DOCSLIB.ORG

Equine Welfare Issues: an Overview

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Equine Welfare Issues: an Overview IN-DEPTH: EQUINE WELFARE Equine Welfare Issues: An Overview Midge Leitch, VMD Author’s address: Londonderry Equine Clinic, 93 St Malachi Rd, Cochranville, Pennsylvania 19330- 9481; e-mail: [email protected]. © 2010 AAEP. 1. Introduction In 2005, the AAEP coined the phrase “the unwanted Equine welfare issues clearly influence the way in horse” and combined with the American Horse which we as practitioners deliver health care and Council to host the Unwanted Horse Summit. With how we interact with not only the horse-owning representation from throughout the equine industry, public but the public in general. The American the Unwanted Horse Coalition (UHC) was formed. Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) contin- Chaired initially by Dr. Tom Lenz and now by Dr. ues to evolve in this regard. It is doubtful that any Doug Corey, the UHC Mission is “to reduce the num- given AAEP member is not aware of some aspect of ber of unwanted horses and to improve their welfare societal change influencing how the public perceives through education and the efforts of organizations horses but often and narrowly in the light of their committed to the health, safety, and responsible care respective world (his/her practice community). The and disposition of the horse.” following report represents an attempt to inform the A visit to the UHC website (www.unwantedhorse- membership of the many and varied concerns and coalition.org) will explain the history, resources, and actions that have been taken or are projected by our initiatives of this important organization. association. There is no question in the author’s opinion that such concerns will influence one’s life and 3. The Tennessee Walking Horse Task Force, practice; understanding the concerns is the first step 2007–2008 in avoiding the pitfalls and helping the horse industry as a whole to live within acceptable societal parame- For Ͼ30 yr, the Tennessee Walking Horse Industry ters and assume a leadership role. The public does in has been in violation of the Horse Protection Act fact control the market place. (1979) by the persistence within its show venues of In July 2008, recognizing equine welfare as among the cruel act of “soring.” The AAEP Tennessee the most important issues facing the AAEP, our Walking Horse Task Force was appointed by our Board of Directors chose it as one of the three ele- Board of Directors in December 2007. It was charged ments of our current strategic plan. with addressing the practice of soring and recom- mending to the Tennessee Walking Horse Industry 2. The Unwanted Horse means to end the practice and facilitate compliance The plight of the unwanted horse remains the most with the Horse Protection Act. The task force pro- challenging equine welfare problem to resolve. duced its White Paper in July of 2008 and a subse- NOTES AAEP PROCEEDINGS ր Vol. 56 ր 2010 357 IN-DEPTH: EQUINE WELFARE quent paper addressing Pressure Shoeing in March of communication regarding basic horse care for of 2009. those facilities capable of housing horses, including To better detect the practices of soring, including website access to the AAEP Guidelines for Rescue pressure shoeing, the White Paper recommended and Rehabilitation Facilities. SAWA was also in- the use of radiographic and thermographic imaging formed of the availability of vaccines through the and the removal and inspection of shoes and pads AAEP Foundation. The outcome of this meeting when indicated. Recognizing the need for consis- included agreement to develop means of communi- tency and fairness in enforcement, the task force cation regarding basic horse care for those facilities stressed the need for elimination of conflicts of in- capable of housing horses, including website access terest among inspectors. to the AAEP Guidelines for Rescue and Rehabilita- It is gratifying to see that both the U.S. Depart- tion Facilities. SAWA was also informed of the ment of Agriculture (USDA) and elements of the availability of vaccines through the AAEP Founda- Tennessee Walking Horse industry have been recep- tion and the UHC. Again, AAEP expertise and con- tive to the recommendations of this task force. cern with equine welfare were recognized when the In 2009, for the first time, a trainer was given a American Endurance Ride Conference Research lifetime suspension for multiple violations of the Summit invited an AAEP representative to attend. Horse Protection Act, including soring, the use of a Addressing the issues of morbidity, mortality, and painful device to distract the horse during examina- equine welfare, the group resolved to assess and tion, and the presentation of a “ringer” horse for record and report injuries, illnesses, and fatalities, inspection. Additionally, thermographic imaging as well as incorporate safety information and regu- has now been adapted as a screening tool in the lations already in place in other disciplines. Ad- detection of soring. dressing the issues of morbidity, mortality, and The AAEP is committed to seeing the end of sor- equine welfare, the group resolved to assess and ing, and its members remain actively involved in the record and report injuries, illnesses, and fatalities, Tennessee Walking Horse Industry to achieve that as well as incorporate safety information and regu- goal. lations already in place in other disciplines. 