -philiac, -philic, -philism, philo-, around pre be-, circum-, peri-; -philous, -trope, -tropic, -tro- comb ambi-, ambo-, amphi-; base pism, -tropous, -tropy; base -uri- -cing-, -cinct-, -zon- ent arouse comb agito- ; base -cit- augmented pre ad-, extra-, hyper-, arrange(ment) comb -tactic, super-; comb auxano-, auxo-, -tactous, -taxis, taxo-, -taxy; multi-, myria-, myrio-, out-, base -pos-, -struct-; sw/-ate over-, -plasia, pleni-, pleo-, pleio-, arrest stop: comb stasi-, -stasis, pleon-, plethys-, plio-, pluri-, pol- -stat, stato- laki-, poly-; base ampl-, -aug-, arrow base belo-, -sagitt- -cresc-, dilat-, -fold-, pier-, -plet- arsenic comb arseno- auk base alcid- aunt • base 102 FINDER aunt base -amita-, -matertera- avoid base avers-, drapeto-, fug-, auricle comb atrio- phygo- authority comb exousia- ; base away (from) pre ab-, abs-, apo-, be-, imper-, magist- de-, des-, di-2, dia-, dif-, dis-, e-, authorized comb cyrio-, kyrio- ec-, ef-, ex-, for-, off-1, se, with-; automobile comb amaxo-, -mobile; comb ectro- base harmat-, -ocho- awl base subul- avarice base avar-, avid-, cup (id)-, ax base axin-, dolabri-, securi-, edac-, gulos-, pleonec-, pleonex- pelec- avocado base pers- axis comb axi-, axio-1, axo-

B bacillus comb bacill-, bacilli-, bacillo- ballot base tabell-, suffrag- back pre ana-, re-, un-, with- ; comb ban pre anti- ; base imped-, prohib- retro- ; the~: comb back-, dorsi-, banana base musa- dorso-, nota-, noto- ; base -terg- band comb desmo-, syndesmo-, backbone comb rachi-, rachio-, taeni-, teni-, -trocha , zon-, zoni-; rhach-, rhachio- base -lemnisc-, liga-, zoster-; suf backward comb opiso-, retro- -let bacteriwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.coma comb bacter-, bacteri-, bac- bang comb plessi-, -cuss- ; base terio-, coccal, -coccic, cocco-, -cop-, -crot-, plang-, -puis-, -tus-, coccoid, -coccus, mycin; base -ella -vapul-, -verber- badger base -melin-, -mustel- banner comb labar-, vexill- bad(ly) pre dys-, mis-; comb caco-, bar base clathr-, -ser- -iniq-, kak-, kako-, mal-, male-, barbed base hamat- perv-, ponero-, -prav-, -turp-, barber base tonsor- vitia- bare comb gymno-, nudi-, psilo-. bag(like) comb angio-, asco-, bursi-, See bald burso-, ceco-, chlamyd-, chrysali-, bark dog: base hylac-, latr- ; tree: coleo-, cyst, -cyst, cysti-, cysto-, base cortici-, phloem- follic-, pericardiaco-, pericardio-, barley comb alphito- ; base crith-, peritoneo-, phasco- physa-, horde-, ptis- physali, physo-, -theca, theco-, barracuda base -perces-, sphyraen- 2 typhlo-, utri- , utric-, vesico- ; base barrel base dolio -sacc-, -thylac- barrier comb herco-, septo-, pari- balance comb counter-, libra-, eto-, -phragma, phragmo-; base pariso-, stasi-, -stasis, stat, stato- cancell-, claustr-, -mur- bald base -calv-, glabr-, -pelad-, base foundation: comb basi-, basio-, -phalacr- baso-, fund- ; base -radie- ; evil: ball-shaped comb globi-, globo-, pre dys-, mis- ; comb caco-, iniq-, -sphere, sphero-; base -glom-. See kak(o)-, mal(e)-, ponero-; base circle -prav-, sceler-, turp- FINDER 103 basic • benefit basic base prim-, -rud-; [chem¬ before pre ante-, fore-, ob-, pre-, istry] pre sub- pro-2; comb antero-, protero-, basin (shaped) comb cylico-, proto-, retro-; base prior- kylixo-, lecano-, pelvi- beggar comb ptocho- ; base mendic- basket base calath-, -corb- begin(ning) comb -phyletic, sper- bat base desmodont-, megacheirop- mato-; base incip-, -init-; suf ter-, microcheiropter, noctilion-, -esce, -escence, -escent. See -pterop-, -vespertil- origin bath(ing) comb balneo- ; base behavior comb etho- ; base hexi- -ablut-, -lav- behind pre meta-, post- ; comb battle comb macho-, -machy; base after-, back-, hind-, opistho, pos- -bell-, -pugil-, -pugn- tero, retro- ; base terg- beach base littor-, thino-; See sand being comb onto- ; base -esse- beak comb coraco-, rhampho-, belch base -ruct- rhyncho-, rostrato-, rostri-, ros- belief comb -ousia; base -cred-, tro-, -rrhyncha; base -aquil-. See -fid-1; sw/-ism nose believer swf-ist, -ite beam base trab- believing in suf-an bean base cyam-, fab-, phaseol- bell base campan-, -tintinn- bear animal: comb arcto-; base belligerence base chol-, -invid-, -urs- ; carry: comb -fer, -ferous, -ira-, -margy -gerous, -parous, -pher, -phore, bellow base -mug- -phorouswww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com; base -port-, -vect- belly comb abdomino-, celio-, celo-, beard comb pogon(o)-; base -barba- coelo-, laparo-, ventri-, ventro-; bearing comb -fer, -ferous, -gerous, base -alv-. See stomach -parous, -pher, phor-, -phore, belonging to swf-acean, -aceous, 3 3 -phorous; base -port- -ad,- al , -an , -ar, -arious, -ary, beast comb -there, therio-, thero- ; -atic, -ative, -atory, -eae, -ean, base fer- -eous, -ery, -etic, -ial, -ian, -ic, 1 beat comb -cuss-, plessi-, rhabdo-; -id , -il, -ile, -ina, -inae, -ine, base -cop-, -crot-, fustig-, plang-, -ing, -ious, -istic, -ite, -itic, puis-, quass-, vapul-, -verber- -itious, -itive, -ive, -oidea, -ory, beautiful comb calli-, callo-; base -otic, -tious, -tive, -ular. See char¬ kal-, pulchr- acteristic of beaver base -castor- below pre hypo-, infra-, sub-, sub- become SM/-ate1, -en, -fy; ~like: - ter-; comb infero-, under- ize bend, bent comb ancylo-, ankylo-, becoming suf-esce, -escence, -campsis, campto-, campylo-, -escent -clinal, -clinate, -cline, -clinic, bed base clin- clino-, -clinous, -clisis, curvi, bee comb api(o)-, melisso-; base cyrto-, -fleet, flex-, flexuouso-, -bomb- ; ~hive: -alve- lechrio-, loxo-, recurvo-, beech base faga- repando-, scolio-, -tort-, -verge; beer base cervis- base -clit-, cliv- -sinu- beetle base coleopter-, scarab- benefit base -auxil-, -jut-, -juv- benzine • blunder 104 FINDER benzine pre meta-; comb benzo-, base -ebon-, fulig-, -nigr-. Also see phen- "Colors" in Part III bereavement comb lype- ; base black widow base latrodect- dolor-, fleb-, flet-, luct-, trist- blackbird base -icter-, merul- berry combbaccato-, bacci-, cocci-; bladder comb asco-, burs-, bursi-, base -acin- burso-, ceco-, cyst-, -cyst, cysti-, beside pre a-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, al-, cysto-, follic-, physa-, physali-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, by-, epi-, physo-, typhlo-, utri-, utric-, para-2, peri-; comb juxta-, citra-, vesico-, vesiculi-, vesiculo-; base pene-, proximo- -sacc-, -thylac- besides pre extra- blame base culp-, reprehen-, -vitu- best comb aristo- ; base -opt-2 per- bestow base -don- blanket base -lodic- better comb melior-, out- blend pre co-; comb conjugato-, between pre dia-, epi- ; comb enter-, -ergasia, gameto-, gamo-, hapto-, inter- junct-; base aps-, apt-, -greg-, beyond pre ex-, extra-, meta-, -soc-; suf-âte, -ize para-2, prêter-, super-, supra-, blight comb fungi-, -mycete, sur-, ultra- ; comb over- myceto-, -mycin, myco-, uredo- Bible comb biblio- blind comb caeco-, ceco-, typhlo-; big base grand-, magn-. See large base -lusc- bile comb bili-, chole-, cholo-, gall- blink base -conniv-, -nict- billiowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comn comb giga-. Also see "Num¬ blister comb phlye-, vesica-, vesico-, bers" in Part III vesiculo- ; base pustul- billionth comb nanno-, nano- blood comb haema-, haemo-, hema-, bind comb sphingo-, -strain, -strict, hemato-, hemo-, sangui-, san- syndesmo-; base liga-, -merinth-, guineo-, sanguino- ; base cruent-, nex-, -string-, -vine- cruor-; -dofrthrombo-; -condi¬ bipartite comb diphy-. See two tion or disease: -aemia, cythemia, birch base betul- -emia; -fluid: lympho-; -vessels: bird comb orneo-, orni-, ornitho-, hemangio-, vasculo-, vaso- orno-; base -avi-, grail-, musci- blooming comb thalero-; base flor-, cap-, oscin-, passer-, pendulin-, vig- volucr- blow wind: base anemo-, flat-, birth comb -genie, -natal, -para, vent- ; punch: comb plessi- ; base -tocia, -toky; base geneth-, -nasc-, cop-, -crot-, -cuss-, -plang-, puis-, -partur- ; ~day: geneth- -tus-, vapul-, -verber- birthmark comb nevi-, nevo- blue comb cyano-, glauco- ; base bishop base episcop- adular-, aerug-, -azur-, -caes-, biting comb aceto-, keto-, oxal-, -cerul-, -lazul-, -livid-, -pavon-. oxy- ; base -acid-, -mord- Also see "Colors" in Part III bitter comb picro-; base -acerb-, blueberry base vaccin- asper-, -mord- bluebird base sial-2, -turd- bittern base botaur-, ixobrych blunder base culp-, delinq-, laps-, black comb atro-, melano-, piceo; pecc-, sphal- FINDER 105 blunt • bring forth blunt comb obtusi- ; base hebet- bragging base kompo-, thras- boar base suid- brain comb cephal-, cerebri-, cere- boasting base kompo-, thras- bro-, encephalo- boat (-shaped) comb navi-, scapho-, brambles comb bato-2 scapulo- ; base -cymb- bran base furfur-, pityr- bobolink base -icter- branch comb clado-, rami- body comb physico-, physi-, brass comb chalco- ; base -aenio- physio-, somato-, -some1; base brave base audac-, feroc- -corp- ; ùead~: comb necro- ; base brazen base contum-, impud-, pro- -cadav- ; ~defect:base -hamart- ; cac- -odor: brom-, ozostom-; -organ bread base arto-, pan-2 part: suf -lit breakfast base -jent- bog base telmat; peat-: base turbar- break(ing) comb -clasia, -clasis, boil (up) base aestu-, -coct-, ferv- -clastic, -rhegma, -(r)rhexis; base bold base audac-, feroc- agmat-, -fract-, -frag-, -frang-, bolt base gomph-, pessul-, -ser- -rupt- bond comb desmo-, ligamenti-, lig- breast comb mammi-, mammo-, amento-, syndesmo- ; base -eaten-, mastia-, -masto-, mazo-2, stetho-; -vine-; double-: 5w/-ylene base pect-; -bone: sterno-. See bone comb ossi-, osseo-, osteo-; nipple forearm-: ulno-; -joining hip¬ breath comb -hale, -pnea, pneo-, bones: sacro-; -membrane: pe- pneumato-, pneumo-, pneu- riosteowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- ; frontal-: fronto- ; bony mono-, pneusio-, pulmo-, spiro-1; process: comb stylo- base afflat-; bad-: -halit-, ozos- book comb biblio- ; base -libr- ; tom- -size: suf -mo; -worm: tinea- breed base thremm- border base fimbr-, -marg-, brick base -later-, plinthi- propinq-, prox-, termin-. See bridge base gephyr-, pont- near brief comb brachio-, brachisto-, born comb -genie, -natal, -para, brachy-, brevi-, chamae-, hekisto-, -tocia, -toky; base geneth-, -nasc-, micro-, mini-*, parvi-, parvo-, partur-; -in: suf -an steno-, tapino- ; base -cort-, -curt-, boron comb boro- exig-; sw/cle, -cula, -cule, -een, - both comb ambi-, ambo- ; -sides: el, -ella, -en, -et, -ette, -idion, amphi-, ampho-, bi- -idium, -ie, -ilia, -illo, -isk, -kin, bother basevex- -le, -let, -ling, -ock, -ola, -ole, bottle base ampull-, lagen-; -rel, -ula, -ule, -ulum, -ulus, -y leather-: utrei-, utri- bright comb helio- ; base -clar-, bottom pre sub-; comb basi-, fund-; -fulg-, -gano-, -lue-, -lumin-, base -radic- nitid- boundary comb orismo- ; base fin-, brine base muri- termin- bring base -duc-, -fer-, -port- . See bowl comb crater-, cylico-, kylixo- carry box comb pyx-; -tree: base bux- bring forth comb maieusi-, -parous; boy base puer- base partur- brisk • capsule 106 FINDER brisk comb ocy-, tacho-, tachy- ; bullfinch base pyrrhul- base alacr-, celer-, festin-, veloc- bull-headed base contum-, obstin-, bristle comb chaeti-, chaeto-, seti- pervic-, proterv- broad comb eury-, lati-, platy- bully base -procac- bromine comb bromo- bundle comb fasciculato-, fascio- ; broom comb scop-, scopi- base phacell-, -sarcin- brothel baselupan- bunting base emberiz-, pyrrhul- brother comb frater-, fratri- ; base burden(ed) comb hypegia-, hy- -adelph- pengy-, -ridden; base -oner-, par- brown comb fusco-, phaeo-; base alip- aen-, brun-, castan-, -fulv-, burdensome pre dys- ; comb -bar, -gland-, lur-, mustel-, -spad-, bary-, mogi- ; base ardu-, stren- -testae-. Also see "Colors" in Part burning comb causto-, igni- pyro- ; III base ard-1, ars-, cauter-, celo-2, bruise base -tus- combust-, crem-, phlog-, -ust- brush base muscar- bursting base -rrhexis-, -rupt-. See bubble comb pego-, physali- ; base breaking bullat- bury base -hum- buckthorn base -rhamn- burying place comb kil(l)-. See bud base gemm-1 tomb buffalo base bubal- business base -negot- buffoon comb balatro- butcher base lania- bugwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com comb cimic-, core-2, entomo-, butter comb butyro- insecti-, insecto- butterfly base lepidopter-, papil- build base -fabr-, -fac-, -fee-, -fie-, buttocks comb -pygia, pygo- ; base -struct- nati-, podic- bulb(ous) comb bulbo-; base cep-2 buzzard comb buteo- ; base cathart- bulge comb -cele, -edema, ganglio-, buy comb onio-; base -empt-, phlogo-, phym-, -phyma, physa-, -mere-, nundin- physo-, strum(i)-; base aug-, by pre ad-, by-, epi-, peri-; comb cresc-, physc-, strum-, -turn-, juxta-; base -prox-; -means of: -turg-; 5u/-itis pre syn- bull comb tauri-, tauro-

cabbage base brassic- camp base castr- calcium comb calc-, calci- cancel base oblit- calf base animal: vitul- ; leg: sura- cancer base carcin(o)- call base appell-, -claim, -clam-, - cap base -pile- diet-, -nom-, -voc-; -upon: base - capable of being 5w/-able, -ibility, prec- ible, -ibly, -ile calm base placid-, sedat-, tranquil- capacious base ocho-2 camel comb cameli- capsule comb capsuli-, capsulo- FINDER 107 carbohydrate • change carbohydrate suf-ose1 caustic comb cauter- ; acrimonious carbon comb carbo- base acerb-, mord- carbon dioxide comb -capnia, cave comb speleo-, troglo- ; base capno- spelunc- carbuncle comb anthraco- cavity comb alveolo-, antro-, atrio-, card comb carto-, charto- -coele, coelo-, parieto-, sino-, cardinal bird: base pyrrhul- sinu-, syringo-, ventriculo-, careful base attent-, caut-, diligen- vesiculo-, vestibulo-; base lacun-. caries comb cario- See hollow carp base cyprin- cease comb stasi-, -stasis, -stat; base carry(ing) comb -fer, -ferous, -ger- fin-, termin- ous, -parous, -pher, -phore, cecum comb ceco-, typhlo- -phorous; base -port-, -vect- cedar base cedr- cartilage comb chondr-, chondrio-, celebration comb -fest, -mas; suf-ia. chondro-, xiphi-; eyelid-: tarso- celestial activity comb astro- carve comb -glyph, glypto- cell comb alveolo-, celli-, celluli-, case comb angio-, chlamyd-, coleo-, cellulo-, -cyte, -cythemia, cyto-, meningo-, -theca, theci-, theco- -gonium, kyto-, -plasm, plasmo- cash comb -penny ; base chremat-, cellulose comb cello- 1 -numm-, -pecun-, quaest- celom comb celo- cashew base anacard- Celt comb Celto- cassowary base casuar- cement comb glea- castorwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com oil base ricinol- cemetery base coemet, coimet- cat comb aeluro-, ailuro-, gato-; center comb centr-, centri-, -cen¬ base -fel-, gale-3 tric, centro- catch comb -tain; base -cap(t)-, centipede base chilopod-, scolopen- -cathex-, -ger-, -hapt-, -prehend, dri- prehens-, rap-, rep-, -ten- cereal base frument- caterpillar base bruch-, -camp-2, cervical comb cervico- eruc- chaff base palea- catfish base silur- chain base eaten-, vine- catkin base ament-2, -juli- chair base cathedr-, sedil- cauliflower base brassic- chalk base cimol-, -cret-, gypso-; cause, causing pre be-, em-, en-2, [geology] comb cretaceo- meta-, trans-; comb aetio-, -blast, chamber comb alveolo-, atrio-, -blastic, blasto-, -craft, ergo-, antro-, -coele, coelo-, parieto-, etio-, -facient, -fie, -fication, -gen, sino-, sinu-, sinuso-, syringo-, -genesis, -genie, -genous, -geny, ventriculo-, vesiculo-, vestibulo-. -parous, -plasia, -plasis, plasmo-, See hollow -plast, -plastic, plasto-, -plasty, chamois base rupicap- -poiesis, -poietic, -trope, -tropic, chance comb clero-, faust-, tycho- -tropism, tropo-, -tropous, -tropy, change pre be-, em-, en-, meta-, -urgy; base -fabr-, -fee-, -mut-, trans-; comb aetio-, -blast, -blas¬ -vert-; suf-âtey -en, -fy, -ize, -otic tic, blasto-, -craft, ergo-, etio-, caused by suf-atory, -ic, -ing -facient, -fie, -fication, -gen, channel • citric 108 FINDER

-genesis, -genie, -genous, -geny, thoracico-, thoraco- ; base -parous, -plasia, -plasis, plasmo-, pector- -plast, -plastic, plasto-, -plasty, chestnut base aescul-, -castan- -poiesis, -poietic, -trope, -tropic, chew base manduc-, -mastic-, trog- -tropism, tropo-, -tropous, -tropy, chickadee base par-2 -urgy; base camb-, -fabr-, -fee-, chicken base gallin-, pull-. See cock -mut-, -vari-, -vert-; sw/-ate, en, chicory base cichor- -fy, -ize, -otic chief comb arch-1, archi-, proto-; channel comb aulo-, follic-, meato-, base -prim-, -princip- poro-, salpingo-, siphono-, child comb paedo-2, pedi-, pedo-2, soleno-, syringo-, tubi-, tubo-, proli-, teeno-; base -fil-2, -puer-, tubulo-, vasi- ; base strig- tek- character comb etho-, -hood, quali- ; childbirth comb lochio-, maieusi-, sw/-ity -para, -parous, -tocia, toco-, characteristic of 5w/-an3, -ar, -ary, toko-, -toky; base -partur- -ate2, -ean, -en, -esque, -ian, -ic, chimpanzee base sim- -ical, -il, -ile, -ine, -ish, -istic, chin comb -genia, genio-, geny-, -like, -ly, -ous, -ular, -ulent, mento- -ulose, -y. See belonging to Chinese comb Chino-, Sino- characterized by s«/-acean, chisel comb scalpri- -aceous, -acious, -aire, -al, -ate, chlorine comb chloro-, perchloro- 2 -edwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, -eous, -ey, -ful, -gerous, -ial, choice base -opt-1, -vol- -ine, -ious, -itious, -oid, -orious, choke base -pnig- -ory, -ose, -osity, -ous, -some, chore comb arti-, -craft, -ergasia, -ular, -ulent, -ulose, -ulous, - ergasio-, -ergics, ergo-, -ergy, 1 wise, -y organo-, -urgy; base -labor-, chariot base harmat- lucubr-, oper-1, -opus-, pono-2 chasm base vorag- chromatin comb chromato- chastisement comb mastigo-, chromium comb -chrome rhabdo-; base castig-, peno-, chromosones: of a specified multi¬ poine-, -pun- ple of comb -ploid chatter base garrul-. See talk church comb ecclesiastico-, kil(l)- cheat base apat-, dolero-, ludif- chyle base chyl- checked comb brady-; base -cunct-, cilia comb cilii-, cilio- imped-, -mora-, -tard-. See in¬ cirde comb ano-, annul-, crico-, hibit cyclo-, disco-, globi-, globo-, cheek comb bucco-, -genia, genio-, 2 glom-, gyro-, orbito-, -sphere, geny-, mel(o)- , -paria, zygo- sphero-, stilli-, zon-, zoni-; matico-, zygomato- base -anu-, -cing-, -cinct-, cheerful comb chero-; base beati-, -circin-, -circul-, -coron-, felic-, jubil-, macar- -glomer-, -numm-, -orb-, -rot-, cheese comb tyro- ; suf case- -troch- chemicals comb chemo- citizen (of) base -civ-; suf -an, cherry base -ceras- -ian, -ite chest comb sterno-, stetho-, citric base citro- FINDER 109 city • column city comb -burg(h), -polis, -ton, -nebul-, -nubi- ; rounded~: mam- -ville; base -civ-, -urb- mato- civet base viverr- dub base clavi-, rhopal- clamor base crépit-, frem-, ligyr-, clumps comb cespitoso- ; base strep(i)-, strid-, stridul-. See -glob-. See tufts sound duster base corymbi-, glom-, clan base -phrat- racem- clarion base -litu- clutch comb -tain; base -cap(t)-, class names suf-ia. -cathex-, -ger-, -hapt-, -prehend, clatter base -strepit- prehens-, rap-, rep-, -ten- clavide comb cleido-, clido- coal comb anthraco- ; base -carb- claw comb -chela, cheli-, helo-, coast shore: base littor-, maritim- onycho-, -onychia; base -ungui-, cobweb base arachn- ungul- coccus comb -coccal clay comb argillaceo-, argillo-, coccyx comb coccy-, coccygo- limo-1, pelo- cock base alector-, alectry- cleanse comb balneo-; base ablut-, cockroach base blatt-1 cathar-, -lav-, -mund-2, -purg- coercion comb dyna-, dynamo-, clear comb lampro-, lue-, luci-; base mega-, mégalo-, -megaly, -sthe- -clar- nia, stheno-; base -fore-, -fort-, cleaver base -dolabr- -poten-, robor- cleft comb dicho-, -fid2, fissi-, coil comb cirri-, cochlio-, gyro-, schisto-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, schizo-, sulcato-, -tomy; helico-, spiro-2, strepto- ; base base fatisc-, -par-, rim-. See stromb-. See curl groove coin base numisma-, -numm- clever base ingen- coincide base concinn-, congru-, cliff base scopul- unanim- climb base -ascend-, ascens-, -seal-, coition comb -lagnia; base -coit- -scand-, -scans- cold comb cheima-, crymo-, cryo-, cloak base chlamyd- frigo-, gelo-, kryo-, pago-, psy- clockwise comb dextr(o)- chro-, rhigo-; base alg-, glac- clod base gleb- collar base coll-1 dose by pre a-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, al-, collarbone base clavi-1 an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, by-, cis-, collection of sw/-ad, -age, -ery, epi-, para-, peri-; comb juxta-, -hood, -ship citra-, pene-, proximo- collodion comb collodio- closed, closure comb -atresia, colon comb coli-1, colo- atreto-, claustro-, cleido-, -cleisis, color comb chromato-, -chrome, cleisto-, stego-; base -clithr-, - chromo- ; base -pigm-, -tinct-, clud-, -clus- -ting- ; colored: comb -chroous; clot comb thrombo- ; base grum- two-colored: comb dichro-. Also clothing base habil-, hesto-, see "Colors" in Part III -vest- colorless comb leuco-, leuko- cloud comb fracto-, nephelo-, column base stylo-2; small-: col- nepho-, nimbo- ; base homichlo-, umelli- comb • condensed 110 FINDER comb base cteno-; -teeth: pecti- -an, -ar, -ary, -ean, -en, -eous, nato- -esque, -fui, -ic, -il, -ile, -ine, combat comb macho-, -machy, -ing, -ish, -itious, -ize, -like, -ode, pugn- ; base -bell-, pugil- -oid, -ose, -osity, -some, -tious, combine pre co-; comb conjugate-, -ular, -y 2 -ergasia, gameto-, gamo-, hapto- , compel See urge junct-; base aps-, apt-, -greg-, competence base quali- -soc-; sw/-ate, -ize competitive event comb -athlon, combustible comb ard-, ars- -athon, -off2 come base -ven(t)- complain base -quer-, -querul- comestibles comb bromato-, complement of pre co- -brotic, manduc-, opso-, -phage, complementary comb counter- phago-, -phagous, -phagy, -sitia, complete(ly) pre be-, cata-, cath-, sitio-, sito-, -troph, -trophic, de-, kata-, ob-, per-; comb holo-, tropho-, -trophy, -vora, -vore, omni-, pan-, panto-, stone-, toti- -vorous; base -alim-, -cib-, escul-, compound names comb tetrazo- ; -gust-, -nutr- ; partially di- swf-ide, -ole1 gested~: chymo- comprehension comb -gnomy, command base -imper-, juss-, -gnosia, -gnosis, -gnostic, gnoto-, -mand- ideo-, -noia, -nomy, -phrenic, commence base inaug-, incip-, init- phrenico-, phreno-, psycho-, commercial names suf-co> -ine -sophy; base -cogit-, -cogn-, epis- commowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comn comb caeno-1, ceno-2, tem-, ment(a)-, -noe-, -put-, coeno-, pan-1; base -commun-, ratio-, -sci- -vulg-; ~people: comb demo-; computer comb cyber- base -pleb-, -popul- concave comb concavo- commotion base -agit-, -tumult-, concealed pre sub-; comb calypto-, -turb- crypto- ; base occult- community base synœc- concept comb -gnomy, -gnosia, compact dense: comb dasy-, pycno-, -gnosis, -gnostic, gnoto-, ideo-, pykno- ; base -crass-, -press-, -noia, -nomy, phreno-, psycho-, -spiss- ; small: comb brachio-, -sophy; base -cogit-, -cogn-, epis- brachisto-, brachy-, brevi-, tem-, -noe-, -put-, ratio-, -sci- chamae-, hekisto-, micro-, mini-, concise comb brachio-, brachisto-, nano-, parvi-, parvo-, -steno-; brachy-, brevi-, chamae-, hekisto-, base cort-, curt-; suf-de, -cula, micro-, mini-, parvi-, parvo-, -cule, -culum, -culus, -een, -el, steno-, tapino- ; base -cort-, -curt-, -ella, -en, -et, -ette, -idion, exig-; sw/cle, -cula, -cule, -idium, -ie, -ilia, -illo, -isk, -kin, -culum, -culus, -een, -el, -ella, -le, -let, -ling, -ock, -ola, -ole, -en, -et, -ette, -idion, -idium, -ie, -rel, -ula, -ule, -ulum, -ulus, -y -ilia, -illo, -isk, -kin, -le, -let, comparable pre para-, quasi-; comb -ling, -ock, ola, -ole, -rel, -ula, homeo-, omœo, homoio-, ho- -ule, ulum, -ulus, -y molo-, iso-, -phane, -phanic; base conclude base -fin-, termin- simil-; sw/-acean, -aceous, -al, condensed comb brachio-, FINDER 111 condition • control brachisto-, brachy-, brevi-, consistent comb even- chamae-, hekisto-, micro-, mini-, constitution comb -ousia, -ousian; parvi-, parvo, steno-, tapino-; base quid- base -cort-, -curt-, exig-; sw/-cle, constrained comb -bound -cula, -cule-, culum, -culus, -een, constriction comb lepto-, stegno-, -el, -ella, -en, -et, -ette, -idion, steno-; base -stal-, -strict-. See -idium, -ie, -ilia, -illo, -isk, -le, tightening -let, -ling, -ock, -ola, -ole, -rel, construction comb -craft, ergo-, -ula, -ule, -ulum, -ulus, -y -fie, -urgy; base -fabr-, -fac-, -fie-. condition su/-able, -acity, -acy, See make -age, -ance, -ancy, -ant, -asis, contagious base-tapin- -asm, -ate, -atile, -ation, -cy, container comb angio-, asco-, bursi-, -dom, -eity, -ence, -ency, -ent, burso-, ceco-, chlamyd-, chrysali-, -ery, -esis, -fui, -hood, -iasis, cisto-, coleo-, -cyst, cysti-, cysto-, 1 -ice , -ility, -ion, -ise, -ism, -ity, follic-, meningo-, pericardiaco-, 3 3 -ling , -ma, -ment, -ness, -or , pericardio-, peritoneo-, phasco-, -osis, -otic, -red, -ship, -sion, -sis, physa-, physali-, physo-, -theca, 1 -th, -tion, -tude, -ture, -ty , -ure, theci-, theco-, typhlo-, utri-, -f utric, vesico-; base -sacc-, -thylac- conduct behavior: comb etho- ; base containing comb -filled, pleni-, hexi-; lead: comb -arch, -duce, pleo-, pluri-; base -pier-, -plet-; swf-acious, -ate, -ic, -ful, -lent, duc(t)-, magist-; base hegemon-, www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com-ose2, -osity, -ous, -ulent, -y -reg- contempt base fastid- cone comb coni-2, conico-, cono-, contentment comb chero- ; base conoido- ; pine-: strobil- confer base -don- beati-, felic-, jubil-, macar- configuration comb topo- contest comb -athlon, -athon, confine comb sphingo-, -strain, macho-, -machy, -off; base agon- -strict, syndesmo-; base -liga-, continent base -epeiro- -merinth-, -string-, -vine- continual base assid-, contin-, conflict comb macho-, -machy; base incess-, perpet- -bell-, -pugil-, -pugn- contorted comb contorto-, gyro-, confusion comb atax-, ataxi-, helico-, pleco-, plecto-, spiro-, -ataxia, ataxio-, ataxo- ; base strepho-, strepsi-, strepto-; base mise-, -turb- -strob-, -stromb-, -stroph-, -tors-, connected (with) base hirmo-, nex- ; -tort- sw/-ar2, -arious, -ary, -id1, -wise; contraction comb -chorea, choreo-, -clonic, -clonus, -esmus, -ismus, ~twins: comb -pagia, -pagus spasmo-; base -stal-, vellic- conquer base vict-, -vine- contrary pre anti-, cata-, contra-, consecrated comb hagio-, hiero-; contre-, cross-, dis-, hetero-, ob-, base -sacr-, -sanct- un-, with-; comb counter-, enan- consequence comb ergo-, -ergic, tio-, oppositi- -ergy; sw/-age, -asm, -ata, -ation, -ency, -ism, -ma, -ment, -mony, control base magist-, maha- ; loss of~: comb -crasia -sion, -ure controversy • crazy 112 FINDER controversy base eris- count base calcul-, -comput-, -num- converge comb -ergasia, gameto-, counterclockwise comb laevo-, gamo-, hapto-, junct-; base -aps-, levo- -apt-, -greg-, -soc-; sw/-ate, counterfeit comb pseudo- -ize countless comb myrio- ; base conversation comb -claim, logo-, innum- -logue, -lalia, -lexia, lexico-, country base -rur-, -rustic-; ofa~: -lexis, -lexy, -logy, -phone, hono-, suf-ese, -ian; ~nam.es: comb - -phony, verbi-, verbo-, voc-, voci-, land; suf-ia. -voke; base -clam-, -diet-, coupled com b conjugate - -loc(u)-, -loqu-, -orat-, rhet- courtesan comb cypriano-, hetaero-, convex comb convexo-, gibboso- porno- ; base -meretric-, scort- ; cook base -coct-, mageir-, magir- brothel: lupan- coot base fulic- courtesy base -comit- copious base ampl-, copi-, largi- cousin base -sobrin- copper comb chalco-, cupreo-, covenant base fedi- cupri-, cupro-, cuproso- ; base cover(ed) with pre be-; comb ca- auricalc-. Also see "Colors" in Part lypto-, stegano-, stego- III covering comb lamelli-, lepido-, copy base -mim- squamo-, tecti-, tegu-, -theca, coracoid bone comb coraco- theco-, theci-, veli- ; base involver-, coral comb coralli- lorica-, oper-2, -scut-, strag-. See corwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comd comb -chorda, chord-, cordo-, skin funi-, tendo-; base cord-, resti- covert pre sub-; comb crypto-; base core comb caryo-, karyo-, nucleo- clandest-, furt- cork comb phello- ; base suber- covetousness base avar-, cup(id)-, cormorant base phalacrocorac- pleonec-, pleonex- corn base frument-, grani- ; ear of~: cow base bou-, bov-, bu-, -vacc- spici- cowardly base pav-, timid-, trep- cornea comb corneo-, kerato- cowl base cuculli- corpse comb necro- ; base -cadav- crab base cancr- ; hermit~: pagur- ; corpulent base obes-, pingu- sea~: gammar- crack comb dicho-, -fid, fissi-, correct(ion) comb ortho-; base cas- tig-, emend- schisto-, schizo-, sulcato-, -tomy; corruption comb lysi-, -lysis, lyso-, base fatisc-, -par-, rim- -lyte, -lytic, -lyze, phthino-, craft base techn-. See make phthisio-, -phthisis, phthysio-, crane comb alector-, grallator-, -phthysis, putri-, pyo-, pytho-, grui- sapro-, septi-, septo-, septico-; crater base crateri- base phthor-, vitia- craving comb eroto-, -lagnia, cortex comb cortico-, pallio- -mania, -orexia; base -appet-, costof sw/-age conat-, -cup-, -libid-, -opt-, veil-; costly base dapat- 5w/-urient cotton base xilin- crazy comb lysso-, -mania; base ament-, dement- cough base -tuss- FINDER 113 creak • cutting creak base -crep-, -crépit-, strid-, lachrim(o)-, lachrym(o)-, -plor-; stridul- call out: comb -claim; base -clam-, creased base -rug- -plor- create/creation pre be-, em-, en-, crystal comb crystallo- meta-, trans-; comb aetio-, -blast, cube comb cubi-, cubo- ; base tesser- -blastic, blasto-, -craft, ergo-, cuckoo base cucul- etio-, -facient, -fie, -fication, -gen, cucumber base cucumi- -genesis, -genie, -genous, -geny, cudgel base fustig- -parous, -plasia, -plasis, plasmo-, culpability base culp-, delinq-, -plast, plastic, plasto-, -plasty, laps-, -pecca-, sphal- -poiesis, -poietic, -trope, -tropic, cultivation comb -ponic -tropism, tropo-, -tropous, -tropy, culture comb ethno- -urgy; base -fabr-, -fee-, -mut-, cumulus comb cumulo- -vert-; sw/-ate, -en, -fy, -ize, -otic cunning base daedal- creep base -rept- cup (-shaped) comb calath-, calye-, crescent base crescenti-, lunul-, cotyle-, cotyli-, cotylo-, cupuli-, menisc- cyathi-, cyatho-, scyphi-, scypho- ; crest comb lopho-; base crist- base crin-, pocul- cricket base gryll-, locust- curing comb -iatrics, -iatr(o)-, crime pre dys-, mis-; comb caco-, -iatry, medico-; base cur-, san- enisso-, enosio-, kak-, kako-, mal-, curl, curly comb cirrhi-, cirrho-, male-, ponero-; base culp-, delict-, cirri-, cirro-, ulo-3; base cincinn-, facin-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, flagit-, hamart-, iniq-, -crisp-. See coil nefar-, pecca-, perdit-, current electrical: comb rheo- ; -prav-, sceler-, scelest-, turp- water: comb fluvio- ; base -potam-, 3 crisp comb ulo- rheum-, -rip- ; contemporary: See critical comb enisso- ; base critico- new crocodile base crocodil-, -gavial- curse base anathem- crooked comb ancylo-, ankylo-, curved comb ancylo-, ankylo-, -campsis, campto-, campylo-, -campsis, campto-, campylo-, -clinal, -clinate, -cline, -clinic, -clinal, -clinate, -cline, -clinic, clino-, -clinous, -clisis, curvi-, clino-, -clinous, -clisis, curvi-, cyrto-, -fleet, flex-, flexuoso-, cyrto-, -fleet, flex-, flexuoso-, lechrio-, loxo-, recurvo-, lechrio-, loxo-, recurvo-, repando-, scolio-, -tort, -verge; repando-, scolio-, -tort, -verge; base -clit-, -cliv-, sinu- base -clit-, -cliv-, sinu- cross comb cruci-, stauro- cushion base pulvin-, tylo- crosswise comb transverso- custom base mor-1, nomo-, -suet- crow comb coraci-, coraco- ; base customer base empt- corvin- cut comb -cide, cis-2, -cise, -ectomy, crowd comb ochlo- inciso-, -sect, temno-, -tmesis, crown base corolli-, -coron- -tome, tomo-, -tomous, -tomy; cruel base agrio- 2 base sec- crushing comb stip- , tribo-, -tripsy cutting surgical: comb -ectomy, cry tears: comb dacryo-, fleb-, flet, -tome, -tomy cuttlefish • dementia 114 FINDER

cuttlefish base -teuth-, sepi(a)- cylinder comb cylindro- cyanogen comb cyano- cypress base cupress- cycle comb cyclo- ; base circul-, orb- cyst base sacc-

D dagger base sica- decks comb -decker damaging comb noci-, pesti- ; base decline comb -atrophia; base dimin- -nox- decomposed comb septi-2, septo-1 damp comb hydro-, hygro-, udo-; decomposing enzyme suf -ase base humect-, ulig- decrease base decresc-, dimin- dance comb choreo- ; base orchest-, decree base -imper-, juss-, -mand- -salta-, tripud- deep comb batho-, bathy- ; base pro- dandruff base furfur-, porrig- fund- danger base pericul- deer base cervi-, elaph- Danish comb Dano- defeat base vict-, -vine- dark(ness) comb ambly-, melan(o)-, defecation comb -chezia, copro-, nycto-, scoto- ; base -achlu-, fim-, fimi-, kopro-, scato-, amaur-, fuse-, lyg-, obscur-, spatilo-, stereo-; base -fec(u)- tenebr- defect, bodily comb pero- ; base darwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comt basetel- -hamart-, -mutil- dative comb dativo- defending pre pro- ; base patroc- daughter comb fili- defense comb -phylactic, phylacto-, daughter-in-law base -nur(us)- -phylax, -phylaxis dawn base -auror-, eos(o)-, luc- deficiency comb isch-, oligo-, day base diurn-, ephem-, hemer-, -penia hodiern-, journ-, quotid- definition comb orismo- ; base daylight base -pheng- dior- deaf base coph-, -surd- deformed comb pero-; base -mutil- death comb mort(i)-, necro-, sapro-, degree swf-ency thanato-; base exanim-, nerter-, dehydrogenated comb dehydro- obit- ; deadly: phthart- deity comb theo-; base dei- debility comb astheno-, -atrophia, delayed comb brady-; base -cunct-, lepto-, -plegia, -plegy; base -debil-, imped-, -mora-, -tard-. See late dimin-, enerv-, flacc-, labe- delete base oblit- decaying comb cario-, lysi-, -lysis, deleterious comb noci-, pesti- ; base lyso-, -lyte, phthino-, phthisio-, -nox-, pericul- -phthisis, putre-, putri-, pytho-, delicate comb habro-, lepto-, subtil-, sapro-, septi-, septico-, septo-; tenu- base marcesc-, phthor-, tabe- ; suf delight comb chero- ; base beati-, -ase elat-, felic-, gaud-, jubil-, macar- deceptive base apat-, dolero-, ludif- dementia comb lysso-, -mania; base decide base crit-1 ament-, dement- FINDER 115 demon • dill demon comb daemono-, demono-; determine comb -gnomy, -gnosia, base diabol-, necyo-, satan- -gnosis, -gnostic, gnoto- demonstrating comb -deictic; base detestation comb miso-, -phobe, -monstr- -phobia, -phobic; base -invid-, dense comb dasy-, pycno-, pykno-, -ira(sc)-, odi- -spiss-; base -crass-; ~tufts: detrimental comb noci-, pesti- ; base cespitoso- -nox-, pericul- dentate comb dentato- development comb -blast, -blastic, deny base -neg- blasto-, -geny, -plasia, -plasis, deoxygenated comb deoxy- -plast, -plastic, plasto-, -plasty, depart base relinq- -trope, -tropism, tropo-, deposit of soft materials comb -tropous, -tropy; base -mut-, athero- -vari-, -vert- ; \ate~: serot- depraved pre dys-, mis-; comb device for measuring comb -meter caco-, enisso-, enosio-, kak-, devil comb demono-, necyo-, satan- ; kako-, mal-, male-, ponero-; base base -diabol- culp-, facin-, flagit-, hamart-, devoid comb ceno-, keno-; base iniq-, nefar-, pecca-, perdit-, -erem-, (ex)haur-, inan-, -vac(u)- -prav-, sceler-, scelest-, turp- devotion to, excessive comb -latry; deprive of pre ab-, apo-, be-, de-, su/-ism des-1, di-, dia-, dif-, dis-, e-, ec-, devour comb bromato-, -brotic, ef-,www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com ex-, for-, off-, se-, with-; comb manduc-, -phage, phago-, ectro- ; base -spol- -phagous, -phagy, -sitia, sitio-, depth comb batho-, bathy-; base sito-, -troph, -trophic, tropho-, -byss- -trophy, -vora, -vore, -vorous; deputy comb vice- base -alim-, -cib-, comest-, -ed-, derivative of pre meta-, para- escul-, glutt-, -gust- descended from comb -gone, dew comb droso-, -ror- -gonium, gono-, -gony, proli-; diaphragm comb -phrenic, su/-ing phrenico-, phreno- description comb -graphy dice base alea-, astragal-, clero-, desert comb eremo- cubo- deserving of comb -worthy die See death desire comb eroto-, -lagnia, -mania, different comb hetero- -orexia; base -appet-, conat-, difficult pre dys-; comb -bar, bary-, -cup-, -libid-, -opt-, veil- ; suf mogi- ; base ardu-, stren- -urient dig comb orycto-; base fod-, -foss- destination comb teleo-, telo-, digest comb peps-, pept-, pepto- ; ultim(o)-; base -fin-, -termin- partially-: comb chymo- destitute comb ptocho-, vidu- ; digestive fluid comb chyli-, chylo-, base- mendie-, -paup-, -pov- chymo- destroying comb lysi-, lyso-, -lysis, digitalis comb digito- -lytic, -lyze, -phage, phago-, dignity base celsi- -phagous, -phagy; base -ate-4, dilation comb -ectasia, -ectasis perd-, phthart-, -vast- dill base aneth- dimension • distinct 116 FINDER dimension comb -footer, -sized; -of -phony, verbi-, verbo-, voc-, voci-, a sheet: suf-mo. Also see "Dimen¬ -voke; base -clam-, -diet-, sion" in Part III -loc(u)-, -loqu-, -orat-, rhet-; de¬ diminution 5uf -aster2 fective-: comb -lalia, lalo-, -pha- diminutive ending suf-de, -cula, sia, -phasic, -phasis, -phasy, -cule, -culum, -culus, -een, -el, -phemia, -phemy; base psell- -ella, -en, -et, -ette, -idion, discover base heur- -idium, -ie, -ilia, -illo, -isk, kin, disease pre dys-, mal- ; comb loemo-, -le, -let, -ling2, -ock, -ola, -ole2, loimo-, noso-, -path, -pathic, -rel, -ula, -ule, -iilum, -ulus, -y3 patho-,-pathy; base aegr-, -morb-, dimness comb ambly-, melan(o)-, -pecca-; -names: comb -aemia, nycto-, scoto-; base -achlu-, -emia; sw/-asis, -ia, -itis, -oma, amaur-, fuse-, lyg-, obscur-, opac-, -osis; skin-: licheno-; -treat¬ tenebr- ment: comb -iatrics, iatro-, -iatry. dinner comb deipno-, prand- See disorder dip comb -merge, -merse disfigured comb pero- ; base -mutil- directing comb -agogic, -agogue; disgorge comb -emesis, -emetic, base -vers-, -vert- emeto- direction comb—ward, -ways, disgrace base sord-, turp- -wise; suf-em, -ling3; ~east: disgust base fastid- euro-, -orient-; ~north: -borea-, dish comb lecano-; base -leco-, septen- ; ~south: -austr-, noto- ; scutel- -west:www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com hesper-, occid-, -zephyr-. disk-shaped comb disco- ; base Also see "Direction" in Part -numm- III disorder comb atax-, ataxi-, -ataxia, dirt comb blenno-, -chezia, copro-, ataxio-, ataxo-, -thymia, -phre- edaph-, fim(i)-, kopro-, miso-2, nia, -phrenic; base -turb-; of per¬ myso-, -myxia, myxo-, paedo-1, sonality-: comb -tonia pedo-3, scato-, spatilo-, spurc-, display comb -orama, phaeno-, stegno-, stereo- ; base -fecu-, gleb-, pheno- ; base -monstr- hum-, macul-, molys-, rhypar-, dispute base velit- rhypo-, rypo-, sord- dissimilar comb aniso-, anomalo-, disastrous base funest- anomo-, perisso-, poikilo- discharge flow: comb rheo-, rheum-, dissolve comb lyo-, lysi-, -lysis, -(r)rhage, -(r)rhagia, -(r)rhea, lyso-, -lyte, -lytic, -lyze; base -(r)rhoea, -(r)rhoeica; base -liqu-, -solu-, -solv- -flu(v)-, -fus-; release: base distant comb disto-, tele- -miss-, -mit-, -pomp- distension comb -cele, -edema, gan- discipline comb mastigo-, rhabdo-; glio-, phlogo-, phym-, -phyma, base castig-, peno-, poine-, -pun- physa-, physo-, strum(i)-; base discontinue comb stasi-, -stasis, aug-, cresc-, physc-, strum-, -stat; base fin-, termin- -turn-, -turg-; s«/-itis discourse comb -claim, logo-, distinct separate: pre dia-, dis-, -logue, -lalia, -lexia, lexico-, for-, se-; comb -crit, dialy-, ideo-, -lexis, -lexy, -logy, -phone, hono-, proprio-, self-. See divided; clear: FINDER 117 distress • drunk

comb lampro-, lue-, luci-; base dotted comb punctato- ; base -clar- -stigm- distress base aerumn-, vex- double pre bi-, bin-, bis-, di-2, dy-, divalent sulfur comb sulfo- twi-; comb ambi-, ambo-, amphi-, divergent comb divergenti-, divergi-, ampho-, deutero-, deuto-, dicho-, vari- diphy-, diplo-, disso-, double-, divided pre sub-; comb dicho-, -fid, dui-, duo-, duplicato-, duplici-, fissi-, schisto-, schizo-, tomo-, dyo-, gemin-, zygo-. Also see -tomous, -tomy; -crosswise: "Numbers" in Part III decuss- doubtful base ambig-, ancip-, apor-, dividing wall comb sept(o) -2 dub-, vagu- divination comb -mancy, -mantic; dove base columb- base augur-, hariol-, vatic-. Also down (from) pre a-, ab-, abs-, cata-, see "Divination" in Part III cath-, de-, kata- dizziness comb dino-2; base vertig- downcast comb lype- ; base dolor-, do pre em-, en-; comb -craft, ergo-, fleb-, flet, luct-, -trist- -facient, -fie, -fication, -gen, dozen comb dodeca-, duodec-, -genesis, -genie, -genous, -geny, duodecim-, duoden- ideo-, -plast, -plastic, plasto-, dragon base draco-, draconi- -plasty, poiesis, -poietic,-urgy; dragonfly base libell(un¬ base -fabr-, -fac-, -fee-1; suf -ate, draw art: comb -gram, graph(o)-, -en, -fy, -ize -pict-;pulhbase -duct, -tract-; docilwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.come base moriger- -forth: base -haur-, -haust- doctor comb iatro- ; base -med- dread comb -phobe, -phobia, -pho¬ doctrine s«/-ism, -logy bic, phobo-; base pavid-, tim(or)-, dodo base did- trem-, trep-. Also see "Fear" in doer su/-an, -ant, -ard, -arian, -art, Part III -ary, -ast, -ator, -ee, eer, -en, dream comb oneiro- 2 -ent, -er, -ette, -ier, -ist, -le, dregs base fee- -man, -nik, -o, -or, -person, drink comb pino-, poto-; base -bib-, -people, -ster, -woman pocul-; -made from :>suf dog comb cyno-, kyno; base -can-1 -ade dogma comb dogmato- dripping base driri- doleful comb lype-; base dolor-, drive base -pel-, -pul- fleb-, flet-, luct-, trist- driving away, out comb -fuge doll comb paedo-2 drooping comb -ptosia, -ptosis; dolphin base delphin- base -flacc-. See bent domainof su/-dom2 drop liquid: comb gutti-, stilli-; base donkey base as-, ono- stact-, stagm- ; fall: comb -ptosia, door comb osti-, porto-; base valv- -ptosis; base -cad-, -cas-, -cid- dormouse base glir-, myox- dropping base stalac-, stalag- drugs com b pharmaco- ; base dorsum comb dorsi-, dorso-, nota-, noto-, opistho-; base medic- -terg- drum comb tympano- dose comb poso- drunk base inebr-, methys-, temul- dry • eleven 118 FINDER dry comb carpho-, xero-; base arid-, dusk base -crépus-, lyg- celo-2, cherso-, -sicc- dusky comb fuse-, fusco-, -phaein, dry out base marces-, marcid- phaeo-, phein-, pheo- duck base anat-, fuligul- dust comb coni-1, -conia, conio-, dull base hebet-, obtus-, -tard-; konio-; base amath-, pulver-; ~vision: comb ambry- dusty place: conist- dung comb -chezia, copro-, fimi-, duty comb hypegia-, hypengy-; base kopro-, scato-, spatilo-, sterc(o)-; paralip- base -fec(u)-, -merd-; -hill: dwarf comb chamae-, nan(n)o-, sterquil- dwelling comb ekist- ; base -aed-, during pre con-, in-, inter-, per- -cali-, -dom-, -edi-; s«/-age

each comb katheno- effort base conat-, peir- eager base avid-, cupid- egg comb oo-, ovario-, ovi-1, ovo-; eagle base aet-, aquil- -yolk: lecith-, lecitho-, vitell- ; ear comb auri-1, auriculo-, oto-. See shaped: ovato- sound Egyptian comb Egypto- early pre ante-, pre-; comb prim-, eight comb octa-, octo-, ogdo-; primi-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, primo-, proto- ; -period: -hundred: octocent-. Also see pre eo- ; comb paleo-, protero- "Numbers" in Part III earth comb agro-, -gaea, geo-, hum-; eighteen comb duodeviginti-, base secul-, tellur-, -terr- octakaideca- earthquake comb seismo-, tromo- eighth base octan- earwig base forficul- eighty base octogen-, octoges- east base euro-, -orient- eland base taurotrag- easy base -facil- elation base jubil- eating comb bromato-, -brotic, elbow base -ancon- manduc-, -phage, phago-, elderly comb gerasco-, gero-, -phagous, -phagy, -sitia, sitio-, geronto-, grand-, presby-, pres¬ sito-, -troph, -trophic, tropho-, byter- ; base -antiqu-, -sen-, -vet- ; -trophy, -vora, -vore, -vorous; -woman: grao- base -alim-, -cib-, comest-, -ed-1, electric(al) comb electro-, galvano- ; escul-, glutt-, -gust- -induction: comb inducto- eccentric comb aetheo-, anom(o)-, elementary base prim-, -rud- ; anomalo-. See irregular -particle: comb stoichio-; suf-on educate comb -pedia; base -didact-, elephant base elephant-, pachy¬ doc-, -paed- derm- eel base anguill-, -cyclostom-, -mu- elevation comb aero-, alti-, alto-, raen- bato-, hypsi-, hypso-; base pro- effect comb -ergy cer- efficient base efficac-, habil-, quali- eleven comb endeca-, hendeca-, un- FINDER 119 elk • essence

deca-, undecim-. Also see "Num¬ laki-, poly-; base ampl-, -aug-, bers" in Part III -cresc-, dilat-, -fold-, pier-, -plet- elk base cerv- enormous comb bronto-, dino-, gi- elm base ulm- ganto-, mega-, mégalo-, -megaly emaciated base tab-. See wasting enter comb intro-; base ingress- away enthusiasm base ard-, alacr-, -ferv-, emanation comb atmo-, -capnia, zelo- capno-, vapo-, vapori-; base entice base lenocin- nebul- entire(ly) pre be-, cata-, de-, kata-, embarrassment base pud-, ob-, per-; comb holo-, omni-, verecund- pan-, panto-, stone-, toti- embezzle base pecul- entrance comb porto- emboss base toreut- entreaty base litan-, -preca- embryo(nic) comb -blast, -blastic, enveloped pre be- ; comb calypto-, blasto-, -blasty; base embry- stegano-, stego- emendation comb ortho- ; base environment comb -cole, -colent, castig-, emend- -colous, eco-, oeco-, oiko-; base emerald base smaragd- -aed-, -dom-, -edi- eminent comb over- envy base -invid- emotiotfSrT&mfr thymo- ; disor¬ enzymes comb zym-, zymo-; suf dered^: -thymia -ase empty comb ceno-3, keno- ; base epidemic base luet-, morb-, pestil- -erem-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, (ex)haur-, inan-, -vac(u)- epoch comb -cene emu- base rat- equal(ly) pre co-; comb equi-, emulation base zelo- homalo-, homo-, homolo-, iso-, enamel comb amelo- pari-, tauto- encounter base congress-, congru- equivalent pre para-, quasi-; comb encourage base -hort- homeo-, omoeo, homoio-, ho¬ end comb teleo-, telo-, ultim-, molo-, iso-, -phane, -phanic; base ultimo-; base -fin-, -termin-; simil-; sw/-acean, -aceous, -al, endless: apeiro- -an, -ar, -ary, -ean, -en, -eous, enduring base diuturn-, dur(o)-, -esque, -fui, -ic, -il, -ile, -ine, perenn-, perm-, stabil- -ing, -ish, -itious, -ize, -like, -ode, enema base clysm- ; clyst- -oid, -ose, -osity, -some, -tious, enemy base advers-, hostil-, inimic- -ular, -y energy comb dyna(mo)- erase base oblit- engagein swf-ize erect comb ithy-, ortho-, recti-; base 3 English comb Anglo- ard- engrave comb -glyph, glypto- ermine base mustel- enigmatic comb enigmatico- error base culp-, delinq-, laps-, enlarged pre ad-, extra-, hyper-, pecc-, sphal- super-; comb auxano-, auxo-, eruption comb -anthema multi-, myria-, myrio-, out-, erythrocyte comb erythro- over-, -plasia, pleni-, pleo-, pleio-, essence base -ousia, -ousian, pleon-, plethys-, plio-, pluri-, pol- quid- eternal • eye 120 FINDER eternal comb ever- ; base etern-, fimi-, kopro-, scato-, spatilo-, perpet-, semper- stereo-; base -fec(u)-, -merd- ethers sw/-ole exertion comb -ergasia, ergasio-, ethical comb ethico- -ergic, ergo-, -ergy, -orial, -pra- ethmoid bone comb ethmo- gia, -praxia, -praxis; sw/-esce, European comb Euro-, Europaeo-, -escence, -escent, -esis; quality Europeo- of-: comb -pragia eustachian tube comb salpingo- exhaustion comb pono-; base -fatig-, even level: comb homalo-, homolo-, -kopo-, -lass- plani-, piano-, plate-, platy-; exhibit comb phaeno-, pheno-; number: artio-. See equal base -monstr- evening comb -noct(i)-, nyct(o)-; existence comb onto- ; base base crépus-, -vesper- -esse- event comb -athlon, -athon, exit base egress-, relinq- -machy, -off. See festival expansion comb -ectasia, -ectasis; everlasting base assid-, contin-, base -dilat- incess-, perpet- experienced base -vet- every comb katheno-, omni-, pan-, experiment base peir- pant(o)- extended comb dolicho-, -footer, evil pre dys-, mis-; comb caco-, longi-, macro-, maxi-; base pro- iniq-, kak(o)-, mal(e)-, ponero-; cer- ; ~words: sesquipedal- base -prav-, sceler-, turp- extent comb quant(i)-; sw/-age, evolutiowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comn comb -genesis. See cre¬ -ful, -ling3 ation external comb ect(o)-, exo-, examination comb -opsy, -scope, extra- -scopic, scopo-, -scopy; base extinct mammal form comb -(in)quir-, -(in)quis-, -scrut- -there, therio-, thero- example of comb -type; 5w/-ism extol base laud- excessive pre hyper-, super-, ultra-; extra pre hyper-, super-. See in¬ comb over-, poly-; ~craving: creased comb -lagnia, -mania; ~devotion: extremity comb aero-, aorto-, comb -latry; sw/-ism; ~drinking -mele, -melia1, melo-3 and eating: base crapul- ; ~flow: exultation comb chero- ; base beati-, comb -(r)rhagia, -(r)rhage, felic-, jubil-, macar- -(r)rhagy eye comb eid(o)-, oculi-, oculo-, exchange base -allac-, -allag-, -al- op-, ophthalmo-, -opia, opsi-, laxis-, camb- -opsia, -opsis, opso-2, -opsy, op- excision comb -(ec)tomy tico-, opto-, -scope, -scopic, excite comb agito- ; base -cit- -scopy; base blep-, ommat-, exclaim base clam-, vocif- -spec-, -spic-, -vid-, -vis-; cornea exclude pre ab-, apo-, be-, de-, des-, of-: comb corneo-, kerato-; cor¬ di-, dia-, dif-, dis-, e-, ec-, ef-, ex-, ner of ~: canth(o)-; -covering: for-, off-, se-, with-; comb ectro-; sclero-; iris of~: irido-; -lash: base -spol- cili- ; -lid: blepharo-, tarso-; one- excrement comb -chezia, copro-, eyed: lusc- ; pupil of-: core(o)-, FINDER 121 eyebrows • feeding on -coria, coro-, -koria, pupillo-; tween~: glabello- -retina: retino- eyelet comb ocelli- eyebrows base ophry- ; space be-

fabricate/fabrication prebe-; comb fast comb ocy-, tacho-, tachy; base -craft, ergo-, -facient, fie-, alacr-, -celer-, veloc- -fication, -plastic, -plast, plasto-, fasten base -hapto-2, pegm-. See -plasty, -poiesis, -poietic, -urgy; bind 2 base aedi-, edi-, -fabr-, -fac-, -fee-; fasting comb limo- 1 suf -ate, -fy, -ize fat comb adip(o)-, lipo- , pimel(o)-, face comb facio-, prosop(o)-, - pio-, stearo-, steato-; base -aliph-, visaged lipar-, -obes-, -pingu-, sebo-; faceted comb -hedral, -hédron -degeneration: comb -demia fact of being suf-cy, -ency father comb pater-, patri- faded base -marc- father-in-law base socer- fail(ure) pre dis- ; base atychi-, kak- fatigue comb pono- ; base -fatig-, orrhaph- -kopo-, lass- fainting base asthen- fault base culp-, delinq-, laps-, faithwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com comb -ousia; base -cred-, -pecca-, sphal- -fid-1, -pist- ; su/-ism fear comb -phobe, -phobia, -pho¬ fake see false bic, phobo-; base pavid-, tim(or)-, falcon base accipit-, falconi-, -trem-, -trep-. Also see "Fear" in raptor- Part III fall base -autumn- feast day suf-fest, -ia, -mas falling comb -ptosia, -ptosis; base feather(like) comb penni-, pennati-, -cad-, -cas-, -cid- pinnati-, pinnato-, pinni-, fallopian tube comb salpingo- plum(i)-, pteno-, pter, ptero-, false comb mytho-, pseudo-; base pterono-, -pterous, pterygo-, fict-, kibdelo-, -mendac-, notho- -pteryl, ptilo-. See wing fame/famous base celebr-, laud-, feces comb -chezia, copro-, fim(i)-, -lustr- kopro-, scato-, spatilo-, stereo-; family base cogn-, famil-, stirp- base -fec(u)-, -merd- family names [zoology] swf-idae feeble comb astheno-, -atrophia, famine comb limo-2 lepto-, -plegia, -plegy; base -debil-, fan base rhipi-; -like: flabelli-, dimin-, enerv-, flacc-, labe- rhipido- feeding on comb bromato-, -brotic, far comb disto-, tele- manduc-, -phage, phago-, farewell base vale- -phagous, -phagy, -sitia, sitio-, farming base agricol-, agricult-, sito-, -troph, -trophic, tropho-, arat- -trophy, -vora, -vore, -vorous; fascia comb fascio- base -alim-, -bosc-, -cib-, -gust- feel • fish(like) 122 FINDER feel comb -aphia, -apsia, hapt(o)-, fight comb macho-, -machy, pugn-; -path, -pathic, patho-, -pathy, base -bell-, pugil- sensi-, senso-, sensori-, thigmo-; figure comb icono-, -form; base base -palp-, -sens-, -sent-, -tact-, schem- ; -with (x) angles: -gon; -tang- -with (x) surfaces: -hedral, feet long comb -foot(er) -hedron feign comb pseudo- ; base -simula- filament comb fili-, filio-, filamento-, felicity comb chero-; base beati-, filo-, mito-, nemato-; base sterna- felic-, jubil-, macar- filled with comb -filled, plen(i)-; female comb gyn(e)-, gyneco-, base -pier-, -plet-; sw/-acious, gyneo-, gyno-, -gynous, -gyny, -ate, -ic, -id2, -fui, -ose, -osity, -para, she-, thely-, -wife; base -ous, -ulent, -y femin- muliebr-, mulier-; s«/-a4, filter base col-2 -en, enne, -ess, -ette, -ice2, -ine, filth comb blenno-, -chezia, copro-, -stress, -trice, -trix; elderly-: grao- fim(i)-, kopro-, miso-, myso-, ferment social: base -agit-, - -myxia, myxo-, paedo-, pedo-, tumult-, -turb- scato-, spatilo-, spurc-, stegno-, fermentation comb zym(o)- stereo- ; base -fee-2, molys-, rhy- fern comb pterido- ; base filic- par-, rupo-, rhypo-, rypo-, sord- ; ferret base mustel-, viverr- filthy talk: borbor- ferric iron comb ferri- fin comb pinni-, pterygo- fervor base ard-, alacr-, -ferv-, zelo- final stage comb eschato-, teleo-, festivawww.IELTS4U.blogfa.coml (names) comb— athon, telo-, ultim(o)-; base -fin-, -fest, -mas; base -heort-; suf-ia -termin- fetus comb brepho-, cyo-, embryo-, finch base fringill- kyo-; -membrane: comb allanto-, find base heur- amnio- fine comb habro-, lepto-, subtil-, fever comb febri-, pyreto-, -pyrexia tenu- few comb oligo-; base pauc(i)- finger comb -dactyl, dactylo-, fiber base erio-, fibri-, ino- -dactylous, -dactyly, digiti-; -like: fibril-shaped comb fibrilloso- comb digitato-; -ring: comb fibrin comb fibrino- dactylio- fibrous matter comb fibro-, fibroso-, fingernail comb -onychia, onycho- funi-, strom-; -growth: ino-; Finnish comb Finno- -tissue: fascio- fir base abiet- fibula base peroneo- fire comb igni-, pyr(o)-; base ard-, fictitious comb pseudo- ars-, flagr-, flamm-, incend-, fiddle base pandur- phlog- field comb agri-, agro-; base agrest-, firefly frase lampyr- camp-1 firm comb duro-, sclero- fifteen base pentakaideca-, quindec-. first comb arch-, fore-, pre-, primi-, Also see "Numbers" in Part III primo-, pro-, proso-, protero-, fifty base pentaconta-, pentacosta-, proto- ; base -princip- quinquagen-, quinquages- fish(like) comb icthyo-, pisci-; base fig base -fici-, -syc- halieut- ; bony-: scopeli FINDER 123 fishing • foot fishing base riv- floor (soilbed) base edaph- fissure comb fissuri-, rim- flora comb botano-, herbi-, -phyte, fist base pug-, pygm- phyto-; base veget-; swf-aceae, fit seizure: comb -agra, -lepsia, -ad, -ales, -eae, -ia -lepsis, -lepsy, -leptic; capable: flour comb aleuro-; base farin- comb -worthy; sw/-able, -ibility, flower comb antho-, -anthous, flori-, -ible, -ile -florous; -garland: base corolli- five comb cinque-, penta-, quin-, flow(ing) comb rheo-, rheum-, quinque-, quint(i)-; "hundred: -(r)rhage, -(r)rhagia, -(r)rhea, quincent-. Also see "Numbers" in -(r)rhoea, -(r)rhoeica; base Part III -flu(v)-, -fus- fixation comb -lagnia, -philia; sur¬ fluid comb -plasm, plasmo- ; base gical-: -pexy -liqu-, -ner- fixed comb stasi-, -stasis, -stat, fluorescence comb fluo(ro)- stato- ; base stabil- fluorine comb fluo-, fluor (o)- flag comb vexillo- flute comb aulo- flamingo base phoenicopter- fly insect: base cyclorraph-, muse-1, flammable comb ard-, ars- myia- flank comb laparo- ftying comb aero-, avia-, avio-, flash comb sela-; base -fulg-, aviono-. See wing stilpno- foam base aphro-, -spum- flask base lagen-, ampul- focused on comb -centered, -centric flat www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comcomb plain-, plani-, piano-1, foe base advers-, hostil-, inimic- plat-1, platy-; -plain: pedion- fog comb fracto-, nephelo-, nepho-; flattery base adul-, bland- base brum-2, calig-, homichlo-, flatulence comb physa- nebul-, -nub- flavin comb -flavin, flavo- fold comb -plex, plicato-, plici-, flaw base culp-, delinq-, laps-, pecc-, -ptych sphal- follow(ing) pre epi-, meta-, post-; flax comb byssi-, linar- comb after-, hind-, postero- ; base flea base psyll-2, puli- -secut-, -sequ-; sw/-an flee base avers-, drapeto-, fug-, folly see foolish -phygo- food comb bromato-, -brotic, man- flesh comb carni-, carnoso-, creo-, due-, opso-, -phage, phago-, kreo-, -sarc, sarco-. See skin -phagous, -phagy, -sitia, sitio-, flexible base agil-, facil-, ingen- sito-, -troph, -trophic, tropho-, flight comb avi; base -fug-. See -trophy, -vora, -vore, -vorous; flying base -alim-, -cib-, escul-, -gust-, fling comb -bole, -bolic, bolo-, -nutr- ; partially digested-: -boly; base ballist-, -jact-, -jacula-, chymo-. Also see "Food" in Part -ject- III. flipper comb pinni-, pterygo- foolish base fatu-, inan-, moro-, flock base -greg- stult- flood base -antlo-, diluv-, inund-; foot comb ped-1, pedati-, -pede, -tide: plemyr- pedi-, pedo-1, -poda, -pode, footprint • fraudulent 124 FINDER

-podium, -pod, podo-, -podous, faust-; wealth: comb pluto-; base -pus base -plant- ; ~sole: -pelm-, opul- plant- forty base quadragen-, quadrages- footprint comb ichno-, stibo- forward pre fore-, pre-, pro-1; comb for pre pro- antero-, proso- forbid base prohib- fossil base oryct-; suf-ite force comb dyna-, dynamo-, mega-, foul dirt: comb blenno-, -chezia, mégalo-, -megaly, -sthenia, copro-, edaph-, fim(i)-, kopro-, stheno- ; base -fore-, -fort-, - miso-, myso-, -myxia, myxo-, poten-, robor- paedo-, pedo-, scato-, spatilo-, forceps base labido- spurc-, stegno-, stereo-; base forearm comb ulno- -fecu-, gleb-, hum-, macul-, forehead comb metopo- molys-, rhypar-, rhypo-, rypo-, foreign(er) comb perisso-, xeno-; sord- ; evil: prè dys-, mis- ; comb base -ali- caco-, iniq-, kak(o)-, mal(e)-, foremost comb arch-, archi-, proto- ; ponero-, -prav-, turp- base -prim-, -princip- foundation comb base-, basi-, baso- 2 forest comb dendri-, dendro-, fountain base cren- , pego- -dendron, hylaeo-, saltu-, silvi-, four(th) comb quadr-, quadrato-, xylo-; base arbor-, nemo(r), quadri-, quadru-, quart-, quarter-, -sylv- quarti-, quat-, quater-, tetarto-, forever comb ever-; base etern-, tetra-, tessera-; ~cycles: tetra-, perpet-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, semper- cyclo- ; "hundred: quadricent- ; forget base \eth- -times: tetrakis-. Also see "Num¬ forked base -furc- bers" in Part III form, a comb eid(o)-, -form, fourteen base quattuordec-, -morph, -morphic, -morphism, tessaradeca-, tetradeca-, tetra- morpho-, -morphous; base -figur-, kaideca- -schem- fowl base gallin- form, to pre be- ; comb aetio-, etio- ; fox base alopec-, vulpi- base -fabr-, fac-, fee-, fie- foxglove comb digito- formation pre em-, en-, meta-, fraction base -par-1, parti-; -of a trans-; comb -blast, -blastic, meter: comb -meter blasto-, -craft, ergo-, etio-, fracture comb -clasia, -clasis, -clas¬ -facient, -fie, -fication, -gen, - tic, rhegma-, -(r)raghia, -(r)rhexis; genesis, -genie, -genous, -geny, base agmat-, -fract-, frag-, -frang-, -parous, -plasia, -plasis, plasmo-, -rupt- ; bone-: catagm- -plast, -plastic, plasto-, -plasty, fragile see frail -poiesis, -poietic, -trope, -tropic, fragment comb clasmato-, -fid; base -tropism, tropo-, -tropous, -tropy, frust-, -par- -urgy; base -fee-, -mut-, -vert-; frail comb lepto-; base -asthen-, suf-ate, -en, -fy, -ize, -otic coupho-, -debil-, koupho- fornicate base copul-, scort-, stupr- framework base pegm- fortification base castella- fraudulent base apat-, dolero-, fortune luck: comb tycho-; base ludif- FINDER 125 freckle • garden freckle base lentig- froth base -spum- free comb eleuthero-^tee -liber-, fructose comb fructi-, fructo- vac(u)- / fruit comb -carp, -carpic, carpo-1, freeing comb lyo-/, lysi-, -lysis, lyso-, -carpous, pomi-, pomo-; base -lyte, -lytic, -tyze; base -liqu-, -frug-1; -sugar: fructi-, fructo- -solu-, -solv- ' fruitfly base drosophyl-, trypet- freezing comb cheima-, crymo-, fugitive base drapeto- cryo-, frigo-, gelo-, kryo-, pago-, full of comb -filled, pleni-, pleo-, psychro-, rhigo-; base alg-, glac- plero-, pluri-; base -pier-, -plet-; French comb Franco-, Gallo- suf-acious, -ate, -ic, -ful, -ilent, frenzied base frenet- -ose2, -osity, -ous, -ulent, -y frequent comb pluri-, pollaki-, poly- ; fun comb chero- base crebr-; sw/-le. See repeatedly function sw/-ate3, -ise fresh comb thalero- ; base -nov- functionally disordered pre para- friction comb tribo-, -tripsy; base funeral rites base epicid-, thren- trit- fungus comb fungi-, morilli-, friendship comb socio-; base -am-, -mycete, mycet(o)-, -mycin, amic-1, comit- myco-, uredo- ; base bolet- fright see fear funnel comb choano-, infundibuli- frigid see freezing fur base dora- fringe comb crosso-; base -fimbr-, furious base chol-, -invid-, -ira-, lacin-, thysan-; small-: fimbrilli-; -margy -withwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com hairs: fimbriato- furnish with pre be- ; suf -ate firog comb batracho-, bufo-, phryno-, furrow comb holco-, stria-, striato-, rani- ; base polyped- strio-, sulcato- ; base -scrobic-, from pre a-2, ab-, abs-, apo-, e-, ex-, strig- with- fusion pre co-; comb conjugato-, front pre ante-, pre-, pro-; comb -ergasia, gameto-, gamo-, hapto-, antero-, fore-, proso- junct-; base aps-, apt-, -greg-, frontal bone comb fronto- -soc-; sw/-ate, -ize frosf base cryo-, gel-1, kryo-, futile base futil-, inutil-, mataeo- pachno-, pago-, pruin-, rhigo-

gable base fastig- ganglion comb ganglio- gain base lucr-, quaest- gangrene base sphacel- gall bile: comb bili-, chol(e)-, gall-; gap base -apert-, -cav-, fenest-, tumorous plant tissue: cecid- foram-, œgo-, oigo-, osti-, patul-, galvanic comb galvano- pylo-, rim, valv- gambling base alea- garb base habil-, hesto-, -vest- gamete comb gameto- garden comb horti- garlic • goal 126 FINDER garlic base alii-, scoro- giraffe base artiodactyl- gas comb aeri-, aero-, gaso-, girdle comb zoni-, zono- ; base pneumo-; stotnach~: physa-, -cing-, zoster-. See band physo- give base -don-; ~birth: base gash comb -cide, cis-, -cise, -partur-; ~way: base -ced-, -cess- -ectomy, inciso-, -sect, temno-, glacier comb glacio- -tmesis, -tome, tomo-, -tomous, gland comb adeni-, adeno-, balani-, -tomy; base sec- balano-; swollen*: strum(i)- gastric comb chyli-, chylo-, chyma- glass(y) comb crystallo-, hyalo-, vit- gate comb porto-; base osti-, -pyl- reo-, vitri-, vitro-. See mirror gathered together comb cumulo- ; gleam comb sela-; base -fulg-, gano-, base acerv-, -sor- lustr-, rutil-, stilpno- gelatin comb gelatino- glittering base stilpno- generate comb aetio-, etio-, -gen, globe comb ano-, annul-, crico-, geno-, -genesis, -genie, -genous, cyclo-, disco-, globi-, globo-, -geny, -gone, -gonium, gono-, - glom-, gyro-, orbito-, -sphere, gony, -phyletic. See cause sphero-, stilli-, zon-, zoni-; base genital(s) comb genito- ; base -aede- ; -anu-, -cing-, -cinct-, -circin-, female~: colpo- ; male~: phallo- -circul-, -coron-, -glomer-, gentle base -len-, mansue-, miti-, -numm-, -orb-, -rot-, -troch- moll- gloomy base fuse-, obscur-, tenebr- geological epoch comb -cene glowworm base lampyr- geometriwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comc figure comb -gon, glue (like) comb colleto-, -glea, -hedral, -hedron -glia, glio-, glutin-, kollo- ; base gerbil base cricet- coll-2 German comb Germano-, Teutano-, glum comb lype-; base dolor-, fleb-, Teuto- flet, luct-, -trist- germinal comb -blast, blasto-, glutted comb -filled, pleni-, pleo-, -blasty, -carp, -carpic, carpo-, plero-, pluri-; base -pier-, -plet-; -carpous, sperma-, -spermal, sw/-acious, -ate, -ic, -ful, -ilent, spermatio-, spermato-, spermi-, -ose, -osity, -ous, -ulent, -y -spermic, spermo-, -spermous, glycerin, glycerol, glycogen comb sporo- ; base semin- glico-, gluco- germs comb bacilli-, bacillo-, - gnash base brux-, frend-, mol- bacter, bacteri-, bacterio- gnat base culici- get base -cap-, -cep-, -cip-, -dyte- gnaw base -trog-. See chew ghost base phantas-, phasm-, gnu base connochaet- spectr- go comb -grade, -motive, -plania , gibbon base hylobat- piano-; base -bat-, -ced-, -cess-, gift base don-, dor-, mun- -cur(s), -grad-, -gress-, -mob-, gigantic comb bronto-, dino-, -vad-, -vas-; ~away: out-; ~into: giganto-, mega-, mégalo-, -dyte-; ~forward: pro-; -toward: -megaly, super-. See large -bounds -petal gills comb -branchia, branchio- goal comb teleo-, telo-, ultim(o)-; ginger base zingiber- base -fin-, -termin- FINDER 127 goat • grow goat comb capfi-, egagro-, trago-; gray comb glauco-, -phaein, phaeo-, base hircin/ pheo-, polio-; base caesi-, -can-2, goblet base /pocul- -gris-, -tephr-. Also see "Colors" God comb theo- ; base dei- in Part III goiter base strum(i)- grazing base pascu- gold(en) comb auri-2, auro-, grease base lipar-, sebo-, unct-, chrys(o)-. Also see "Colors" in ungu- Part III great size: comb macro-, magni-, goldfish base cyprin- maxi-, plethys-; base -ampl-, gonad comb gonado- -maj-; sw/-fold. See gigantic good pre bene-, eu-; base agath-, greater pre super-; comb meizo-, bon-, prob- out- goodbye base vale- greed base avar-, avid-, cup(id)-, goods base empor-, -mere- edac-, gulos-, pleonec-, pleonex- goose base anser-, cheno- Greek comb Graeco-, Greco- ; base gorgeous comb calli-, callo- ; base Hellen- kal-, pulchr- green comb chloro-, glauco-, gorilla base -pong- olivaceo- ; base -beryl-, caes-, oliv-, gourd base cucurbit- porrac-, pras-, smaragd-, thall-, government comb -archy, -cracy, thallas-, verd-, -vir-, virid-. Also -crat(ic); base gubern- see "Colors" in Part III grab base rap-, rep-. See grasp gridiron base graticul- gracefuwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.coml comb habro- grief comb lype-; base dolor-, fleb-, grafting base surcul- flet-, luct-, trist- grain comb grani-; base farr-, grind base -brux-, frend-, mol- farrag-, -frument- grit comb ammo-, aren-, arenaceo-, gram comb -gram glare-, psammo-, sabul- grandfather base av(us)- groin comb bubo-, inguino- grandmother base av(ia)- groove comb bothr-, -glyph, glypto-, granite comb graniti-; like, of~: stria-, striato-, strio-, sulcato-; grano- base canalic-, sulc-. See cleft granular comb coni-, -conia, conio-, grope base pselaph- granulo- ground base edaph-, geo-, -hum-, grape (like) comb acini-, botry-, -terr- staphylo-, vini-, vino-, viti-; base group (of) sw/-age, -ery, -hood, racem-, -rhag-, -uvi-, -uvu- -ship grasp comb -tain; base -cap(t)-, group names [zoology] sw/-ini -cathex-, -ger-, -hapt-, -prehend, grouse base gallinac-, tetrao- prehens-, -ten- grove 5w/-etum grass base agrost-, gramin- grow, growth comb auxano-, aux- grasshopper base acrid-, gryll-, eto-, auxo-, -blast, -blastic, locust- blasto-, -blasty, -colous, -crease, grave comb -taph, tapho-; base -culture, -nastic, -nasty, onco-, sepul- -physis, -plasia, -plasis, -plast, gravel base glare- -plastic, plasto-, plethys-, verruci-; guess • head 128 FINDER

base -aug, -cresc-; sw/-oma, gullet comb esophago-, œsophago- -ome; -in: -cole, -colent, -colous; gulp base glutt- -together: symphyo- gum-yielding comb gutti- guess base -stoch- gums comb gingivo-, oulo-, ulo-2 guide base gubern- gyrating comb gyro- guilt base -culp- gyroscope comb gyro- gull base gavi-, lar-

H habit base -hexi- comb uranisco-, urano-; -shell: habitat comb -cole, -colent, base lorica-. See difficult -colous, eco-, oiko-; base -aed-, hare base cunic-, lago-, lepor- -dom-, -edi- harlot comb cypriano-, hetaero-, hailstone base grandin-, chalax- porno- ; base meretric-, scort- hair/hairlike comb capilli-, harmful comb noci-, pesti-; base chaet(o)-, cilii-, cilio-, -coma, -nox-, pericul- comi-, como-, crin(i)-, dasy-, harmony pre co-; base concinn-, fimbr-, fimbrilli-, pili-, pilo-, congru-, -eiren-, -iren-, -pac-, piloso-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, -trich, -tricha, tricho-, -pax, unanim- villoso-; base hirsut-, hispid-, harsh comb caco-; base acerb-, lanug-, -thrix-, vill- asper- half pre demi-, hemi-, semi- ; comb haste base alacr-, celer-, festin-, dicho-, mezzo-; base dimid- subit-; comb ocy-, tacho-, tachy- halibut base hippogloss- hatchet base dolabr-, pelec-, securi- halogen comb halo-; suf-ine hate(d) comb miso-, -phobe, - halt comb stasi-, -stasis, -stat, stato- ; phobia, -phobic; base -invid-, base fin-, termin- -ira(sc)-, odi- hammer comb malleo- ; base mall-, haul(ing) comb -fer, -ferous, -ger- sphyr- ous, -parous, -pher, -phore, hampered comb brady- ; base - -phorous; base -port-, -vect- cunct-, imped-, -mora-, -tard- having comb -echia; sw/-acean, 2 2 hand comb cheiro-, chiro-, hand-, -aceous, -al, -ate , -ed , -ful, -ger- mani-, manu- ous, -ial, -ine, -ious, -itious, -ory, handle base ansa-, manubr- -ous, -some, -ulent, -ulous, -wise, hang comb cremo-; base -pend-, -y; base -ten-; -partsxomb -fold -pens- hawk base accipit-, buteo-, falco-, happening every suf-ly hieraco- happiness comb chero-1; base beati-, hawthorn base -crataeg- felic-, jubil-, macar- hazard base pericul- harbor base limen- head comb capit-, cephal-, hard comb duro-, sclero-; -palate: -cephalic, cephalo-, -cephalous, FINDER 129 headstrong • holder

-cephaly, cranio-, kephalo-; hav¬ hemispheric comb hemispherico- ing a head: -headed; type of-: hen frasegallin- -pated heptillion comb yotta; ~th: yocto- headstrong base contum-, obstin-, herd base -greg- pervic-, proterv- heredity comb heredo- healing comb -iatrics, -iatr(o)-, heresy base heresio- -iatry, medico-; base cur-, san- hermit base eremit-; -crab: pagur- health base salub-, san-. See sick¬ hernia comb -cele, celo-1, hernio- ness heron base arde-, grallator- heap(ing) comb cumulo-; base herring comb harengi-; base clupe-, acerv-, -sor- halec- hearing comb acou-, acoust-, hesitate base cunct- audi(o)-, auri-, echo-, -ecoia, hexillion comb zetta-; ~th: zepto- oto-, -phone, phono-, -phony, hiccup base singult- -phthong, soni-, sono-, sonoro- hidden pre sub-; comb calypto-, heart comb cardi-, -cardia, cardio-, crypto- ; base occult- ; hiding -cardium, cordato-, cordi-, peri- place: latib-. See covered cardiaco-, pericardio- ; -attack: hide animal: comb pelli-; conceal: base angin-; -cavity: comb atrio-; See hidden -shaped: comb cordato- high(er) pre meta-, super-; comb heartbreak comb lype-; base dolor-, aero-, alti-, alto-, hypsi-, hypso- fleb-,www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com flet-,luct- , trist- higher valence pre per- ; suf-ic heat comb cal(e)-, calo-, calor(i)-, highest comb acro- pyr(o)-, -therm, thermo-, highway comb hodo, -ode, odo- ; -thermy; base aest-, caum-, ferv- base -iter-, -via- heave comb -bole, -bolic, bolo-, hill base coll-3 -boly; base -ballist-, -jact-, hinge base gingly- -jacula-, -ject- hip comb cotyle-, cotyli-, cotylo-, heavens comb ourano-, urano-; base coxo-, ischi(o)- cael-, eel- hiss base -sibil- heavy comb -bar, bari-, baro-, historical comb historico- grav(i)-; base -obes-, -pond- hit comb plessi-; base cop-, -crot-, Hebrew comb Hebraico- -cuss-, -plang-, puis-, -tus-, hedgehog base echin-, erinac- vapul-, -verber- heel-bone comb calcaneo-, ptern- hoard comb cumulo-; base acerv-, height comb aero-, alti-, alto-, 1 -sor- bato- , hypsi-, hypso-; base hoax base \udii- procer- hog base hyos- hell base acheron-, avern-, infern-, hold comb -tain; base -cap(t)-, -styg- -cathex-, -ger-1, -hapt-, -prehend, helmet base cassidi-, -gale- prehens-, -ten-; -back: prohib- help base -(ad)jut-, -(ad)juv-, holder comb angio-, asco-, bursi-, -auxil- burso-, ceco-, chlamyd-, chrysali-, helpful comb chreo-, chresto- ; base cisto-, coleo-, -cyst, cysti-, cysto-, -util- follic-, meningo-, pericardiaco-, hole • hydrocarbon 130 FINDER

pericardio-, peritoneo-, phasco-, house comb eco-, ekist-, oeco-, physa-, physali-, physo-, -theca, oiko-; base aed-, -dom-1, edi-; suf theci-, theco-, typhlo-, utri-, -age utric, vesico-; base -sacc-, -thylac- how many base quot- hole base cav-, foramin-, lacun-, howl base ulul-1 troglo-. See opening hub comb centr-, centri-, -centric, holler base clam-, vocif- centro- hollow comb cava-, -cave, cavi-, huge comb bronto-, dino-, giganto-, cavo-, -coele, coelo-, cotyle-, mega-, mégalo-, -megaly cotyli-, cotylo-, koilo. See cavity hull ship: base naut- ; husk: base holly base ilic- follic-, -lemma2, putamin- holy comb hagio-, hiero-, sanct(i)-; human comb anthrop(o)-, humano-. base -sacr- See people home (of) comb eco-, ekist-, nosto-, humid comb hydro-, hygro-, udo-; oeco-, oiko-; base aed-, -dom-, base humect-, madefac-, -rig- edi-; sw/-age hummingbird base trochil- honest base prob- humorous comb comico- honey comb mell(i)- hump comb cypho-, gibboso-, honeycomb comb favoso- ; base fav- hybo-, lordo-, scoli-; base -kyph- honor base timo- hundred comb cent(i)-, hecato-, honorable pre bene-, eu- ; base hecto-, hekto-; ~twenty: hecaton- agath-, bon-, prob- icosa- hoodwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com base calyptri-, cuculli- hunger base esur- ; ~for: comb hook base hamat-, -unci- eroto-, -lagnia, -mania, -orexia; hookworm base ancylostom- base -appet-, conat-, -cup-, -libid-, hope base -sper- -opt-, veil-; s«/-urient hormone names comb -kinin hunt base venat- horn, hornlike comb cerat(o)-, hurl comb -bole, -bolic, bolo-, -corn, corneo-, corni-, cornu-, -boly; base ballist-, -jact-, -jacula-, kerat(o)- -ject- hornbill base bucerot-, bucorac- hurricane base lilaps- hornblower comb keraulo- hurry base accel-, celer-, festin- hornet comb vespi-; base -sphec- hurt comb noci-; base -nox-, vuln-. horse comb equ(i)-, hippo-, See pain -hippus; base caball-, caval- husband base conjug-, marit- horsefly basetaban- hushed comb hesy- ; base -plac-, horseshoe base hippocrepi- quiesc-, -tacit- horsetail base equiset- husk comb follic-, -lemma2, puta- hospital base nosocom- min- host base -hosp-, -xen- hut base -cali- hostile pre anti- ; base inimic- hydraulic comb hydraulico- hot comb cal(e)-, calo-, calor(i)-, hydrides swf-ine pyr(o)-, thermo-, -thermy; base hydrocarbon suf-ene; -radical: suf aestu-, caum-, ferv- -ylene; -paraffin series: suf-âne; hour comb horo- -plus nitrogen: comb diazo- FINDER 131 hydrogen • in hydrogen comb -hydric hypnotism comb hypno- ; base hydroxyl radicals: comb -hydric; mesmer- -group: comb hydroxy- hyrax- comb chero-2, hyraci-, hygiene base salub-, san- hyraco- hyoid bone comb hyo- hysteria comb hyster(o)-

ice comb glacio-, pago-; base gel-1 immobility comb -plegia, -plegy icicle base stiri- immorality pre dys-, mis- ; comb icon comb icono- caco-, enisso-, enosio-, kak-, idea comb -gnomy, -gnosia, -gnosis, kako-, mal-, male-, ponero-; base -gnostic, gnoto-, ideo-, -noia, culp-, facin-, flagit-, hamart-, -nomy, phreno-, psycho-, -sophy iniq-, nefar-, pecca-, perdit-, base -cogit-, -cogn-, epistem-, -prav-, sceler-, scelest-, turp- -noe-, -put-, ratio-, -sci- immortal comb ever-; base etern-, identical pre co-; comb equi-, perpet-, semper- homo-, iso-, pari-, tauto- immovable comb stasi-, -stasis, idiot base fatu-, inan-, moro-, stult- -stat, stato-; base stabil- idle www.IELTS4U.blogfa.combase oti-, pigrit- immune comb immuno- idol comb idolo- impaired base vitia.- ignorant base hebet-, obtus-, -tard- impartial comb equi- ileac plus, ileum comb ileo-, ilio- impede comb isch-, koly-, -penia, ill(ness) pre dys-, mal- ; comb noso-, rhopo-, -strain, -strict; base -path, -pathic, patho-, -pathy; angust-, -string-; suf-en base aegr-, -morb-, -pecca-, vale- imperfection base culp-, delinq-, tud-; ~names: comb -aemia, laps-, -pecca-, sphal- -emia; 5w/-asis, -ia, -itis, -oma, imperfectly pre demi-, hemi-, semi- ; -osis; "treatment: comb -iatrics, comb -atelia, atelo- iatro-, -iatry. See disorder imperforate comb -atresia, atreto- illumination comb actino-, luci-, impervious to comb -proof, -tight phengo-, phos-, photo- ; base clar-, impetus base horm- -lue-, -lum- important base grav- illusory comb pseudo-; base -phan- imposter base phenac-, phenak- tas-, phasm- impoverished comb ptocho-, vidu-; image comb icono-; base agalma- base -mendie-, -paup-, penur-, imbibe comb pino-, poto-; base -pov- -bib-, pocul- improved comb melior-, out- 4 imitate base emul-, -mim- impulse base ate- 1 immature comb paedo-2, pedo- ; in pre eis-, em-, en- , il -, im-, in-, base juven-. See undeveloped ir- ; comb endo-, ento-, entre-, immense comb bronto-, dino-, gi- eso-, inter(o)-, intra-, intro-; ~a ganto-, mega-, mégalo-, -megaly specified way: suf-ly, -ways, inaccuracy • infuse 132 FINDER