4. Welfare Committee 5. AAEP Welfare Agenda: Works in Progress The AAEP Welfare Committee and its individual The AAEP Welfare Committee agenda is member members have actively addressed many issues over driven. Last year, you—our members—told us the past 2 yr. what your priority concerns were in our AAEP Mem- At the request of the American Veterinary Medi- ber Equine Welfare Survey. cal Association (AVMA), our Welfare Committee has Within the equine industry, you named (1) un- reviewed and provided input for AVMA position wanted horses, (2) slaughter-related problems (pro- statements on The Use of Horses in Urban Environ- cessing plant closures and transportation), (3) ments, Therapeutics in Non-Racing Performance racing issues (breakdowns, retirement, medication Horses, Transportation (and Processing) of Horses, abuse), (4) soring of Tennessee Walking Horse and and Soring Horses. Additionally, our members have American Saddlebreds, and (5) Bureau of Land served on the AVMA Task Force on Euthanasia. Management (BLM)/wild horse management. After the U.S. Equestrian Federation (USEF) re- Within the equine veterinary profession, you quested input from our Welfare Committee regard- named (1) tail blocking and neurectomies, (2) pin ing the use of pads in show horses, USEF rules were firing, (3) racing medications, (4) intra-articular in- reworded to permit the use of protective pads on jections, (5) tail docking, and (6) procedures per- show horses and to eliminate pads designed to cre- formed by lay people. ate excessive angulation or weight. To best respond to welfare concerns, the Executive In 2008 the USEF and the United States Eventing Committee and Board of Directors in 2009 expanded Association sponsored an Eventing Safety Summit, the makeup of the Welfare Committee to include attended by an AAEP representative at which new members with passion for and recognized expertise and improved regulations concerning competitor in diverse areas. The Committee met and identi- qualifications, competence, and training, and fied important areas of need. trainer qualifications were discussed. Safety mea- sures pertaining to course design—including the use of collapsible fences—were critically reviewed and 1. proactive planning to address as many fore- upgraded. seeable issues as possible, thus placing the At their request, a representative of the AAEP AAEP at the forefront of sources for informa- attended the Society of Animal Welfare Administra- tion on equine welfare issues tors (SAWA) meeting addressing the problem of in- 2. understanding regional issues; public and vet- adequate resources to meet the rapidly growing erinary perception of welfare issues may differ number of horses presented to rescue facilities pre- from one area to another viously restricted to small animals. The outcome of 3. “On Call” Programs to address high-profile this meeting included agreement to develop means issues as they arise 358 2010 ր Vol. 56 ր AAEP PROCEEDINGS IN-DEPTH: EQUINE WELFARE 4. disaster preparedness to assist state and fed- members in understanding the ethical issues per- eral agencies in regional readiness. AAEP taining to equine welfare within the practice Foundation has authorized financial support environment. to both the University of Florida and Texas No discussion of AAEP equine welfare initiatives A&M. Both of these programs extend be- would be complete without commending our Racing yond their respective state borders to assist Committee for their outstanding efforts over the entire regions, and the Texas A&M program is past 2.5 yr. Their countless hours of dedication anticipated to continue to grow into having resulted in the publication of “Putting the Horse national and international impact. First: Veterinary Recommendations for the Safety and Welfare of the Thoroughbred Racehorse,” a An AAEP Welfare Summit was held this past May. truly benchmark document that has caught the at- Major projects arising from this meeting included tention of the racing industry. the following: AAEP equine welfare initiatives have extended their reach throughout the equine world. Our 1. drafting a position paper on principles of members are involved in equine welfare education to equine welfare a majority of the equine performance disciplines. 2. examination of non-racing performance horse We provide support for those striving to improve the medication/procedures/treatments lives of the millions of working equids throughout 3. expansion of media assistance programs, cri- the world. The resolution of some equine welfare sis communications, and emergency response issues is simple and clear, such as the obvious need 4. engaging the horse industry in recognizing to eliminate the soring of Tennessee Walking and prohibiting abusive training and treat- Horses.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Horse Protection Amendments Act