-wise; -back:pre meta-; comb indicate comb phaeno-, pheno-; post-, postero-; -common: comb base -monstr- caeno-, ceno-; -front of: pre ante-, indigence comb -penia, ptocho-, fore-, ob-, prae-, pre-, pro-; vidu-; base -mendie-, -paup-, -some order: suf-\y; -the direc¬ penur-, -pov- tion of: suf-ad, -ly, -ward, -ways, indigo comb indi-, indo-1 -wise; -the manner of: sw/-like, indirect comb loxo-, plagio-; base -ways; -the style of: suf-ese, ambag- -esque indisposed pre dys-, mal-; comb inaccuracy base culp-, delict-, laps-, noso-, path, -pathic, patho-, pecc-, sphal- -pathy; base aegr-, cachex-, inadequacy comb isch-, oligo-, -morb-, -pecca-, valetud- -penia individual sw/-aholic, -aire, -an, inaudible comb hesy-; base -plac-, -ant, -ard, -arian, -art, -ary, -ast, quiesc-, -tacit- -ate, -ator, -ee, -eer, -en, -ent, inborn comb innato- -er, -ette, -eur, -fer, -ician, -ier, incapable of being suf-less. See -ior, -ist, -le, -ling, -man, -nik, not -o, -or, -person, -people, -ster, incense comb -thymia2; base kniss-, -woman, -yer liban-, thur- indolent base pigr- incessant base assid-, contin-, inebriated base inebr-, methys-, incess-, perpet- temul- incipienwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comt base incip-, -init-; suf inertgas suf-on -esce, -escence, -escent. ineffectual base futil-, inutil-, incised comb eroso-. See groove mataeo- inciting comb -agogic, -agogue inexpensive base vili- incline comb -clinal, -clinate, infection comb lysi-, lyso-, -lysis, -cline, -clinic, clino-, -clinous, -lyte, -lytic, -lyze, phthisio-, -clisis, lechrio-, loxo-, plagio- ; -phthisis, phthysio-, -phthysis, base -cliv- putre-, putri-, pyo-, pytho-, incomplete pre demi-, hemi-, semi-; sapro-, septi-, septico-, septo-, comb -atelia, atelo-; suf-esce, toxi-, toxico-, toxo-; base phthor-, -escence, -escent vitia- incorrect base dys-, mis- inferiority pre hypo-, sub-, under-; increased pre ad-, extra-, hyper-, comb hystero-2; base hesson- ; suf super-; comb auxano-, auxo-, -aster2 multi-, myria-, myrio-, out-, infinity base apeiro-. See forever over-, -plasia, pleni-, pleo-, pleio-, infirm pre dys-, mal- ; comb noso-, pleon-, plethys-, plio-, pluri-, pol- path, -pathic, patho-, -pathy; base laki-, poly- ; base -aug-, -cresc-, aegr-, cachex-, -morb-, -pecca-, -fold-, -pier-, -plet-. See grow valetud- indefinite base ambig, dub-, ancip- inflammation comb erysi-, index comb sema-, -seme, semeio-, phlog(o)-; swf-itis. See swelling semio- inflorescence comb thyrsi-, thyrso- India comb Indo-2 infuse comb -enchyma2; suf-ale FINDER 133 ingest • intestines ingest comb bromato-, -brotic, inside pre eis-, em-, en-1, il -, im-, manduc-, -phage, phago-, in-1, ir-; comb endo-, ento-, entre-, -phagous, -phagy, -sitia, sitio-, eso-, inter(o)-, interno-, intra-, sito-, -troph, -trophic, tropho-, intro- ; from-: entostho- -trophy, -vora, -vore, -vorous; insolent base contum-, impud-, base -alim-, -cib-, comest-, -ed-, procac- escul-, glutt-, -gust- inspection comb -opsy, -scope, inguinal comb inguino- -scopic, scopo-, -scopy; base inhabit(ant) comb -cole, -colent, -(in)quir-, -(in)quis-, -scrut- -colous; suf -an, -ite instanceof sw/-ism inhale comb -hale, -pnea, pneo-, instantly base subit- pneumato-, pneumo-, pneu- instep comb tarso- mono-, pneusio-, pulmo-, spiro-; instruct comb -pedia; base -didact-, base afflat- doc-, -paed- 1 inhere base -sid-, situ- instrument (of) suf-ment , -ure; inhibit comb isch-, koly-, -penia, medical^: -tome; scientific-: -stat -strain, -strict; base -string-; suf insufficient pre demi-, hemi-, semi- ; -en. See checked comb -atelia, atelo- iniquity pre dys-, mis-; comb caco-, insult base contum- iniq-, kak(o)-, mal(e)-, ponero-; intact pre be-, cata-, de-, kata-, base -prav-, sceler-, turp- ob-, per-; comb holo-, omni-, initiawww.IELTS4U.blogfa.coml comb arch-, fore-, pre-, pan-, panto-, stone-, toti-; base primi-, primo-, pro-, proso-, integr- protero-, proto-; base -princip- intellect comb -gnomy, -gnosia, initiate base inaug-, incip-, init- -gnosis, -gnostic, -gnoto, ideo-, -noia, -nomy, phren(o)-, psycho-, injection base trypan- -sophy, thymo-, -witted; base injudicious base fatu-, inan-, moro-, -cogit-, -cogn-, ment(a)-, -noe-, stult- -put-, -ratio-, -sci- injurious comb noci-, pesti-; base intelligent base sapien- -nox-, pericul- injury comb noci-, traumato-; base intensifier pre em-, en-, in-, za- -nox- intercourse comb -lagnia; base -coit-, copul- ink base atrament- interfunctioning comb -ergasia, innkeeper base caupon- ergasio- inquiry base erot-, -quir-, -rog- intermix pre co-; comb conjugato-, insanity comb lysso-, -mania; base -ergasia, gameto-, gamo-, hapto-, ament-1, dement- junct-; base aps-, apt-, -greg-, insatiable base avid-, edac-, gulos- -soc-; sw/-ate, -ize inscribe comb -gram, -graph, -gra- interpretation base -hermen- pher, -graphic, grapho-, -graphy, interrogate base -pet-, -quir-, grapto-, -logue; base -scrib-, -quis-, -rog- -script-, typo- 2 intestinal pouch comb caeco-, ceco-, insect comb cimic-, core- , entomo-, typhlo- insecti-, insecto-. See mite intestines comb entero-, ileo-, ilio-, insert base calar-, calat-, pon-, pos- intimidated • joint 134 FINDER

intestino-, jejuno- ; base viscer- ; irate base chol-, -invid-, -ira-, ~worm: ascari- -margy intimidated base -pavid-, -tim-, iris comb irido- trepid-. See fear Irish comb Hiberno- intoxicated base -inebr-, -meth-, iron comb ferri-, ferro-, sidero-1 temul- irregular comb allo-, anomalo-, intractable base contum-, obstin-, anomo-, poecilo-, poikilo-; pervic-, proterv- -shape: comb amorpho- invent base -heur- irridium comb iridico-, iridio- inverse pre anti-, contra-, contre-, irrigation comb -clysis dis-, hetero-, ob-, un-; comb irritate base erethis- back-, counter-, enantio-, ischium comb ischi(o)- oppositi- island base insul- invisible pre sub-; comb calypto-, isomer comb pseudo- crypto- ; base occult- isthmus base isthm- involuntary movement comb Italy comb Italo- -chorea-, choreo-, -clonic, itch comb acari-, scabi- ; base -prur- -clonus, spasmo- ; base -stal- ; suf psor- -esmus, -ismus ivory base ebur- iodine comb iodo- ivy base ciss-, -heder- ion www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comcomb iono- J jackass base as-2, asin- spasmo-, -tonic; base -stal-, jackdaw base gracul- -vellic- jagged comb serrato- ; base cren-1, jest base joco(s)-, jocu(l)- lacin- jewel base -gemm-2 jail base -career- Jewish comb Judaico-, Judaeo-, jam comb emboli-, embolo- ; base Judeo- -byon-, -farct- jilt base relinq-, repud- jaundice comb icter(o)- jingling base tinn- jaw comb genia-, genio-, geny-1, job comb arti-, -craft, -ergasia, gnatho-, -gnathous, mandibulo, ergasio-, -ergic, ergo-, -ergy, maxillo-; -bone: base -siagon- organo-, -urgy; base -opus-, jay base garrul- pono-; 5w/-arian jealous base -emul- join comb -ergasia, gameto-, gamo-, jeer comb catagelo-, katagelo- hapto-, junct-; base -aps-, -apt-1, jeopardy base pericul- -greg-, -soc-; 5«/-ate, -ize; -to¬ jejunum comb jejuno- gether: pre co- ; comb conjugato- jellyfish base discophor- joint body-: comb arthr(o)-, jerk comb -chorea, choreo-, articul- ; -socket: gleno- ; jointed: -clonic, -clonus, -esmus, -ismus, base -enarthra- FINDER 135 joke • knowledge joke base joco(s)-, jocu(l)- jump base -salta- journey comb hodo-, -ode, odo-, junction pre co-; comb conjugato-, via-; base -itin-, peregrin- -ergasia, gameto-, gamo-, hapto-, joy comb chero-; base beati-, elat-, junct-; base aps-, apt-, -greg-, felic-, gatrcb, jubil-, macar- -soc-; sw/-ate, -ize judging comb -gnomy, -gnosia, jurisdiction sw/-dom, -ric -gnosis, -gnostic; base -crit-1, justice comb dike- -judic-, krit-, -soph- juvenile comb paedo-, pedi-, pedo-, jug base urcei- proli-, tecno-; base -fil-, -puer-, juice comb opo-; base -suc- tek-

K kangaroo base macropod- kinfolk base cogn-, famil-, keel base -carin- stirp- keen base -acer(b)- king base basil-, reg(n)- keep comb -serve, -tain; base kingfisher base halcyon- custod-, -ten- ; ~away: comb kinked comb cirri-, cochlio-, alex-, alexi-, alexo- gyro-, helico-, spiro-, strepto-; keg combwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com dolio- base stromb-. See curl kernel comb caryo-, karyo-; base kiss base basiat-, oscul-; tongue~: -nucl- cataglott- kestrel base falco- kitchen base culin- ketone comb keto-; suf-one kite bird: base milv- key comb clavi-1, cleido-, clido- knack base -apt-, -habil-, kick base -calcitr- -poten-, -qual-; s«/-bility, kidney comb nephro-, pyelo-, reni-, -ful, -ship reno- knavish pre dys-, mis-; comb caco-, kidney-bean base phaseol- kak-, kako-, mal-, male-, ponero- ; killing comb -cidal, -cide, -cidious, base facin-, flagit-, iniq-, nefar-, -cidism; base -dacn-, trucid- perdit-, -prav-, sceler-, scelest-, kind category: comb -type; swf-atic; turp- gentle: base -len-, mansue-, miti-, knead base subig- moll- knee base gen(u)- kindle comb causto-, igni- pyro-; knife comb cultell-, cultri-, sica- base ard-2, ars-, cauter-, celo-, knit together base -hapto-, pegm- combust-, crem-, phlog-, -ust- knob comb clavato- ; base condyl-, kinetic comb cine-, -drome, dromo-, umbo- -dromous, excito-, kine-, -ki- knock base -puls- nesi(a), -kinesis, -kinetic, kineso-, knot base -nod-, -tylo- kineto-, kino-, -motive, -pragia, - knowledge comb -gnomy, -gnosia, praxia, -praxis, tremo- ; base -stal- -gnosis, -gnostic, gnoto-, ideo-, kudu • leaf 136 FINDER

-noia, -nomy, -phrenic, phrenico-, ment(a)-, -noe-, -put-, ratio-, phreno-, psycho-, scio-2, -sophy; -sci- base -cogit-, -cogn-, epistem-, kudu base tragelaph-

labia minora comb nympho- macro-, magni-, maxi-, plethys-; labor childbirth: comb lochio-, base -ampl-, grandi-, -maj-. See -para, -parous, -tocia, toco-, gigantic toko-, -toky; work: comb -craft, larva comb larvi- ergic, -ergy, ergo-, -urgy; base larynx comb guttur-, laryngo- ardu-, oper-1, pono- lassitude comb pono- ; base -fatig-, laborious pre dys- ; comb -bar, -kopo-, lass- bary-, mogi- ; base ard3-, stren- last base eschato-, -fin-, termin-, laceration comb sparasso-; base -ultim- -sparax- lasting base diuturn-, dur(o)-, lacking pre a-, an-1, dis-, ex-, il-, perenn-, perm-, stabil- im-, in-, un-; comb lipo-2; base late comb opsi-1, serot-. See tardy penur-, -priv-; suf -less; ~a part: later pre meta-, post-; comb hys- combwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com ectro-; ~an opening: comb tero-2 -atresia, atreto- latest comb neo- lactic comb lacto- latex comb latici- ladder base scala-; -rung: climac- lattice base cancell-, clathr-, cratic- lady comb gyn(e)-, gyneco-, gyneo-, laugh comb gel-2; base cachinn-, gyno-, -gynous, -gyny, -para, -ris- thely-, -wife; base -femin-, laurel base daphn- muliebr-, mulier-; sw/-en, -enne, law comb juris-, nomo-, thesmo-; -ess, -ette, -ice, -ine, -stress, base jud-, jur-, leg-2, regul- -trice, -trix lawless comb anomo- lake comb limno- ; base lacus- lawsuit base litig- lamb base -agn- laxative base chalast- lame base claud-, debil- layer(ed) comb -decker, lamelli-, lamentation base thren- lamini-, lamino-, -plex, strati-, lamp base lampad-, lucern-, lychn- strato- lamprey base cyclostom- lazy base oti-, pigrit- land comb agri-, agro-, choro-, geo- ; lead conduct: comb -arch, -duce, base tellur-, -terr- duc(t)-, magist-; base hegemon-, language comb -glossia, gloss(o)-, -reg- ; metal: comb molybdo-, -glot, glotto-, lingui-, linguo-; suf plumbo- -ese. See word leading comb -agogic, -agogue larch base larix- leaf comb foli(i)-, -folious, petalo-, large(r) pre super- ; comb -fold, -phyll, phyllo-, -phyllous; base FINDER 137 lean • little

bract-, clad-, frondi-; ~buds: base light not dark: comb actino-, luci-, gemm-1; -like: comb foliato- phengo-, phos-, photo- ; base clar-, lean comb angusti-, dolicho-, lepto-, -lue-, -lum- ; not heavy: base mano-, stegno-, sténo-, tenu-; levi(t)- base areo-, gracil-, isthm-, maci-, lighthouse base fan-, phar- stal-, strict- lightning comb astra-; base astraph-, leap base salta- fulgur-, fulmin- learn base disc-, -math, soph- like pre para-, quasi- ; comb homeo-, leather base alut-, cori-, pelli-, omceo, homoio-, homolo-, iso-, utri-1; -bottle: utrei-, utric- -phane, -phanic; base simil-; suf leave base relinq- -acean, -aceous, -al3, -an, -ar, leech base bdell-, discophor-, -ary, -ean, -en, -eous, -esque, -fill, hirud-, sanguisug- -ic, -il, -ile, -ine, -ing, -ish, leek base porr-, praso- -itious, -ize, -like, -ode2, -oid, left comb laeo-, laevo-, levo-, -ose2, -osity, -some2, -tious, -ular, sinistro-; -handed: scaev- -y leg base -cnem-, -crur-, -seel- ; con¬ likeness comb icono-, -opsis, -vult- dition of-: comb -scelia liking comb -phile, -philia, -philiac, legend comb mytho-, stori- ; base -philic, -philism, philo-, -philous fabul-, -narr-, lily base lili-, -lirio- length base meco-. See long limb comb -mele, -melia1, melo-3 2 leniency base clem- lime CaO: comb calcareo- ; base lens combwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com phaco-, phako-, -phakia calc- ; fruit : tilia- leopard base pard- limit comb isch-, koly-, -penia, less pre demi-, hypo-, mis-, sub-, -strain, -strict ; base -fin-, -string-, subter-; comb meio-, mini-, mio-, termin-; suf-en; limited to: comb oligo-; base dimin-, hesson-, -specific, specio- -pauc- linden base tilia- (tiliaceous) lettuce base lactuc- line comb lineo-, -stichia, sticho-, level comb homalo-, homolo-, -stichous; wavy-: comb gyroso- plain-, plani, piano-1, platy-; base link pre co- ; comb conjugato-, plat- -ergasia, gameto-, gamo-, hapto-, lever base -mochl- junct-; base aps-, apt-, -greg-, liability comb hypegia-, hypengy-; -soc-; suf-ate, -ize base paralip- lion base \eo(n)- lice comb pedicul-, phthiro- lips comb cheilo-, chilo-, labio-; lick base lamb-, ligur(r)-, ling-4 base labi- licorice base glycyr- liquid base flu-, -ner-. See water lid base oper-2 little comb brachisto-, brachy-, lie untruth: base mendac- ; recline: brevi-, chamae-, micro-, mini-, base -cub-, -cumb- nano-, parvi-, parvo-, pauci-, life comb bio-, -biosis, vita-, vivi-, steno-; base -curt-, exig-; sw/-cle, zoo-, -zoic, -zooid; base -anim- -cula, -cule, -culum-, -culus, ligament comb desmo-, ligamenti-, -een, -el, -ella, -en, -et, -ette, - ligamento-, syndesmo- idion, -idium, -ie, -ilia, -illo, -isk, liver • lyric 138 FINDER

-kin, -le, -let, -ling, -ock, -ola, loss of control comb -crasia, -crasy -ole, -rel, -ula, -ule, -ulum, -ulus, loss of knowledge comb -agnosia -y lot comb clero- liver comb hepatico-, hepato-; base loudness base crépit-, frem-, ligyr-, jecor- strep(i)-, strid-, stridul-. See living comb bio-, vivi-, -zoic, sound -zooid; base -anim-, -vit- ; louse base pedicul-, phthir-, phthyr- ~among: comb -colous; -in: suf love comb -phile, -philia, -philiac, -an -philic, -philism, philo-, -philous; lizard comb -saur, sauro-, -saurus; base -agap-, -am-, charit- base lacert-, stellio- loveplay comb paizo-, paraphil- load base oner- low(er) pre hypo-, infero-, infra-, loaded comb -filled, pleni-, pleo-, sub-, subter-, under-; comb plero-, pluri-; base -pier-, -plet-; chamae-, infero-, tapino-; base swf-acious, -ate, -ic, -ful, -ilent, hystat- -ose, -osity, -ous, -ulent, -y luck base faust-, tych- lobe comb lobulato- ; ear: comb ludicrous base fatu-, inan-, moro-, auriculo- stult- lobster base astac-, -gammar-, lumbar comb lumbo- homar- lump base gleb-, glom- location comb -land, loc(o)-, situ-, lunch base prand- -stead, topo-, -topy; suf-âge, lung(s) comb -pnea, pneo-, pneu- www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com-arium, -ary, -ensis, -ery, -orium, mato-, pneumo-, pneumono-, -ory. Also see "Location" in Part pulmo-, pulmoni-, pulmono-, III spiro- lock comb clido- ; base cleid- lust comb eroto-, -lagnia, -mania; locust base locust- base appet-, -cup-, -libid-, tentig- loins comb laparo-, lumbo-, luster comb sela-; base -fulg-, gano-, osphy(o)- lustr-, pheng-, rutil-, stilpno- long comb dolicho-, -footer, longi-, lye base lixiv- macro-, maxi-; base procer-; lying down base -cub-, -cumb-, ~words: sesquipedal- supin- look comb eid(o)-, oculo-, ommat-, lymph(atic) comb lymphato-, lym- -opia, opsi-, -opsia, -opsis, opso-, pho-; ~nodes: comb lymphadeno-; -opsy, ophthalmo-, optico-, opto-, -vessels: comb lymphangio- -scope, -scopic, scopo-, -scopy, lynx base lync- visuo- ; base -blep-, -scrut-, -spec-, lyre base lyri- -spic-, -vid- lyric com b lyrico- loosen comb lyo-, lysi-, -lysis, lyso-, -lyte, -lytic, -lyze; base -liqu-, -solu-, -solv- FINDER 139 macaw • matching

M macaw base psittac- manganese comb mangani-, machine(s) comb mechano- mangano- mackerel base scombr- mangle comb sparasso- ; base lacer-, mad comb -margy; base frenet-, lania-, sparax-. See maim -fur-, -ira- manifest comb luci-, phanero-, madeof suf-en, -ic pheno- ; base -clar- madness comb lysso-, -mania; base mankind comb anthropo- ament-, dement - manner comb -wise magic base mago- mantle comb pallio- magnetic force comb magneto- manufactured product swf-ite magnify base ampl-, aug-. See in¬ many comb multi-, myria-, myrio-, creased pluri-, poly-, sychno-; -colored: magpie base corv-, garull- comb poecilo-; ~times: comb pol- maim(ed) comb pero- ; base -mutil- laki-. See increased main comb arch(i)-1, proto-; base map comb carto-, charto- -prim-, -princip-; ~land: comb maple base acer-2 epeiro- marble base -marm- make, making pre em-, en-; comb marine comb halo-, mari-, thalasso-, -craft, ergo-, -facient, -fer, -fie, thalatto-; base naut-, nav-, pelag- -ficationwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, -gen, -genesis, -genie, mark base stigm- -genous, -geny, -gerous, ideo-, marlin base istiophor- -parous, -phor, -phorous, -plast, marmoset comb callithri- -plastic, plasto-, -plasty, poiesis, marmot base sciur- -poietic, -urgy; base -fabr-, -fac-, marriage comb gameto-, gamo-, -fee-1; sw/-ate, -atory, -en, -ic, -gamous, -gamy; base conjug-, -ing, -fy, -ize, -otic marit-, -nub-, -nupt- Malay comb Malayo- marrow comb -myelia, myelo- male comb andr(o)-, -androus, Mars comb areo-1 -andry, arrheno-, masculo-; base marsh comb helo-2, palud-, palus-, viril- ulig- malevolent pre dys-, mis-; comb marten base mustel- caco-, iniq-, kak(o)-, mal(e)-, martin base hirund- ponero-; base -prav-, sceler-, masculine comb andro, -androus, turp- -andry, arrheno-, masculo- ; base malformed comb pero-; base viril- -mutil- master comb magist-, maha-; base malfunction pre dys- heri- malnutrition comb -atrophia, mastoid comb mastoido- -atrophie matching pre para-, quasi-; comb manage base ger-1 homeo-, omœo, homoio-, manatee base trichec- homolo-, iso-, -phane, -phanic; mane base jubat- base simil-; sw/-acean, -aceous, material for • millipede 140 FINDER

-al, -an, -ar, -ary, -ean, -en, mucoso-; -sheath: comb -eous, -esque, -fui, -ic, -il, -ile, meningo- -ine, -ing, -ish, -itious, -ize, -like, memory comb -mnesia, -mnesis; -ode, -oid, -ose, -osity, -some, base -mem-, -mnem- -tious, -ular, -y meninges comb meningo- material for 5w/-ing menstrual comb emmen-, -menia, matter comb hylo- men(o)- maxilla comb maxillo- mental comb -gnomy, -gnosis, maxim base gnom- -gnostic, -gnoto, ideo-, -noia, maximum pre hyper- -nomy, phren(o)-, psycho-, meadow base prat-; -lark: -sophy, thymo-; base -cogit-, icter- -cogn-, -noe-, -put-, -ratio-, -sci-; meager comb oligo-, -penia, -disorder: comb -mania, -phre- ptocho-, vidu-; base -mendie-, nia, -phrenic, phrenico-, phreno-, -paup-, penur-, -pov- -thymia1 meal comb deipno-; base cen-, merchandise base empor-, empt- coen-, prand-. See food. Also see mercy base clem-2, mansue- "Food" in Part III mere comb psilo- means suf-cle, -ment1 mesentery comb meso- measure comb -meal, -meter, metacarpus com b metacarpo - -metric(s), metro-, -metry metal comb metalli-, métallo- ; meat comb -burger, carni-, carnoso-, -plate: base -elasmo- www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comcreo-, kreo-, -sarc, sarco-; -mar¬ metatarsus comb metatarso- ket: macell- meteor names swf-id1 mechanical comb mechanico- ; base meteorological front comb fronto- banaus- method comb -craft; s«/-ade, -age, medical comb medico- ; base -san- ; -al, -ance, -ancy, -asis, -asm, -treatment: comb -iatrics, iatro-, -ation, -cy, -ence, -ency, -ery, -iatry -esis, -iasis, -ice, -ics, -ing, -ion, medicine frasepharma(co)- -ism, -ment, -osis, -otic, -sion, mediocre pre hypo-, sub-, under- ; -sis, -th, -tion, -tious, -ture, -ure, comb hystero- ; base hesson- ; suf -y, -ysis -aster methyl comb metho- meditate base melet- middle comb centri-, -centric, medium comb mesati-, metrio-. See centro-, medi(o)-, mesati-, mesio-, middle meso-, mezzo-, mid- meeting base congress-, congru- mighty comb dino-. See powerful 1 melt comb lyo-, lysi-, -lysis, lyso-, mild base -len-, mansue-, miti- , -lyte, -lytic, -lyze; base -liqu-, moll- -solu-, -solv- milk(y) comb galact(o)-, lacti-, membrane comb chorio-, choroid-, lacto- hymeno-, membrano- ; eyeball-: mill base molend- sdero- ; fetal-: allant(o)-, amnio-; million comb mega- -partition: comb mediastino- ; millionth comb micro- mucous-: comb muci-, muco-, millipede base arthropod-, diplopod FINDER 141 mind • mosquito mind comb -gnomy, -gnosis, mockery base deris- -gnostic, -gnoto, ideo-, -noia, mockingbird base -mim- -homy, phren(o)-, psycho-, moderate base metrio-. See -sophy, thymo-, -witted; base medium -cogit-, -cogn-, ment-2, -noe-, modem comb neo-. See new noo-, -put-, -ratio-, -sci-; "disor¬ modesty base -pud-, verecund- der: comb -mania, -phrenia, modification comb allo-, anomalo-, -phrenic, -thymia anomo-, poikilo-; base -mut-. See mine base bothro- change mineral sw/-ite, -lite moisture comb hydro-, hygro-; base mink base mustel- humect-, mad-, ulig- minnow base cyprin- molded comb -plast, -plastic, minor insignificant: base -nuga-. plasto-, -plasty See small, child: comb paedo-, mole blemish: base nev(o)-; ani¬ pedi-, pedo-, proli-, tecno-; base mal: base talp- -fil-, -puer-, tek- mole rat base zemni- mint base menth- mollusks comb malaco-; base mol¬ miracle comb thaumato- lusc- mirror comb catoptro-, eisoptro-, money comb -penny ; base chremat-, enoptro-, spectro- -numm-, -pecun-, quaest- misery base aerumn- mongoose base viverr- missilwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.come base ballist- monkey base cebo-, pithec- missing pre a-, an-, des-1, dis-, ex-, monster comb terato- ; base pelor- il-, im-, in-, ir-, un-; comb lipo-; month base mens- base paralip-, -priv-; sw/-less; ~a monthly base emmen- part: comb ectro-; -an opening: mood comb thymo- comb -atresia, atreto- moon comb luni-, lunu-, seleno- mist comb fracto-, nepho-, nephelo- ; moose base cervi- base calig-, -nebul-, -nub- moral pre bene-, eu- ; base agath-, mistake base culp-, delict-, laps-, bon-, prob- pecc-, sphal- moray base muraen- mistletoe comb ixo- morbid condition comb -iasis; suf mite comb acari-, acarin-, acaro-, -oma 2 miti- . See termite more pre ad-, extra-, super- ; comb miter base mitri- auxano-, auxeto-, auxo-, multi-, mixed, mixture comb mixo-, myria-, myrio-, out-, over-, -crasia; base farrag-, -mise-, -plasia, pleni-, pleo-, pleio-, -phyr-, -temp- pleon-, plethys-, plio-, pluri-, mob comb ochlo- pollaki-, poly-; base -aug-, -cresc-, mobility comb cine-, -drome, -fold-, -pier-, -plet-. See addition dromo-, -dromous, excito-, kine-, morning base -matut- -kinesi(a), -kinesis, -kinetic, mortal base thneto-, thripto- kineso-, kineto-, kino-, -motive, mortgage base -pign- -pragia, -praxia, -praxis, tremo- ; mosquito comb anophel-, culici-; base -stal- base aed- moss • myth 142 FINDER moss comb bryo-; base muse-2, mullet base mugil- sphagn-, splachn- multiform comb polymorpho- most comb pleisto- multitude comb ochlo- moth base arct-, phalaen-, tinea- mummy base mummi- mother comb mater-, matri-, metr-, murder comb -cidal, -cide, -cidious, -para -cidism; base dacn-, trucid- mother-in-law base socrus-, murky comb ambly-, melano-, penther- nycto-, scoto-; base achlu-, motion comb cine-, -drome, amaur-, fuse-, lyg-, obscur-, opac-, dromo-, -dromous, excito-, kine-, tenebr- -kinesi(a), -kinesis, -kinetic, murmur base frem-, mussit-, kineso-, kineto-, kino-, -motive, susurr- -pragia, -praxia, -praxis, tremo- ; muscle comb musculo-, myo-1, base -stal- -tonic; -tension: -tonia motor comb moto- mushroom comb agar-, fungi-, mountain comb oreo-, oro-2; base myco-. See fungus -mont-; ~ash: sorb-2 music comb melo-1, musico-, -tonic mourning comb lype-; base dolor-, musk base -mosch- -fleb-, -flet-, -luct-, trist- muskrat base cricet- mouse base mur-1, myo-2 mussel base mytil- 1 mouth comb -mouthed, or- , oro-, mustard base sinap- www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comstomato-, -stome, -stomous; roof musty base mucid- of~: comb palato-, uranisco-, mutable pre be-, em-, en-, meta-, urano- ; -wash: collut- trans-; comb aetio-, -blast, -bias- move comb -grade, -motive, tic, blasto-, -craft, ergo-, etio-, 2 -plania, piano- ; base -bat-, -ced-, -facient, -fie, -fication, -gen, -cess-, -cur(s), -grad-, -gress-, -genesis, -genie, -genous, -geny, -mob-, -mot-, mov-, -vad-, -vas-; -parous, -plasia, -plasis, plasmo-, -away: comb allelo-, out-; -for¬ -plast, -plastic, plasto-, -plasty, ward: comb pro-; -toward: comb -poiesis, -poietic, -trope, -tropic, -petal -tropism, tropo-, -tropous, -tropy, movies base cine- -urgy; base camb-, -fabr-, -fee-, muck comb blenno-, -chezia, copro-, -mut-, -vari-, -vert-; sw/-ate, en, lim-, muci-, muco-, myco-, myso-, -fy, -ize, -otic -myxia, myxo-, p(a)edo-, scato-, mutter see murmur stegno-, stereo- ; base -fecu-, -fim-, mutual pre co-, enter-, inter-, syl-, molys-, rhypar- sym-, syn-, sys-; comb allelo-, mucus comb blenno-, muci-, muco-, hama-, symphyo-, synchro-; base mucoso-, -myxia, myxo- -allac-, -allag-, -allaxis-, -mutu- mud comb pelo-; base -lim-, lut- myrtle base myrti- mulberry base -mor-2, -mur-3 mystical comb mystico - mulish base contum-, obstin-, myth comb mytho- pervic-, proterv- FINDER 143 nail • night

N nail comb helo-1, onych-,-onychia, natural comb innato-, physico-, onycho-, scolo- ; base clav-, physi-, physio- ungui- navel comb omphalo-, umbilici- naked comb gymno-, nudi- psilo- near pre a-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, al-, name comb nomato-, -nomia, ono- an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, by-, cis-1, mato-, -onym; base appell-, epi-, para-, peri-; comb juxta-, -nom-, -nym- citra-, pene-, plesio-, proximo-; namesof -acids: suf-onic; ~alco¬ base propinq-. See adjacent hols: swf-itol; ~animals: suf-id, nebulous base ambig, dub-, ancip- -ida, -idae, -iformes, -zooic; neck comb atlo-, cervico-, coll-1, ~bacteria: sw/-ella; ~classes: suf jug-, trachelo- ; base -auchen- -acea, -aceae, -ia, -oidea; -^com¬ necklace base monil- panies: suf-co, -ine; -com¬ needle comb aci-, acicul-; base pounds: suf-ide, -idine; -coun¬ acer-1, -aichm-, -belon- try: comb -land; suf-ia.; negatives pre a-, ab-, an-, anti-, -directions: suf-em; -diseases: apo-, cata-, de-, dis-, dys-, ex-, il-, comb -aemia, -emia; sw/-asis, -ia, im-, in-, ir-, mal-, mis-, ne-, non-1, -itis, -osis; -electronic devices: ob-, un-; comb anti-, -atresia, comb -tron; -enzymes: suf-a.se; atreto-, contra-, counter-, ectro-, -families:www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com suf-idae; -festivals: lipo-, mal-, neutro-, nihil-, no-, comb -fest, -mas; suf -ia; -genera: nulli-, with-; base -priv-; sw/-less suf-a.riay -odus, -soma; -groups: neglect base paralip- comb -zoa, -zoon; suf-aria, -id, neighbor frasegeiton(o)- -ini; -hormones: sw/-kinin; neoplasm s«/-oma -meteors: suf-id; -minerals: suf nephew base nepo- -lite; -neutral substances: suf-in ; nerve comb ganglio-, nervi-, nervo-, -numerals, collective: suf-ad; neuro- -orders: suf-acea; -plants: suf nest base -cali-, nid(i)- -ad, -ales, -ia; -radicals: suf-yl; net/network comb dictyo-, -plex, -super-families: suf -oidea; taxo- reti-, reticulato-, reticulo- nomic~: suf-ota, -ote nettle comb cnido-; base -urtic- narcotics comb leth-, mecon-, neutral(izing) pre anti- ; comb narco- neutro- narrow -comb angusti-, areo-, neutral substances suf-in dolicho-, isthm-, lepto-, stegno-, new comb caeno-2, caino-, cainoto-, steno-; base -phim-, -stal-, -cene, ceno-1, cenoto-, kaino-, -strict-, -tenu- kainoto-, neo-, thalero- ; base nasal comb nasi-, naso-, rhino- -nov-1 nationality suf-an, -ean, -ian, -ish, NH comb -acid radicals: -imido; -ite, -n -nonacid radicals: imino- nature comb -ousia, -ousian; base nicknames suf-y3 quid- night comb nocti-, nycta-, nycti-, nightingale • nuthatch 144 FINDER

nycto- ; base -crépus-, -vesper- ; not pre a-3, ab-, an-1, apo-, cata-, all-: comb -pannychy de-, dis-, ex-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, nightingale base philomel- mis-, ne-, non-1, ob-, un-; comb nightmare base malneiro- anti-, contra-, counter-, mal-, nimbleness comb ocy-, tacho-, neutro-, no-, nulli-, with- ; suf tachy-; base alacr-, celer-, festin-, -less veloc- not having pre a-, an-, des-, dis-, nine comb ennea-, nona- ; base ex-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, un-; comb -nov-2; ~hundred: enneacent-. -atresia, atreto-, ectro-, lipo-; base Also see "Numbers" in Part III -priv-; sw/-less nineteen base enneakaideca-, unde- notch comb crenato-, crenulato-. viginti- See jagged ninety base enneaconta-, nonagen-, nothing base nihili- nonages- notion comb -gnomy, -gnosia, ninth base non-2 -gnosis, -gnostic, gnoto-, ideo-, nip base vellic- -noia, -nomy, phreno-, psycho-, nipple comb mamilli-, papilli-, -sophy base -cogit-, -cogn-, epis- papillo-, papilloso-, thelo-, umbo-. tem-, -noe-, -put-, ratio-, -sci- See breast nourishment comb bromato-, niter comb nitro- -brotic, manduc-, opso-, -phage, nitrogen comb azo-, nitro-, nitroso- ; -phago, -phagous, -phagy, -sitia, -plus hydrocarbon: diazo- sitio-, sito-, -trophia, -trophic, NOwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com radical comb nitro (so)- tropho-, -trophy, -vora, -vore, nod base nut(a)- -vorous; base -alim-, -cib-, -gust-, noise base crépit-, frem-, ligyr-, -nutr-, thrept- strep(i)-, strid-, stridul-. See noxious comb noci-, pesti- ; base sound -nox-, pericul- noiseless comb hesy-; base -plac-, nucleus comb caryo-, karyo-, quiesc-, -tacit- nucleo- nonacid radical comb -amine, number base -numer- ; even-: comb amino- artio- ; uneven-: comb impari-, none comb nulli-. See negatives perisso- ; a number of: suf-âge, nonsense base fatu-, inan-, moro-, -some3. Also see "Numbers" in stult- Part III noon base merid- numbness comb narco-; base torp- normal comb normo- numerals base arithm- ; cardinal-: Norman comb Normano- suf-teen; collective-: suf -ad; north base borea-, septen- ordinal-: suf-eth, -th. Also see northern lights comb aurora- "Numbers" in Part III nose comb nasi-, naso-, rhino-, numerous comb multi-, myria-, rhyncho-, -rrhyncha. See beak. myrio-, pluri-, poly-, sychno- -bleed: epistax-; -blowing: nurse comb threptero- emunct- ; snub-: simo- ; sneer: nut, nut-shaped comb caryo-, mycter- karyo-, nuci-, nucleo- nostrils base nari- nuthatch base sitt- FINDER 145 nutmeg • ointment nutmeg base myrist- sito-, -trophia, -trophic, tropho-, nutrition comb bromato-, -brotic, -trophy, -vora, -vore, -vorous; manduc-, opso-, -phage, -phago, base -alim-, -cib-, -gust-, -nutr-, -phagous, -phagy, -sitia, sitio-, thrept-

O oak base querc(i)-; evergreen^: obtuse comb obtusi- cerr- obvious comb lampro, lue-, luci- ; oar comb -reme, remi- base -clar- oats base aven(i)- ocean comb halo-, mari-, thalasso-, obedient base moriger- thalatto-; base aequor-, naut-, obese comb adip(o)-, lipo-, nav-, pelag- pimel(o)-, pio-, stearo-, steato-; occipital comb occipito- base -aliph-, lipar-, -obes-, occupation comb arti-, -craft, -—• -pingu-, sebo- -ergasia, ergasio-, -ergic, ergo-, object of an action sw/-ate -ergy, organo-, -urgy; base -opus-, objective comb teleo-, telo-, pono-; swf-arian ultim(o)-; base -fin-, -termin- odd-numbered comb impari- oblige base -mand- odor comb brom(o)-, -odic, odori-, obliquwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.come comb loxo-, plagio- ; base odoro-, -olent, olfacto-, -osmia, ambag- osmo-1, osphresio-, ozo-, ozono- ; oblong comb oblongo- base fet-, nidor-. See also "The obscenity base aischro-, borbor-, Senses" in Part III copro-, fescinn- of sw/-acean, -aceous, -ac2, -ad2, -al, obscure comb enigmato- ; base -an, -ar, -arious, -ary, -atic, ambig, dub-, ancip- -ative, -atory, -eae, -ean, -eous, observe comb eid(o)-, oculo-, -ery, -etic, -ial, -ian, -ic, -id, -il, ommat-, -opia, opsi-, -opsia, -ile, -ina, -inae, -ine, -ing, -ious, -opsis, opso-, -opsy, ophthalmo-, -istic, -ite, -itic, -itious, -itive, optico-, opto-, -scope, -scopic, -ive, -oidea, -ory, -otic, -tious, scopo-, -scopy, visuo-; base -blep-, -tive, -ular -scrut-, -spec-, -spic-, -vid- off pre ab-, apo-, de-, ex-, for- obsessed with comb -aholic, offering base -don-, -thy- -lagnia, -philia, -ridden office sw/-acy, -ate3, -cy, -dom, obstinate base contum-, obstin-, -ship pervic-, proterv- offspring comb proli- obstructed comb brady- ; base often comb pluri-, pollaki-, poly-; -cunct-, imped-, -mora-, -tard- base crebr-; su/-le obstruction comb emboli-, embolo- ; oil comb elaeo-, elaio-, eleo-, olea-, base -byon-, -farct- -oleic, oleo- obtain base -cap-, -cep-, -cip-, ointment comb myro- ; base -unct-, -dyte- ungu- old • order 146 FINDER old comb archaeo-, archeo-, eo-, -ent, -er, -ette, -eur, -fer, -ician, gerasco-, gero-, geronto-, grand-, -ier, -ior, -ist, -le, -man, -nik, -o, paleo-, presbyo-; base -antiq-, -or, -person, -people, -ster, -sen-, -vet-; ~age: ger-2;~woman: -woman, -yer; -is well versed in grao- : -logist omission pre a-, an-, dis-, ex-, il-, one-eyed base \usc- im-, in-, ir-, un-; comb lipo-; base one's own comb heauto-, idio-, pro- -priv-; sw/-less; -ofan opening: prio-, self-, sui- comb -atresia, atreto- ;-ofa part: onion base cep-2, cromny- comb ectro- ooze base ulig- on pre ana-, epi-, ob-, sur-; -both opaque comb glauco- sides: comb amph(i)-; -the left open space comb agora-, ceno-, side: comb laeo-, laevo-, levo-, keno- sinistro- ; -the other side: pre opening base -apert-, -cav-, fenest-, trans- ; -the outside: pre epi- ; foram-, œgo-, oigo-, osti-, patul-, -the right side: comb dexio-, dex- pylo-, rim, valv-; lack of-: comb - tro- ; -the side: pre by- ; comb lat- atresia, atreto- ; surgical-: -stomy eri-, latero- ; -this side of: pre cis- ; operation comb -ectomy comb citra- ; -top: pre super- opinion base gnom- one comb eka-, haplo-, heno-, opium base -mecon- mono-, uni- ; -and one-half: opossum base didelph- comb sesqui- ; -billion: comb giga- ; opposite pre anti-, contra-, contre-, -billionth:www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com comb nan(n)o-; -by dis-, hetero-, ob-, un-; comb back-, one: katheno- ; -fifth: quint- ; counter-, enantio-, oppositi- -fourth: comb tetarto-; -half: option base -opt-, -vol- comb demi-, dicho-, dimid-, opulence comb çhryso-, pluto- ; base hemi-, mezzo-, semi-; -heptil- chrem-, -opul-, pecun- lion: comb yotta; -heptillionth: oracle comb chresmo- comb yocto- ;-hexillion: comb orange fruit: base -hesperid- ; color: zetta-; -hexillionth: comb zepto-; base auranti-. A/50 see "Colors" in -hundred: comb centi-, hecato-, Part III hecto-, hekto-; -hundredth: comb orangutan base -pong- centi-; -million: comb mega-; orb comb ano-, annul-, crico-, -millionth: comb micro; -quad¬ cyclo-, disco-, globi-, globo-, rillion: comb femto-; -quad- glom-, gyro-, orbito-, -sphere, rillionth: comb peta-;-quintil- sphero-, stilli-, zon-, zoni-; base lion: comb atto-; -quintillionth: -anu-, -cing-, -cinct-, -circin-, comb exa-; -thousand: comb -circul-, -coron-, -glomer-, chili-, kilo-; -thousandth: comb -numm-, -orb-, -rot-, -troch- milli-; -trillion: comb pico-; orbit comb orbito- -trillionth: comb tera-. See also orchid comb orchido-1 "Numbers" in Part III order placement: comb -tactous, one who sw/-aholic, -aire, -an, taxi-, -taxia,-taxis, taxo-, -taxy; -ant, -ar2, -ard2, -arian, -art, -ary, base -pon-, -pos-; command: base -ast, -ate, -ator, -ee, -eer, -en, imper-, -jus-, -mand- FINDER 147 ordinary people • pallium ordinary people comb demo-; base outgrowth comb cele-, -edema, -pleb-, -popul- ganglio-, -phym(a); base -tum- organ comb organo-; sw/-ite; hav¬ outside pre epi-, exo-, extra-, extro-, ing female~: comb -gynous; hav¬ para-, prêter-; comb ecto-, extero-, ing male-: comb -androus foris-, out-. See out of organic comb organo- outskirts base limin-, marg- origin comb aetio-, -blast, blasto-, ovary comb gyn(o)-, -gynous, -blasty, -carp, -carpic, carpo-, -gyny, oario-, oophoro-, ovario- -carpous, etio-, -gen, -genie, over above: pre ano-, meta-, ob-, -genesis, -genous, -geny, -gone, prêter-, super-, supra-, sur-, sur- -gonium, gono-, -gony, -phyletic, sum-; comb over-; again:pre ana-, sperma-, spermal, spermatio-, re- ; base -palin- ; excessive: pre spermato-, spermi-, -spermic, hyper-, super-, ultra-; comb over-, spermo-, -spermous, sporo-; base poly- -init-; sw/-esce, -escence, -escent overflow base antlo-, diluv-, inund- original comb archaeo-, primi-, oversight base culp-, delict-, laps-, primo-, proto- pecc-, sphal- originate base inaug-, incip-, init- overt comb lampro-, lue-, luci-, oriole base -icter- -phane, phanero-, -phanic, osmium comb osmio- -phany, pheno- ; base -clar-, osmosis comb osmo-2 -schem-, -spec-, -spic- osprey base ossifrag- overthrow base vict-, -vine- ostricwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comh base -rat-, struthi- overweight base obes-, pingu- ovum comb oo-, ovario-, ovi-1, ovo- other comb allo-, alter-, hetero-; 2 base -ali-2 owl base strigi-, tyto-, ulul- ox comb bou-, bov-, bu- otter base -lutr- 2 out of pre e-, ec-, ef-, ex-. See out¬ oxygen comb oxa-, oxy- ; deprived side of~: comb deoxy- outcome comb ergo-, -ergic, -ergy; oyster comb ostrei-, ostreo-; base sw/-age, -asm, -ata, -ation, -ency, -ostrac- -ism, -ma, -ment, -mony, -sion, ozone comb ozono- -ure

pack together base stip-2 paint base -pict-, pigm- pad comb tylo- pairs pre bi- comb conjugato-, page size suf -mo didymo-, diplo-, zyga-, zygo- pain comb alge-, algesi-, -algia, palate comb palato-, uranisco-, algo-, -algy, -dynia, noci-, -ody- urano-, velar- nia, odyno-, pono-1; base dolor-, paleontological comb paleo- -nox-; sudden-: comb -agra. See palliative base anet-, -len-, miti-1 suffering pallium com b pallio- palm • pepper 148 FINDER palm hand: comb palmati-, pass base -bat- palmato- ; tree: base palmac- passage comb isthm-, meato-, over-, pan comb lecano- poro-, soleno-; base -bat- pancreas comb pancreato-, pancreo- past comb preter- pander comb leno- (lenocinant) paste base glutin-. See glue panic comb -phobe, -phobia, pastoral care base poimen- -phobic, phobo-; base pavid-, patch comb emboli-, embolo-, tim(or)-, -trem-, -trep-. Also see -plakia "Fear" in Part III path comb -ode1, odo-; base -itin-, paper comb carto-, charto-, papyro- -via- papillary comb papilli-, papillo-, pathetic base fleb-, trist- papilloso- pawn base pign- papule comb papulo- pay base -pend-, -pens- papyrus comb papyro- pea comb pisi- parachute (using) comb para- peace base -eiren-, -iren-, -pac-, parade comb -cade -pax- paraffin series: hydrocarbon suf peach base persic- -ane peacock base pavon- parakeet base psittac- peak comb coryph- paralysis comb -plegia, -plegy peanut basearach- paramount comb arch-, archi-, pear comb apio-, piri-, piro-, pyri- proto- ; base -prim-, -princip- pearl base margarit- parasitwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.come base colaco-, parasit-, peat bog base turbar- pothiri-, trypano-, vermin- pebble comb pesso-, psepho-; base parasol base umbell(i)-, umbrell(i)- calcul-. See stone parched comb carpho-, xero- ; base peculiar comb aetheo-, anom(o)-, arid-, celo-, cherso-, -sicc- anomalo-. See irregular parchment base pergamen- peculiarity of sw/-ism parent form comb proto- peel comb -lemma2 parietal comb parieto- pejorative suf -aster, -erel parrot base psittac- pelican base onocrot-, pelecan- parsley base petrosel- pelvis comb pelvi-, perineo-, part(s) comb -fold, -meran, pyelo- -mer(e), mer(o)-1, -merous, par-, pen base styl- parti- penguin base sphenisc- participant sw/-ade; -in govt: comb peninsula base chersones- -crat penis comb peo-, phall(o)-; base particular comb -specific med-, mentul- partition comb parieto-, -phragma, pennant ^asevexill- phragmo-, septo- ; base -mur- penniless comb -penia, ptocho-, partly comb demi-, hemi-, semi- ; vidu- ; base -mendie-, -paup-, -serious: serio- penur-, -pov- partridge base gallinac-, -perdic-, people comb dem(o)-, ethno-; base -perdri- anthrop-, -pleb-, -popul-, -vulg- parturient comb -para pepper base piper- FINDER 149 perception • pit perception comb -esthesia, -esthe- pest comb pesti-, vermin- sio, percepto- pestilence comb loemo-, loimo-. See perch fish: base perc- sit: base -sess- disease percussion comb pless(i)-; base petal comb petuli-, -sepalous -crot-, -cuss-, -puis-, -tus-, vapul-, petroleum comb petro- verber- petty base pusill-, rhopo- perforation comb -tresia. See tear pharynx comb pharyngo- perfume comb myro-, -thymia2 pheasant base alector-, gallinac-, pericardial comb pericardiaco-, phasian- pericardio- phenanthrene comb phenanthro- peril base pericul- phenol base carbol-; sw/-ol perineum comb perineo- phenyl comb pheno- period time: comb back-, chrono-, philosophical comb philosophico- eo-, horo-, paleo, protero-, yester-; phonetic comb phonetico- menstrual: comb emmen-, phosphorous comb phospho-, -menia, meno- phosphoro- periosteum comb periosteo- phrase comb phraseo- perishable base caduc-, fragil- phylum comb phylo- peritoneum comb meso-, perito- physical comb physi-, physico-, neo- physio-; ~love: eroto- permanent base diuturn-, dur(o)-, piece comb clasmato-, -fid; base perenn-, perm-, stabil- frag-, frust-, -par- perniciouwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.coms comb noci-, pesti-; base pig base porcin-, sui- -nox-, pericul- pig-headed base contum-, obstin-, perpetual base assid-, contin-, in- pervic-, proterv- cess-, perpet- pigeon base columb-, palumb-, person suf -aholic, -aire, -an, -ant, perister-, pullastr- -ard, -arian, -art, -ary, -ast, -ate, pile base -acerv-, conger-, -cumul- -ator, -ee, -eer, -en, -ent, -er, pillar comb column-, stylo-2; ~like: -ette, -eur, -fer, -ician, -ier, -ior, paxill- ; small~: columelli- -ist, -le, -ling1, -man, -nik, -o, pillow base pulvin- -or2, -person, -people, -ster, pimp base leno- -woman, -yer pimple comb pustulo- personal comb idio-, proprio-, self- pin base acu-, belon- perspiration comb sudori- ; base pinch base -rrhexo- -hidr-, -suda- pine base -peuce-, pin- ; ~cone: persuade base -due- strobil- pertaining to sw/-ac2,-acean, pineapple base bromel- (bromelia- -aceous, -ad, -al, -an, -ar2, -ari- ceous) ous, -ary, -atic, -ative, -atory, pipe comb aulo-, follic-, salpingo-, -eae, -ean, -eous, -ery, -etic, -ial, siphoni-, siphono-, solen(o)-, sy- -ian, -ic, -id, -il, -ile, -ina, -inae, ringo-, tubi-, tubo-, tubuli-, vasi- ; -ine, -ing, -ious, -istic, -ite, -itic, base calam-, fistul-, -syr- -itious, -itive, -ive, -oidea, -ory, pistil comb gyn(o)-, -gynous, -gyny -otic, -tious, -tive, -ular pit base -taph(o)-, taphro- pitcher • potency 150 FINDER pitcher comb urcei-, urceo- -aichm-, -aichur-, -belon-, fastig-, pitted base bothr-, fov-, scrobic- muric-, -punct-, -piq-, -pung-, place, a comb -land, loco-, situ-, stigm- -stead, topo-,-topy, ubi-; suf points, having comb punctato- -ensis; -of: suf-âge; ~for: suf poison comb tox(i), toxico-, -toxin, -arium, -ary, -cle, -ery, -orium, toxo-1, veneno- ory. Also see "Location" in Part polar comb polari- III polecat base mustel- place, to comb -thesis, -thetic; base police officer base alyt- -pon-, -pos-; suf-en polished base levig-, xest- placenta base mazo-1, placenti- political comb politico- plait comb pleco, plecto- pollen comb palyn-, pollini- plane surface: comb explanato-, pollute base -turp- plani-, piano-1 polymer of pre meta- plant growth: unequal comb -nas- pomegranate base balaust- tic, -nasty pond, pool comb limno- ; base plants comb botano-, herbi-, lacus-, stagn- -phyte, phyto-, vegeti-, vegeto-; poor deficient: comb -isch-, oligo-, sw/-ad, -aceae, -ales, -eae, -ia -penia; penniless: comb ptocho-, plastic surgery comb -plasty vidu-; base -mendie-, -paup-, plate comb lamelli-, lamini-, penur-, -pov-; quality: comb lamino-, placo- ; base -ted- ; caco-, kako- metal-:www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com comb elasmo- poppy comb opio-, papaver-; base platinum comb platini-, platino- -mecon- platypus base monotrem-, pro- porcelain base poticho- tother- porcupine base hystric- play comb -lude pore comb pori-, poro-, poroso- please base delect-, -plac-, volupt- pork base porcin- pleasure base -hedon-, volupt- porphyritic rock comb -phyre _. pleura comb pleuro- porpoise base delphin-, phoecaen- plover base charadr-, pluvial- portal comb porto- pluck base -tillo-, -vellic- portion base par-1 plug comb emboli-, embolo- ; base position office: suf-acy, -ate, -cy, -byon-, -farct- -dom, -ship plunge comb -merge, -merse possessing comb -echia; sw/-acean, plural suf-a., -acea, -aceae, -ae, 2 2 -aceous, -al, -ate, -ed, -ful, -ger- -des , -eae, -en , -es, -i, -ia, -ata, ous, -ial, -ine, -ious, -itious, -ory, -ota, -s; collective*: suf-ana. -ous, -some, -ulent, -ulous, -wise, pod base kelyph-, siliqu- -y; base -ten-; -parts: comb -fold poems comb rhapso-; base -metr-, possibility sw/-atile muso-; suf-ad postage stamp base philatel-, tim- pointed comb acantho-, aceto-, bro- acetyl-, acid-, aero-, acu-, acuti-, posterior comb postero- cusp-, mucro-, oxy-1, spiculi-, 1 potassium comb kal(i)- spiculo-, stylo- ; base -acerb-, aci-, potency comb dyna-, dynamo-, FINDER 151 pouch • produce

mega-, mégalo-, -megaly, -sthe- pressure comb bar(o)-, -piesis, nia, stheno- ; base -fore-, -fort-, piezo-, -tonia, -tonic, tono-; base -poten-, robor-; ~to do or be: suf thlips- -bility pretend comb pseudo-; base fict-, pouch comb angio-, asco-, burs(o)-, -simul- -ceco, chlamyd-, chrysali-, coleo-, preventing pre anti-; base imped-, -cyst, cysti-, cysto-, follic-, prohib- meningo-, pericardiaco-, pericar- previous pre pre-; comb back-, dio-, peritoneo-, physa-, physali-, yester- physo-, theca-, theco-, typhlo-, prickly comb echinato-, echino-, irtric-, vesico-; base marsup-, echinulato-, echinuli- ; base -sacc-, scrot-, -thylac- -urtic- poultry base gallin- priest base presbyter-, sacerdot- pound comb -cuss-, plessi-, rhabdo- ; primary comb archi-, proto- ; base base -cop-, rcrot-, fustig-, plang-, -prim-, -princip- puis-, quass-, vapul-, -verber- primate comb -pithecus pour base -chys-, -chyt-, -flu-, -fus- primitive comb archi-, paleo-, poverty comb -penia, ptocho-, prise-, proto¬ vidu-; base -mendie-, -paup-, principal comb arch(i)-1, prim-, penur-, -pov- proto- power(ful) comb -crat, crato-, principleof sw/-ism dyna-, dynamo-, mega-, mégalo-, print comb -type -megalywww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, stheno- ; base -fore-, prior to pre pre-; comb back-, -fort-, imper-, -poten-; ~to do or yester- be: suf -bility proceed comb -grade, -motive, -pla- practice of comb -craft; sw/-ade, nia , piano-; base -bat-, -ced-, -age, -al, -ance, -ancy, -asis, -asm, -cess-, -cur(s), -grad-, -gress-, -ation, -cy, -ence, -ency, -ery, -mob-, -vad-, -vas-; ~away: out-; -esis, -iasis, -ice, -ics, -ing, -ion, ~into: -dyte-; ~forward: pro-; -ism, -ment, -osis, -otic, -sion, -toward: -bound, -petal -sis, -th, -tion, -tious, -ture, -ure, process of comb -craft; sw/-ade, -y, -ysis -age, -al, -ance, -ancy, -asis, -asm, practitioner sw/-ician, -ist -ation, -cy, -ence, -ency, -ery, praise base encom-, -laud- -esis, -iasis, -ice, -ics, -ing, -ion, pray base litan-, orat-, -prec-, -rog- -ism, -ment1, -osis, -otic, -sion, preaching base kery- -sis, -th, -tion, -tious, -ture, -ure, precipice base -cremno- -y, -ysis predilection for comb philo- procession comb -cade pregnancy comb -cyesis, toco- ; base proclamation base kery- gestat-, -gravid-, -maieusi- procure base -cap-, -cep-, -cip-, prehistoric comb eo-, paleo-, proto- -dyte- preparation pre pre- produce/producing comb -facient, present base -don- -ferous, -fie, -fication, -gen, -gen¬ preserver suf-sote esis, -genie, -genous, -geny, -ger- press together base stip-2 ous, ideo-, -parous, -phor, product of • put 152 FINDER

-phorous, -plast, -plastic, plasto-, epi-, para-, peri-; comb juxta-, -plasty, poiesis, -poietic, -urgy; suf citra-, pene-, proximo- -ate, -atory, -ic, -fer, -ing, -otic proxy comb allelo-, allo-, alter-, product of comb -geny2, -gony; suf hetero- ; base -ali- -ade, -ery, -ment1 psychosis comb lysso-, -mania; base proficiency base -apt-, -habil-, ament-, dement- -poten-, -quai-; swf-bility, -fui, ptarmigan base tetraon- -ship pubescent base hebe- profit base lucri-, quaest- pubic comb pubio-, pubo- profusion base ampl-, copi-, larg- public comb demo-; base -pleb-, projectile base -ballist- -vulg- promoting base -gog- puke comb -emesis, -emetic, emeto- propagate base thremm- pull base -tillo-, -tract-, veil- propel comb -bole, -bolic, bolo-, pulley comb trochi-, trocho- -boly; base ballist-, -jact-, -jacula-, pulmonary comb pulmo- -ject- pulse comb sphygmo- ; base -crot- proper comb cyrio-, kyrio-, ortho- pumpkin base pepo- properties suf-ics puncture comb -centesis; base prophetic comb fati-, vati- stigm- propitiatory base hilasm-, ilast- punishment comb mastigo-, proposition comb -lemma1 rhabdo-; base castig-, peno-, prosperity comb chryso-, pluto- ; poine-, -pun-1 basewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com chrem-, -opul-, pecun- pupil eye: comb core-1, coreo-, prostate comb prostato- -coria, coro-, -koria, pupillo- ; prostitute comb cypriano-, hetaero-, student: base -discip- porno- ; base -meretric-, scort- ; puppet base pupa brothel: lupan- purchase comb onio- ; base -empt-, protected against comb -proof -mere-, nundin- protecting from comb para-1 purify base cathar-. See cleanse protection comb -phylactic, phy- purple comb purpureo- ; base ama¬ lacto-, -phylax, -phylaxis ranth-, blatt-2, indi-, indo-, protein comb proteo- phenic-, porphyr-, -*pun-2. Also protein hydrolysis suf-ose see "Colors" in Part III protest base -quer-, -querul- purpose comb teleo-, telo- protoplasm comb -plasmo-, -plast purse comb burs(o)-, marsup-, protuberance comb condyl(o)-, phasco- gibboso-, hybo-, papillo-, purslain base portulac- ramoso-, thelo-, umbo- pursue base secut-, sequ- proverb base parem-, paroem- pus comb purulo-, pyo-. See infec¬ provide pre be-; base -don-; suf-ate tion provided with comb -echia; suf push comb -trude; base -pel-, -pul-, -able, -ate, -ed2, -ious, -ous, trus- proving comb -deictic put base -pon-, -pos-; suf-en; proximity pre a-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, -in the form of: swf-ate; -to¬ al-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, by-, cis-, gether: comb -thesis, -thetic; base FINDER 153 putrefying • quivering

cond-, -fabr-, -fac-, -fee-, -fie-, pytho-, sapro-, septi-, septico-, -struct- septo- ; base marcesc-, phthor-, putrefying comb cario-, lysi-, lyso-, tabe-; sw/-ase -lysis, -lyte, -lytic, phthino-, pylorus comb pyloro- phthisio-, -phthisis, putre-, putri-, pyrites comb pyrito-

Q quadrillion(th) comb femto-, peta- quaver comb tremo- ; base pav-, quaff comb pino-, poto- ; base -bib-, trep- pocul- queen base regin- quail base coturn-, gallinac- quell comb stasi-, -stasis, -stat, quake base -pav-, -trem- stato- ; base fin-, termin- qualified comb -potent; s«/-able, quest comb -petal, -quire, -quiry; -ible, -ile; in an -way: -bly base indag-, -rog-, -scrut- quality of suf-able, -acity, -acy, question base erot-, -quir-, -rog- -age, -ance, -ancy, -ant, -asis, quickness comb ocy-, tacho-, -asm, -ate, -atile, -ation, -cy, tachy-; base alacr-, celer-, festin-, -dom, -eity, -ence, -ency, -ent, veloc- -erywww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, -esis, -fill, -hood, -iasis, quicksand base syrt- -ice1, -ility, -ion, -ise, -ism, -ity, quiet comb hesy-; base -plac-, -ling, -ma, -ment, -ness, -or3, quiesc-, -tacit- -osis, -otic, -red, -ship, -sion, -th, quinine base cinchon- -tion, -tude, -ture, -ty1, -ure, -y2 quintillion(th) comb atto-, exa- qualm comb -phobe, -phobia, quirky comb aetheo-, anom(o)-, -phobic, phobo-; base pavid-, anomalo-. See irregular tim(or)-, -trem-, -trep-. Also see quisling base prodit- "Fear" in Part III quit base relinq- quantity base -quant-; suf -age, quite pre be-, cata-, cath-, de-, -fui" kata-, ob-, per-; comb holo-, quarrel comb -machy; base litig-, omni-, pan-, panto-, stone-, toti- pugil-, -pugn-, -rix- quivering comb -chorea, choreo-, quarter base quadr- -clonk, -clonus, -esmus, -ismus, quash comb lysi-, lyso-, -lysis, spasmo- ; base -stal-, -vellic- -lytic, -lyze, -phage, phago-, - phagous, -phagy; base -ate-4, perd-, phthart-, -vast- rabbit • red 154 FINDER

R rabbit base cunic-, lago-, lepor- ray comb radio-, radiato- ; base rabies base lyss- bolo-2, -rad- raccoon base arctoid-, procyon- razor base xyr- race group: comb -ethno, geno-, reading comb -legia; base lect-, phylo- -leg-1 race course comb -drome, dromo-, real basever- dromous realm sw/-dom, -ric radiant comb helio- ; base fulg-, rear comb hind-. See behind nitid-; ~energy: comb bolo-2, reasoning comb -gnomy, -gnosia, radio-, spectro- -gnosis, -gnostic, -gnoto, ideo-, radicals suf -yl, -ylene; two~: comb -noia, -nomy, -phrenic, phrenico-, bi- phreno-, psycho-, -sophy, thymo-, radicle comb radiculo-, rostell- -witted; base -cogit-, -cogn-, radioactive comb radio - ment(a)-, -noe-, -put-, -ratio-, radish base raphan- -sci- rag base pann- rebuke base increp- railroad base siderodromo- receiver comb -ceptor; base -cap-, rain comb hyeto-, pluvio-; base -cip-; suf-ee imbri-, nimb-, ombr- recent comb -cene, ceno-1, neo-, rainbowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comw base irid- nov- raise cultivate: base -ponic; lift: receptacle comb angio-, asco-, levat- bursi-, burso-, ceco-, chlamyd-, ram comb crio-, krio-; base -ariet- chrysali-, cisto-, coleo-, -cyst, rank comb -rater; sw/-cy, -dom2, cysti-, cysto-, follic-, meningo-, -ship pericardiaco-, pericardio-, perito- rap comb plessi-; base cop-, -crot-, neo-, phasco-, physa-, physali-, -cuss-, -plang-, puis-, -tus-, physo-, -theca, theci-, theco-, ty- vapul-, -verber- phlo-, utri-, utric, vesico-; base rape base rap-, rep-, stupr- -sacc-, -thylac- rapid comb ocy-, tacho-, tachy-; reciprocal pre co-, inter-, syl-, sym-, base alacr-, celer-, festin-, veloc- syn-, sys; comb allelo-, hama-, rare comb mano-, spano- ; base symphyo, synchro- ; base -allac-, -areo-2 -allag-, -allaxis-, -mutu- rash comb -anthema recline base -cub-, -cumb- rat base mur- recognition comb -gnosis, -gnostic ratio, inverse pre sub- reconstructive surgery comb rattlesnake base crotal- -plasty raven comb coraci-, coraco-; base rectification comb ortho- ; base cas- corvin- tig-, emend- ravenous base avid-, edac-, rectum comb procto-, recto- gulos- red comb carmino-, erysi-, erythro-, raw base omo-2 phoeni-, pyhrro-, rhodo-, roseo-, FINDER 155 redundant • resin

testaceo-; base coccin-, coquel-, base epana-, -iter-, palin-; suf-er. cruent-, -ereuth-, ferrug-, fuc-, See frequent grenat-, -later-, minia-, murex-, replacement comb allelo-, allo-, nacar-, -rub-, -rud-, -ruf-, -rut-. alter-, hetero-; base -ali- Also see "Colors" in Part III replete comb -filled, pleni-, pleo-, redundant comb perisso- plero-, pluri-; base -pier-, -plet-; reed comb aulo-, follic-, salpingo-, sw/-acious, -ate, -ic, -ful, -ilent, siphoni-, siphono-, solen(o)-, -ose, -osity, -ous, -ulent, -y syringo-, tubi-, tubo-, tubuli-, reply base apocris-. See say vasi-; base arundi-, calam-, fistul-, repress comb stasi-, -stasis, -stat, -syr- stato-; base fin-, termin- refuse to pre dis- reproach comb enisso-, enosi- region comb choro- reproduce comb aetio-, -blast, regular comb cyrio-, kyrio-, blasto-, -blasty, -carp, -carpic, homalo-, homolo-, ortho- carpo-, -carpous, etio-, -gen, regulate base -temp- -genie, -genesis, -genous, -geny, regurgitate comb -emesis, -emetic, -gone, -gonium, gono-, -gony, emeto- -phyletic, sperma-, -spermal, reject base relinq- spermato-, spermi-, -spermic, relate base narr- spermo-, sporo-; base -init-; suf relatingto sw/-acean, -aceous, -ad2, -esce, -escence, -escent -al, -an, -ar, -arious, -ary, -atic, reptile comb echidno-, -glypha, -ativewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, -atory, -eae, -ean, -eous, herpeto-, -ophidia, ophidio-, -ery, -etic, -ial, -ian, -ic, -id, -il, ophio-, -saur, sauro-, -saurus; -ile, -ina, -inae, -ine, -ing, -ious, base angui-, batrach-, colubr-, -istic, -ite, -itic, -itious, -itive, reptil-, -serp-, viper- -ive, -oidea, -orious, -ory, -otic, repulsion base fastid- -tious, -tive, -ular request base -pet-, -quir-, -quis-, relatives base cogn-, famil-, stirp- -rog- release base -miss-, -mit-, -pomp- require base exig- relieving comb lyo-, lysi-, -lysis, rescued comb eleuthero- ; base lyso-, -lyte, -lytic, -lyze; base -liber-, vac(u)- -liqu-, -solu-, -solv- resembling pre para-, quasi-; comb relics comb lipsano-, reliq- homeo-, homoio-, homolo-, iso-, religion comb religio-, theo- -opsis, -phane, -phanic, -phany, remember comb -mnesia, -mnesis; pheno-; base simil-; swf-acean, base -mem-, -mnem- -aceous, -al, -an, -ar, -ary, -ean, remote comb disto-, tele- -en, -eous, -esque, -fui, -ic, -il, remove pre ab-, abs-, apo-, be-, de-, -ile-, -ine, -ing, -ish, -istic, -isti- des-, di-, dia-, dif-, dis-, e-, ec-, cal, -itious, -ize, -like, -ode, -oid, ef-, ex-, for-, off-, se, with-; comb -oidal, -ose, -osity, -some, -tious, ectro- -ular, -y repair comb ortho- ; base castig-, resentment base -invid- emend- reservoir base lacco- repeatedly comb batto-, pollaki-; resin comb resino- resistant to • rod 156 FINDER resistant to comb -proof, -tight; riches comb chryso-, pluto- ; base ^disease: comb immuno- chrem-, -opul-, pecun- resourceful base agil-, facil-, ingen- ridge comb crebri-, lopho-; base respiration comb -pnea, pneo-, -carin- pneumato-, pneumo-, pneu- ridicule comb catagelo-, katagelo- mono-, pneusio-, pulmo-, respi- ridiculous base fatu-, inan-, moro-, rato-, spiro-1; base -hal- stult- responsibility comb hypegia-, right comb recti-; ~angle: comb hypengy- ; base paralip- ortho-; '-side: comb dexio-, dex- responsive to comb -trope, -tropic, tro- ; correct: comb ortho- ; base -tropism, tropo-, -tropous, emend- -tropy righteous pre bene-, eu-; base rest base oti- agath-, bon-, prob- restless comb agito- base -turb- rigid comb ancylo-, ankylo-, tetano- restrained comb brady- ; base rind comb -lemma2 -cunct-, imped-, -mora-, -tard- ring comb annul-, ano-2, crico-, restriction comb isch-, koly-, cyclo-, disco-, globo-, gyro-, -penia, rhopo-, -strain, -strict; -sphere, sphero-, stilli- ; base base angust-, -string-; sw/-en. See -anu-, -cinct-, -cing-, -circin-, tie -circul-, -coron-, -glomer-, result (of) comb ergo-, -ergic, -numm-, -orb-, -rot-, -troch-, -ergy; sw/-age, -asm, -ata, -ation, -zon- ; finger~: dactylio- ; www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com1 2 -ency, -ism, -ma, -ment , -mony, ~shaped: ano- -sion, -ure ringing base tinn-, tintinn- retaliation comb counter- ringlet comb cirr(h)i-, cirr(h)o- retention comb -echia, -tain; base ripe base -matur- -cathex-, -ten- rise base -cresc-, -surg- reticular comb reticulo- risky base pericul- retina comb retino- rivaling pre anti- return pre re- ; comb nosto- river comb fluvio-, potamo- ; base reveal comb phaeno-, pheno-; base amn-, flum-, -rip- -monstr- roach base blatt- reversal comb allô-; base -vers-, road comb hodo, -ode, odo-; base -vert- -iter-, -via- reverse pre anti-, de- roadrunner base cucul- revile base vituper- roar base -frem- revulsion comb miso-, -phobe, robber comb clepto-, klepto-, lesto- ; -phobia, -phobic; base -invid-, base -furt-, harpax-, latro-, pred- -ira(sc)-, odi- robin base -turd- rhinoceros base ceratorh- robust comb -proof, dur(o)-; base rhombus com b rhombo- -fore-, -fort- rib comb costi-, costo- rock comb -lithic, litho-, pesso-, ribbon comb taeni-, taenio-, -tene, petri-, petro-, sax(i)-; base -lapid-, teni- ; base lemnisc- -rupes-, rupic-; 5u/-ite rice base oryzi-, rizi- rod (shaped) comb bacilli-, bacillo-, FINDER 157 Roman • saccharin

bacul-, fusi-, fuso-, rhabdo-, -al, -ance, -ancy, -asis, -asm, vergi-; base coryn-, ferul-, -rad-, -ation, -cy, -ence, -ency, -ery, virgul- -esis, -iasis, -ice, -ics, -ing, -ion, Roman comb Romano- -ism, -ment, -osis, -otic, -sion, romantic comb romantico- -sis, -th, -tion, -tious, -ture, -ure, roof comb stego-, tecti-, tegu-; ~of -y, -ysis mouth: comb palato-, uranisco rows comb -stichia, sticho-, -stic- rooster comb alector-, alectry- hous root comb radiculo-, rhizo-, -rrhiza; rubbing comb tribo-, -tripsy; base base -radie-, -stirp- trit- rope comb funi-, resti-, schoeno- rude base contum-, impud-, pro- rose comb rhodo-, roseo- cac- rotary comb cyclo-, roti-, troch-, rue base rut- trochalo-, trochi-, trocho- rug base \odic- rotten comb lysi-, lyso-, -lysis, -lyte, ruination comb lysi-, lyso-, -lysis, phthysio-, -phthysis, putre-, -lytic, -lyze, -phage, phago-, putri-, pytho-, sapro-, septi-, -phagous, -phagy; base -ate-4, septo- ; base -putr- perd-, phthart-, -vast- rough comb asper-. trachy-; base ruler comb -arch2, gubern- ; base -rud-, salebr- -reg- round comb ano-, annul-, convexo-, ruling comb -archy, -ocracy; base crico-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, cyclo-, disco-, gibboso-, -regn- globi-, globo-, glom-, gyro-, rump comb podic-, pygia, pygo- ; orbito-, rotundi-, rotundo-, base nati- -sphere, sphero-, stilli-, tereti-, run comb -drom(e), dromo-, -dro- tereto-, trochi-, trocho-, zon-, mous; base curr-, -cur(s)- zoni-; base -anu-, -cing-, -cinct-, rune comb runo- -circin-, -circul-, -coron-, rupture comb -clasia, -clasis, clastic, -glomer-, -numm-, -orb-, -rot-, frag-, -rhegma, -(r)rhexis; base strongyl- ; partly-: comb orbicu- -fract-, -frang-, -rupt- lato- rush hurry: base curr-, impet-, route comb -ode, odo-; base -itin-, -vad-, -was-;plant: -junc- -via- Russia(n) comb Russo- routine comb -craft; swf-ade, -age, rust base rubig-

sable base zibel- dio-, peritoneo-, physa-, physali-, sac comb angio-, asco-, bursi-, physo-, -theca, theco-, typhlo-, burso-, ceco-, chlamyd-, chrysali, utri-2, utric-, vesico- ; base mar- coleo-, -cyst, cysti-, cysto-, follic-, sup-, -sacc-, -thylac- meningo-, pericardiaco-, pericar- saccharin comb saccharo- sacrifice • scrub 158 FINDER sacrifice base -thy- -loc(u)-, -loqu-, narr-, -orat-, sacred comb hagio-, hiero- ; base -phat-, -phem- -sacr-, -sanct- scabbard comb coleo- sacrum comb sacro- scale base -libra- saddle base ephipp- scales comb lamelli-, lepido-, sadness comb lype-; base dolor-, squamato-, squamo-, squamoso-, fleb-, flet, luct-, -trist- squaroso-; base -pholid-, -scut- safe from comb -proof, -tight scalloped comb cren-, crenato-, saffron base -croce- crenulato- sail base navig- scandal comb -gate sailfish base istiophor- scapula comb scapulo- saint comb hagio- scar comb ulo-1; base -cica- salad base acetar- scarce comb mano-, spano-; base saliva comb ptyal(o)-, sial1- -areo- salmon comb salmoni- scared base -pavid-, -tim-, trepid-. salt comb alo-, halo-, sali-, salino-; See fear base sals-; sw/-ate, -ite scatter comb -sperse; base -spor- salvation base soter- scenery comb -scape same pre co- ; comb equi-, homo-, scent comb brom(o)-, odori-, iso-, pari-, tauto-; -time: comb odoro-, olfacto-,-osmia, osmo-, hama- ; base -simul- osphresio-, ozo-, ozono- sand comb ammo-, arenacio-, school base schol- psammowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- ; base aren-, sabul-, science comb -graphy, -logic, -logi¬ saburr- cal, -logy, techno-, -techny; suf sand grouse base pterocl- -ics sandpiper base charadr-, -tring- scimitar comb acinaci- sandwich comb -burger scintillation comb sela-; base -fulg-, sarcastic base acerb-, mord- stilpno- sated comb -filled, pleni-, pleo-, scissors base forfic-, -psalid- plero-, pluri-; base -pier-, -plet-; sclera comb sclero- sw/-acious, -ate, -ic, -ful, -ilent, scold base increp- -ose, -osity, -ous, -ulent, -y scopeof sw/-ure saucer base acetabul- scorn base deris- sausage(-shaped) base allant(o)-, scorpion base pedipalp- botul- Scottish comb Scoto- savage base agrio- scourge comb cnido-, mastigo- ; save base salv-, serrato- base flagell-, -piq-, -urtic- saw tool: comb pri-, priori-, runcin-, scrap comb clasmato-, -fid; base serrato-, serri- frag-, frust-, -par- sawdust base scobi- scratch comb amycho-, scab-, say comb -claim, logo-, -logue, titillo- -lalia, -lexia, lexico-, -lexis, -lexy, scrotum comb didym(o)-, orchido-, -logy, -phone, phono-, -phony, orchio-, oscheo-; base -scrot- rhet-, verbi-, verbo-, voc-, voci-, scrub comb balneo- ; base ablut-, -voke; base -clam-, -diet-, cathar-, -lav-, -mund-, -purg- FINDER 159 sculpt • serenity sculpt comb glyph-, glypt- -spermic, spermo-, -spermous, scurvy base -scorb- -spore, spori-, sporo-, -sporous; Scythian comb Scytho- base semin- sea comb enalio-, halo-, mare-, seek(ing) comb -petal, -quire, mari-, thalasso-, thalatto- ; base -quiry; base -rog-, -scrut-. See aequor-, naut-, nav-, pelag-; turn towards -shore: paral-, thino- seemingly pre quasi- sea horse base hippocamp- segment comb clasmato-, dicho-, sea urchin base echin- -fid2, fissi-, schisto-, schizo-, seagull base -lar- -tomy; base -par- seal animal: comb phoc(o)-; stamp: seize comb -tain; base -cap(t)-, base -sigil-, sphrag- -cathex-, -ger-, -hapt-, plag-, search(ing) comb -petal, -quire, -prehend, prehens-, rap-, rep-, -quiry; base indag-, -rog-, -scrut-. -ten- See turn towards seizure comb -agra, -lepsia, -lepsis, seasons comb horo- ; fall: base -au¬ -lepsy, -leptic tumn- ; spring: base -vern- ; sum¬ selection base -opt-, -vol- mer: base -aestiv- ; winter: base self comb auto-, ego-, idio-, ipse-, -hibern-, -hiem- proprio-, self-, tauto-; base -ille- ; seat base cathedr-, sedil- -indulgence: apolaust- seaweed comb phyceae-, -phyceous, selfishness base avar-, avid-, phycowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- ; base -fuc- cup(id)-, edac-, gulos-, pleonec-, sebum comb sebo- pleonex- 2 second/secondary pre bi-, para- , self-moving comb auto- super-; comb deuter(o)-, deuto-. sell base empor-, -mere-, vend- See two send base -miss-, -mit-1, -pomp- second-rate pre hypo-, sub-, under- ; sensation comb -esthesia, esthesio-, comb hystero-; base hesson-; suf- hapto1-, sensi-, senso-, sensori-. aster Also see "The Senses" in Part III secret pre subter-; comb calypto-, senseless base -stup- crypto- ; base arcan-, occult- sensory comb sensori- secretion comb crino-, -crine; wax- sepals comb sepalous like-: comb cerumini- separate pre apo-, dia-, dis-, for-, sect swf-arian se-; comb chori-, choristo-, crit-2, secure comb -proof, -tight dicho-, dialy- see comb eid(o)-, oculo-, ommat-, sequel following: pre epi-, meta-, -opia, opsi-, -opsia, -opsis, opso-, post- ; comb after-, hind-, pos- -opsy, ophthalmo-, optico-, opto-, tero-; base -secut-, -sequ-; suf -scope, -scopic, scopo-, -scopy, -an; outcome: comb ergo-, -ergic, visuo- ; base -blep-, -scrut-, -spec-, -ergy; sw/-age, -asm, -ata, -ation, -spic-, -vid-. Also see "The Senses" -ency, -ism, -ma, -ment, -mony, in Part III -sion, -ure seeds comb -carp, -carpic, carpo-, Serbia comb Serbo- -carpous, -sperm, -spermal, sper- serenity base -eiren-, -iren-, -pac-, matio-, spermato-, spermi-, -pax- series • shield 160 FINDER series base -hirmo- scapi-, thyrsi-, thyrso- ; base serious base grav- festuc-, stip- sermon base -homil-, kery- shaggy base -hispid-, vill- serous fluid base ichor- shaking base agit-, -cuss-, lab-, pav-, serrated comb serrato- ; base cren-1, quass-, tremo-, trep-, vibro- lacin-. See notched shallow base lev-, parv- serum comb oro-, orrho-, sero- shame base pud-, verecund- serviceable comb chreo-, chresto-; shape, a comb eid(o)-, -form, base -util- -morph, -morphic, -morphism, set comb -thesis, -thetic; base -pon-, morpho-, -morphous; base -pos-; suf-en; -apart: base sacr- -figur-, -schem- seta comb chaet(o)- shaped like comb -form, -oid, settlement comb ekist- ; base -dom- ; -oidal. Also see "Shapes" in Part swf-age III seven comb hebdo-, hepta-, septem-, shapeless comb amorpho - sept(i)-1; -hundred: septinginti-. shark base carcharin-, gale-2, Also see "Numbers" in Part III selach-, sphyrn-, squal- seventeen base heptakaideca, sharp comb acantho-, aceto-, acetyl-, septendecim- acid-, aero-, acu-, acuti-, cusp-, seventh base septim- echino-, mord-, oxal-, oxy-1, spi- seventy base septuagen-, septuages-, culi-, spiculo-, stylo-1; base acer-1, septuagint- -acerb-, -aichm-, -aichur-, asper-, sevewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comr comb -cide, cis-, -cise, -ec- -belon-, muric-, -punct-, -piq-, tomy, inciso-, -sect, temno-, pung-, xyr- -tmesis, -tome, tomo-, -tomous, shatter comb -clasia, -clasis, -clas¬ -tomy; base sec- tic, -rhegma, -(r)rhexis; base several comb multi-, pluri-, pollaki-, agmat-, -fract-, -frag-, -frang-, poly- -rupt- sew base -sutil- shave base tonsor sewer base cloac- shears base forfic-, psalid- sex organs comb genito- ; base sheath comb angio-, chlamyd-, -aede- ; female-: colpo- ; male-: coleo-, meningo-, -theca, theci-, phallo- theco-, vagini-, vagino-. See con¬ sexual comb aphrodisio-, eroto-, tainer gameto-, gamo-, -gamous, -gamy, shed comb lyo-, lysi-, -lysis, lyso-, geno-, gonado-, -gone, -gonium, -lyte, -lytic, -lyze; base -liqu-, gono-, -gony, nympho- ; base - -solu-, -solv- 2 coit-, -cyprid-, -vener-1; -inter¬ sheep base ovi- , verv-. See lamb course: subagit-; -uncertainty: sheet bed-: lodic- ; layer: lamin- ; gynandro- winding-: sindon- shabby base sord-, turp- shell comb conchi-, kelyph-, lorica-, shadow comb scia-, scio-1, skia-; -ostraca, ostraco-, testaceo- base -opac-, -umbr- shield comb aspido-, peltati-, shaft comb calam-, cauli-, caulo-, peltato-, pelti-, pelto- base clype-, cormo-, culm-, ferul-, paxill-, scut- FINDER 161 shift • sink shift base camb-, -fabr-, -fee-, path, -pathic, patho-, -pathy; base -mut-, -vari-, -vert-. See change aegr-, cachex-, -morb-, -pecca-, shiny base fulg-, gano-, lustr-, valetud- pheng-, rutil-, sela-, stilpno- side pre by- ; on or near~: comb lat- ship base nau-, naut-, nav- eri-, latero-, pleuro- shoe base -cake-, -crep- sieve comb coli-2, coscino-, cribri-, shoot base weapon: -ballist-, -jacul- ; ethmo- plant: surcul- sift base -cern- shopkeeper base capel- sight comb eid(o)-, oculo-, ommat-, shore base littor- -opia, opsi-2, -opsia, -opsis, opso-, shortage comb isch-, oligo-, -penia -opsy, ophthalmo-, optico-, opto-, shorter comb brachisto-, brachy-, -scope, -scopic, scopo-, -scopy, brevi-, chamae-, hekisto-, micro-, visuo-; base -blep-, -scrut-, -spec-, mini-, parvi-, parvo-, steno-, -spic-, -vid-, vis- tapino- ; base -curt-, exig- ; suf sign(al) comb sema-, -seme, se- -cle, -cula, -cule, -een, -el, -ella, meio-, semio- -en, -et, -ette, -idion, -idium, -ie, silent comb hesy- ; base -tacit- -ilia, -illo, -isk, kin, -le, -let, silica/silicon comb siliceo-, silici-, -ling, -ock, -ola, -ole, -rel, -ula, silico- -ule, -ulum, -ulus, -y silk comb metax-, seri-, sericeo-, shoulder comb acromio-, humero-, serico- omo-1; ~blade: comb scapuli-, silkworm base -bombyc- scapulowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- ; base spatul- silly base fatu-, inan-, moro-, shout base clam-, vocif- stult- show comb phaeno-, pheno- ; base Silurian comb Siluro- -monstr- silver(y) comb argenti-, argento-, showers comb hyeto-, pluvio-; base argyro-, glauco-, plat-2. Also see imbri-, ombr- "Colors" in Part III shrew base soric-, tupai- similar pre para-, quasi-; comb shrimp base macrur- -esque, homeo-, homoeo-, shrine comb aedi- homoio-, homolo-, iso-, -phane, shrink base dimin- -phanic; base simil-; su/-acean, shrivel base marces-, marcid- -aceous, -al, -an, -ar, -ary, -ean, shroud base sindon- -en, -eous, -esque, -fui, -ic, -il, shrub base thamn- (thamnium); -ile-, -ine, -ing, -ish, -itious, -ize, shrublike: comb fruticuloso- -like, -ode, -oid, -ose, -osity, shun base phygo- -some, -tious, -ular, -y shut comb -atresia, atreto-, claus- simple base facil-. See single tro-, cleido-, -cleisis, cleisto-, sin comb enisso-, enosio- ; base stego- ; base clithr-, -clud-, -clus- -culp-, hamart-, -pecca- shyness base tim-, verecund- sincere base prob-, ver- Sicilian comb Siculo- sinew comb chord-, -chorda, cord- sickle(-shaped) comb drepani-, single comb eka-, haplo-, heno-, falci- mono-, uni- sickness pre dys-, mal- ; comb noso-, sink decline: comb -atrophia; base sinuous • smooth 162 FINDER