    The Horse Protection Amendments Act Introduction Representative Scott DesJarlais (R-TN) has reintroduced the Horse Protection Amendments Act (H.R. 1338). This is the exact same bill DesJarlais introduced last year to amend the Horse Protection Act (HPA). The bill would create a single Horse Industry Organization (HIO) that would be responsible for enforcement of the HPA. This bill is opposed by the AHC. The HPA was enacted in 1970 and prohibits the showing, sale, or transport of a horse that has been sored. Soring is an abusive practice used by some horse trainers in the Tennessee Walking Horse, Spotted Saddle Horse, and Racking Horse industry to intentionally cause pain in a horse’s forelegs and produce an accentuated show gait for competition. Horse Protection Amendments Act The bill would establish a single HIO that would be responsible for licensing DQPs. The new HIO would be governed by a board consisting of two individuals appointed by the Commissioner of Agriculture of Tennessee and two individuals appointed by the Commissioner of Agriculture of Kentucky. These four board members would in turn appoint two representatives from the walking horse industry in consultation with the Walking Horse Trainers Association. These six board members would then appoint three additional board members. The bill would direct the new HIO to use “objective, science-based inspection protocols” that: (A) have been the subject of testing and are capable of producing scientifically reliable, reproducible results; (B) have been subjected to peer review; and (C) have received acceptance in the veterinary or other applicable scientific community.” The bill would also require the new HIO to issue policies requiring any person licensed with the HIO or an immediate member of such person to be free from conflicts of interest or any association with the industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Perceptions of Soring in Tennessee Walking Horses Hannah Medford East Tennessee State University
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2019 Perceptions of Soring in Tennessee Walking Horses Hannah Medford East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Medford, Hannah, "Perceptions of Soring in Tennessee Walking Horses" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3547. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3547 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Perceptions of Soring in the Tennessee Walking Horse Industry _____________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Criminal Justice and Criminology _____________________ by Hannah Medford May 2019 _____________________ Dustin Osborne, Ph.D., Chair Bradley Edwards, Ed.D. Jennifer Pealer, Ph.D. Chris Rush, Ph.D. Keywords: Animal abuse, green criminology, soring, Tennessee Walking Horses ABSTRACT Perceptions of Soring in the Tennessee Walking Horse Industry by Hannah Medford The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of soring in the Tennessee Walking Horse industry. Although a limited amount of research has focused on the practice, this is the first known study to utilize a criminological lens to better understand the perceptions and motivations of its use.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Racehorse Clusters in the United States: Geographic Analysis and Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Development
    sustainability Article The Evolution of Racehorse Clusters in the United States: Geographic Analysis and Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Development Paul D. Gottlieb 1,2, Jennifer R. Weinert 2, Elizabeth Dobis 3 and Karyn Malinowski 2,* 1 Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 55 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; [email protected] 2 Equine Science Center, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, ASB II 57 US HWY 1, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; [email protected] 3 Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development, Pennsylvania State University, 207A Armsby Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-848-932-9419 Received: 31 October 2019; Accepted: 6 January 2020; Published: 8 January 2020 Abstract: Sustainability is frequently defined as the need to place equal emphasis on three societal goals: economic prosperity, environment, and social equity. This “triple bottom line” (TBL) framework is embraced by practitioners in both corporate and government settings. Within agriculture, the horse-racing industry and its breeding component are an interesting case study for the TBL approach to local development. The sector is to some extent a “knowledge industry”, agglomerating in relatively few regions worldwide. In the USA, choices made by breeders or owners are likely affected by sudden changes in specific state policies, especially those related to gambling. Both of these unusual conditions—for agriculture at least—have been playing out against a background of national decline in the number of registered racehorse breeding stock. This study traces changes, between 1995 and 2017, in the geographic distribution of registered Thoroughbred and Standardbred stallions.