dimin- ; decrease: base decresc-, slave comb dulo-; base -serv- dimin- sleep comb hypno-, somni-; base sinuous comb -enchyma1 carot-, -dorm-, -sopor- siphylis comb syphilo- sleeplessness base agrypn- sister base -soror- slender comb lepto-, sténo-, -tenu-; sit base -cathis-, -kathis-, -sed-, base -areo-, gracil- -sess-; -in: -sid- slide fraselaps- situated comb out- slightly pre sub-; suf -aster2 six comb hexa-, seni-, sexi, sexti-, slime comb blenno-, -chezia, copro-, sise-; -hundred: hexacosi-, sex- lim-, muci-, muco-, myco-, myso-, cent-; -times: hexakis-. A/50 see -myxia, myxo-, p(a)edo-, scato-, "Numbers" in Part III stegno-, stereo- ; base -fecu-, -fim-, sixteen base hexadeca-, hexa- molys-, rhypar- kaideca, sedecim- slippery base -lubric- sixth base sext- slope comb -clinal, -clinate, -cline, sixty base hexaconta-, sexagen-, -clinic, clino-, -clisis, klino-, sexages- lechrio-, loxo-, plagio- ; base -clit-, size comb -footer, -sized; -of a -cliv- sheet: suf -mo. Also see "Dimen¬ sloth animal: base xenarthr- ; indo¬ sion" in Part III lence: base pigr-, segn- skeleton comb skeleto- slow comb brady-; base -cunct-, skill comb -craft, -ship, techno- lent-, -pigr-, -tard- skin www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comcomb chorio-, cut(i)-, -derm, slug base limac- -derma, dermato-, -dermatous, sly base daedal- -dermis, dermo-, dora- ; base - smaller) comb brachisto-, brachy-, pell-; ~disease:licheno-; -eleva¬ hekisto-, micro-, mini-, nano-, tion: comb papulo-; -itch: comb parvi-, parvo-, steno-; base -curt-, acar-, scabi(o)-; base -prur-, exig-; 5w/-cle, -cula, -cule, -psor-. See flesh -culum, -culus, -een, -el, -ella, skirmish base velit-. See battle -en, -et, -ette, -idion, -idium, -ie, skull comb -cephalic, cephalo-, -ilia, -illo, -isk, kin, -le, -let, -cephalous, -cephaly, cranio-, -ling, -ock, -ola, -ole, -rel, -ula, occipito-, orbito- -ule, -ulum, -ulus, -y skunk base mephit-, mustel- smart base sapien- sky base coeli- smell comb brom(o)-, -odic, odori-, skylark base alaud- odoro-, -olent, olfacto-, -osmia, slab base -pinac-, -pinak- osmo-1, osphresio-, ozo-, ozono-; slag base scoria- base fet-, nidor-. See also "The slander base calumn- Senses" in Part III slanting comb -clinal, -clinate, smelt base -ather- -cline, -clinic, clino-, -clisis, smile base ris- lechrio-, loxo-, plagio-; base smoke comb -capnia, capno- ; base -cliv-. See bent -fum- slaughter base trucid- smooth comb even-, leio-, lisso-; Slav comb Slavo- base -glabr-, -levig-, -lubr-, psilo- FINDER 163 smother • speak smother base -pnig(er)- soot base fulig- smut base aischro- soothing base anet-, -len-, miti-1 snail base cochlea-, gastropod-, sorcery base -venefic- limac- sordid base sord-, turp- snake comb -glypha, herpeto-, soreness comb alge-, algesi-, -algia, echidno-, -ophidia, ophio-; base algo-, -algy, -dynia, noci-, -ody- angui-, colubr-, reptil-, serpen-, nia, odyno-, pono- ; base dolor-, viper-; ~charmer: psyll- -nox- snapper base lutjan- sorrow comb lype-; base dolor-, 1 snatch base -rap-, -rep- -fleb-, -flet-, -luct- , trist- sneer base mycter- soul comb pneumato-, thumo-, sneeze base ptarm-, sternut- -thymia, thymo- ; base -anim-, snipe base charadr-, scolopac- -spirit- snore base rhonch-, stertor- sound comb acou-, acoust-, snout comb rhyncho-, -rrhyncha; audi(o)-, auri-, echo-, oto-, base probosc-, rostell-, -rostr-. See -ecoia, -phone, phono-, -phony, beak -phthong, soni-, sono-, sonoro-. snow base -chion-, -chium-, ning-, See noise niv- soundness base salub-, san- soak up comb -sorb1; base bib- sour base acer-, acid-, amar- soap base sapon(i)- source comb aetio-, -blast, blasto-, sober base abstinent: nephal- ; seri¬ -blasty, -carp, -carpic, carpo-, ous:www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com grav- -carpous, etio-, -gen, -genie, social belief sw/-arian -genesis, -genous, -geny, -gone, society comb anthropo-, socio- -gonium, gono-, -gony, -phyletic, socket comb alveolo- ; base -gomph- sperma-, -spermal, spermato-, sodium comb -natremia, sodio- spermi-, -spermic, spermo-, soft comb -malacia, malaco-; base sporo-; base -init-; suf-esce, hapal-, -len-, malax-, -moll-; -escence, -escent ~deposit: comb athero- ; ~palate: south comb austro-, noto- velar- sow base sativ-, sator-, sparg- 1 3 Spanish comb Hispano-, Ibero- soil comb agro-, paedo- , pedo- ; 2 base edaph-, -hum-, -terr- sparing base frug- soldier comb -milit- spark base -scintill-, spinthar- sole of the foot base pelm-, -plant- sparrow base passer- solid comb stereo- sparse comb oligo-; base pauc(i)- solitary comb auto-, eremo-, mono-, spasm comb -chorea, choreo-, soli-, uni-. See one -clonic, -clonus, -esmus, -ismus, somewhat pre demi-, hemi-, semi-; spasmo-, -tonic; base -stal-, comb -atelia, atelo-; swf-esce, -vellic- -escence, -escent, -y1 spatula comb spathi-, spatuli- son base fili- speak, speech comb -claim, logo-, son-in-law base -gener- -logue, -lalia, -lexia, lexico-, song comb asmato-, lyrico-, melo-1, -lexis, -lexy, -logy, -phone, musico-; ~birds: oscin- phono-, -phony, verbi-, verbo-, spear • squirrel 164 FINDER

voc-, voci-, -voke; base -clam-, spiral comb cirri-, cochlio-, gyro-, -diet-, garrul-, -loc(u)-, -loqu-, helico-, spiri-, spiro-2, strepto-, -orat-, phat-, -phem-, rhet-; de¬ stromb- fective^, comb -lalia, lalo-, -pha- spirit comb pneumato- ; base sia, -phasic, -phasis, -phasy, -anim- -phemia, -phemy; base psell- spirits base phantas-, phasm-, spear comb hastato-, hasti-; '-head: spectr- lonch- spitting comb -ptysis. See saliva specialist sw/-ician, -ist, -ologist spleen comb lieno-, splenico-, speckled base -psar-. See spotted spleno- specter base phantas-, phasm-, splendid basehxstx- spectr- split comb dicho-, -fid-, -fissi-, spectroscope comb spectro- schisto-, schizo-, -tomy; base speed comb tacho-, tachy-, veloci-; -par-, -crev- base -celer-, festin- spoil comb lysi-, lyso-, -lysis, -lytic, sphenoid bone comb spheno- -lyze, -phage, phago-, -phagous, 2 spherical comb ano- , annul-, -phagy; base -ate-4, perd-, 2 crico- , cyclo-, disco-, globi-, phthart-, -vast-, vitia- globo-, glom-, gyro-, orbito-, spoke a brace: base -rad- ; talked: sphaero-, -sphere, spherico-, See speak sphero-, stilli-, zon-, zoni- ; base sponge-like comb spongio-, spongo- anu-, -cing-, -cinct-, -circin-, spontaneous comb ultro- -circul-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, -coron-, -glomer-, spoon base cochlea- -numm-, -orb-, -rot-, -troch- spore comb -spore, spori-, sporo-, spider comb arachn(o)-, araneo-; -sporous base arene-, phalang- ; black spot comb celido- widow~: base latrodect- 1 spotted comb ocelli-; base -macul-, spike comb helo- , scolo-, spiculi-, psar-, -stict-, -variol- spiculo-; ~of corn: spici-; succu¬ spouse base conjug-, marit-, uxor- lent ~: comb spadici- spread expand: comb -ectasia, spill base -chys-, -chyt-, -flu-, -fus- 1 -ectasis; base -dilat- ; scatter: base spin comb gyro- sparg- spinal cord comb -myelia, myelo- spring leap: salta-; season: pri- spindle comb fusi-, fuso-, fusu- maver-, -vern- ; water: base cren-2, spine comb aculei-, rachi(o)-, pego-, scatur- rhach(i)-, -rrhachia, spini-, spino-, sprinkle base sparg-, -sperg-, spinoso-, spinuloso-, spondylo-, -spers- vertebro- spurious comb kibdelo-, pseudo-; spiny comb acantho-, aceto-, acetyl-, base -notho- acid-, aero-, acu-, acuti-, cusp-, squama comb squamato-, squamo-, echinato-, echino-, echinulato-, squamoso-, squaroso- echinuli-, oxal-, oxy-, spiculi-, square base quadr- spiculo-, stylo-; base -acerb-, squid base cephalopod-, teutho- -aichm-, -aichur-, -belon-, murk-, squinting base -strab-, -strabism- -punct-, -piq-, -punct- squirrel base sciur- FINDER 165 stable • stop stable base diuturn-, dur(o)-, steady base perm-, stabil- perenn-, perm-, stabil- steal comb clepto-, klepto-, lesto- ; stag base cerv-, elaph- base -furt-, harpax-, klope-, stage player base -histrion- ladron-, latro-, -rept- stagger base titub- steam comb atmo- stain base -macul-, spil-, -tinct-, steel base chalyb- -ting- steep base ard-3, precip- stairs base -climac- steering comb -agogic, -agogue; stalactite comb stalacti- base -vers-, -vert- stalk shaft: comb calam-, cauli-, stem comb cauli-, caulo-, cormo-, caulo-, cormo-, culm-, ferul-, scapi- ; base calam-, culmi-, sar- paxill-, scapi-, thyrsi-, thyrso- ; ment- base festuc-, stip-1; hunt: base stench comb brom(o)-, odori-, -venat- odoro-, olfacto-, -osmia, osmo-, stamens comb -androus, stamini- osphresio-, ozo-, ozono- ; base fet-, stamp comb -type, sigil- ; postage-: -mephit-, putr- base philatel-, timbro- step comb -basia, bato-, -grade; base standard comb ortho- ; base -regul- -ambul-, -gress- standing still comb stasi-, -stasis, stepdaughter base privign- -stat, stato- stepfather base vitric- staphylococcus comb staphylo- stepmother base noverc- star comb aster-1, astro-, -sidere, stepson base privign- sidero-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com2, stelli- sternum comb sterno- starch comb amyl(o)- stick comb scop(i)-; base carph-, starfish base asteroid-, echinoderm- ramul-, -sarment-, surcul-, vir- starling base psar-2, sturn- gul- start base inaug-, incip-, init- sticky base agglut-, ixo-, visc(o)-. starting to be suf-esce, -escence, See glue -escent stiff comb ancylo-, ankylo-, tetano- state of suf -able, -acity, -acy, -age, still base eremo-, hesy- -ance, -ancy, -ant, -asis, -asm, stimulating comb excito- ; base stig- -ate, -atile, -ation, -cy, -dom, sting comb cnido-, mastigo- ; base -ence, -ency, -ent, -ery, -esis, -ful, -piq-, -urtic- -hood, -iasis, -ice1, -ility, -ion, stirrup base stap- -ism, -ity, -ling, -ma, -ment, stitch base rhaps-, sutil- -mony, -ness, -or, -osis, -otic, stomach comb gastero-, -gastria, -red, -ship, -sion, -th, -tion, gastro-; -opening: comb pyloro-. -tude, -ture, -ty, -ure, -y See belly stationary comb stasi-, -stasis, -stat, stone comb -lith(o), pesso-, petri-, stato- ; base stabil- petro-, psepho-, sax(i)-; base statue base agalma- -lapid-, -rup-; s«/-lite; -using status su/-ship stage: comb -lithic stay remain: base contin-, dur-, stooping comb kypho-, scolio perpet-; delay: comb brady-; base stop comb stasi-, -stasis, -stat; base -cunct-, imped-, -mora-, -tard- fin-, termin- stopper • sun 166 FINDER stopper comb emboli-, embolo- study base disc-, -math, soph- stork base ciconi-, grallator-, stuff up base -byon- pellarg- stupid base hebet-, obtus-, -tard- storm base orag-, procell- stupor comb carot-, narco- story comb mytho- sturgeon base acipenser-, sturi(m)- straight comb ithy-, ortho-, recti- stutter base balbut-, blesi-, -psell- strain comb -piesis, piezo-; base styloid comb stylo- col-2, colar-, colat-, -tens- suberic acid comb subero- strange(r) comb perisso-, xeno- ; subjectto suf-ize base -ali-, peregrin- submissive base moriger- strap base himant-, -ligul-, lora- subordinate pre sub-, under- stratum comb strati-, strato-. See subsequent to pre cis-. See follow¬ layer ing straw comb carpho-, culmi-, festuc-, substance comb -ousia, -ousian stramin- substitute pre pro-1; sw/-ette strawberry base fragar- succeed base -cap-, -cep-, -cip- stream comb fluvio-; base -potam-, succinct base brev-. See short rheum-, -rip- suck comb -suge; base -haur-, strength comb dyna-, dynamo-, -haust-, -myz- mega-, mégalo-, -megaly, sudden base subit-. See quickness -sthenia, stheno-; base -fore-, suffering comb -path, -pathic, -fort-, -poten-, robor-; -to do or patho-, -pathy. See pain be:www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com sw/-bility sugar comb gluco-, glycero-, glyco-, strenuous pre dys- ; comb -bar, levul-, saccharo-, sucr- bary-, mogi-; base ardu-, stren- suggestive of pre para-, quasi-; stretch comb -tend, teno-, tensio-, comb homeo-, homoio-, homolo-, tono- iso-, -phane, -phanic; base simil-; stricture comb isch-, koly-, -penia, swf-acean, -aceous, -al, -an, -ar, rhopo-, -strain, -strict; base -ary, -ean, -en, -eous, -esque, -ful, angust-, -string-; suf-en -ic, -il, -ile-, -ine, -ing, -ish, strife base eris- -itious, -ize, -like, -ode, -oid, -ose, 1 strike comb plessi-, -cuss-; base -osity, -some, -tious, -ular, -y -cop-, -crot-, plang-, -puis-, -tus-, suitable for base concinn-; sw/-il, -vapul-, -verber- -ile, -like, -ly string base linon- sulfate comb sulfato- stripped comb gymno-, nudi-, sulfur comb sulfo-, sulfureo-, psilo- sulpho-, thia-, thio- stroke comb -plexia summit base coryph- strong comb -proof, dur(o)-; base summon base appell-, -claim, -fore-, -fort-. See strength -clam-, -diet-, -nom-, -voc-; struggle comb macho-, -machy; ~upon: base -prec- base agon- sumptuous base dapat- stubborn base contum-, obstin-, sun comb helio-, sol-; -bathing: pervic-, proterv- apricat-; -shade: comb umbelli-, studded comb clavato- umbello-, umbraculi- FINDER 167 superior • tale superior pre pre-, super-; comb swallow bird: base chelid-, hirund-, over- -sturn-; ingest: comb -phage, superlatives suf-est, -most phago-, -phagous, -phagy; base supplement pre a-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, -glut- al-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, co-, swamp base palud-, palus- extra-, para-, super-, syn; comb swan base cycn-, cygn- inter-. See more sway base nuta-, -vacil- supporting pre pro-; comb -pher; sweat comb sudori-; base -hidr-, base patroc-; ~part: comb -suda- -podium, scapi-; base paxill-, sweet comb mell(i)-; base -dulc-, sterigm-, -stip-1. See carrying -hedy-, suav- suppress base fin-, termin- swelling comb -cele, -edema, gan- suppurative comb pyo-. See putre¬ glio-, phlogo-, phym-, -phyma, fying physa-, physo-, strum(i)-; base supreme comb arch-, archi-, proto- ; aug-, cresc-, physc-, strum-, base -prim-, -princip- -turn-, -turg-; sw/-itis surf comb cuma- swift bird: base cypsel- ; fast: comb surfaces comb -hedral, -hedron, ocy-, tacho-, tachy-; base -celer-, topo-, -topy veloc- surfeit base ampl-, copi-, larg- swim comb necto- ; base -nata- surgeon base chirur-, medic- swine base porcin-, sui- surgical operation comb -ectomy, Swiss base Helvet- -pexywww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, -stomy, tomo-, -tomous, sword(like) comb ensi-, gladi-, -tomy machaero-, xiphi-, xipho- surly base acerb-, moros- swordfish base xiphi- surpassing pre ex-, extra-, meta-, symbol comb sema-, -seme, semeio-, over-, para-, pre-, prêter-, super-, semio- supra-, sur-, ultra¬ symmetry comb pari- ; base surplus base ampl-, copi-, larg- concinn-, congru-, symmetr- surrounding pre be-, circum-, peri- ; synchronized comb synchro- comb amphi-, ampho-; base syphilis comb -luetic -zon-, -cing-, -cinct- Syrian comb Syro- suture comb -(r)rhaphy system suf-ics

tablet base pinac-, tabell- take hold of comb -tain; base -capt-, tacit comb hesy- ; base -tacit- -cathex-, -ger-, -hapt-, -prehend, tail comb caudo-, -cerca, -cereal, prehens-, rap-, rep-, -ten- cerco-, uro-1 taker comb -ceptor tailor base sartor- tale base -fabul-, mytho-, -narr-, take base -cap(t)-, -cep1-, -empt- stori- talented • terrified 168 FINDER talented base ingen- -esis, -îasis, -ice, -ICS, -ing, -ion, talk(ing) comb -claim, glosso-, -ism, -ment, -osis, -otic, -sion, -lalia, lalo-, -lexia, lexico-, -lexis, -sis, -th, -tion, -tious, -ture, -ure, -lexy, logo-, -logue, -logy, -phone, -y, -ysis phono-, -phony, verbi-, verbo-, teeth see tooth voc-, voci-, -voke; base -clam-, television comb tele-, video- -diet-, garrul-, -loc(u)-, -loqu-, tell comb -claim, logo-, -logue, -orat-, -phem-, rhet- ; filthy~: -lalia, -lexia, lexico-, -lexis, -lexy, borbor-. Also see speak/speech -logy, -phone, phono-, -phony, tallness comb aero-, alti-, alto-, rhet-, verbi-, verbo-, voc-, voci-, bato-, hypsi-, hypso-, longi-; base -voke; base -clam-, -diet-, procer- -loc(u)-, -loqu-, narr-, -orat-, tallow comb seb(o)- -phat-, -phem- talon base ungui-, ungul- temperament comb -natured tame base cicur-, mansue- temple head: comb temporo-; tan base fulv-. Also see "Colors" in church: comb aedi-; base -nao- Part III temporal base -secul- tapered base fastig- ten comb dec(a)-, decem-, deka-; tapeworm comb taeni-, teni one tenth: comb deci- ; ten and ; tapir base pachyderm- sw/-teen; -thousand: myria-; tarantula base theraphos- x times ten: suf-ty2. Also see tardy comb brady- ; base -cunct-, "Numbers" in Part III -tard-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com. See late ten thousand comb myria-, myrio- tarsier base lemur- tending to pre pro- ; comb -phile, tartar comb tartro- -philia, -philiac, -trope, -tropic; tasseled base crosso-, -thysan- su/-able, -ative, -ish, -istic, -isti- taste comb -geusia; base -geum-, cal, -ive, -like, -some2, -orial, -geumat-, -gust-, -sapor-. Also see -ulous, -y1 "The Senses" in Part III tendon comb tendo-, teno-, tattoo base stigm- tenonto- taurine comb tauro- tendril comb cirr(h)i-, cirr(h)o-, tavern base caupon- pampin- tawny base melin-, mustel- tennis base sphair- tea base -thei- tension comb tasi-, taso-, -tonia, teach comb -pedia; base -didact-, -tonic, tono- doc-, -paed- tentacles comb actino-, tentaculi- ; tear rip: comb sparasso- ; base lacer-, base brach-, cornic-, flagell- -lania-, sparax- ; cry: comb tentative base ambig-, ancip-, apor-, dacry(o)-, lachrim-, lachrym-, dub-, vagu- lacrimo- ; base fleb-, flet-, -plor- terminate comb stasi-, -stasis, -stat; tease comb tantalo- ; base vex- base fin-, termin- technical comb techno¬ termite base isoptero-, termit- technique comb -craft; sw/-ade, tern base stern- -age, -al, -ance, -ancy, -asis, -asm, terrified base -pavid-, -tim-, trepid-. -ation, -cy, -ence, -ency, -ery, See fear FINDER 169 terrifying • tie terrifying comb dino-1 -sophy; base -cogit-, -cogn-, epis- territory suf -land tem-, -heur-, ment2-, -noe-, -put-, testicle comb didym(o)-, orchido-2, ratio-, -sci-; insane~: comb lysso-, orchio-, oscheo- ; base -scrot- -mania; base ament-, dement- testing comb -opsy, -scope, -scopic, thousand comb chili-, kilo-; -th: scopo-, -scopy; base -(in)quir-, milli- -(in)quis-, -scrut- thread(like) comb filamento-, fili-, testy base acerb-, mord- filio-, filo-, mit2-, nemato- ; base tetanus comb tetano- -nema-, sterna- thalamus comb thalamo- threat base min- thallium comb thallo- three comb ter-, tri-, triakis-, thankful base grat- triplo-, trito- ; base -tern-, -tert- ; the pre ai-2 -dimensional: comb stereo- ; theater comb theatro- -fourths: triquadr- ; -hundred: theory sw/-ism, -logy trecent-. Also see "Numbers" in thermoelectric comb thermo- Part III thick comb cespitoso-, dasy-, threshing base trit- hadro-, pachy-, pycno-, pykno-, threshold base -limin-, marg-, visc(o)-; base -crass-, -spiss- propinq-, prox- thief comb clepto-, klepto-, lesto-; thrift base frug-2, pars- base -furt-, harpax-, ladron-, throat comb gutturo-, laryngo-, latr(o) pharyngo-, -throated, tracheo- ; 2 thigh www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comcomb mero- base fauc-, jug- thin comb angusti-, dolicho-, lepto-, through pre cata-, cath-, dia-, per-, maci-, mano-, stegno-, steno-, trans- tenu-; base -areo-2, gracil-, throughout pre ana- ; comb -wide -isthm-, stal-, -strict- throw comb -bole, -bolic, bolo-1, thing that is swf-ance, -ee, -er, -boly; base -ballist-, -jact-, -jac- -tion, -tious ula-, -ject- think see thought thrush base -musicap-, -turd-, third base -tert-, trient-, trito- cichlo- thirst comb dipso-; base siti-. See thrust base -pel-, -pul-, -trude-, dry -trus- thirteen base tredecim-, triskai- thumb base pollic- deka- thunder comb bronte-, bronto-, thirty base triaconta-, triceni-, cerauno-, kerauno-; base fulmin-, triges-, trigint- tonitr- thong base lor-. See strap thymus comb thymo- thorax comb thoracico-, thoraco- thyroid comb -thyrea, thyreo- ; thorny comb acantho-, echino-, -gland: comb thyro- rhamn-, spiculi-, spiculo-, spini-; tibia comb tibio- ; base -cnem- base -murk-, -urtic- tick base acar-, ixod- thought comb -gnomy, -gnosia, tickle comb titillo- -gnosis, -gnostic, gnoto-, ideo-, tide base aestu-, estu- -noia, -nomy, phreno-, psycho-, tie comb sphingo-, -strain, -strict, tiger • tour 170 FINDER

syndesmo- ; base -liga-, -merinth-, toe comb dactyl(o)-, -dactylous, -string-, -vine-. See restriction -dactyly, digiti- ; base halluc- tiger base tigr- together pre co-1, inter-, syl-, sym-, tightening comb isch-, koly-, syn-, sys-; comb allelo-, hama-, -penia, -strain, -strict; base - symphyo-, synchro-; base -mutu-, string-; suf-en. See constric¬ -simul- tion toil base aerumn-. See difficult and tile base imbricato-, tegul- work tillage comb -culture tomb comb -taph, tapho-; base tilting comb -clinal, -clinate, -cline, sepulc- -clinic, clino-, -clisis, lechrio-, tomorrow base crastin- loxo-, plagio-; base -cliv- tone comb tonia-, -phone, phono-, time comb back-, chrono-, horo-, -phony; base son- yester- ; base -tempor- ; ~period: tongue comb -glossia, glosso-, -glot, pre eo-; comb aev-, -cene, paleo-, lamino-, lingu(o)-; base -ligul-; protero-. Also see "Time" in Part -kissing: cataglott- III tonsil com b tonsillo- timid base pav-, trep-, verecund- tooth comb dentato-, denti-, dento-, tin base cassiter-, stann- dont-, -odont(o), -odus, tiny comb brachisto-, brachy-, -toothed; canine-: laniar- ; -dis¬ brevi-, chamae-, micro-, mini-, ease: comb cario-; lacking-: base nano-, parvi-, parvo-, pauci-, edent-, coryph- ; wisdom-: base www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comsteno-; base -curt-, exig-; sw/-cle, cranter- -cule, -een, -el, -ella, -en, -et, top crest: comb cory-, coryph-, -ette, -idion, -idium, -ie, -ilia, stromboli-; base cacum-, culm-; -illo, -isk, -kin, -le, -let, -ling, -shaped: comb turbinato- -ock, -ola, -ole, -rel, -ula, ule, topical comb topo-, -topy -ulum, -ulus, -y torch base lampad-, lychn- tip comb -apical, apico- ; base cacu- tornado base -lilaps- men- tortoise base -chelon-, emydo-, tes- tired comb pono- ; base -fatig-, tud-. See turtle kopo-, -lass- totally pre be-, cata-, cath-, de-, tissue comb fascio-, histio-, histo-, kata-, ob-, per-; comb holo-, -sarc, sarco-; dead-: necro- omni-, pan-, panto-, stone-, toti- titan comb titano-1 totter base -lab- titanium comb titano-2 touch comb aphe-, -aphia, -apsia, titmouse base par-2 hapto-1, sensori-, thigmo-; base to pre a-, ac-1, ad-1, af-, ag-, al-1, an- -palp-, -sent-, -tact-, -tang-. Also 2, ap-, ar-1, as-1, at-, il-, im-, in-, see "The Senses" in Part III ir-, ob-; comb -bound; base pros-; toughness comb dyna-, dynamo-, suf-âd, -ly, -ward, -ways, -wise; mega-, mégalo-, -megaly, -sthe- -the other side: pre trans- nia, stheno- ; base -fore-, -fort-, toad comb batracho-, bufo-, -poten-, robor- phryno- tour comb hodo-, -ode, odo-, via-; today base hodie- base -itin-, peregrin- FINDER 171 toward • tube toward pre a-, ac-1, ad-1, af-, ag-, al-1, -phore, -phorous; base -port-, an-2, ap-, ar-1, as-1, at-, il-, im-, -vect- in-, ir-, ob-; comb -bound, -petal; transverse comb cross- base pros-; swf-ad3, -ly, -ward, trap comb -thera -ways, -wise trapezoid comb trapezi- tower base pyrgo-, turri- travel comb hodo-, dromo-, odo- ; town comb -burg(h), -ton, -ville; base -itiner-, -peregrin-, -via-. See base urb- wander toxic comb tox(i), toxico-, -toxin, tray base hypocrater- toxo-, veneno- treat with suf -ate, -ize trace comb ichno-; base indag-, treatment comb -iatrics, iatro-, vestig- -iatry; base -com- trachea comb tracheo- tree(like) comb dendri-, dendro-, track comb ichno- -dendron, silvi-, xylo-; base trade base empor-, mere-, nundin-; -arbor-. See woods -names: co-2 tremble comb tremo- ; base pav-, train comb siderodromo- trep- ; earth-: tromo- trait swf-able, -acity, -acy, -age, trepidation comb -phobe, -phobia, -ance, -ancy, -ant, -asis, -asm, -phobic, phobo-; base pavid-, -ate, -atile, -ation, -cy, -dom, tim(or)-, -trem-, -trep-. Also see -eity, -ence, -ency, -ent, -ery, "Fear" in Part III -esis, -ful, -hood, -iasis, -ice, triangular comb delta-, triangulato-, -ilitywww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, -ion, -ise, -ism, -ity, -ling, trigono- -ma, -ment, -ness, -or, -osis, tribe comb phylo- -otic, -red, -ship, -sion, -th, -tion, trifling base -nuga- -tude, -ture, -ty, -ure, -y trillion comb tera- ; -th: pico- traitor base prodit- trilobytes comb -paria tranquility base -eiren-, -iren-, trip comb hodo-, -ode, odo-; -pac-, -pax- base -itiner-, -peregrin-, transcending pre trans- -via- transfer carry: comb -fer, -ferous, triple comb triplicato-, triplo-; -gerous, -parous, -pher, -phore, base -ter(n)- -phorous; base -port-, -vect-; trouble base aerumn-. See grief change: base camb-, -fabr-, -fee-, trout base -trocto-, trutt- -mut-, -vari-, -vert-; sw/-ate, en, truffle comb hydno- -fy, -ize, -otic trumpet base buccin- transgression comb enisso-, enosio- ; trunk comb cormo-. See stem base -rculp-, hamart-, -pecca- trust base -cred-. See belief transitory base caduc- truth base aleth-, -ver- transmission comb -cast try base conat-, peir- transparent comb diaphano-, tube comb aulo-, follic-, salpingo-, hyalo-, -phane siphoni-, siphono-, soleno-, tubi-, transplant base chim- tubo-, tubuli-, tubulo-, vasi-; base transport comb -fer, -ferous, fistul-, -syr-; -shaped: comb -gerous, -parous, -pher, syringo- tuberculosis • unclean 172 FINDER tuberculosis comb tuberculo- ; base twice pre bi-, di-1; -per time phthisi-, phthisio-, -phthisis period: pre semi- tufts comb cespitoso- ; base carph-, twigs comb scop(i)-; base carph-, crin-, crist-, flocc- ramul-, -sarment-, surcul-, tumor comb -cele, onco-, phym-, virgul- -phyma, struma-; s«/-oma twilight base -crépus-, -lyg- tumult base -agit-, -tumult-, twin(s) comb diplo-, zygo-; base -turb- -didym-, gemelli-, gemin-; con¬ tunnel base cunicul- joined-: Comb -pagia, -pagiis. See turbine comb turbo- two turbot base psett-, scophthalm- twisted comb contorto-, gyro-, turkey base gallinac-, meleagr- helico-, pleco-, plecto-, spiro-, Turkey comb Turco-, Turko- strepho-, strepsi-, strepto-; base turn comb gyro-, helico-, roti-, -strob-, -stromb-, -stroph-, -tors-, strepho-, strepsi-, strepto-, -tort- stroph(i)-, trepo-, -verge, vortici-; twitching comb -chorea, choreo-, base -vers-, -vert-, -volut-, -volv-; -clonic, -clonus, -esmus, -ismus, ~towards or away: comb -trope, spasmo- ; base -stal-, -vellic- -tropic, -tropism, tropo-, two pre bi-, bin-, bis-, di-, du-; -tropous, -tropy comb ambi-, ambo-, amphi-, turnabout comb allo- ; base -vers-, ampho-, deutero-, deuto-, dicho-, -vert- diphy-, diplo-, disso-, double-, turniwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comp base napi- duo-, duplicato-, duplici-, dyo-, turpentine base terebinth- gemelli-, twi-, zygo-; base turtle comb chelo(n)-; base -anaps-, -didym-, gemin-; -colored: comb chelys-, -testud-, -turtura-. See dichro- ; -hundred: base ducen- ; tortoise -wings: comb diptero-. Also see twelve comb dodeca-, duodec-, "Numbers" in Part III duodecim-, duoden- tympanic comb myringo- twenty comb eico-, icosa-, icosi-, type comb -type, typo- viginti- ; base vicesim- ; ~four: typhoid comb typho- icositetra-

U ulcer comb helco- unceasing base assid-, contin-, ulna com b cubito-, ulno- incess-, perpet- umbilicus comb omphalo- uncertain base ambig-, ancip-, umbrella comb umbell(i)-, umbrae - apor-, dub-, vagu- uli-, umbrelli- unde base -avunc-, patru- unaffectedby suf -proof unclean comb blenno-, -chezia, unalterable base immut- copro-, fim(i)-, kopro-, myso-, FINDER 173 unconscious • urine

-myxia, myxo-, paedo-, pedo-, back-, counter-, enantio-, scato-, spatilo-, spurc-, stegno-, oppositi- stereo-; base -fecu-, molys-, unlit comb ambly-, melan(o)-, rhypar-, rhypo- nycto-, scoto-; base -achlu-, unconscious base -stup- amaur-, fuse-, lyg-, obscur-, under pre hypo-, infra-, sub-, sub- tertebr- ter- ; comb infero-, under- ; base unprofitable base mataeo- cunicul- ; ~ world: infer n- unquenchable base avid-, edac-, understanding comb -gnomy, gulos- -gnosia, -gnosis, -gnostic; base unreasonable base alogo- -crit-, -judic-, -soph- unsatisfactory pre hypo-, sub-, undertaking pre entre- under-; comb hystero-; base undeveloped comb -atelia, atelo-. hesson- ; suf -aster See immature unsaturated acid comb -enoic undiscerning base hebet-, obtus-, unspecified base ambig, dub-, -tard- ancip- undivided base integ-, tot- untrustworthy base apat-, dolero-, undo pre de- ludif- undulation comb flexuoso- ; base unusual comb aetheo-, anom(o)-, -sinu-. See wave anomalo-. See irregular uneasy base agit-, mov-, trepid-, unwell pre dys-, mal-; comb noso-, turb- -path, -pathic, patho-, -pathy; unequawww.IELTS4U.blogfa.coml comb aniso-, inequi-, base aegr-, -morb-, -pecca-, impari-, perisso- valetud- uneven comb anomalo-, anomo-, up pre ana-, ano- ; comb super-, perisso-, poikilo-, sinuato-, sinu- supra-; -to:pre epi- oso- ; base salebr- upheaval base -agit-, -tumult-, unfinished pre demi-, hemi-, semi-; -turb- base -atelia, atelo-; su/-esce, upon pre ana-, epi-, ob-, super-, -escence, -escent sur- unguent base -aliph-, unct- upper side comb supero- unhappy comb lype-; base dolor-, upright comb ortho-, prob-, recti- flebT, flet, luct-, -trist- uproar base crépit-, frem-, ligyr-, unimportant base -nuga- strep(i)-, strid-, stridul-. See union comb -ergasia, gameto-, sound gamo-, -gamous,-gamy; base upward pre ano-1, ex- -greg-, -junct-, -soc- uranium comb uranoso- unit comb -mer(e), mero- urea comb ure(a)- unite pre co- ; comb conjugato-, ureter comb uretero-, urethro- -ergasia, gameto-, gamo-, hapto-, urge base horm-, -hort-, -suade, junct-; base aps-, apt-, -greg-, -suas- -soc-; su/-ate, -izè uric acid comb uri-, urico- universe comb -cosm, cosmo- urine/urinary tract comb ouro-, unlike pre anti-, contra-, contre-, ure(a)-, ureo-, uretero-, -uretic, dis-, hetero-, ob-, un-; comb urini-, urino-, uro-2, -ury; base urn • vestibule 174 FINDER

-mict-, -ming-; diseased condi¬ uterus comb hyster(o)-1, metra-, tion of-: comb -uria metro-, utero- urn comb urcei-, urceo- utter comb -claim, logo-, -logue, usage base mor-1 -lalia, -lexia, lexico-, -lexis, -lexy, used for doing comb -chresis; suf-\e -logy, -phone, phono-, -phony, useful comb chreo-, chresto- ; base rhet-, verbi-, verbo-, voc-, voci-, -util- -voke; base -clam-, -diet-, useless base futil-, inutil-, mataeo- -loc(u)-, -loqu-, narr-, -orat-, usual comb normo- -phat-, -phem- utensil base skeuo- uvula comb staphylo-, uvulo-

V vacant comb ceno-, keno-; base vegetation comb botano-, herbi-, -erem-, (ex)haur-, inan-, -vac(u)- -phyte, phyto- ; base veget- ; suf vaccine comb vaccino- -aceae, -ad, -ales, -eae, -ia vagina comb colp(o)-, elytr(o)-, vehicle comb amaxo-, -mobile; base kolpo-, vagini-, vagino-. See vulva -ocho-1 vague base ambig, dub-, ancip- veiled pre sub-; comb calypto-, vagus nerve comb vago- crypto- ; base occult- vaiwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comn comb mataeo- vein comb cirso-, phlebo-, vene-, valence comb -valent; lower-: suf veni-, veno-, venoso-, -venous; -ous enlarged-: comb varici-, varico- validating comb -deictic velvet base velut- values comb axio-2 ventral comb abdomino-, celio-, valve comb valvi-, valvulo- laparo-, ventro- vampire base vespertil- ventricle comb ventriculo- vanishing base marc- veracity base aleth-, -ver- vanquish base vict-, -vine- verdegris base aerug- vapor comb atmo-, -capnia, capno-, verge base marg-, propinq-, prox- vapo-, vapori-; base halit-, vermin base pesti-, vermin- -nebul- versatile base agil-, facil-, ingen- variation comb allo-, anomalo-, verse comb rhapso-, -stichia, sticho-, anomo-, poikilo-; base -mut-. See -stichous change vertebra comb spondylo-, vertebro-; vas deferens comb vaso- top-: comb atlanto-, atlo- vase comb urcei- vertigo base illyngo- vast comb bronto-, dino-, giganto-, verve base ard-, alacr-, -ferv-, zelo- mega-, mégalo-, -megaly very pre per-; comb stone- vault base fornic- vesicle comb vesiculi-, vesiculo- veal base vitul- vessel comb angio-, vasculo-, vasi-, vegetable comb vegeti-, vegeto-; vaso-; serving-: base skeuo- base lachan-, oler-, olit- vestibule comb vestibulo- FINDER 175 viands • vulva viands comb bromato-, -brotic, -schem-, -spec-, -spic- manduc-, opso-, -phage, phago-, vision comb eid(o)-, oculo-, ommat-, -phagous, -phagy, -sitia, sitio-, -opia, opsi-, -opsia, -opsis, opso-, sito-, -troph, -trophic, tropho-, -opsy, ophthalmo-, optico-, opto-, -trophy, -vora, -vore, -vorous; -scope, -scopic, scopo-, base -alim-, -cib-, escul-, -gust-, -scopy, visuo-; base -blep-, -nutr- ; partially digested*: -scrut-, -spec-, -spic-, -vid- chymo- vitality comb bio-, -biosis, vita-, vibration comb pallo-, tremo-, vibro- vivi-, zoo-, -zoic, -zooid; base vice comb enisso-, enosio-; base -anim- -culp-, hamart-, -pecca- vitiated comb lysi-, lyso-, -lysis, vicious base flagit-,iniq- , perdit-, -lyte, phthysio-, -phthysis, putre-, -prav-, turp- putri-, pytho-, sapro-, septi-2, victory base nic- septico-, septo-1; base -marces-, view, a comb -scape -putr-, tabe-; suf-a.se view, to comb eid(o)-, oculo-, vitriol comb vitriolico- ommat-, -opia, opsi-, -opsia, vocabulary comb glosso-, -glot, -opsis, opso-, -opsy, ophthalmo-, -lexia, lexico-, -lexis, -lexy, logo-, optico-, opto-, -scope, -scopic, -logue, -logy, verbo-; base -lingu-, scopo-, -scopy, visuo- ; base -blep-, -locu-, -loqu-, rhema- -scrut-, -spec-,-spic-, -vid- voice comb -claim, logo-, -logue, village comb -burg(h), -ton ,-ville -lalia, -lexia, lexico-, -lexis, -lexy, villainouwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.coms pre dys-, mis-; comb -logy, -phone, phono-, -phony, caco-, enisso-, enosio-, kak-, -phthong, rhet-, verbi-, verbo-, kako-, mal-, male-, ponero-; base voc-, voci-, -voke; base -clam-, culp-, facin-, flagit-, hamart-, -diet-, -loc(u)-, -loqu-, -orat-, iniq-, nefar-, pecca-, perdit-, -phat-, -phem- -prav-, sceler-, scelest-, turp- void comb ceno-, keno-; base vine comb clem-1, viti-; base -erem-, (ex)haur-, inan-, -vac(u)- -ampel-, pampin- voltaic comb volta- vinegar comb acet(o)-, acetyl-, acid-, voluminous base ampl-, copi-, magn- keto- ; See sharp voluntary comb ultro-. See free violate base temerat- vomit comb -emesis, -emetic, emeto- 1 violet comb indo- ; base ianth-, voracious base avid-, edac-, gulos- -viol-. Also see "Colors" in Part III vortex comb vortici- viper comb echidno- vote base suffrag- virgin comb partheno- voyage base -curs-, itiner-, -navig-, virtuous pre bene-, eu-; base agath-, peregrin-, via- bon-, prob- vulgar obscene: base aischro-, bor- virus comb genus: -virus; family: bor-, copro-, fescinn-; ordinary: -viridae; subfamily: -virinae comb demo-; base -pleb-, -popul- viscera comb splanchno-, viscero- vulture base -vultur- visible comb lampro-, lue-, luci-, vulva comb episio-, vulvi-, vulvo-. -phane, phanero-, -phanic, See vagina -phany, pheno-; base -clar-, wading bird • wheedle 176 FINDER

W wading bird base grallator- cymo-, -enchyma, flexuoso-, gy- wagon base plaustr- (plaustrary) roso-, kymo-, sinuato-, sinuoso-; wail base plang-, -plor-, -ulul-1 base -fluct-, -unda-, -undul- wait comb brady- ; base -cunct-, wax comb cero-, cerumini- imped-, -mora-, -tard- way comb hodo-, -ode1, odo-, via-; walk comb -basia, bato-, -grade; base -itin- base -ambul-, -gress- weakness physical: comb astheno-, wall comb parieto-, -phragma, -atrophia, lepto-, -plegia, -plegy; septo-; base herco-, -mur-2, base -debil-, dimin-, enerv-, flacc-, teicho-, ticho-, vall- labe- ; spiritual: base culp-, walnut base juglan- delinq-, laps-, -pecca-, sphal- walrus base oben- wealth comb chryso-, pluto-; base wand comb rhabdo- chrem-, -opul-, pecun- wander comb -plania, piano-2; base weapon comb hoplo- err-, -peregrin-, -vag(r)-. See weary comb pono-; base -fatig-, travel kopo-, lass- wanting pre hypo-, sub-, under-; weasel base arctoid-, gale-1, -mustel- comb hystero- ; base hesson- ; suf weave base tex- -aster web comb hypho- wantowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comn base meretric-, scort- wed comb gameto, gamo-, -gamous, war base arm-, -bell-, milit-, -gamy; base conjug-, marit-, polem- -nub-, -nupt- warbler base vermivor- wedge-shaped com b spheno-; base ward off base alexi-, alexo- cuneo- warmth comb cal(e)-, calo-, weed base rune- calor(i)-, pyro-, -therm, thermo-, week base -hebdom- thermy; base aest-, caum-, ferv- weep base dacryo-, fleb-, filet-, warn base -mon- lachrim-, lachrym-, plor- wart base verruci- weevil base curculion- wash comb balneo- ; base ablut-, weight comb -bar, baro-, bary-, cathar-, -lav-, -mund-2, -purg- gravi- ; base obes-, -pond- wasp comb vespi- ; base sphec-, well condition: pre bene-, eu- ; base sphek- -san-,-salub- ; water: comb wasting away comb phthino-, phreato-, putea- phthisio-, -phthisis; base tab- west base hesper-, -occid-, zephyr-. watchman base excub-, custod-, See direction vigil- wet comb hydro-, hygro-, udo-; water comb aqua-, aque-, aqui-, base humect-, madefac-, -rig-. See hydro-, hyeto-, hygro- ; base -rip- water waterless comb carpho-, xero- ; base whale base -balaen-, cet(o)- arid-, celo-, cherso-, -sicc- wheat base silig-, tritic- wave comb cuma-, cyma-, cymato-, wheedle base leno- FINDER 177 wheel • woman wheel comb cyclo-, roti-, trochalo-, windpipe comb bronch(i)-, bron- trochi-, trocho-, -wheeler. See cir¬ chio-, broncho-, laryngo-, cle tracheo- where base -ubi-. See location wine comb oeno-, oino-, vini-, whip(like) comb flagello-, mastigo-; vino-, viti- base lora- wing comb ala-, ali-1, pteno-, -pter, whirl comb dino-2, vortici- pterido-, pterigo-, ptero-, -pter- whirlpool base vorag- ous, pterygo-, pteryl-, ptib-, ptilo-; whisper base psithur-, susurr- having two-: comb diptero- ; whistle base sibil- -case: elytri- white comb leuco-, leuko- ; base wink base conniv-, nict- -alb-, alut-, -cand-, ceruss-, ebur-, winter base brum-1, cheima-, -lac-, -niv-. Also see "Colors" in hibern-, hiema- Part III wipe out comb lysi-, lyso-, -lysis, whole pre be-, cata-, de-, kata-, ob-, -lytic, -lyze, -phage, phago-, per-; comb holo-, omni-, pan-, -phagous, -phagy; base -ate-4, panto-, stone-, toti- ; base integr- perd-, phthart-, -vast- whore comb cypriano-, hetaero-, wisdom base -jud-, sapient-, -soph- porno- ; base -meretric-, scort- ; wish base desid-, -opt-1, -veil-, -vol- brothel: lupan- witchcraft base -venefic- wicked(ness) pre dys-, mis- ; comb with pre co-, inter-, para-, syl-, caco-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, enisso-, enosio-, kak-, sym-, syn-, sys- ; comb allelo-, kako-, mal-, male-, ponero-; base hama-, symphyo-, synchro- ; base culp-, faciri-, flagit-, hamart-, -mutu- iniq-, nefar-, pecca-, perdit-, withdraw leave: base relinq- ; -prav-, sceler-, scelest-, turp- remove: pre ab-, abs-, apo-, be-, wicker base vimin- de-, des-, di-, dia-, dif-, dis-, e-, wide comb eury-, lati-, platy- ; base ec-, ef-, ex-, for-, off-, se, with-; ampl- comb ectro- widow base -vidu- wither base marces-, marcid- wife comb uxori- ; base conjug-, within pre eis-, em-, en-1, il-, im-, marit- in-1, ir-; comb endo-, ento-, eso-, wild base agrio- intero-, intra-, intro- ; from-: wild animal comb -there, therio-, comb entostho- thero- ; base -fer- without missing: pre a-, an-, dis-, will comb -bulia, ultro- ; base -vol- ex-, in- ; comb lipo- ; base priv- ; willow base itea-, salic- sw/-less; outside: pre epi, exo-, win base vict-, -vine- extra-, para-, prêter; comb ecto-, wind comb anemo- ; base -flat-, extero-, out- -vent-; north~: base -borea-; woe comb lype-; base dolor-, fleb-, south-: comb austro- ; west-: flet-, luct-, trist- comb zephyro- ; base favon- wolf comb lyco- ; base -lup- winding comb flexuoso- ; base wolverine base -mustel- -sinu- woman comb gyn(e)-, gyneco-, window base -fenestr- gyneo-, gyno-, -gynous, -gyny, womb • yawn 178 FINDER

-para3, thely-, -wife; base -femin-, base -util- muliebr-; suf-en, -enne, -ess, world comb -cosm, cosmo-, -gaea; -ette, -ice, -ine, -stress, -trice, base mund-1, secul-, -tellur-, -trix; old-: grao- -terr- womb comb hyster(o)-1, metra-, worm comb ascari-, filari-, metro-, utero- helminth(o)-, nemato-, scoleci-, wombat base phascolom- scoleco-, taeni-, vermi-; base wonder comb thaumato-; base lumbric-, oxyur-, tered-, tinea- -mir- worry base vex- wood comb erio-, hyle-, hylo-, worse pre sub-; base degen-, pejor- ligni-, ligno-, xylo-, -xylous, ylo- worship comb -latry; base cult-, woodcock base -charadr-, gallinag-, vener-2, -venerat- ; one who-: scolopac- comb -later woodlouse base -onisc- worthlessness base futil-, inutil-, woodpecker base -pici- mataeo-, -nuga-, -vili- ; suf -aster2 woods base nemo(r)-, saltu-, silv-. worthy of being suf -able, axio- ; See forest base -dign- wool comb lani- ; base -flocc-, -lana-, wound comb helco-, traumato-; mallo-, -ulo-3; wooly: comb dasy- base sauciat-, -vuln- words comb -glossia, glosso-, -glot, wrapping base involver- -lexia, -lexis, lexico-, -lexy, wren base troglodyt- lingu(o)-, logo-, -logue, -logy, wrestling base luct-2 phraseo-www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, -phrastic, verbi-, verbo- ; wrinkle comb corrugato-, rhyti-; base -lex-, -locu-, -loqu-, rhema-, base -crisp-, -rug- vocab-; suf-ese; long-: base wrist comb carpo-2 sesquipedal-; -unit: suf-erne write comb -gram, -graph, -gra- work comb arti-, -craft, -ergasia, pher, -graphic, grapho-, -graphy, ergasio-, -ergics, ergo-, -ergy, grapto-, -logue; base -scrib-, organo-, -urgy; base -labor-, -script-, typo- lucubr-, oper-1, -opus-, pono-2 wrong pre dys-, mis-. See wicked workable comb chreo-, chresto- ;

X

X-rays comb radio-, roentgeno- xiphoid process comb xiphi-, X-shaped base decuss- xipho-

yam base dioscorea- yawl base nav-, scaph- yarn base fabul-, mytho-, narr-, stori- yawn base oscit- FINDER 179 year • zygoma year base -ann-, -enn- ; period of yellow comb chrys(o)-, flavido-, two-: bienn- ; period of three-: flavo-, -icter-, lurido-, luteo-, trienn- ; period of four-: qua- ochreo-, ochro-, xantho-; base drenn- ; period of five-: quin- aen-, croce-, -fulv-, gambog-, quenn- ; period of six-: sexenn- ; gilv-, -helv-, jaun-, lur-, lut-, period of seven-: septenn-; -melin-, safran-, vitell-. Also see period of eight-: octenn- ; period "Colors" in Part III offline-: novenn- ; period of yesterday base hestern-, prid- ten-: decenn-. See "Numbers" in yew base tax- Part III yield base ced-, -cess yearly base annivers- yoke comb jug-, zyga-, zygo-; base yearn for comb eroto-, -lagnia, zeug-, zeux- -mania, -orexia; base -appet-, yolk comb lecith(o)-, vitelli-, conat-, -cup-, -libid-, -opt-, veil-; vitello- suf-urient young base jun-, -juven-, nov-. See yeast base ferment-, prozym-, child zym(o)- yttrium comb yttro- yell base -clam-, vocif-

www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com zany base fatu-, inan-, moro-, stult- avid-, cupid-, ferv-, hedon-, zeal base ard-, alacr-, -ferv-, zelo- voïupt-, zelo- zebra base -zebr- zinc comb zinco- zenith comb -apical, apico- zirconium comb zirconio- zero comb nihil-, nulli-. See also zygoma comb zygomatico-, "Negatives" in Part III zygomato- zest comb agito- ; base alacr-, ard-, www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com PART III Categories

www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com Animals 182 CATEGORIES

ANIMALS aardvark edent- (edentate) (volucrine); flycatching~:musci - adder colub- (colubrine) cap- (muscicapine); hanging nest agouti dasyproct- (dasyproctidae) building-: pendulin- (penduline); albatross diomed- (diomedeidae); perching-: passer- (passerine); procellar- (procellariid) singing-: oscin- (oscine); wad¬ alligator eusuch- (eusuchian) ing-; grail- (gralline) anchovy engraul- (engraulid) bittern botaur- (botaurus); ixo- angel fish pterophyll- (pterophyl- brych- (ixobrychus) lous) black widow spider latrodect- (la- ant formic- (formicine); myrmec- trodectus) (myrmecine); myrmeco- (myme- blackbird icter- (icterine); merul- cology); myrmic- (mymicine) (meruline) anteater myrmecophag- (myrme- bluebird sial- (Sialia); turd- (tur- cophagine) dine) antelope alcelaph- (alcelaphine); boar suid- (suidian) bubal- (bubaline) bobolink icter- (icterine) ape pithec- (pithecoid); -pithecus buffalo bubal- (bubaline) (Australopithecus); sim- (simian) bug cimic- (cimicoid); entomo- armadillo dasypod- (dasypodid); (entomology); insecti- (insecti¬ tolypeutwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- (tolypeutine) cide); insecto- (insectology) ass as- (assinine); ono (onolatry) bull taur- (tauriform) auk alcid- (alcidine) bullfinch pyrrhul- (pyrrhuline) badger melin- (meline); mustel- bunting emberiz- (emberizine); (mustelid) pyrrhul- (pyrrhuloxine) barracuda percesoc- (percesocine); butterfly lepidopter- (lepidopter- sphyraen- (sphyraenoid) ous); papil- (papilionaceous) bat desmodont- (desmodontid); buzzard buteo- (buteonine); megacheiropter- (megacheiropte- cathart- (cathartine) ran); microcheiropter- (micro- calf vitul- (vituline) cheiropteran); noctilion- (noctil- camel camel- (cameline) ionid); pterop- (pteropine); cardinal pyrrhul- (pyrrhuloxine) vespertil- (vespertilian) carp cyprin- (cyprinoid) bear arcto- (cynarctomachy); urs- cassowary casuar- (casuarina) (ursine) cat aeluro- (aelurophile); ailuro- beaver castor- (castoreum) (ailurophobe); feli- (feline); gale- bee api- (apiarian); bomb- (galeanthropy); gato- (gatophobia) (bombid); melisso- (melissean) caterpillar bruch- (bruchus); beetle coleopter- (coleopteral); -camp- (campodean); eruc- (eru- scarab- (scaraboid) ciform) bird avi- (avian); orneo- (orneo- catfish silur- (silurid) scopic); orni- (ornithology); or- centipede chilopod- (chilopodal); nitho- (ornithological); volucr- scolopendr- (scolopendriform) CATEGORIES 183 Animals chamois rupicap- (rupicaprine) clostom- (cyclostome); muraen- chickadee par- (parine) (muraenoid) chicken gallin- (gallinaceous); pull- eland taurotrag- (Taurotragus (pullet) oryx) chimpanzee sim- (simid) elephant elephant- (elephantine); civet viverr- (viverrine) pachyderm- (pachydermic) cock alector- (alectoromancy); alec- elk cerv- (cervine) try- (alectryomachy) emu rat- (ratite) cockroach blatt- (blatta) ermine mustel- (musteline) coot fulic- (Fulicinae) falcon accipit- (accipitrine); falcon - cormorant phalacrocorac- (pha- (falconry); raptor- (raptorial) lacrocoracine) ferret mustel (musteline); viverr- cow bou- (boustrophedon); bov- (viverrine) (bovine); bu- (bulimia); vacc- finch fringill- (fringilline) (vaccine) firefly lampyr- (lampyrid) crab cancri- (cancrine); gammar- fish icthyo- (icthyoid); pisci- (pis¬ (gammarolite) cine); bony~: scopeli- (scopeli- crane alector- (alectorine); gralla- form) tor- (grallatorial); grui- (grui- flamingo phoenicopter- (phoeni- form) copteroid) cricket gryll- (gryllid); locust- (lo- flea puli- (pulicine) custarian) fly cyclorrhaph- (cyclorrhaphous); crocodilwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.come crocodil- (crocodilian); muse- (muscid); myia- (myiasis) gavial- (gavialoid) fox alopec- (alopecoid); vulp- crow coraci- (coraciform); coraco- (vulpine) (coracoid); corvin- (corvine) frog batracho- (batrachoid); bufo- cuckoo cucul- (cuculine) (bufotenine); phryno- (phryno- cuttlefish sepi- (sepiacean); -teuth- derma); polyped- (polypedatid); (teuthologist) rani- (ranine) deer cervi- (cervine); elaph- fruitfly drosophil- (Drosophilidae); (elaphine) trypet- (Trypetidae) dodo did- (didine) gerbil cricet- (cricetine) dog cani- (canine); cyn- (cynan- gibbon hylobat- (hylobatine) thropy); kyn- (kynanthropy) giraffe artiodactyl- (artiodactylous) dolphin delphin- (delphine) gnat culici- (culiciform) donkey ono- (onocentaur) gnu connochaet- (Connochaetes) dormouse glir- (gliriform); myox- goat caprin- (caprine); egagro- (myoxine) (egagropile); hircin- (hircine); dove columb- (columbine) trago- (tragopan) dragonfly libellul- (libellulid) goldfish cyprin- (cyprinid) duck anat- (anatine); fuligul- goose anser- (anserine); cheno- (fuliguline) (Chenopod) eagle aet- (aetites); aquil- (aquiline) gorilla pong- (pongid) earwig forficul- (forficulid) grasshopper acrid- (acridid); gryll- eel anguill- (anguilliform); cy- (gryllotalpa); locust- (locustid) Animals 184 CATEGORIES grouse gallinac- (gallinaceous); lion leo- (leonine) tetrao- (tetraonid) lizard lacert- (lacertilian); saur- gull gavi- (Gaviae); lar- (larine) (saurian); sauro- (sauropod); - halibut hippogloss- (hippoglossoid) saurus (icthyosaurus); stellio- hare cunic- (cuniculous); lago- (stellion) (lagotic); lepor- (leporine) lobster astac- (astacian); gammar- hawk accipit- (accipitrine); buteo- (gammarolite); homar- (homa- (buteonine); falco- (falconine); rine) hieraco- (hieracosophic) locust locust- (locustarian) hedgehog echin- (echinate); erinac- louse pedicul- (pediculous); phthir- (erinaceous) (phthiriasis); phthyr- (phthyria- heron arde- (ardeid); grallator- sis) (grallatorial) lynx lync- (lyncean) herring clupeo- (clupeoid); halec- macaw psittac- (psittacine) (halecomorphous); harengi- mackerel scombr- (scombroid) (harengiform) magpie corv- (corvoid); garrul- hog hyos- (hyoscyamine) (garruline) hookworm ancylostom- (Ancy- manatee trichée- (Trichechus) lostoma) marlin istiophor- (istiophorid) hornbill bucerot- (Bucerotinae); marmoset callithric- (callithricid) bucorac- (Bucoracinae) marmot sciur- (sciurid) hornet -sphec- (sphecoid); vespi- marten mustel- (musteline) (vespinewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) martin hirund- (hirundine) horse caball- (caballine); caval- meadowlark icter- (icterine) (cavalry); equ- (equine); hippo- millipede arthropod- (arthropo- (hippology); -hippus (eohippus) dal); diplopod- (diplopodal) horsefly taban- (tabanid) mink mustel- (musteline) hummingbird trochil- (trochiline) minnow cyprin- (cyprinid) hyrax chero- (cherogril) mite acar- (acaroid); miti- (miti- jackass asin- (asinine) cide) jackdaw gracul- (graculine) mockingbird mim- (mimine) jay garrul- (garruline) mole talp- (talpine) jellyfish discophor- (discophoran) mole-rat zemn- (zemnine) kangaroo macropod- (macropo- mollusk malaco- (malacological); dine) mollusc- (molluscous) kestrel falco- (falconine) mongoose viverr- (viverrine) kingfisher halcyon- (halcyonine) monkey cebo- (cebocephalic); kite milv- (milvine) pithec- (pithecoid) kudu tragelaph- (Tragelaphus) moose cerv- (cervine) lamb agn- (agnification) mosquito aed- (aedine); anophel- leech bdell- (bdellatomy); dis¬ (anopheline); culici- (culicid) cophor- (discophorous); hirud- moth arct- (arctian); phalaen- (hirudine); sanguisug- (san- (phalaenoid); tinea- (tineid) guisugous) mouse mur- (murine); myo- (my- leopard pard- (pardine) omancy) CATEGORIES 185 Animals mullet mugil- (mugiloid) porpoise delphin- (delphine); muskrat cricet- (cricetid) phoecaen- (Phoecaenoides) mussel my til- (mytiloid) poultry gallin- (gallinaceous) nightingale philomel- ptarmigan tetraon- (tetraonid) (philomelian) quail coturn- (coturnine); gallinac- nuthatch sitt- (Sitta) ( gallinaceous) opossum didelph- (didelphine) rabbit cunic- (cuniculous); lago- orangutan pong- (pongoid) (lagotic); lepor- (leporine) oriole icter- (icterine) raccoon arctoid- (arctoidean); pro- osprey ossifrag- (ossifrage) cyon- (procyonine) ostrich rat- (ratite); struthi- ram ariet- (arietine); crio- (crio- (struthious) cephalous); krio- (krioboly) otter lutr- (lutrine) rat mur- (murine) owl strigi- (strigine); tyto- (Ty- rattlesnake crotal- (crotaline) tonidae); ulul- (ululant) raven coraci- (coraciiform); coraco- ox bou- (boustrophedon); bov- (coracomorphic); corvin- (bovine); bu- (bulimia) (corvine) oyster ostrac- (ostracine); ostrei- reptile batrach- (batrachian); her- (ostreiform); ostreo- (os- peto- (herpetology); -ophidia treophage) (Thanatophidia); ophio- (ophio¬ parakeet psittac- (psittacine) latry); reptil- (reptilian); saur- parrot psittac- (psittacine) (saurian); -saurus (icthyosaurus); partridgwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.come gallinac- (gallinaceous); serp- (serpentine) -perdic- (perdicine); perdri- (per- rhinoceros ceratorh- (ceratorhine) dricide) roach blatt- (blattid) peacock pavon- (pavonine) roadrunner cucul- (cuculid) pelican onocrot- (onocrotal); pele- robin turd- (turdine) can- (pelecanid) sable zibel- (zibeline) penguin sphenisc- (spheniscan) sailfish istiophor- (istiophorid) perch perc- (perciform) salmon salmoni- (salmoniform) pheasant alector- (alectorine); gal¬ sandgrouse pterocl- (pteroclid) linac- (gallinaceous); phasian- sandpiper charadr- (charadrine); (phasianine) tring- (tringoid) pig porcin- (porcine); sui- (suilline) scorpion pedipalp- (pedipalpous) pigeon columb- (columbaceous); sea horse hippocamp- (hippocam- palumb- (palumbine); perister- pine) (peristeronic); pullastr- (pullas- sea urchin echin- (echinoid) trine) seagull lar- (laroid) platypus monotrem- seal phoc- (phocine) (monotremal); protother- (Pro- shark carchar- (carcharinid); gale- totheria) (galeod); selach- (selachoid) ham¬ plover charadr- (charadrine); plu¬ merhead-: sphyrn- (Sphyrna); vial- (pluvialine) squal- (squaloid) polecat mustel- (musteline) sheep ovi- (ovine); verv- (verve- porcupine hystric- (hystricine) cine) Animals 186 CATEGORIES shrew soric- (soricine); tupai- (tu- swift cypsel- (cypseline) paiid) swine pore- (porcine); su- (suoid) shrimp macrur- (macruran) swordfish xiphi- (xiphioid) silkworm bombyc- (bombycine) tapeworm taeni- (taenioid); teni- skunk mephit- (mephitine); mus- (teniacide) tel- (mustelid) tapir pachyderm- (pachydermoid) skylark alaud- (alaudine) tarantula theraphos- (theraphosid) sloth xenarth- (xenarthral) tarsier lemur- (lemuroid) slug limac- (limacine) termite isoptero- (isopterous); ter- smelt ather- (atherine) mit- (termitarium) snail cochlea- (cochleiform); gas¬ tern stern- (sternine) tropod- (gastropodal); limac- thrush cathar- (Catharus); cichlo- (limacine) (cichlomorphous); muscicap- snake angui- (anguiform); colubr- (muscicapine); turd- (turdiform) (colubrine); echidno- (echidno- tick acar- (acarine); ixod- (ixodid) toxin); -glypha (episthoglypha); tiger tigr- (tigrine) herpeto- (herpetology); ophid- titmouse par- (parine) (ophidian); ophio- (ophiolatry); toad batrach- (batrachian); bufo- reptil- (reptilian); serpen- (ser¬ (bufonite); phryno- (phryno- pentine); viper- (vipérine) derma) snapper lutjan- (lutjanid) tortoise chelon- (chelonian); snipe charadr- (charadrine); scolo- emydo- (emydosaurian); testud- pacwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- (scolopaceous) (testudineous) sparrow passer- (passerine) trout trocto- (troctolite); trutt- spider arachn- (arachnoid); arene- (truttaceous) (areneiform); phalang- (pha- turbot psett- (psettaceous); scoph- langium) thalm- (Scophthalmus) squid cephalopod- (cephalopodal); turkey gallinac- (gallinaceous); me- teutho- (teuthologist) leagr- (meleagrine) squirrel sciur- (sciurine) turtle anaps- (anapsid); chelon- stag cerv- (cervine); elaph (elaphine) (chelonian); -chelys (Lepi- starfish asteroid- (asteroidean); dochelys); testud- (testudinal); echinoderm- (echinodermatous) turtura- (turturring) starling psar- (psarolite); sturn- vulture vultur- (vulturine) (sturnoid) walrus oben- (obenid) stoat mustel- (musteline) warbler vermivor- (Vermivora) stork cicon- (ciconine); grallator- wasp sphec- (sphecid); vesp- (grallatorial); pelarg- (pelargic) (vespine) sturgeon acipenser- (acipenserine); weasel arctoid- (arctoidean); gale- sturion- (sturionic) (phascogale); mustel- (musteline) swallow chelid- (chelidonian); weevil curculion- (curculionid) -hirund- (hirundine); sturn- whale balaen- (balaenoid); cet- (sturnoid) (cetaceous) swan cycn- (cycnean); cygn- (cyg- wolf lup- (lupine); lye- (lycan- nine) thropy) CATEGORIES 187 Animals • Body wolverine mustel- (musteline) (filariform); helminth- wombat phascolom- (phascolo- (helminthoid); lumbric (lumbri- mian) ciform); oxyur- (oxyurifuge); woodcock charadr- (charadrine); scolec- (scolecoid); scoleci- gallinag- (gallinaginous); (scoleciform); scoleco (scoleco- scolopac- (scolopacine) brotic); taeni- (taeniiphobia); woodlouse isopod- (isopodous); tered- (teredines); tinea- (tineid); onisc- (onisciform) vermi- (vermiform) woodpecker pic- (picine) wren troglodyt- (troglodytine) worm ascari- (ascariasis); filari- zebra zebr- (zebrine)

THE BODY abdomen abdomino- (ab- cyst); cholo- (chololith); gall- dominocentesis); alv- (alvine); gallbladder) celio- (celiomyositis); celo- (celo- birthmark nevi- (nevoid); nevo- scope); laparo- (laparotomy); ven- (nevosity) tri- (ventricumbent); ventro- blister phlyc- (phlyctenous); pus- (ventrodorsal); abdominal sac: tul- (pustule); vesica- (vesica¬ peritoneo- (peritoneoclysis); dis¬ tory); vesico- (vesicoprostatic); tended-: ventricoso- (ventricoso- vesiculo- (vesiculo-pustular) globosewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) blood cruent- (incruent); cruor- adrenal gland adreno- (adreno- (cruorin); haema- (haema- toxin) chrome); haemo- (haemogastric); amniotic sac amnio- (amniocente- hema- (hemachrome); hemato- sis) (hematogenic); hemo- (hemo¬ ankle bone astragalo- (astragalon- philia); sangui- (sanguicolous); avicular); tali- (taligrade); talo- sanguineo- (sanguineous); san- (talocalcaneal) guino- (sanguino-purulent); antibodies -valent (multivalent) ~clot: thrombo- (thrombo¬ anus ano- (anorectal) phlebitis); ~condition or disease: arm acromio- (acromioclavicular); -aemia (hyperaemia); -cythemia brachio- (brachiocephalic) (leucocythemia); -emia (leu¬ armpit axill- (periaxillary) kemia); -fluid: lympho- (lym¬ artery arterio- (arteriosclerosis); phocyte); -vessels: hemangio- -venous (intravenous) (hemangiosarcoma); vasculo- atlas vertebra: atlanto- (atlantoax- (vasculitis); vaso- (vasoconstric¬ ial); atlo- (atloid) tor) atrophy tabe- (tabescent) body corp- (corporeal); physico- auricle atrio- (atrioventricular) (physicochemical); physi- (physi- backbone rachi- (rachicentesis); ra- atrics); physio- (physiotherapy); chio- (rachiometer); rhach- (rha- somato- (somatology); -some chitis); -rrhachia (glycorrhachia) (chromosome); dead-: cadav- bile bili- (biligenic); chole- (chole- (cadaver); necro- (necrosis); Body 188 CATEGORIES

~defect: hamart- (hamartoma); kyto- (kytometry); -plasm (neo¬ -odor: brom- (bromidrosis); plasm); plasmo- (plasmolysis) -organ part: -ite (somite) cellulose cello- (cellophane) bone ossi- (ossification); osseo- celom celo- (celomate) (osseomucin); osteo- (osteo¬ cervical cervico- (cervicodorsal) plasty); forearm-: ulno- (ulnora- cheek bucco- (buccolabial); -genia dial); frontal-: fronto- (fronto- (microgenia); genio- (genio- parietal); -joining hipbones: plasty); geny- (genyplasty); melo- sacro- (sacroiliac); -membrane: (meloplasty); zygomatico- (zygo- periosteo- (periosteophyte); bony matico-auricular); zygomato- (zy- process: stylo- (stylohyoid) gomato-temporal) brain cephal- (cephalitis); cerebri- chest pector- (pectoral); sterno- (cerebritis); cerebro- (cerebro- (sternocostal); stetho- (stethomet- spinal); encephalo- (encephalo- ric); thoracico- (thoracico- abdom¬ cele) inal); thoraco- (thoracotomy) breast mammi- (mammiferous); chin -genia (microgenia); genio- mammo- (mammogram); -mastia (genioplasty); geny- (genyplasty); (macromastia); masto- (mastody- mento- (mentoplasty) nia); mazo- (mazoplazia); stetho- chromosomes -ploid (diploid) (stethoscope); -bone: pect- (pec¬ chyle chyl- (chylaqueous) toral); sterno- (sternoclavicular) clavicle cleido- (cleidomastoid); breath afflat- (afflatus); -hale (ex¬ clido- (clidomastoid) hale)www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com; halit- (halitosis); ozostom- clot grum- (grumous); thrombo- (ozostomia); -pnea (apnea); (thrombo-phlebitis) pneo- (pneograph); pneumato- coccyx coccy- (coccyalgia); coc- (pneumatometer); pneumo- cygo- (coccygodynia) (pneumobacillus); pneumono- collarbone clavi- (clavicle) (pneumonophorous); pneusio colon coli- (coliform); colo- (pneusiobiognosis); pulmo- (pulm- (coloenteritis) nonary); spiro- (spirograph) cornea corneo- (corneoiritis); ker- buttocks nati- (natiform); -pygia ato- (keratotomy) (steatopygia); pygo- (pygopod) corpse cadav- (cadaverous); necro- cartilage chondr- (chondrify); (necrophilia) chondrio- (chondriosome); chon- cyst- sacc- (sacculation) dro- (chondroblast); xiphi- (xipi- dandruff porrig- (porriginous) oid); eyelid-: tarso- (tarso- defecation -chezia (hematochezia); plasty) copro- (coprolagnia); fecu- (fecu¬ cecum ceco- (cecostomy); typhlo- lent); fim- (fimetic); fimi- (fimi- (typhlostomy) colous); kopro- (koprophilia); cell alveolo- alveolopalatal); celli- merd- (immerd); scato- (scatol- (celliferous); celluli- (celullifer- ogy); spatilo- (spatilomancy); ous); cellulo- (cellulo-fibrous); stereo- (stercoraceous) -cyte (lymphocyte); -cythemia diaphragm -phrenic (gastro- (leukocythemia); cyto- (cytol¬ phrenic); phrenico- (phrenicot- ogy); -gonium (sporogonium); omy); phreno- (phrenogastric) CATEGORIES 189 Body ear auri- (auricular); auriculo- (au- fingernail -onychia (leukonychia); riculo-temporal); ot- (otitis); oto- onycho- (onychphagy) (otopyosis) foot ped- (pedal); pedi- (pedicure); elbow ancon- (anconitis) pedo- (pedopathy); pod- (podal- embryo- -blast (mesoblast); -blastic gia); ~sole: pelm- (antiopelmus); (osteoblastic); blasto- (blasto¬ plant- (plantigrade) derm); -blasty; embry- (embry¬ forearm ulno- (ulnoradial) onic) forehead metopo- (metoposcopy) ethmoid bone ethmo- (ethmo- freckle lentig- (lentigo) turbinal) frontal bone fronto- (fronto-pari- eustachian tube salpingo- (salpin- etal) gitis) gall bili- (biligenic); chole- (chole- eye eido- (eidoptometry); oculi- cyst); gall- (gallbladder) (oculiform); oculo- (oculomotor); gastric chyli- (chyliferous); chylo- op- (opalgia); ophthalmo- (oph¬ (chylocyst); chymo- (chymo- thalmoscope); -opia (diplopia); poiesis) opsi- (opsiometer); -opsis (core¬ genitals aede- (aedeagus); genito- opsis); ommat- (ommatophore); (genitourinary); female~: colpo- opsi- (opsiometer); opso- (opso- (colpospasm); male~: phallo- clonus); -opsy (achromatopsy); (phallocampsis) optico- (optico-papillary); opto- gland adeni- (adeniform); adeno- (optometry); -scope (telescope); (adenomere); balani- (balanitis); www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com-scopic (microscopic); -scopy balano- (balanorrhagia) (bioscopy); spec- (inspect); spic- goiter strumi- (strumiferous) (conspicuous); vid- (video); vis- gonad gonado- (gonadopathy) (visual); ~brow: ophry- groin bubo- (bubonocele); inguino- (ophryosis); cornea: corneo- (cor- (inguinoscrotal) neoiritis); kerato- (keratotomy); gullet esophago- (esophagus); oe- corner of~: cantho- (cantho- sophago- (oesophagalgia) plasty); ~covering: sclero- gums gingivo- (gingivoglossitis); (sclerotomy); iris of~: irido- oulo- (oulorrhagy); ulo- (uloglos- (iridomotor); ~lash: cili- (ciliary); sitis) ~lid: blephar- (blepharotomy); hair capilli- (capilliform); crini- retina: retino- (retinoschisis). See (criniferous); pili- (piliform); pupil pilo- (piloerection); piloso- (pi- face facio- (facioplegia); prosopo- loso-fimbriate); hirsut- (hirsute); (prosopagnosia); -visaged (round- lanug- (lanugo); thrix- (strep- visaged) tothrix) fallopian tube salpingo- ( salpingo- hand cheiro- (macrocheiria); chiro- tomy) (chiromancy); mani- (manipu¬ fibula peroneo- (peroneo-calcaneal) late); manu- (manual) finger -dactyl (dactyliology); head capit- (decapitate); cephal- dactylo- (dactylology); -dactylous (cephalitis); -cephalic (dolicho¬ (tridactylous); -dactyly (brachy- cephalic); cephalo- (cephalocente- dactyly); digiti- (digitigrade) sis); -cephalous (brachycepha- Body 190 CATEGORIES

loius); -cephaly (dolichocephaly); leg cnem- (gastrocnemius); crur- cranio- (craniotomy); kephalo- (crural); seel- (isosceles) (kephalotomy) limb -mele (phocomele); -melia heart cardi- (cardiagra); -cardia (macromelia); melo- (melorheo- (tachycardia); cardio- (cardiol¬ stosis) ogy); -cardium (myocardium); lips cheilo- (cheiloplasty); chilo- cordato- (cordato-ovate); cordi- (chiloplasty); labio- (labiodental) (cordiform); pericardiaco- (peri- liver hepatico- (hepaticostomy); he- cardiaco-phrenic); pericardio- pato- (hepatogastric); jecor- (jec- (pericardiostomy) orary) heel bone calcaneo- (calcaneo- loins laparo- (laparotomy); lumbo- fibular) (lumbodorsal); osphyo- (osphy- hernia -cele (perineocele); celo- ocele) (celotomy); hernio- (herniotomy) lumbar lumbo- (lumbosacral) hip cotyle- (cotyledonary); cotyli- lungs -pnea (apnea); pneo- (pneo- (cotyliform); cotylo- (coty- graph); pneumato- pneumatome- losacral); coxo- (coxodynia); is- ter); pneumo- pneumobacillus); chio- (ischiocapsular) pneumono- (pneumonophorous); hyoid bone hyo- (hyoidal) pneusio (pneusiobiognosis); intestinal pouch caeci- (caeciform); pulmo- (pulmnonary); pulmoni- ceco- (cecostomy); typhlo- (ty- (pulmonigrade); pulmono- (pul- phlostomy) monobranchous); spiro- (spirom- intestinewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.coms entero- (enteropathy); eter) ileo- (ileostomy); ilio- (iliosacral); lymph lymphato- (lymphatolysis); intestino- (intestino-vesical); je- lympho- (lymphocyte) juno- (jejunocolostomy); viscer- marrow -myelia (micromyelia); (visceroptosis) myelo- (myelogenic) iris irido- (iridomotor) mastoid mastoido- (mastoido- jaw -genia (microgenia); genio- humeral) (genioplasty); geny- (genyplasty); membrane chorio- (choriocele); gnatho- (gnathodynamics); choroid- (choroideremia); hy- -gnathous (prognathous); mandi- meno- (hymenogeny); mem- bulo- (mandibulo-maxillary); brano- (membranocartilaginous); maxillo- (maxillo-palatine) eyeball~: sclero- (sclerotomy); jejunum jejuno- (jejunoplasty) fetal-: allanto- (allanto-chorion),- joint arthro- (arthrodynia); articul- amnio (amniocentesis)-; mu¬ (multiarticular); -socket: gleno- cous-: muci- (muciparous); (gleno-humeral) muco- (mucoprotein); mucoso- kidney nephro- ; pyelo- ; reni- ; (mucoso-granular); -sheath: reno- meningo- (meningocele) knee genu- (genuflect) mole nevo- (nevoid) labia minora nympho- (nymphon- mouth -mouthed (open-mouthed); cus) oro- (orolingual); stomato- larynx guttur- (gutturo-labial); (stomatalgia); -stome (cyclo- laryngo- (laryngoscope) stome); -stomous (megastomous); CATEGORIES 191 Body

roof of~: palato- (palatonasal); pericardial pericardiaco- (pericar- uranisco- (uraniscoplasty); urano- diaco-phrenic); pericardio- (peri- (uranoschisis) cardiostomy) mucus blenno- (blennostasis); perineum perineo- (perineocele) muci- (muciparous); muco- (mu- periosteum periosteo- (periosteo- coprotein); mucoso- (mucoso- phyte) granular); -myxia (hypomyxia); peritoneum meso- (mesogastrium); myxo- (myxomycete) peritoneo- (peritoneoclysis) muscle musculo- (muscu- perspiration hidr- (anhidrosis); lophrenic); myo- (myocardium); suda- (sudatory); sudori- (su¬ -tonic (myatonic); -tonia (isotonia) dorific) navel omphalo- (omphalitis); um¬ pharynx pharyngo- (pharyngology) bilici- (umbiliciform) pimple pustulo- (pustulocrusta- neck atlo- (atloid); auchen- (maer- ceous) auchenia); cervico- (cervicodor- placenta mazo- (mazolysis); pla- sal); coll- (decollate); jug- (jugu¬ centi- (placentiform) late); trachelo- (trachelodynia) pleura pleuro- (pleurotomy) nipple mamilli- (mamilliform); pa- prostate prostato- (prostatectomy) pilli- (papilliform); papillo- pubic area pubio-(pubiotomy); (papillomatosis); papilloso- (pa- pubo- (pubofemoral) pilloso-asperate); thelo- (perithe- pulse crot- (catacrotic); sphygmo- lium); umbo- (umbonulate) (sphygmograph) noswww.IELTS4U.blogfa.come nasi- (nasion); naso- (na- pupil core- (corelysis); coreo- solabial); rhino- (rhinology) (coreoplasty); -coria (isocoria); nostrils nari- (narial) coro- (coroplastic); -koria (leuko- occipital occipito- (occipito-axial) coria); pupillo- (pupillometer) ovary oario- (oariopathy); pus purulo- (purulo-gangrenous); oophoro- (oophoritis); ovario- pyo- (pyogenic) (ovariocentesis) pylorus pyloro- (pylorodiosis) ovum oo- (oogamous); ovario- rash -anthema (enanthema) (ovariocele); ovi- (oviduct); ovo- rectum procto- (proctology); recto- (ovolecithin) (rectoscope) palate palato- (palatonasal); retina retino- (retinoschisis) uranisco- (uraniscoplasty); urano- rib costi- (costiform); costo- (cos- (uranoschisis); velar- (labiovelar) totome) palm palmati- (palmatifid); saliva ptyal- (ptyalogogue); sialo- palmato- (pelmatopeltate) ( sialorrhea) pancreas pancreato- (pancreato- scapula scapulo- (scapuloclavicu- tomy); pancreo- (pancreopathy) lar) pelvis pelvi- (pelvimeter); perineo- scar cica- (cicatrix); ulo- (uloder- (perineocele); pyelo- (pyelocysti- matitis) tis) scrotum didymo- (didymalgia); or- penis med- (medorthophobia); chido- (orchidotomy); orchio- mentul- (mentulate); peo- (orchiocele); oscheo- (oscheitis); (peotomy); phall- (phallic) scrot- (scotocele) Body 192 CATEGORIES shoulder acromio- (acromioclavic- (sudaminal); sudori- (sudori¬ ular); humero- (humero-cubital); parous) omo- (omodynia); scapuli- temple temporo- (temporo- (scapulimancy); scapulo- (scapu- mandibular) loclavicular); spatul- (spatula- tendon tendo- (tendolysis); teno- mancy) (tenotomy); tenonto- (tenontody- sinew chord- (chorditis); chorda- nia) (chordamesoderm); cord- (coro- testicle didymo- (didymalgia); or- tomy) chido- (orchidotomy); orchio- skeleton skeleto- (skeleto-trophic) (orchiocele); oscheo- (oscheitis); skin chorio- (choriocele); cuti- scrot- (scotocele) (cutisector); derm- (dermabra- thalamus thalamo- (thalamocortical) sion); -derm (endoderm); -derma thigh mero- (merocele) (scleroderma); dermato- (derma¬ thorax thoracico- (thoracico- tology); -dermatous (xeroderma- abdominal); thoraco- (thora- tous); -dermis (epidermis) ; coplasty) dermo- (dermoneural); dora- throat fauc- (faucal); gutturo- (gut- (doramania); pell- (pellagra) turo-labial); jugo- (jugo-maxil- skull -cephalic (dolichcephalic); lary); laryngo- (laryngoscope); cephalo- (cephalometry); -cepha- pharyngo- (pharyngology); tra- lous (brachycephalous); -cephaly cheo- (tracheotomy) dolichocephaly); cranio- (cranio- thumb pollic- (pollicate) facial)www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com; occipito- (occipito-axial); thymus thymo- (thymokinetic) orbito- (orbitonasal) thyroid -thyrea (hypothyrea); socket alveolo- (alveolopalatal); thyreo- (thyreotomy); thyro- gomph- (gomphosis) (thyromegaly) sphenoid bone spheno- (sphenoc- tibia cnem- (cnemis); tibio- (tibio- cipital) tarsal) spinal cord -myelia (micromyelia); toe -dactyl (dactyliology); dactylo- myelo- (myelogenic) (dactylology); -dactylous (tri- spine rachi- (rachicentesis); rhachi- dactylous); -dactyly (brachy- (rhachitis); -rrhachia (glycor- dactyly); digiti- (digitigrade); hal- rhachia); spini- (spini-acute); luc- (hallucar) spino- (spinobulbar); spinoso- tongue -glossia (macroglossia); (spinoso-dentate); spinuloso- glosso- (glossoplegia); -glot (poly¬ (spinuloso-serrate); spondylo- glot); lamino- (lamino-alveolar); (spondylitis); vertebro- (verte- ligul- (liguliform); linguo- (lin- broiliac) guopalatal) spleen lieno- (lieno-gastric); tonsil tonsillo- (tonsillotomy) splenico- (splenico-phrenic); tooth cranter- (syncranterian); den- spleno- (splenocele) tato- (dentato-serrate); denti- sternum sterno- (sternoclavicular) (dentifrice); dento- (dentosurgi- stomach -gastria (microgastria); cal); dont- (periodontal); laniar- gastro- (gastroenteritis) (laniariform); odont- (macro- sweat hidr- (anhidrosis); suda- dont); -toothed (gap-toothed) CATEGORIES 193 Body • Colors trachea tracheo- (tracheobronchitis) (venoso-reticulated); -venous (in¬ tumor -cele (cystocele); -oma (sar¬ travenous) coma); onco- (oncologist); phym- ventral abdomino- (abdominoscro- (phymatosis); -phyma (osteo- tal); celio- (celiopathy); laparo- phyma); struma- (strumectomy) (laparoscope); ventro- (ventro- ulcer helco- (helcoplasty) tomy) ulna cubito- (cubito-carpal); ulno- ventricle ventriculo- (ventriculoa- (ulnoradial) trial) umbilicus omphalo- (omphalitis) vertebra atlanto- (atlantoaxial); ureter uretero- (ureterostomy); atlo- (atloaxoid); spondylo- urethro- (urethroscopy) (spondylopyosis); vertebro- (ver- urine mict- (micturient); ming- tebrocostal) (bradymingent); ouro- (ouro- vesicle vesiculi- (vesiculigerous); mancy); urea- (ureapoiesis); ureo- vesiculo- (vesiculo-pustular) (ureometer); uretero- (ureteros¬ vomit -emesis (hematemesis); tomy); -uretic (diuretic); urini- -emetic (antiemetic); emeto- (uriniparous); urino- (urinome- (emetophobia) ter); uro- (urolith); -ury (stran¬ vulva episio- (episiotomy); vulvi- gury) (vulviform); vulvo- (vulvovaginal) uterus hystero- (hysterodynia); wart verruci- (verruciform) metra- (metratonia); metro- windpipe bronchi- (bronchiectasis); (metrorrhagia); utero- (uterovagi- bronchio- (bronchiogenic); bron¬ nalwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) cho- (bronchoscope); laryngo- uvula staphylo- (staphylorrhaphy); (laryngostenosis); tracheo- (tra- uvulo- (uvulectomy) cheomalacia) vagina colpo- (colpocele); elytro- womb hystero- (hysteropexy); (elytroplasty); kolpo- (kolpo- metra- (metralgia); metro- (metro- scope); vagini- (vaginismus); phlebitis); utero- (uterolith) vagino- (vaginomycosis) wrist carpo- (carpoptosis) vagus nerve vago- (vagotropic) xiphoid process xiphi- (xiphister- vein cirso- (cirsotomy); phlebo- num); xipho- (xiphoiditis) (phlebotomy); varici- (varici- yawn oscit- (oscitation) form); varico- (varicocele); vene- zygoma zygomatico- (zygomatico- (venesection); veni- (venipunc- auricular); zygomato- (zygomato- ture); veno- (venostomy); venoso- temporal)