    [Show full text]
  • GT Alert the Horse Protection Act: Soring, the Scar Rule, and Self
    Alert | Equine Industry Group August 2020 The Horse Protection Act: Soring, the Scar Rule, and Self-Regulation The Horse Protection Act (HPA), 15 U.S.C. § 1821 et seq., passed in 1970 and amended in 1976, outlaws the practice of horse “soring,” an inhumane practice of causing pain to a horse’s foot or leg to produce a more desirable gait. “Soring” is defined as the application of any chemical (e.g., mustard oil or diesel fuel), mechanical agent (e.g., overweight chains), or practice (e.g., trimming a hoof to expose the sensitive tissue) inflicted upon any limb of a horse that can cause or be expected to cause the horse to suffer physical pain or distress when moving. The practice of soring is aimed at producing an exaggerated show gait for competition; and is primarily used in the training of Tennessee Walking Horses, racking horses, and related breeds. Although a similar gait can be obtained using selective breeding and humane training methods, soring achieves this accentuated gait with less effort, and over a shorter time frame. An individual showing a “sored” horse has an unfair competitive advantage over individuals showing horses that are not sore. Under 15 U.S.C. § 1828, Congress empowered the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to promulgate regulations to implement the provisions of the HPA. The Secretary exercised this authority soon after HPA’s 1976 amendments and, through the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), issued regulations governing inspections to detect the use of devices, equipment, and chemical substances designed to cause soring (9 C.F.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Horse Management Brochure
    The Michigan State University (MSU) Institute of Agricultural Technology (IAT) offers certificate programs students can complete in two to four semesters including an industry-specific internship. Offered on MSU’s East Lansing campus, the IAT Horse Management certificate programs focus on a number of Michigan’s agricultural, environmental, and applied technology industries. Certificate Program Applied Practical Training Students enrolled in the IAT certificate programs The Horse Teaching and Research Center is a state- are considered MSU students with full access to of-the-art horse facility located south of campus on academic support services, health services, and 100 acres. The HTRC is used for teaching, research, financial aid. They may live on campus and and extension outreach programs. The upper barn participate in campus student life. includes an indoor arena and classrooms. Prospective students are encouraged to visit campus to learn more about their program of The HTRC is home to a national renowned herd of interest and meet with their Program Coordinator. purebred Arabian horses. Several draft horses are kept at the farm to facilitate draft horse elective courses. All students will have a clerkship experience at the HRTC. For information about how to apply or to schedule a visit to IAT contact: Institute of Agricultural Technology Justin S. Morrill Hall of Agriculture 446 W. Circle Dr., Room 120 East Lansing, MI 48824 517-355-0190 or 888-247-4832 www.iat.msu.edu Department of Animal Science Careers in Horse Management Anthony Hall Completion of the Horse Management Program is 474 S. Shaw Lane the first step toward a fulfilling career in the horse East Lansing, MI 48823 industry.