COLORS

Black reddish-black piceo- (piceo-ferrug- blue-black nigr- (nigrosine) inous) deep-black melan(o)- (melanous) sooty-black fulig- (fuliginated) ebony-black ebon- (ebonize) inky-black atro- (atroceruleous) Colors 194 CATEGORIES

Blue -phaein (haemophaein); pheo- (pheochrome) black-blue livid- (lividity) pale-gray polio- (poliomyelitis) dark-blue cyan(o)- (cyanean) pearl-gray gris- (griseous) gray-blue caes- (caesious) silvery-gray glauco- (glaucodot) green-blue aerug- (aeruginous); white-gray can- (canescent) glauco- (glaucous) milky-blue adular- (adularescent) Green peacock blue pavon- (pavonine) sea-blue cumat- (cumatic) blue-green caes- (caesious); glauco- sky-blue azur- (azureous); -cerul- ( glaucous) (cerulean); lazul- (lazuline) dusky-green oliv- (olivaceous); oli- vaceo- (olivaceo-cinereous) Brown emerald-green smaragd- (smarag- dine) acorn-brown gland- (glandaceous) fresh-green thall- (thallium); - chestnut-brown castan- (casta- virid- (viridescence) neous); -spad- (spadiceous) grass-green verd- (verdurous) dark-brown brun- (brunneous); leek-green porrac- (porraceous); fusco- (fuscous) pras- (prasine) dusky-brown phaeo- (phaeophyll) light-green/blue beryl- (berylline) reddish-brown testae- (testaceous) sea-green thalass- (thalassine) yellow-brown fulv- (fulvous); slightly-green vir- (virescence) glandwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- (glandaceous); lur- (lurid); yellow-green chloro- (chlorophyl- mustel- (musteline) lose) Copper Orange brassy-yellow copper chalco- fruit-orange auranti- (aurantia- ( chalcography) ceous) gold-copper auricalc- (aurical- ceous) Purple red-brown copper cupr- (cupre¬ ous); cupreo- (cupreo-viola- bright-purple blatt- (blattean) ceous); cuproso- (cuproso-ferric) dark-purple porphyr- (porphyrin) metallic purple indi-(indirubin); Gold indo- (indophane) red-purple amaranth- (amaran¬ copper-gold auricalc- (aurical- thine); phenic- (phenicine); -pun- ceous) (puniceous) yellow-gold aur- (aurulent); standard-purple purpureo- (pur- chryso- (chrysography) purescent) Gray Red ash-gray tephr- (tephroite) blood-red cruent- (cruentous) blue-gray caesi- (caesious) brick-red later- (lateritious); dusky-gray phaeo- (phaeophyll); testaceo- (testaceo-fuscous) CATEGORIES 195 Colors bright-red -rub- (rubicund) White brownish-red -ruf- (rufescent) intense-white cand- (candescent) cinnabar-red minia- (miniaceous) ivory-white ebur- (eburnine) copper-red pyhrro- (pyrrhotite) lead-white ceruss- (cerussal) crimson-red carmino- (carmino- leathery-white alut- (alutaceous) philous) milk-white lac- (lacteous) dark-red -rut- (rutilant) pale-white leuco- (leucous) deep-red grenat- (grenatite) snow-white niv- (niveous) healthy-red -rud- (ruddy) standard-white alb- (albicant) inflamed-red erysi- (erysipelatous) yellowish-white ochroleuc- orange-red nacar- (nacarine); (ochroleucous) pyrrho- (pyrrho-arsenite) poppy-red coquel- (coquelicot) Yellow purple-red erythro- (erythrean); murex- (murexide); phoeni- bright-yellow gambog- (gambo- (phoeniceous) gian) rose-red rhodo- (rhodophyllose); brown-yellow fulv- (fulvous); lur- roseo (roseo-cobaltic) (lurid); ochreo- (ochreous) rouge-red fuc- (fucate) canary-yellow melin- (meline) rusty-red ferrug- (ferruginous) gold-yellow chryso- (chrysocrous) scarlet-red coccin- (coccineous) greenish-yellow icter- (icterus); vermillion-red minia- (minia¬ jaun- (jaundice) ceouswww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) honey-yellow helv- (helvine) lemon-yellow citr- (citreous) Silver light-yellow xantho- (xanthous) metallic-yellow aen- (aeneous) blue-silver glauco- (glaucescent) orange-yellow safran- (safranin) white-silver argyro- (argyranthe- pale-yellow flav- (flavescent); mous) flavido- (flavido-cinerascent); white-silver argent(i)- (argenteous) gilv- (gilvous);helv- (helvenac); Tan lurido- (lurido-cinerascent); ochro- (ochrocarpous) light-brown fulv- (fulvous) red-yellow luteo- (luteous) saffron-yellow croce- (croceous) Violet yolk-yellow lut- (lutein); vitell- metallic-violet indi- (indirubin); (vitelline) indo- (indophane) purple-blue ianth- (ianthine); io- (iopterous); -viol- (violaceous) Dimensions 196 CATEGORIES

DIMENSIONS deep batho- (bathometer); bathy -strict- (stricture); tenu- (tenu¬ (bathysphere) ity) gigantic bronto- (brontosaurus); short brachisto- (brachistocephaly); dino- (Dinotherium); giganto- brachy- (brachypterous); brevi- (gigantology); mega- (megalith); (abbreviation); chamae- (chamae¬ mégalo- (megalopolis); -megaly rops); curt- (curtate); exig-2 (hepatomegaly); super- (super¬ (exiguous); mini- (minidrama) nova) small -cle (particle); -cule (mole¬ high aero- (acrophobia); alti- cule); -culum (curriculum); (altimetry); alto- (altostratus); -culuc (fasciculus); -een (colleen); hypsi- (hypsicephalic); hypso- -el (satchel); -ella (umbrella); -en (hypsodont); super- (superstruc¬ (kitten); -et (rivulet); -ette (kitch¬ ture) enette); hekisto- (hekistotherm); large ampl- (amplification); -fold -idion (enchiridion); -idium (hundredfold); grand- (grandi- (peridium); -ie (laddie); -ilia flora); macro- (macrocosm); (cedilla); -illo (cigarillo); -isk magni- (magnifying); maj- (asterisk); -kin (lambkin); -le (majority); maxi- (maximum); (icicle); -let (ringlet); -ling (duck¬ plethys- (plethysmometry); super- ling); micro- (microcassette); (supertankerwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) mini- (minibus); nano- (nanosec¬ long dolicho- (dolichocephalic); ond); -ock (hillock); -ola (vari¬ -footer (ten-footer); longi- (longi- ola); -oie (variole); parvi- (parvi- caudate); macro- (macropterous); potent); parvo- (parvoline); -rel maxi- (maxicoat); procer- (pro- (wastrel); -ula (fibula); -ule (am¬ cercoid) pule); -ulum (speculum); -ulus low chamae- (chamaerops); hypo- (homunculus); -y (Billy) (hypocaust); infero- (inferolat- thick cespitoso- (cespitoso-arbores- eral); infra- (infrapatellar); sub- cent); -crass- (crassitude); dasy- (subway); subter- (subteraque- (dasymeter); hadro- (hadrosaur); ous); under- (underground) pachy- (pachyderm); pycno- (pyc- narrow/thin angusti- (angustifoli- nometer); pykn(o)- (pyknic); ate); areo- (areolation); dolicho- spiss- (spissatus); visco- (viscos¬ (dolichocephalic); gracil- ity) (gracile); isthm- (isthmian); wide ampl- (amplitude); eury- lepto- (leptorrhine); phim- (phi¬ (eurygnathous); lati- (latisternal); mosis); -stal- (staltic); stegno- platy- (platypellic) (stegnotic); sténo- (stenosis); CATEGORIES 197 Directions • Divination

DIRECTIONS away from, apart a-2 (avert); ab-2 left laeo- (laeotropic); laevo- (laev- (abduct); abs-2 (abstruse); apo- ogyrate); levo- (levorotatory); sin- (apogeotropism); be- (bereave); istro- (sinistrocular) de- (deplane); des- (descant); di-2 north borea- (boreal); septen- (divest); dia- (diagnose); dif- ( septentrion) (differ); dis-1 (dismiss); e- (emi¬ out of e- (eject); ec- (eccentric); ef- grate); ec- (ecdemic); ectro- (ec- (effluence); ex- (expulsion) trotic); ef- (efferent); ex- (expatri¬ right dexio- (dexiotropic); dextro- ate); for- (forgo); off-1 (offload); ( dextrorotatory) se- (separate); with- (withdraw) south austr- (Austronesia); noto- backward retro- (rétroversion); (notothere) opiso- (opisometer) toward a-1 (ascribe); ac- (acclaim); down a-2 (abate); ab-2 (abdicate); ad- (advance); -ad (dorsad); af- abs-2 (abscond); cata- (catacomb); (affirm); ag- (aggrade); al- (al¬ cath- (cathepsin); de- (decum¬ lege); an- (announce); ap- (ap¬ bent); kata- (katabatic) prove); ar- (arrive); as- (assent); east euro- (euroboreal); orient- at- (attrition); -bound (east- (orienteering) bound); il- (illuminate); im- forward antero- (antero-frontal); (impel); in- (inboard); ir- (irri¬ forewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- (foredeck); pre- (preaxial); gate); -ly (northerly); ob- (object); pro-1 (projection); proso- (proso- -ward (outward) gaster) up ana- (anabatic); ano- (anoopsia); into eis- (eisegesis); em-1 (emi¬ ex- (extol); super- (superscript); grate); en-1 (entomb); il- (illumi¬ sur- (surmount); nate); im- (immerse); in- (instill); west hesper- (hesperian); occid- ir- (irradiate) (occident); zephyr- (zephyrean)

DIVINATION

To extract the root which shows the method being used, simply drop the -money\ which signifies telling the future. air blowing or moving: aeromancy; arrows with incised marks or words visions in the sky: chaomancy belomancy angels angelomancy ashes cineromancy, spodomancy; animals behavior: zoomancy; ~ofa sacrifice: tephromancy movement: theriomancy ass head, boiled cephalonamancy appearance or form of a person ax (balanced on a bar) axinomancy schematomancy barley meal alphitomancy Divination 198 CATEGORIES basin of water lecanomancy originally on the ground) geo¬ Bible verses (randomly selected) mancy bibliomancy dreams oneiromancy, sompnary birds ornithomancy; ornomancy dust amathomancy blood hematomancy; -dripping in eggs oomancy, ovomancy patterns: dririmancy embryonic sac amniomancy bones osteomancy, osteomanty; entrails of a human anthropo- -marked as dice: astragalo- mancy, splanchnomancy mancy evil spirits demonomancy, necy¬ bowl of water cylicomancy, kylixo- omancy mancy false divination pseudomancy brass vessels (sound of) chalco- feces (examination of) scatomancy, mancy spatilomancy, stercomancy breastbone sternomancy feet (soles of) paedomancy, pedo- bubbles rising in a fountain pego- mancy mancy figs or figleave s botanomancy, cake dough (sprinkled on sacrificial sycomancy victim) crithomancy fingernails onychomancy candles (blowing them out) pneu- fire empyromancy, pyromancy mancy fish (examining heads or entrails) cards cartomancy, chartomancy icthyomancy cat (jumping and landing) ailuro- flour aleuromancy mancywww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, felidomancy flowers anthomancy cheese (patterns of coagulation) foolish divination moromantie tyromancy footsteps ichnomancy cloud formations chaomancy forehead wrinkles metopomancy coals (burning) anthracomancy fountain pegomancy contour of the land topomancy glass vessels (figures appearing in) counting mathemancy gastromancy crystal gazing crystallomancy; gods (speaking through oracles) spheromancy theomancy cup scyphomancy handwriting chartomancy, grap- dead people (communication with) tomancy egromancy, necromancy, necyo- hatchet axinomancy mancy, psychomancy, sciamancy, head cephalomancy sciomancy, thanatomancy heavens ouranomancy, uranomancy devil or demons demonomancy, horses (neighing) hippomancy necyomancy human features and form colli- dice (or beans with points or marks mancy, frontimancy, metopo¬ on them) astragalomancy, clero- mancy, physiognomancy, mancy, cubomancy schematomancy digging things up oryctomancy icons iconomancy dirt (thrown on ground to produce idols idolomancy patterns) geomancy incense burning knissomancy, dots or points (drawn at random, libanomancy CATEGORIES 199 Divination key cleidomancy, clidomancy oracle's rapturous statements kidneys nephromancy chresmomancy, theomancy lamp or torch flame lampado- palm reading cheiromancy, chiro¬ mancy, lychnomancy mancy largest object nearby macro- paper (written on) chartomancy mancy pearls margaritomancy laughter gelomancy pebbles pessomancy, psephomancy laurel tree or leaves daphnomancy plants botanomancy, floromancy lead, molten (motions and figures playing cards cartomancy in) molybdomancy pointed objects aichmomancy leaves phyllomancy; tea-: folio- posture ichnomancy mancy, theimancy random lines or passages of books letters (of a person's name) no- stichomancy mancy, onomancy, onomato- rings dactyliomancy, dactylomancy mancy, onomomancy rod rabdomancy, rhabdomancy lines on the forehead: frontimancy, rooster (choosing grains of corn) metopomancy; on the ground: alectoromancy, alectryomancy geomancy; on the neck: colli- sacred objects, sacrificial offerings mancy; on the palms: cheiro¬ hieromancy mancy, chiromancy; on the soles: sage botanomancy paedomancy, pedomancy salt alomancy, halomancy lip www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comreading labiomancy secret means cryptomancy logarithms logarithmomancy serpents ophiomancy lots cleromancy sheep (shoulder blade) spatula- Lucifer necyomancy mancy magic magastromancy shells conchomancy meteors meteoromancy shield aspidomancy mice movements myomancy shoulder blades (charred or mirrors catoptromancy, enoptro- cracked) armomancy, omo- mancy platoscopy, scapulimancy; ~o/ molten lead (dropped on water) sheep: spatulamancy molybdomancy sieve (suspended on shears) cosci- moon selenomancy nomancy names (including number of letters sleep meconomancy in) nomancy, onomancy, ono- smallest object nearby micromancy matomancy smoke (ascent and motion) capno- neck wrinkles collimancy mancy numbers arithmancy, arithmo- snakes ophiomancy mancy soles of feet (lines on) paedomancy, nursing baby (choice of breast) pedomancy mazomancy soul (emotional and ethical disposi¬ objects offered in sacrifice hiero- tions) psychomancy, thumo- mancy mancy onions cromniomancy, cromnyo- spinning (in a marked circle until mancy dropping) gyromancy Divination • Environment 200 CATEGORIES spots maculomancy umbilical cord (number of knots in) spring of water pegomancy omphalomancy stars astromancy, sideromancy, urine ouromancy, urimancy, urino- uranomancy mancy, uromancy sticks or wands rhabdomancy, xylo- verses or poems rhapsodomancy mancy walking ambulomancy stomach rumblings gastromancy wand rhabdomancy stones (or stone charms) litho- water hydromancy, ydromancy; -in mancy a basin or shallow bowl: cylico- stranger (studying the first one to mancy, kylixomancy, appear) xenomancy lecanomancy; "fountain or straws (burning) sideromancy spring: pegomancy sword machaeromancy wax (melted and dropped in water) teeth odontomancy ceromancy things seen over one's shoulder weather aeromancy, meteoromancy retromancy weights zygomancy thunder brontomancy, cerauno- wheel tracks trochomancy mancy wild animals theriomancy tide (motion and appearance) hy- wind (observation of) aeromancy, dromancy austromancy time chronomancy wine (its color, sound, etc. when tongue hyomancy poured) oenomancy, oinomancy torcwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comh flafne lampadomancy, lychno- wood (pieces of) xylomancy mancy words logomancy tree bark (writing on) stigono- writing on bark of a tree: stigono- mancy mancy; on paper: chartomancy twitching limbs spasmatomancy, spasmodomancy

THE ENVIRONMENT

NOTE: For mammals, birds, insects, and fish, see "Animals" in this section. air aer- (aerate); aeri- (aeriferous); beach littor- (littoral); thino- aero- (aerobic); anemo- (thinolite) (anemometer); atmo- (atmos¬ beech faga- (fagaceous) phere); flat- (flatulent); physo- birch betul- (betulaceous) (physometra) blooming flor- (floriferous); ash tree fraxin- (fraxinella); melia- thalero- (thalerophagous); vig- (meliaceous) ( vigorous) atmosphere -bar (isobar); baro- bog telmat- (telmatology); turbar- (barometric) (turbarian) CATEGORIES 201 Environment box-tree bux- (buxiferous) (Japanese); -ia (India); -ian (Syr¬ branch clado- (cladophyll); rami- ian); -land (Ireland) ( ramify) crater crateri- ( crateriform ) buckthorn rhamn- (rhamneous) cypress cupress- (cupressineous) bud gemm-1 (gemmate) darkness achlu- (achluophobia); bug cimic- (cimicoid); entomo- amaur- (amaurosis); ambly- (am- (entomology); insecti- (insecti¬ blyopia); crépus- (crepuscular); cide); insecto- (insectology). Also fuse- (fuscous); lyg- (lygaeid); see "Animals" in Part III melan- (melatonin); nyct- (nyc- carbon dioxide -capnia (acapnia); titropic); obscur- (obscurity); capno- (capnomancy) tenebr- (tenebrous) cedar cedr- (cedrine) dawn auror- (auroral); eo- (eoso- celestial activity astro- (astronomy) phobia) chasm vorag- (voraginous) day diurn- (diurnal); ephem- clay argillaceo- (arenaceo-argilla- (ephemeris); hemer- (monohe- ceous); argillo- (argillo-calcare- merous); hodiern- (hodiernal); ous); limo- (limo-cretaceous); journ- (journal); quotid- (quotid¬ pelo- (pelophilous) ian) cloud fracto- (fracto-stratus); decomposing enzyme -ase (amy- homichlo- (homichlophobia); lase) mammato- (mammato-cumulus); desert eremo- (eremophyte) nebul- (nebulous); nephelo- dry arid- (aridity); carpho- (nephelometer)www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com; nepho- (nephol¬ (carphology); celo- (celosia); sicc- ogy); nubi- (nubiferous) (desiccate); xero- (xerophyte) coal anthraco- (anthracomancy); dust amath- (amathophobia); coni- carb- (carbonize) (coniosis); -conia (fibroconia); coast littor- (littoral); maritim- conio- (coniofibrosis); conist- (maritime) (conistery); konio- (koniosis); cold alg- (algid); cheima- (cheima- pulver- (pulverize) philic); crymo- (crymophilic); earth agro- (agronomy); -gaea (Pa- cryo- (cryogenics); frigo- (frig¬ leogaea); geo- (geocentric); hum- orifie); gel- (regelation); kryo- inhumation); secul- (secular); (kryometer); pago- (pagophagia); tellur- (intratelluric); terr- (ter¬ psychro (psychrometer); rhigo- restrial); ~quake: seismo- (seis¬ (rhigosis) mograph); tromo-(tromometry) continent epeiro- (epeirogenic) elm ulm- (ulmaceous) cone, pine strobil- (strobiliform) environment eco- (ecology); oeco- copper auricalc- (auricalceous); (oecology); oiko- (oikofugic) chalco- (chalcocite); cupreo- evening crépus- (crépuscule); nocti- (cupreo-violaceous); cupri- (noctilucent); nycto- (nyctopho- (cupriferous); cupro- (cupromag- bia); vesper- (vespertine) nesite); cuproso- (cuproso-ferric) fall autumn- (autumnal) coral coralli- (corallidomous) fern filic- (filiciform); pterido- country rural: rur- (ruralize); rus¬ (pteridology) tic- (rusticity); nation: -ese fir abiet- (abietic) Environment 202 CATEGORIES flax byssi- (byssinosis) (thermonuclear); -thermy flood antlo- (antlophobia); diluv- (diathermy) (diluvial); inund- (inundation) hurricane lilaps- (lilapsophobia) flora -phyte (microphyte); phyto- ice gel- (gelation); glacio- (glacio- (phytogenesis) logical); pago- (pagophagia); ici¬ flower antho- (anthomania); -an- cle: stiri- (stiriated) thous (monanthous); flori- island insul- (insular) (floriferous); -florous (multi¬ isthmus isthm- (isthmian) florous) ivy heder- (hederated) fog calig- (caliginous); homichlo- lake lacus- (lacustrine); limno- (homichlophobia); nebul- (nebu¬ (limnologist) lous); nephelo- (nephelological); land agri- (agrichemical); agro- nepho- (nephology); nubi- (nubi- (agrology); choro- (chorography); form) geo- (geothermal); tellur- (tel¬ forest arbor- (arboreal); dendri- luric); terr- (subterranean) (dendritic); dendro- (dendrophi- larch larix- (larixinic) lous); -dendron (rhododendron); laurel daphn- (daphmomancy) hylaeo- (hylaeosaurus); nemor- leaf bract- (bracteate); clad- (nemoricole); saltu- (saltuary); (cladanthous); foliato- (foliation); silvi- (silviculture); sylv- (sylvan); -folious (multifolious); frondi- xylo- (xylophage) (frondescence); petalo- (petalody); fountain cren- (crenic); pego- -phyll (sporophyll); phyllo- (phyl- www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com(pegomancy) lomania); -phyllous (diphyllous) foxglove digito- (digitalis) lettuce lactuc- (lactucarium) frost cryo- (cryophyte); gel- lightning astra- (astraphobia); ful- (gelid); kryo- (kryometer); gur- (fulgurant); fulmin- (fulmi- pachno- (pacnolite); pago- (pago- nation) phagia); pruin- (pruinose); rhigo- lily lili- (liliform); lirio- (lirioden- (rhigolene) dron) fungus fungi- (fungicide); -mycete linden tilia- (tiliaceous) (schizomycete); myceto- (myce- maple acer- (aceric) toma); -mycin (streptomycin); marble marm- (marmoreal) myco- (mycology); uredo- (ure- marsh helo- (helobius); palud- dospore) (paludicolous); palus- (palus- garden horti- (horticultural) trine); ulig- (uliginous) glacier glacio- (glaciologist) meadow prat- (pratal) granite graniti- (granitiform) meteorological front fronto- (fron- grass gramin- (graminivorous) togenesis) hawthorn crataeg- (crataegin) mineral -ite (anthracite); -lite holly ilic- (ilicic) (chrysolite) hot aestu- (exaestuating); cale- mist calig- (caliginous); homichlo- (caleficient); calo- (caloreceptor); (homichlophobia); nebul- (nebu¬ caum-; (caumesthesia) calori- lous); nephelo- (nephelological); (calorimetry); ferv- (effervesce); nepho- (nephology); nubi- (nubi- pyro- (pyromania); thermo- form) CATEGORIES 203 Environment mistletoe ixo- (ixolite) (pinaceous); ~cone: strobil- (stro- moisture humect- (humectant); biliform) hydro- (hydrobiology); hygro- plants -aceae (Rosaceae); -ad (hygrophyte); ulig- (uliginose) (cycad); -aies (Liliales); botano- moon luni- (lunisolar); lunu- (botanomancy); -eae (Grami- (lunulate); seleno- (selenodesy) neae); herbi- (herbicidal); -ia moss bryo- (bryophytic), musc- (zinnia); -phyte (macrophyte); (emuscation); sphagn- (sphag- phyto- (phytography); vegeti- nous); splachn- (splachnoid) (vegetivorous); vegeto- (vegeto- mountain mont- (ultramontane); alkaline) oro- (orogeny); ~ash: sorb- (sor- pollen pollini- (pollinosis) bose) pond lacus (lacuscular); limno- mud lim- (limivorous); pelo- (limnophilous); stagn- (stagnai) (peloid) poppy mecon- (meconidine); opio- mulberry mor- (moriform); mur- (opiomania); papaver- (papaver¬ (muriform) ous) mushroom myco- (mycotoxin) precipice cremno- (cremnophobia) myrtle myrti- (myrtiform) purslain portulac- (portulaceous) nettle cnido- (cnidophore); urtic- pyrites pyrito- (pyritohedron) (urticaceous) quicksand syrt- (syrtic) night -crépus- (crépuscule); nocti- radiant emissions aurora- (aurora (noctiluca); nycta- (nyctalopia); australis) nyctiwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- (nyctitropism); nycto- rain hyeto- (hyetograph); imbri- (nyctophobia); vesper- (vespertil- (imbriferous); ombro- (ombrom¬ ionine); all~: -pannychy (psych- eter); pluvio- (pluviograph) pannychy) reservoir lacco- (laccolite) oak querc- (quercitron) river amn- (amnicolist); flum- ocean enalio- (enaliosaur); halo- (fluminal); fluvio- (fluvio-terres- (halosaurian); mari- (maricul- trial); potamo- (potamologist); ture); naut- (nautical); nav- (nav¬ rip- (riparian) igation); pelag- (archipelago); tha- rock -ite (anthracite); lapid- (lap¬ lasso- (thalassocracy); thalatto- idary); -lithic (neolithic); litho- (thalattology) (lithotomy); pesso- (pessomancy); orchid orchido- (orchidology) pétri- (pétrification); petro- (pet- oxygen oxa- (oxazine); oxy- (oxy- roglyph); rupes- (rupestrine); acid) rupic- (rupicolous); saxi- (saxi¬ ozone ozono- (ozonosphère) frage) peat bog turbar- (turbary) rose rhodo- (rhodochrosite); roseo- pebble calcul- (calculous); pesso- (roseola) (pessomancy); psepho- (psephol- rue rut- (rutaceous) sand ammo- (ammocete); aren- peninsula cherson- (chersonese) (arenicolous); arenacio- (arena- petal petuli- (petuliform); -sepalous cio-argillaceous); psammo- (trisepalous) (psammophilous); sabul- (sabu- pine -peuce (peucedaneous); pin- losity); saburr- (saburration) Environment 204 CATEGORIES sea enalio- (enaliosaur); halo- (culmicolous); festuc- (festucine); (halosaurian); mari- (maricul- stramin- (stamineous) ture); naut- (nautical); nav- (nav¬ stream fluvio- (fluviomarine); igation); pelag- (archipelago); tria- potam- (potamoplankton); rip- lasso- (thalassocracy); thalatto- riparian) (thalattology); ~shore: thino- sun helio- (heliotropic); sol- (solar¬ (thinolite) ium) seasons horo- (horology); fall: swamp palud- (paludism); palus- autumn- (autumnal); spring: (palustrine) vern- (vernal); summer: aestiv- tendril cirri- (cirrigerous); cirro- (aestival); winter: hibern- (hiber¬ (cirro-pinnate); pampin- nal); hiem- (hiemal) (pampiniform) seaweed fuc- (fucivorous); phyceae- thunder bronte- (bronteon); (Rhodophyceae); -phyceous bronto- (brontology); cerauno- (Rhodophyceous); phyco- (phy- (ceraunoscope); fulmin- (ful- cology) minic); kerauno- (keraunograph); shell conchi- (conchiferous); lorica- tonitr- (tonitrual) (illoricated); -ostraca (Lep- tornado lilaps- (lilapsophobia) tostraca); ostraco- (ostracoderm); tree arbor- (arboreal); dendri- testaceo- (testaceology) (dendritic); dendro- (dendrophi- shore littor- (littoral) lous); -dendron (rhododendron); shrub fruticuloso- (fruticuloso- silvi- (silviculture); xylo- (xylo- ramosewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) phage) sky coeli- (coelicolist) twigs ramul- (ramulose); sarment- snow chion- (chionodoxa); -chium (sarmentaceous); scopi- (scopi- (hedychium); ning- (ninguid); form); surcul- (surculose); virgul- niv- (niveous) (virgulation) soil agro- (agronomy); edaph- twilight crépus- (crepuscular); lyg- (edaphic); hum- (exhumation); (lygaeid) paedo- (paedogenic); pedo- universe -cosm (macrocosm); (pedology); terr- (terrarium) cosmo- (cosmology) spring of water cren-2 (crenic); vegetation -aceae (Rosaceae); -ad pego- (pegomancy) (cycad); -ales (Liliales); botano- star aster- (asteraceous); astro- (botanomancy); -eae (Gramineae); (astonomy); -sidere (hagiosidere); herbi- (herbicidal); -ia (zinnia); - sidero- (siderostat); stelli- (stellif- phyte (macrophyte); phyto- (phy- erous) tography); vegeti- (vegetivorous); stone -ite (anthracite); lapid- (lap¬ vegeto- (vegeto-alkaline) idary); -lithic (neolithic); litho- vine ampel- (ampélopsis); pampin- (lithotomy); pesso- (pessomancy); (pampiniform); viti- (viticulture) pétri- (pétrification); petro- (pet- water aqua- (aquatic); aque- (aque¬ roglyph); rupes- (rupestrine); duct); aqui- (aquiclude); hydro- rupic- (rupicolous); saxi- (sax¬ (hydrophilous); hyeto- (hyetol- ifrage) ogy); hygro- (hygrometry); rip- straw carpho- (carphology); culmi- riparian) CATEGORIES 205 Environment • Fear or Dislike.. weed rune- (runcation) gous); ligni- (lignivorous); ligno- well phreato- (phreatic); putea- (lignoceric); xylo- (xylophage); (puteal) -xylous (epixylous); ylo- (ylo- whirlpool vorag- (voraginous) mancy) willow itea- (iteatic); salic- (salica- woods nemor- (nemoricole); saltu- ceous) (saltuary); silv- (silvics); sylv- wind anemo- (anemometer); vent- ( sylvan) ventilation); north-: -borea (bo¬ world -cosm (macrocosm); cosmo- real); south-: austro- (austro- (cosmography); -gaea (Paleo- mancy); west-: zephyro- ( zephyr - gaea); mund- (mundane); secul- anth); favon- (favonian) (secular); tellur- (telluric); terr- wood erio- (eriometer); hyle- (terrain) (hylephobia); hylo- (hylopha- yew tax- (taxaceous)

FEAR OR DISLIKE OF...

To extract the word part, simply drop "phobia" from each word. abusewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, sexual contreltophobia ashes of cremation spodophobia accidents dystichiphobia asymmetry asymmetriphobia acid soils acidophobia atomic explosions atomosophobia acorns balanophobia bacteria bacteriophobia, microbio- aging gerascophobia phobia air aerophobia, anemophobia, baldness peladophobia, phalacro- pneumatophobia phobia airplanes aeronautophobia, aero¬ banners/bumper stickers vexillo- phobia, aviatophobia, avionopho- phobia bia, aviophobia base or low pursuits tapinophobia airsickness aeronausiphobia bats desmodontophobia, pteropo- alkaline soils basiphobia, basopho- phobia bia beaches thinophobia alligators eusuchophobia beards pogonophobia amnesia amensiophobia, amnesi- bears arctophobia phobia beds clinophobia ancestors patroiophobia bees apiophobia, apiphobia, anger cholerophobia melissophobia angina anginophobia beggars/street people ptocho- animals zoophobia; wild-: agrizoo- phobia phobia, theriophobia being afraid phobophobia ants myrmecophobia being alone autophobia, mono- arts and crafts technophobia phobia, eremophobia Fear or Dislike of... 206 CATEGORIES being beaten rhabdophobia, vapu- cats aelurophobia, ailurophobia, lophobia elurophobia, felinophobia, galeo- being beautiful callophobia phobia, gatophobia being bound merinthophobia caves speleophobia being buried alive taphephobia, Celts Celtophobia taphophobia cemeteries coimetrophobia being burned caustophobia changes tropophobia, metathesio- being clean balneophobia phobia being contagious tapinophobia chatter, meaningless garrulophobia being dirty automysophobia chemicals chemophobia being pinched rrhexophobia chickens alektorophobia being ridiculed catagelophobia childbirth lochiophobia, maieusio- being scolded enissophobia phobia, parturiphobia, tocopho- being scratched amychophobia bia being shot ballistophobia children pediophobia, pedophobia being stared at ophthalmophobia, China/the Chinese Sinophobia scopophobia, scoptophobia chins geniophobia bicycles cyclophobia choking pnigerophobia, pnigopho- birds ornithophobia bia Blacks negrophobia cholera cholerophobia blindness scotomaphobia, typhlo- churches ecclesiaphobia phobiwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.coma clergy hierophobia blood haemaphobia, hemaphobia, clocks/watches chronometrophobia hematophobia, hemophobia closed spaces claustrophobia, blushing ereuthophobia, erythro- cleisiophobia, cleithrophobia, phobia, erytophobia dithrophobia boasting kompophobia clothes vestiphobia, vestiophobia boats scaphophobia clouds nephophobia body odor autodysosmophobia, cockroaches blattophobia bromidrosiphobia coitus coitophobia bogs telmatophobia books bibliophobia cold cheimaphobia, cheimatopho- boozing dipsophobia bia, frigophobia, psychrophobia, breasts, developing mastophobia psychropophobia bridges gephyrophobia colors chromatophobia, chromo- brothers adelphophobia phobia; black: melanophobia; buffoons balatrophobia blue: caerulophobia; brown: fus- bulls taurophobia cophobia; copper: chalcophobia; buttocks pygophobia gold: aureophobia; gray: phaeo- buzzards buteophobia phobia; green: verdophobia; cancer carcinophobia, carcino- orange: aurantiphobia; purple: porphyrophobia; red: erythro- matophobia phobia; silver: argentophobia; cars ochophobia; riding in~: tan: fulvophobia; violet: indo- amaxophobia phobia; white: leukophobia; yel¬ cattle boustrophobia low: xanthophobia CATEGORIES 207 Fear of Dislike of... comets cometophobia pathophobia; specific*: mono- commitment zygophobia pathophobia computers cyberphobia, computer- disorder ataxiophobia, ataxo- phobia phobia constipation coprostasophobia dizziness dinophobia, vertigopho- cooking mageiricophobia bia corpse necrophobia doctors iatrophobia crevices chasmophobia dogs cynophobia, kynophobia criticism enissophobia dolls paedophobia, pediophobia, critics criticophobia pedophobia, cross or crucifix staurophobia double vision diplopiaphobia, crossing a bridge gephyrophobia diplophobia crossing busy streets agylophobia, drafts aerophobia, anemophobia agyrophobia, dromophobia dreams oneirophobia crowds demophobia, enochlo- drink alcoholophobia, dipso- phobia, ochlophobia manophobia, methyphobia, poto- crystals crystallophobia phobia cyclones anemophobia drugs pharmacophobia dampness hygrophobia dryness xerophobia dancing choreophobia, choropho- duration chronophobia bia, orchestrophobia dust amathophobia, koniophobia; darkness achluophobia, lygopho- dusty surfaces: conistrophobia biawww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com, nyctophobia, scotophobia dwarfs nanophobia dawn eosophobia earthquakes seismophobia daylight phengophobia eating phagophobia death necrophobia, thanatophobia eels anguillophobia decaying matter pythophobia, sep- electricity electrophobia tophobia emotions thymophobia defecation, painful defecalgesio- empty rooms cenophobia, keno- phobia phobia deformity dysmorphophobia England/the English Anglophobia demons and devils daemono- erection maintaining: ithyphallo- phobia, demonophobia, necyo- phobia; loss of: medomalaco- phobia phobia dental work dentophobia, odonto- everything panophobia, panphobia, phobia pantaphobia, pantophobia dependence soteriophobia excrement coprophobia, kopropho- depth bathophobia bia, scatophobia design or ultimate ends teleopho- exhaustion kopophobia bia experimenting peirophobia diabetes diabetophobia eyes ommatophobia, ommetapho- dinner parties deipnophobia bia; ~ opening: optophobia dirt misophobia, molysmophobia, fabrics textophobia mysophobia, rhypophobia faces prosopophobia disease loimophobia, nosophobia, failure atychiphobia, kakorraphia- Fear or Dislike of... 208 CATEGORIES

phobia, kakorraphiophobia, frogs batrachophobia kakorrhaphiophobia frost cryophobia, pagophobia, fainting asthenophobia rhigophobia falling basophobia fun cherophobia falling downstairs climacophobia funeral rites epicidiophobia, thre- falling in love philophobia natophobia fat lipophobia, obesiophobia fur doraphobia father-in-law soceraphobia gambling aleaphobia Fathers of the early church patero- garlic alliumphobia, scorophobia phobia gay people homophobia fatigue kopophobia, ponophobia genitals: genitophobia;/ema/e~; fear phobophobia colpophobia, eurotophobia, feathers pteronophobia kolpophobia; male-: phallopho- feces coprophobia, koprophobia, bia scatophobia Germany/the Germans Germano- fever febriphobia, pyrexeophobia, phobia, Teutophobia, Teutono- pyrexiophobia phobia fighting machophobia germs bacillophobia, bacteriopho- filth rhypophobia, rypophobia, bia, spermophobia rupophobia ghosts phantasmophobia, phasmo- fire arsonophobia, pyrophobia phobia, spectrophobia fish ichthyophobia glass crystallophobia, hyalophobia, flasheswww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com selaphobia hyelophobia, vitreophobia flatulence physaphobia God deiphobia, theophobia flood antlophobia going to bed clinophobia flowers anthophobia gold aurophobia flute aulophobia good news euphobia flying aeronautophobia, aeropho¬ graves taphophobia bia, aviatophobia, avionophobia, gravity barophobia aviophobia Greece/the Greeks Grecophobia, fog homichlophobia, nebulaphobia, Hellenophobia nephophobia growing old gerascophobia, geron- food cibophobia, sitiophobia, sito- tophobia phobia, hair chaetophobia, trichophobia; foreigners xenophobia curly-: ulophobia; -disease: foreplay malaxophobia, paizopho- trichopathophobia; excessive-: bia, sarmassophobia hypertrichophobia forests hylephobia, hylophobia, Halloween Samhainophobia xylophobia, ylophobia happiness cherophobia fountains pegophobia heart attack or disease anginopho- France/the French Francophobia, bia, cardiophobia Gallophobia heat thermophobia freedom eleutherophobia heaven ouranophobia, uranophobia French kissing cataglottophobia heights: looking down: acrophobia, friendship sociophobia altophobia, batophobia, hypsi- CATEGORIES 209 Fear or Dislike of...

phobia, hypsophobia; looking up: itching acarophobia, scabiophobia anablephobia, anablepophobia Japan/the Japanese Japanophobia hell Avernophobia, Hadephobia, jealousy zelophobia stygiophobia Jews Judaeophobia, Judeophobia, heredity patroiophobia Judophobia heresy heresiophobia jumping catapedaphobia holy things hagiophobia, hiero- justice dikephobia phobia kidney disease albuminurophobia home and environment domato- killing dacnophobia phobia, ecophobia, oecophobia, kissing philemaphobia, philemato- oikophobia; returning-: nosto- phobia; tongue-: cataglottopho- phobia bia homosexuals homophobia kleptomania kleptophobia hornets vespiphobia knees genuphobia horses equinophobia, hippophobia knowledge epistemophobia, hospitals nosocomephobia gnosiophobia human beings anthropophobia lacerations sparassophobia hurricanes lilapsophobia ladders scalaphobia hydrophobia hydrophobophobia lakes limnophobia hypnotism hypnophobia, mes- large objects megalophobia merophobia laughter gelophobia ice cryophobia, gelophobia lawsuits litigaphobia ideawww.IELTS4U.blogfa.coms gnotophobia, ideophobia learning sophophobia illness nosophobia, pathophobia; left side levophobia, sinistrophobia specific-: monopathophobia; leprosy lepraphobia, leprophobia wasting-: tabophobia lice pediculophobia, phthiriophobia immobility of a joint ankylophobia light phengophobia, photophobia; imperfection atelophobia glaring-: photoaugiaphobia, pho- inability to stand basiphobia, baso- toaugiophobia phobia lightning astraphobia, astrapopho- infection molysmophobia, myso- bia phobia, septophobia liquids aquaphobia, hygrophobia infinity apeirophobia lizards stelliophobia injections trypanophobia lobsters homariphobia injury traumatophobia lockjaw tetanophobia insanity dementophobia, lysso- loneliness eremiphobia, eremopho¬ phobia, maniaphobia bia insects acarophobia, entomo- long waits macrophobia phobia, insectophobia, isoptero- loud noise ligyrophobia phobia; stinging-: cnidophobia love philophobia Ireland/the Irish Celtophobia, lying mythophobia Hibernophobia machines mechanophobia irrational destruction atephobia many things polyphobia isolation eremophobia marriage gametophobia, gamopho- Italy/Italians Italophobia bia, nuptophobia Fear or Dislike of... 210 CATEGORIES materialism hylephobia needles aichmophobia, belono- meat carnophobia, kreophobia phobia medicine pharmacophobia neglect of duty paralipophobia meeting people anthropophobia new things cainophobia, cainoto- memories mnemophobia, nosto- phobia, cenotophobia, kainopho- phobia bia, kainotophobia, neophobia men androphobia, arrhenophobia night noctiphobia, nyctophobia meningitis meningitophobia nipples, being seen through cloth¬ menstruation menophobia ing thelophobia metals metallophobia nocturnal emissions oneirogmo- meteors meteorophobia phobia mice muriphobia, murophobia, noise acousticophobia, ligyro- myosophobia phobia, phonophobia microbes bacilliphobia, microbio- Northern lights auroraphobia phobia, microphobia nosebleeds epistaxiophobia milk galactophobia nuclear weapons nucleomitophobia mind psychophobia nudity gymnophobia, nudiphobia, mirrors catoptrophobia, eisoptro- nudophobia phobia, spectrophobia numbers arithmophobia, numero- missiles ballistophobia phobia; uneven-: perissophobia mistletoe ixophobia nurses threpterophobia mites acarophobia nutritional food threptophobia moisturwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.come hygrophobia oceans thalassophobia money chrematophobia odors olfactophobia, ophresiopho- monotony homophobia bia, osmophobia, osphresiopho- monstrosities teratophobia bia; foul~: bromidrophobia, bro- moon selenophobia midrosiphobia mornings matutinophobia old people gerontophobia mortality thriptophobia one thing monophobia mother-in-law pentheraphobia oneself autophobia moths phalaenophobia open spaces agoraphobia, cenopho- motion kinesophobia, kinetophobia bia, kenophobia; high-: aeroacro- motor vehicles motorphobia phobia mountains orophobia opinions of others allodoxaphobia mummies mummiphobia opposite sex heterophobia mushrooms mycophobia otters lutraphobia music melophobia, musicophobia myths mythophobia owls strigiphobia names nomatophobia, onomato- pain algiaphobia, algophobia, odynephobia, odynophobia, phobia ponophobia; from light sensitiv¬ narcotics lethophobia, meconopho- ity: photaugiaphobia, photaugio- bia phobia narrowness anginaphobia, steno- pairs didymophobia phobia paper papyrophobia navels omphalophobia parasites parasitophobia, pothirio- CATEGORIES 211 Fear or Dislike of.. phobia, trypanophobia, vermino- quarrels rixophobia phobia quicksand syrtophobia parents-in-law soceraphobia rabies hydrophobophobia, lysso- peace eirenophobia phobia peanut butter arachibutyrophobia railways siderodromophobia pellagra pellagrophobia rain hyetophobia, ombrophobia, penis: peophobia; erect~: ithyphal- pluviophobia lophobia, medorthophobia; visi¬ rape stupraphobia, virgivitiphobia ble contour of~: medectophobia rattlesnakes crotalophobia people anthropophobia, demo- razors xyrophobia phobia rectal disease proctophobia, recto- perfume myrophobia phobia philosophy philosophobia referring to oneself autophoby physical love erotophobia relatives syngenesophobia places topophobia religion theophobia planning for the future teleophobia religious ceremonies teletophobia plants botanophobia reproach enissophobia, enisiopho- pleasure hedonophobia bia poetry metrophobia, musophobia responsibility hypegiaphobia, hy- pointed objects aichmophobia, pengyophobia, paralipophobia aichurophobia reptiles batrachophobia, herpeto- poisowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comn iophobia, toxicophobia, phobia toxiphobia, toxophobia ridicule catagelophobia, katagelo- politicians politicophobia phobia pollen palynophobia riding in a car amaxophobia right side dextrophobia popes papaphobia rivers potamophobia poverty peniaphobia robbers harpaxophobia precipices cremnophobia room full of people koinoniphobia pregnancy maieusiophobia, toco- ruin atephobia phobia Russia/the Russians Russophobia prickly objects echinophobia rust iophobia, rubigophobia progress prosophobia sacred things hagiophobia, hiero- propriety orthophobia phobia prostitutes cyprianophobia, cypri- sadness lypephobia dophobia, cypriphobia, cyprino- saints hagiophobia phobia, scortophobia salt halophobia public places agoraphobia sand psammophobia public speaking glossophobia Satan Satanophobia pumpkins, especially jack-o'- sausage allantophobia lanterns pepophobia scabies scabiophobia punishment mastigophobia, poine- scarring ulophobia phobia, rhabdophobia school didaskaleinophobia, scho- puppets pupaphobia lionophobia purposive effort hormephobia scissors forficophobia pus pyophobia Fear or Dislike of... 212 CATEGORIES scotomas scotomaphobia society anthropophobia, sociopho- scratches amychophobia bia sea pelagophobia, thalassophobia solitude autophobia, eremiophobia, secretions crinophobia eremophobia, ermitophobia, secrets calyptophobia isolophobia, monophobia semen spermatophobia, spermo- sorcery veneficophobia phobia sound acousticophobia -of certain sermons homilophobia, keryopho- words: onomatophobia bia sourness acerbophobia, acero- sexual intercourse coitophobia, phobia cypridophobia, erotophobia, spasms choreophobia genophobia speaking aloud phonophobia sexual perversion paraphobia speech defect laliophobia, lalo- shadows sciaphobia, sciophobia phobia sharks carcharinophobia, selacho- speed tachophobia phobia spiders arachnephobia, arachno- sharp objects aichmophobia, be- phobia lonophobia spiny creatures echinophobia shellfish ostraconophobia spirits demonophobia, phantasma- shock hormephobia phobia, pneumatiphobia, spectro- sinning enissophobia, enosiopho- phobia bia, hamartophobia, peccatipho- stage fright prosceniophobia, www.IELTS4U.blogfa.combia, peccatophobia topophobia sisters sororophobia stairs climacophobia sitting cathisophobia, kathisopho- standing or walking basiphobia, bia, thaasophobia basophobia, basistasiphobia, skin dermatophobia basostasophobia, stasibasiphobia, skin diseases dermatopathophobia, stasiphobia, stasobasiphobia, dermatosiophobia stasophobia skin of animals doraphobia stars astrophobia, siderophobia skunks mephitophobia statues agalmaphobia sleep hypnophobia, somniphobia staying single anuptaphobia slime blennophobia, myxophobia stealing cleptophobia, kleptophobia small objects microphobia, tapino- stepfather vitricophobia phobia stepmother novercaphobia smells olfactophobia, osmophobia, stillness eremophobia, hesyphobia osphresiophobia stings cnidophobia smoke capnophobia stooping kyphophobia, scolio- smothering pnigerophobia, pnigo- phobia phobia strangers xenophobia snakes herpetophobia, ophicio- streets agyiophobia, agryophobia; phobia, ophidiophobia, ophio- crossing-: dromophobia phobia string linonophobia snoring rhonchophobia stuttering psellismophobia snow chionophobia sun heliophobia, phengophobia CATEGORIES 213 Fear or Dislike of... surgical operations ergasiophobia, tornadoes lilapsophobia tomophobia touching or being touched aphe- swallowing phagophobia phobia, chiroptophobia, haphe- swamps paludophobia phobia, hapnophobia, hapte- sweating sudoriophobia phobia, haptophobia, thixo- symbolism semiophobia, symbolo- phobia phobia train travel siderodromophobia symmetry [in Egyptian temples, traitors proditophobia Japanese art, etc.] symmetro- travel dromophobia, hodophobia phobia trees dendrophobia syphilis luetiphobia, syphilidopho- trembling tremophobia bia, syphiliphobia, syphilophobia trichinosis trichinophobia talking glossophobia, laliophobia, tuberculosis phthisiophobia, lalophobia, phonophobia phthisophobia, tuberculophobia tapeworms taeniiphobia, taenio- Turks Turcophobia phobia, teniophobia tyrants tyrannophobia taste geumaphobia, geumatopho- ugliness cacophobia bia, geumophobia; sour-: acerbo- ulcers helcophobia phobia; sweet-: hedisophobia undressing deshabillophobia technology technophobia urinating urophobia teeth odontophobia vaccinations vaccinophobia teleology teleophobia vampires vespertiliophobia telephonewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.coms telephonophobia vegetables lachanophobia termites isopterophobia vehicles amaxophobia, ochophobia theaters theatrophobia venereal disease cyprianophobia, theology theologicophobia cypridophobia, cyprinophobia, thieves cleptophobia, kleptophobia, cypriphobia, venereophobia harpaxophobia vermin verminophobia thinking phronemophobia vertigo illyngophobia thirst dipsophobia virginity, losing esodophobia, thirteen tredecaphobia, trideca- primeisophobia phobia, triakaidekaphobia, triska- virgins parthenophobia dekaphobia, triskaidekaphobia vomiting emetophobia thunder brontophobia, cerauno- walking ambulophobia, basiphobia, phobia, keraunophobia, tonitro- basophobia, bathmophobia phobia warfare polemophobia tickling with feathers pterono- warts verruciophobia phobia washing oneself ablutophobia, bal- ticks acarophobia neophobia time chronophobia wasps spheksophobia toads batrachophobia, bufono- wasting sickness tabophobia phobia water aquaphobia, hydrophobia tombs taphophobia; -stones: placo- waves cymophobia, kymophobia phobia wax cerophobia tooth decay cariophobia weakness asthenophobia Fear or Dislike of... • Food 214 CATEGORIES wealth chrematophobia, chryso- women feminophobia, gynephobia, phobia, plutophobia gynophobia; beautiful-: calligy- weapons hoplophobia nephobia, venustaphobia weasels galeophobia wood hylephobia, hylophobia, xylo- weight, gaining obesiophobia, pro- phobia, ylophobia crescophobia words logophobia, verbophobia; werewolves lycophobia long~: sesquipedalophobia whirlpools dinophobia work ergasiophobia, ergophobia, whispering psithurophobia ponophobia white leukophobia worms helminthophobia, scoleci- wickedness scelerophobia phobia, vermiphobia wild animals agrizoophobia, wounds traumatophobia theriophobia wrinkles rhytiphobia wind ancraophobia, anemiaphobia, writing graphophobia, scriptopho- anemophobia bia windows fenestrophobia x-rays radiophobia wine enophobia, oenophobia, oino- yawning oscitophobia phobia young girls parthenophobia winter cheimaphobia zombies basinecrophobia www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com FOOD

Nonvegetarians should also see "Animals. " acorn balan- (balaniferous); gland- blueberry vaccin- (vaccinium) ( glandiferous) bran furfur- (furfuraceous); pityr- almond amygdalo- (amygdala- (pityroid) ceous) bread arto- (artophagous); pan- apple mali- (maliform); pom- (panivorous) (pomaceous) breakfast jent- (jentacular) avocado pers- (persea) butter butyro- (butyraceous) banana musa- (musaceous) cabbage brassic- (brassicacious) barley alphito- (alphitomancy); carbohydrate -ose (fructose) crith- (crithology); horde- cashew anacard- (anacardic) (hordeaceous); ptis-(ptisan) cereal frument- (frumentaceous) bean cyam- (cyamoid); fab- (faba- cheese case- (casefy); tyro- (tyro- ceous); phaseol- (phaseolous) mancy) beer cervis- (cervisial) cherry ceras- (cerasin) belch ruct- (eructation) chestnut aescul- (aesculin); castan- berry acin- (acinaceous); baccat- (castaneous) baccate; bacci- (bacciferous); chew manduc- (manducation); cocci- (coccigerous) mastic- (mastication) CATEGORIES 215 Food citric citro- (citron) line); uvi- (uviform); uvu- cook -coct- (decoction); mageir- (uvula); vini- (viniculture); vino- (mageiricophobia); magir- (vinosity); viti- (viticulture) (magiric) hickory cichor- (cichoraceous) corn frument- (frumentation); honey melli- (melliferous) spici- (spiciferous) kidney bean phaseol- (phaseolous) cucumber cucumi- (cucumiform) leek porr- (porraceous); praso- cultivation -ponic (hydroponics) (prasophagous) digest chyli- (chyliferous); chymo- lime tilia- (tiliaceous) (chymotrypsin)-; peps- (pepsino- lunch prand- (prandial) gen); pept- (peptic); pepto- (pep- meal cen- (cenatory); coen- togenic) (coenaculous); deipno- (deipno¬ dill aneth- (anethated) phobia); prand- (anteprandial) dinner deipno- (deipnophobia); meat -burger (hamburger); carni- prand- (postprandial) (carnivore); carnoso- (carnosity) drink -ade (lemonade); bib- (bibu¬ mint menth- (menthaceous) lous); pino- (pinocytosis); pocul- mustard sinap- (sinapistic) (poculent); poto- (potomania) nutmeg myrist- (myristic) eating alim- (alimentation); bro- oats aveni- (avenaceous) mato- (bromatology); -brotic onion cep- (cepous); cromny- (scolecobrotic); cib- (cibarious); ( cromnyomancy ) comestwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- (comestible); ed- (edi¬ orange hesperid- (hesperidine) ble); escul- (esculent); gust- (gus¬ parsley petrosel- (petroseline) tatory); manduc- (manducation); pea pisi- (pisiform) mastic- (mastication); -phagous peach persic- (persicaria) (creophagous); -phagy (anthro¬ peanut arach- (arachidic) pophagy); -sitia (asitia); sitio- (sitiophobia); -troph (hetero- pear apio- (apiocrinite); piri- (piri- troph); -trophic (heterotrophic); form); pyri- (pyriform) -trophy (hypertrophy); -vora pepper piper- (piperic) (Carnivora); -vore (herbivore); - pineapple bromel- (bromeliaceous) vorous (omnivorous) pomegranate balaust- (balaustine) pumpkin pepo- (pepon) fig fici- (ficiform); syc- (sycoma) fruit -carp (endocarp); -carpic (en- radish raphan- (raphania) docarpic); carpo- (carpophore); rice oryzi- (oryzivorous); rizi- (rizi- -carpous (monocarpous); frug- form) (frugivorous); pomi- (pomiform); salad acetar- (acetarious) porno- (pomology) salt halo- (halophile); sali- (desali¬ garlic scoro- (scorodite) nation); salino- (salinometric); grain farr- (confarreate); farrag- sals- (salsamentarious) (farraginous); frument- (frumen- sandwich -burger (cheeseburger) taceous); grani- (granivorous) sausage allanto- (allantoid); botul- grape acini- (aciniform); botry- (botuliform) (botryose); racem- (racemiform); strawberry fragar- (fragarol) rhag- (rhagite); staphylo- (staphy- sugar gluco- (glucose); glycero- (glycerol); glyco- (glycosuria); Food • Location 216 CATEGORIES

levul- (lévulose); saccharo- (sac- vegeti- (vegetivorous); vegeto- charometer); sucr- (sucrose) (vegetarian) tea thei- (theiform) walnut juglan- (juglandaceous) truffle hydno- (hydnocarpous) wheat silig- (siliginous); tritic- turnip napi- (napiform) (triticeous) vegetable lachan- (lachanopolist); yam dioscorea- (dioscoreaceous) oler- (oleraceous); olit- (olitory);

LOCATION above ano- (anocarpous); epi- (epi¬ eso- (esoenteritis); il- (illumi¬ dermis); ob- (obliterate); over- nate); im- (implosion); in- (incar¬ (overhang); super- (superscript); cerate); intero- (interoceptor); ir- supra- (supraliminal); sur- (sur¬ (irradiate); intra- (intramural); base) intro- (introspection) across dia- (diameter); per- (pere- left laeo- (laeotropic) laevo- grinaion); trans- (transmit); (laevorotatory) levo- (levogyrate) transverso- (transverso-cubital) sinistro- (sinistrorse) apex -apical (periapical); apico- middle centri- (centripetal); cen- (apicotomywww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com) tro- (centrolineal); -centric behind after- (afterburner); back- (heliocentric); medi- (medieval); (backdrop); meta- (metaster- medio- (mediodorsal); mes- num); opistho- (opisthotic); post- (mesallantoid); mesati- (mesati- (postscenium); postero- (postero- cephalic); mesio- (mesio-sinis- lateral); retro- (retrocopulant) tral); meso- (mesothorax); mezzo- between/among dia- (diagnosis); (mezzotint); mid- (midsection) enter- (entergrave); entre- (en¬ near ad- (adjoining); by- (by¬ tr'acte); epi- (epidemic); inter- stander); cis- (cismontane); epi- (interval) (epicenter); juxta- (juxtapose); distant tele- (television) para- (parametric); peri- front ante- (antependium); antero- (perigee); prox- (approximal) (anteroparietal); fore- (forefront); proximo- (proximocephalic) pre- (preaortic); pro- (prosce¬ outside ecto- (ectoparasite); epi- nium); proso- (prosogaster) (epidermis); exo- (exoskeleton); high(er) aero- (acrocephaly); alti- extero- (exteroceptor); extra- (ex¬ (altitude); alto- (alto-relievo); traterritorial); extro- (extrovert); hypsi- (hypsistenocephalic); out- (outhouse); para- (paradox); hypso- (hypsometry); super- prêter- (preternatural) superstructure) right dexio- (dexiotropic); dextro- inside eis- (eisegesis); em- (embed¬ (dextrorse) ded); en- (enclose); endo- (en- surrounding ambi- (ambiance); doskeleton); ento- (entoparasite); amphi- (amphithecium); be- CATEGORIES 217 Location • Negatives

(beset); circum- (circumference); logue); ob- (obtrude); super- (su¬ peri- (periotic) perstructure); sur- (surcharge) through dia- (diaphanous); per- with co- (coterminous); col- (col¬ (percolate); trans- (transparent); league); com- (commingle); con- -wide (worldwide) convulse); cor- (correlate); under hypo- (hypodermic); infero- hama- (hamadryad); inter- (inter¬ (inferoposterior); infra- (infra¬ mixed); para- (parataxis); syl- structure); sub- (subscript); sub- (syllable); sym- (symbiosis); sym- ter- (subterfluent); under- (un¬ phyo- (symphyogenesis); sym- derpinning) physio- (symphysiorrhaphy); syn- upon ana- (anaclisis); epi- (epi¬ (synagogue); sys- (system)

NEGATIVES a- pre not; without (atypical) in- pre not; opposite of (inarticu¬ ab- pre away from (absorbent) late) an- pre not; without (anorexia) ir- pre not; opposite of (irreverent) anti- pre opposite of; against (anti¬ -less suf without; unable to (rest¬ dote) less) apowww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- pre detached; apart (apogamy) lipo- comb lacking; leaving (lipog- -atresia comb absence of an opening raphy) (proctatresia) mal- pre poorly; not (malnutrition) atreto- comb absence of an opening mis- pre wrongly; not (misalign¬ (atretocyst) ment) cata- pre against (catachresis) miso- comb antipathy; hatred (mis- contra- pre opposite; against (con¬ ocainea) travene) ne- pre not; opposite of (nescient) counter- comb opposite; against nihil- base nothingness (annihilate) (counter-clockwise) no- pre not any (no-load) de- pre deprived of; apart (devalua¬ non- pre not; absence of (nonaller- tion) genic) dis- pre apart; opposite (disengage) nulli- pre none (nulliparous) dys- pre badly; not correct (dys¬ ob- pre against; inverse (obliterate) functional) -priv- base lacking; taken away (de¬ ectro- comb missing; absent (ectro- privation) melia) un- pre not; reversal (unimagin¬ ex- pre former; deprived of (ex- able) member) with- pre apart; opposed (with¬ il- pre not; opposite of (illicit) stand) im- pre not; opposite of (impartial) Numbers 218 CATEGORIES

NUMBERS

0 nulli- (nullipara) trigono- (trigonocephalic); triplo- Vio decim- (decimate) (triploblastic); triplicato- (tripli- % non- (nonan) cato-pinnate); trito- (tritoen- Vs octan- (octant) cephalon) x/i septim- (septimal) 4 quadra- (quadraphonic); % sext- (sextant) quadrato- (quadrato-cubic); lA quint- (quintant) quadri- (quadrilateral); quadru- V4 tetarto- (tetartohedral) (quadruped); quart- (quarterly); V* trient- (triental) quarti- (quartisect); quat- (qua- Vz demi- (demitint); dicho- (di¬ ternate); quater- (quater-cente¬ chotomize); dimid- (dimidiation); nary); quatre- (quatrefoil); tes- hemi- (hemisphere); mezzo- sara- (tesseraphthong); tetarto- (mezzo-relievo); semi- (semi- (tetartohedral); tetra- (Tetra- columnar) grammaton); tetrakis- (tetrakis- % triquadr- (triquadrantal) dodecahedron) 1 eka- (ekaselenium); haplo- (hap- 5 cinque- (cinquefoil); penta- (pen- lopetalous); heno- (henotheism); tacle); quin- (quinary); quinque- mono- (monorail); uni- (unilat¬ (quinquennium); quint- (quintu¬ eral) plets); quinti- (quintiped) 1 & Viwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com sesqui- (sesquihoral) 6 hexa- (hexahedron); hexakis- 2 ambi- (ambiversion); ambo- (hexakisoctahedron); seni- (amboceptor); amphi- (amphicar- (senary); sex- (sexagenarian); pous); ampho- (amphora); bi- sexi- (sexipolar); sexti- (sexti- (bicentennial); bin- (binaural); section); sise- (siseangle) bis- (bissextile); deutero- 7 hebdo- (hebdomadral); hepta- (deuterogamy); deuto- (deuto- (Heptateuch); septem- (Septem¬ plasm); di- (diplegia); dicho- ber); septi- (septifolious) (dichotomous); didym- (didymal- 8 octa- (octagon); octo- (octonary); gia); diphy-(diphyceral); diplo- ogdo- (ogdoastich) (diplopia); disso- (dissogony); 9 ennea- (enneahedron); nona- double- (doubleheader); du- (nonagon); -nov- (novena) (duplicate); duplicato- (duplicato- 10 dec(a)- (decade); decem- dentate); duplici- (duplicipen- (decempennate); deci- (deci¬ nate); duo- (duograph); dyo- meter); deka- (dekagram); -teen (Dyophysite); gemelli- (gemelli- (sixteen); -ty (seventy) parous); gemin- (geminiflorous); 11 endeca- (endecagon); hendeca- twi- (twinight); zygo- (zygo- (hendecasyllabic); undec- (un- dont) decagon); undecim- (undecimal) 3 ter- (tercet); -tern- (ternary); 12 dodeca- (dodecastyle); duodec- -tert- (tertiary); tri- (trifocal); tri- (duodecennial); duodecim- akis- (triakisoctahedron); triangu- (duodecimfid); duoden- (duo¬ lato- (triangulato-subovate); denary) CATEGORIES 219 Numbers

13 tredecim- (tredecimal); 90 enneaconta- (enneacontahedral); triskaideka- (triskaidekaphobia) nonagen- (nonagenarian); 14 quattuordec- (quattuordecillion); nonages- (nonagesimal) tessaradeca- (tessaradecasyllabon) ; 100 cent(i)- (centigrade); hecato- tetradeca- (tetradecapod); tetra- (hecatophyllous); hecatinicosa- kaideca- (tetrakaidecahedron) (hecatinicosachoron: 120); hecto- 15 pentakaideca- (pentakaidecahe- (hectoliter); hekto (hektogram) dron); quindec- (quindecennial) 200 ducen- (ducenarious) 16 hexadeca- (hexadecachoron); 300 trecent- (trecentene) hexakaideca- (hexakaidecahe- 400 quadricent- (quadricentennial) dron); sedecim- (sedecimal) 500 quincent- (quincentennial) 17 heptakaideca- (heptakaidecahe- 600 hexacosi- (hexacosichoron); dron); septendecim- (septendeci- sexcent- (sexcentenary) mal) 700 septingenti- (septingentenary) 18 duodeviginti- (duodevigintian- 800 octocent- (octocentenary) gular); octakaideca- octakaideca- 900 enneacent- (enneacentenary) hedron) 1,000 -chili- (chiliarch); kilo- (kilo¬ 19 enneakaideca- (enneakaidecahe- gram); ~th: milli- (millibar) dron); undeviginti- (undevigin- 10,000 myria- (myriameter); myrio- tiangular) (myriophyllous) 20 eico- (eicosapentaenoic: 25); 1,000,000 one million mega- (mega- www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comicosa- (icosandria); icosi- (icosite- volt); ~th: micro- (microgram) trahedron: 24); vicesim- (vicesi- 1,000,000,000 one billion giga- mal); vigent- (vigentennial); vig- (gigabyte); ~th: nano- (nano¬ inti- (vigintiangular) second); nanno- (nannoplankton) 30 triaconta- (triacontahedral); 1,000,000,000,000 one trillion tera- triceni- (tricenary); triges- (tri- (terahertz); ~th: pico- (picofarad) gesimal); trigint- (trigintal) 1,000,000,000,000,000 one qua¬ 40 quadragen- (quadragenarian); drillion peta- (petameter); ~th: quadrages- (quadragesimal) femto- (femtometer); 50 pentacosta- (pentacostaglossal); 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 one penteconta- (pentecontaglossal); quintillion exa- (exameter); ~fft; quinquagen- (quinquagenarian); atto- (attogram) quinquages- (quinquagesimal) 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 one 60 hexaconta- (hexacontahedron); hexillion zetta- (zettabyte); ~th: sexagen- (sexagenarian); sexages- zepto- (zeptovolt) ( sexagesimal) 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 70 septuagen- (septuagenarian); one heptillion yotta- (yottame- septuages- (septuagesimal); septu- ter); ~th: yocto- (yoctogram) agint- (Septuagint) 80 octogen- (octogenarian); octo- ges- (octogesimal) Senses 220 CATEGORIES THE SENSES Hearing pupil core- (corelysis); coreo- (coreoplasty); -coria (isocoria); deafness -surd- (surdity) coro- (coroplastic); -koria ear auri- (auricle); auriculo- (leukokoria); pupillo- (pupillome- (auriculo-temporal); ot- (othem- ter) orrhagia); oto- (otology) see -blep- (ablepsia); eid- (eidetic); hear acou- (acouasm); acoust- -opsia (hemianopsia); -opsis (syn¬ (acoustical); audi- (auditory); opsis); -opsy (biopsy); -scope audio- (audiology); auri- (auri¬ (telescope); -scopic (micro¬ cle); ecoia (dysecoia) scopic); scopo- (scopophilia); sound echo- (echogenic); -phone -scopy (bioscopy); -scrut- (in¬ (telephone); phono- (phono¬ scrutable); spec- (spectator); - graph); -phony (euphony); spic- (conspicuous); -vid- -phthong (diphthong); son- (video); -vis- (vision); visuo- (sonic); soni- (soniferous); sono- (visuosensory) (sonometer); sonoro- (sonorous) RELATED PERCEPTIONS RELATED PERCEPTIONS noisy crépit- (crepitation); frem- bright fulg- (fulgurant); helio- (fremitus); ligyr- (ligyrophobia); (helioscope); lue- (luciferous); stridwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- (strident); stridul- (stridu- lumin- (luminosity) lous); strepi- (strepitus); dark amaur- (amaurosus); ambly- silent hesy- (hesychastic); tacit- (amblyopia); nyct- (nyctalopia); taciturnity) scoto- (scotophobia); tenebr- (tenebrous) Seeing blindness caec- (caecilian); cec- Smelling (cecity); lusc- (eluscate); typhlo- nose nasi- (nasiform); naso- (nasol- (typhlosis) ogy); rhino- (rhinology) eye blepharo- (blepharotomy); can- smell bromo- (bromidrosis); fet- tho- (canthoplasty); cili- (ciliary); (fetid); nidor- (nidorous); -odic corneo- (corneoiritis); irido- (euodic); odori- (odoriferous); (iridomotor); kerato- (kerato- odoro- (odoroscope); -olent tomy); oculi- (oculiform); oculo- (redolent); -olfact- (olfactory); (oculomotor); ommat- (om- -osmia (anosmia); osmo- (os- matophore); op- (opalgia); oph- modysphoria); osphresio (osphre- thalmo- (ophthalmoscope); -opia siophobia); ozo- (ozostomia) (diplopia); ophry- (ophryosis); opsi- (opsiometer); opso- (opso- RELATED PERCEPTIONS clonus); optico- (optico-papil- pleasant bene- (beneficial); eu- (eu¬ lary); opto- (optometry); retino- odic) (retinoschisis); sclero- (sclero- unpleasant cac- (cacosmia); mal- tomy); tarso (tarsoplasty) (malodorous) CATEGORIES 221 Senses Tasting ogy); -dermatous (xeroderma- tous); -dermis (epidermis); mouth -mouthed (dry-mouthed); dermo- (dermoneural) oro- (orolingual); stomato- touch aphe- (aphephobia); -aphia (stomatalgia); -stome (cyto- (dysaphia); -apsia (parapsia); stome); -stomous (monostomous) haph- (haphalgesia); hapto- (hap- palate palato- (palatonasal); tometer); -palp- (palpable); uranisco- (uranisconitis); urano- sens(i)- (sensiferous); sensori- (uranoplasty); velar- (velarize) (sensorineural); sent- (sentient); saliva ptyal- (ptyalagogue); sialo- -tact- (contact); -tang- (tangible); ( sialorrhea) thigmo- (thigmotaxis) taste geum- (geumaphobia); geu- mat- (geumatophobia); -geusia RELATED PERCEPTIONS (parageusia); -gust- (gustatory); cold alg- (algid); cheima- sapor- (saporiflc) (cheimaphilic); crymo- (cry- tongue -glossia (macroglossia); mophilic); cryo- (cryopathy); glosso- (glossodynia); hyo- (hyo- frigo- (frigorifie); gelo- (gelosis); glossal); lamino- (lamino-alveo- kryo- (kryometer); psychro- (psy- lar); ligur- (ligurition); ling- (lin- chroalgia); rhigo- (rhigolene) gible); lingui- (linguiform) dry -sice- (desiccate); xero- (xero- RELATED PERCEPTIONS phyte) hard dur- (duricrust); scier- (scle- bitter alk- (alkaloid); picro- (picro- ronychia) www.IELTS4U.blogfa.comtoxin) rough salebr- (salebrous); trachy- salty alo- (alomancy); halo- (trachycarpous) (halophile); sal- (saline); sals- smooth glabr- (glabrous); leio- (salsamentarious) (leiotrichous); levig- (levigated); sour acerb- (acerbity); acid- (acidu¬ lisso- (lissotrichous); lubr- (lu¬ lous); amar- (amarine) bricity); psilo- (psilodermatous) sweet hedy- (hedyphane); melli- soft malac- (malacissant); malax- (mellifluous); dulc- (dulcify) (malaxation); -moll- (emollient) warm calo- (caloreceptor); calori- Touching (calorific); caum- (caumesthesia); sensation -esthesia (myesthesia); pyr- (pyrogenic); therm- (ther¬ esthesio- (esthesiometer) mal); thermo- (thermosensitive); skin cut(i)- (subcutaneous); derm- -thermy (diathermy) (dermabrasion); -derm (melano- wet humect- (humectant); hydro- derm); derma- (dermatherm); (hydrorrhea); hygro- (hygro¬ -derma (scleroderma); dermat- scopic); madefac- (madefaction) (dermatitis); dermato- (dermatol¬ Shapes 222 CATEGORIES

SHAPES acorn-shaped glandi- (glandiform) ural); lechrio- (lechriodont); agate-shaped agat- (agatiform) loxo- (loxotomy); repando- almond-shaped amygdal- (amyg- (repando-dentate); scolio- (scol- daliform) iokyphosis); sinu- (sinuousity); - anchor-shaped ancry- (ancryoid) verge (diverge) angle -angle (quadrangle); angul- berry-shaped bacc- (bacciform) (rectangular); -gon (polygon); - boat-shaped cymb- (cymbiform); gonal (polygonal); gonio- (go¬ navi- (naviform); scapho- (sca- niometer) phocephaly); scapulo- (scapulo- antennae-shaped antenn- (antenni- humeral) form) bottle-shaped ampull- (ampulla- anther-shaped anther- (antheri- ceous) leather bottle-shaped: form) utrei- (utreiform); utric- (utricu- apple-shaped pomi- (pomiform) lar) arch-shaped arci- (arciform) bowl-shaped crater- (crateriform) ax-shaped securi- (securiform) branch-shaped rami- (ramiform) barrel-shaped dolio- (dolioform) breast-shaped mammi- (mammi¬ basket-shaped calathi- (calathi- form) form) brick-shaped plinthi- (plinthiform) beak-shapewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comd aquil- (aquiline); bristle-shaped seti- (setiform) corac- (coracoid); rhamph- broom-shaped scopi- (scopiform) (rhamphoid); rhyncho- (rhyn- brush-shaped muscar- (muscari- chophorous); rostrato- (rostrato- form) nariform); rostri- (rostriform) bud-shaped gemm- (gemmiform) bean-shaped fabi- (fabiform) bull-shaped taur- (tauriform) bear-shaped urs- (ursiform) canine tooth-shaped laniar- beehive-shaped alve- (alveated) (laniariform) beetle-shaped scarab- (scaraboid) cap-shaped pile- (pileiform) bell-shaped campan- (campani- caterpillar-shaped eruci- (eruci- form) form) bent ancylo- (ancylostomiasis); catkin-shaped amenti-2 (amen- ankylo- (ankylosis); -campsis tiform); juli- (juliform) (phallocampsis); campto- (camp- chisel-shaped scalpri- (scalpriform) tocormia); campylo- (campylo- clarion-shaped litui- (lituiform) dactyly); -clinal (anticlinal); -cli- daw-shaped ungui- (unguiform) nate (proclinate); -cline (incline); cleaver-shaped dolabr- (dolabri- -clinic (matroclinic); clino- (cli¬ form) nometer); -clinous (patroclinous); cloud-shaped nubi- (nubiform) -clisis (pathoclisis); clit- (hetero- club-shaped clav- (claviform) clital); cliv- (declivity); curvi- cobweb-shaped arachn- (arach¬ (curvilinear); cyrto- (cyrtometer); noid) -fleet- (genuflection); flex- (flex- coin-shaped nummi- (nummiform) CATEGORIES 223 Shapes

collar-shaped colli- (colliform) fiber-shaped fibri- (fibriform) column-shaped columelli- (colu- fibril-shaped fibrilli- (fibrilliform) melliform) fiddle-shaped pandur- (panduri- comb-shaped pectin- (pectiniform) form) cone-shaped coni- (coniform) fig-shaped fici- (ficiform) coral-shaped coralli- (coralliform) finger-shaped digiti- (digitiform) corn-shaped grani- (graniform) fish-shaped pisci- (pisciform) cowl-shaped cuculli- (cuculliform) fissure-shaped fissuri- (fissuriform) crab-shaped cancri- (cancriform) flask-shaped ampulli- (ampulli- crater-shaped crateri- (crateriform) form); lagen- (lageniform) crescent-shaped crescenti- (cres- flat plani- (planimeter); plano- centiform) lunul- (lunular) (planoconcave); platy- (platypus) cross-shaped crue- (cruciform) flower-shaped flor- (floriform) crown-shaped coron- (coroni- foot-shaped ped-1 (pediform) form) forked -furc- (bifurcation) crystal-shaped crystalli- (crystalli- fowl-shaped galli- (galliform) form) frog-shaped rani- (raniform) cube-shaped cubi- (cubiform) fruit-shaped fructi- (fructiform) cuckoo-shaped cuculi- (cuculi- fungus-shaped fungill- (fungilli- form) form) cucumber-shaped cucumi- (cu- funnel-shaped infundibuli- (in- cumiform) fundibuliform) cup-shapewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comd calath- (calathiform); gland-shaped aden- (adeniform) cotyl- (cotyliform); crin- gnat-shaped culici- (culiciform) (crinoid); cupuli- (cupuliform); goat-shaped capri- (capriform) cyath- (cyathiform); pocul- (po- goblet-shaped pocul- (poculiform) culiform); scyphi- (scyphiform) grape-shaped staphylo- (staphy- cylinder-shaped cylindri- (cylin- loma); uvi- (uviform); uvu- driform) (uvula);~c/usfer: acini- (acini- dish-shaped scutel- (scutelliform) form) drop-shaped gutti- (guttiform); hair-shaped capilli- (capilliform) stilli- (stilliform) hammer-shaped malle- (mallei- ear-shaped aur-1 (auriform) form) eel-shaped anguill- (anguilliform) hand-shaped mani- (maniform) egg-shaped ov- (oviform); oval- hatchet-shaped dolabri- (dolabri- (ovaliform) form) embryo-shaped embry- (embry- heart-shaped cord- (cordoform); oniform) cordato- (cordato-ovate) eye-shaped ocul- (oculiform) helmet-shaped cassid- (cassidi- faced/faceted -hedral (hexahedral); form); gale- (galeate) -hedron (polyhedron) herring-shaped harengi- (harengi- fan-shaped flabelli- (flabelliform) form) feather-shaped pinni- (pinniform); hinge-shaped gingly- (ginglyform) plumil- (plumiliform) hood-shaped calyptri- (calyptri- fern-shaped filici- (filiciform) form) Shapes 224 CATEGORIES hook-shaped hami- (hamiform); necklace-shaped monili- (monili- unci- (unciform) form) horn-shaped corni- (corniculate, needle-shaped aci- (aciform); aci- corniform) cul- (acicular) horseshoe-shaped hippocrepi- nose-shaped nari- (nariform); nasi- (hippocrepiform) (nasiform) horsetail-shaped equiset- (equiseti- nut-shaped caryo- (caryopsis); form) karyo- (karyokinesis); nuci- (nu- hull-shaped naut- (nautiform) ciform); nucleo (nucleolus) hydra-shaped hydr- (hydraform) oar-shaped remi- (remiform) irregular poikilo- (poikilocyte) oat-shaped aveni- (aveniform) isopod-shaped isopodi- (isopodi- ox-shaped bov- (boviform) form) oyster-shaped ostrea- (ostreiform) ivy-shaped hederi- (hederiform) pea-shaped pisi- (pisiform) kidney-shaped reni- (reniform) pear-shaped piri- (piriform); pyri- knee-shaped genu- (genuform) (pyriform) knife-shaped cultell- (cultellated); pen-shaped styl- (styliform) cultri- (cultriform) penis-shaped pen- (peniform) ladder-shaped scalari- (scalari- petal-shaped petuli- (petuliform) form) pillar-shaped columelli- (columel- lance-shaped lanci- (lanciform) liform); columni- (columniform) larva-shaped larvi- (larviform) pinecone-shaped strobil- (strobili- layerewww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comd -decker (double-decker); form) lamelli- (lamelliform); lamin- pipe-shaped fistuli- (fistuliform) (lamination); -plex (cerviplex); placenta-shaped placenti- (placen- strat- (stratified) tiform) leaf-shaped clad- (cladode); foli- pod-shaped siliqu- (siliquiform) (foliiform); phyll- (phylliform) pointed aci- (acicular); aero- (acro- leather bottle-shaped utrei- cephaly); acu- (aculeate); acuti- (utreiform); utric- (utricular) (acutifoliate); -belon- (belono- lid-shaped operculi- (operculiform) phobia); cusp- (cuspid); muric- lily-shaped lili- (liliform) (muricate); oxy- (oxyrhine); lizard-shaped lacerti- (lacerti- -punct- (punctured); stylo- (sty¬ form) lograph) lyre-shaped lyri- (lyriform) pouch-shaped scroti- (scrotiform) malformed -mutil- (Mutilla); pero- purse-shaped bursi- (bursiform) (peropodous) rattlesnake-shaped crotali- (crotal- miter-shaped mitri- (mitriform) iform) moon-shaped luni- (luniform) reed-shaped calam- (calamiform) mummy-shaped mummi- (mum- rice grain-shaped rizi- (riziform) miform) ring-shaped annul- (annular); mushroom-shaped fungi- (fungi- circin- (circinate) form); agar- (agariciform) rod-shaped -bacill- (bacilliform); myrtle leaf-shaped myrti- (myrti- bacul- (baculiform); coryn- form) (coryneform); -rad- (radial); CATEGORIES 225 Shapes

rhabdo- (rhabdomyoma); virgul- snake-shaped angui- (anguiform); (virgulate) colubri- (colubriform); serpenti- roof-shaped tecti- (tectiform) (serpentiform) root-shaped radie- (radiciform) spatula-shaped spatuli- (spatuli- rope-shaped funil- (funiliform); form) resti- (restiform) spear-shaped hasti- (hastiform) round -annul- (annulate); -anu- sphere-shaped spheri- (spheriform) (anulus); -cing- (cingulum); spider-shaped arene- (areneiform) cinct- (cincture); circin- (circi- spike-shaped spic- (spiciform) nately); -circul- (recirculate); spindle-shaped fusu- (fusiform) -coron- (coronation); crico- spine-shaped aculei- (aculeiform); (cricoid); cyclo (cyclostomous); spini- (spiniform) disco- (discoid); globo- (glo¬ spiral-shaped cirri- (cirriform); bosity); glomer- (glomerate); cochl- (cochleate); gyro- (gy- numm- (nummular); -orb- (sub- roidal); helici- (heliciform); spiri- orbital); -rot- (rotund); -sphere (spiriform) (hemisphere); sphero- (spheroid); spoon-shaped cochleari- (cochlear- stilli- (stilliform); tereti- (tereti- iform) caudate); troch- (trochal); zon- square -quadr- (quadrangle) (zonesthesia) stalactite-shaped stalacti- (stalacti- rush-shaped junci- (junciform) form) sac-shaped bursi- (bursiform); stalk-shaped stipiti- (stipitiform) saccwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.com- (sacciform) star-shaped aster- (asterisk); stelli- salmon-shaped salmoni- (salmoni- (stelliform) form) straight ithy- (ithyphallic); ortho- saucer-shaped acetabul- (acetabuli- ( orthogonal) form) strap-shaped liguli- (liguliform); sausage-shaped allanto- (allan- lora- (lorate) toid); botul- (botuliform) sword-shaped ensi- (ensiform); saw-shaped serrati- (serratiform) xiphi- (Xiphias); xipho- scale-shaped lamelli- (lamelliform); (xiphoid) squami- (squamiform) tea leaf-shaped thei- (theiform) scimitar-shaped acinaci- (acinaci- tear-shaped lachrymi- (lachrymi- form) form) shell-shaped conchi- (conchiform) tendril-shaped cirri- (cirriform); shield-shaped clype- (clypeiform); pampin- (pampiniform) pelti- (peltiform); scut- (scuti- tentacle-shaped tentaculi- (tentac- form) uliform) sickle-shaped drepani- (drepani- thread-shaped fili- (filiform); ne- form); falci- (falciform) mato- (nematogen) sieve-shaped coli- (coliform); tongue-shaped lingui- (linguiform) cribri- (cribriform) tooth-shaped denti- (dentiform) slanting loxo- (loxodromic); pla- top-shaped strombuli- (strombuli- gio- (plagiodont) form); turbi- (turbinated) slug-shaped limaci- (limaciform) tower-shaped pyrgo- (pyrgoidal) Shapes • Time 226 CATEGORIES trapezoid-shaped trapezi- (trapezi- vase-shaped urcei- (urceiform) form) wart-shaped verruci- (verruciform) tray-shaped hypocrater- (hypocra- wedge-shaped cune- (cuneiform); teriform) spheno- (sphenography) tree-shaped arbor- (arboriform); wheel-shaped roti- (rotiform); dendri- (dendriform) troch- (trochal) triangular delt- (deltoidal); trian- whiplash-shaped flagelli- (flagelli- gulato- (triangulato-subovate); form) trigon- (trigonal) wing-shaped ala- (aliform) tube-shaped fistuli- (nstuliform); wingcase-shaped elytri- (elytri¬ syringo- (syringotomy); tubi- form) (tubiform); tubuli- (tubuliform); worm-shaped lumbric- (lumbrici- vasi- (vasiform) form); scoleci- (scoleciform); turnip-shaped napi- (napiform) vermi- (vermiform) umbrella-shaped umbraculi- x-shaped decuss- (decussate) (umbraculiform) yoke-shaped zygo- (zygomorphic)

TIME afternoon pomerid- (pomeridian) lasting diuturn- (diuturnal); dur- ancienwww.IELTS4U.blogfa.comt -antiq- (antiquity); (durable); perenn- (perennial); arch(a)eo- (archaeology); perm- (permanent); stabil- (sta¬ pal(a)eo- (Paleozoic); proto- bility) (protohuman) later hystero- (hysterogenic); meta- day -diurn- (diurnal); ephem- (metabiosis); post (postmeridian); (ephemeris); hemer- (hemerine); retro- (retrofit) -journ- (journal); quotid- (quo¬ month -mens(i)- (mensal) tidian) monthly: emmen- (emmeniop- earlier ante- (antedate); fore- (fore¬ athy) cast); pre- (predawn); pro- (pro¬ morning matut- (matutinal) vision); protero- (proterotype); new caeno- (Caenozoic); caino- proto- (protomartyr); retro- (Cainozoic); ceno- (cenogenesis); retroactive); yester- (yesteryear) neo- (neoplast); nov- (novelty); early period eo- (eolithic); paleo- thalero- (thalerophagous) (paleolithic) night crépus- (crepuscular); noct- evening crépus- (crepuscular); (nocturnal); nocti- (noctilucent); noct- (nocturnal); nocti- (noctilu- nycto- (nyctophobia); vesper- cent); nycto- (nyctophobia); ves¬ ( vespertine) per- (vespertine) old gerasco- (gerascophobia); gero- hour horo- (horology) (gerodontics); geronto- (gerontol¬ incomplete -esce (incandesce); ogy); grand- (grandfather); pres- -escence (convalescence); -escent byo- (presbyacusis); -sen- (incandescent) seniority); -vet- (veteran) CATEGORIES 227 Time recent -cene (Miocene); ceno- twilight crépus- (crepusculine); lyg- (Cenozoic) (lygophilia) same time co-(coexist); hama- week -hebdom-(hebdomadal); sep- (hamarchy); simul- (simultané- timan- (septimanal) ous); synchron- (synchronicity) year -ann- (annual); -enn- (bien- time chrono- (chronology) ;-temp- niai) (temporary) yesterday hestern- (hesternal); today hodie- (hodiernal) prid- (pridian) tomorrow crastin- (procrastinate) young juven- (juvenile)

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