    [Show full text]
  • AHC PAST Act Frequently Asked Questions
    PREVENT ALL SORING TACTICS ACT OF 2013 (H.R. 1518) Frequently Asked Questions What is the Horse Protection Act and why was it enacted? The Horse Protection Act (HPA or Act) is a federal law that was passed in 1970 to stop the cruel practice of “soring” horses that was occurring in sectors of the horse show industry, primarily the Tennessee Walking Horse and Racking Horse industry. In the 1950s, some horse owners and trainers who wanted to improve their horses’ chances of winning began to sore their horses as a shortcut in place of longer and more conventional training methods. As this practice spread, public concern over the practice led to the passage of the federal law. What activities does it prohibit? The federal law prohibits the showing, sale, auction, exhibition, or transport of horses that have been “sored.” The HPA was passed in 1970 in response to the growing practice of soring of horses to cultivate an accentuated gait on some horses for showing or sale. The Act and its enforcement have traditionally been aimed at those sectors of the walking horse show industry that push for a particularly accentuated gait, known as the “big lick” or “performance” gait, while showing. What is soring? According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA or the Department) the agency that enforces the HPA: “Soring is a cruel and inhumane practice used to accentuate a horse’s gait. Soring may be accomplished by irritating or blistering a horse’s forelegs through the injection or application of chemicals or mechanical devices that cause irritation.
    [Show full text]
  • They Eat Horses, Don't They? the American Horse Slaughter Prevention 66 Brown V
    North East Journal of Legal Studies Volume 14 Fall 2007 Article 5 Fall 2007 They Eat Horses, Don't They? The American Horse Slaughter Prevention 66 Brown v. Li, 308 F.3d 939 (9th Cir. 2002). ACT Donna Sims Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/nealsb Recommended Citation Sims, Donna (2007) "They Eat Horses, Don't They? The American Horse Slaughter Prevention 66 Brown v. Li, 308 F.3d 939 (9th Cir. 2002). ACT," North East Journal of Legal Studies: Vol. 14 , Article 5. Available at: https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/nealsb/vol14/iss1/5 This item has been accepted for inclusion in DigitalCommons@Fairfield by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Fairfield. It is brought to you by DigitalCommons@Fairfield with permission from the rights- holder(s) and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2007 I First Amendment Rights I 108 109 I Vol. 18 I North East Journal of Legal Studies THEY EAT HORSES, DON'T THEY? THE AMERICAN HORSE SLAUGHTER PREVENTION 66 Brown v. Li, 308 F.3d 939 (9th Cir. 2002). ACT 67 356 F .. 3d 1277 (lOth Cir. 2004) by Donna Sims* 68 !d. at 1290.
    [Show full text]
  • Soring: Unethical and Illegal
    The American Veterinary Medical Association Soring: Unethical and Illegal What Is Soring? Soring is the unethical and illegal practice of deliberately inflicting pain to exaggerate the leg motion of gaited horses (such as Tennessee Walking Horses, Spotted Saddle Horses and Racking Horses) to gain an unfair advantage in the show ring. The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) has condemned soring for more than 40 years. How Soring Is Done normal support structures of the hoof wall; inserting hard objects between Chemical methods involve applying caustics the pads and the sole to place pressure (such as kerosene or mustard oil) to the on this sensitive area of the hoof; horse’s lower leg; the leg is then covered over-tightening of metal hoof bands with plastic and a leg wrap for several to cause excessive pressure; improper days to allow the chemicals to penetrate shoeing techniques that violate the skin. The chemicals cause the horse’s the Horse Protection Act (HPA); leg to be sensitive to action devices and and purposefully causing laminitis their hoof to be sensitive to striking the (founder), which is an extremely ground. This method usually leaves obvious painful condition of the hoof. scars, which may be burned off using a chemical stripping agent (causing the horse Why Soring Continues additional pain). Unethical trainers and owners use Physical methods result in pain when the Gaited horses, particularly Tennessee Walking Horses, various tricks to avoid detection horse’s hoof strikes the ground. This causes may be shod in stacked shoes with metal bands tightened including application of numbing across the hoof with or without chains around the the horse to lift its legs faster and higher.
    [Show full text]
  • A Delicate Balance: the Future of Horse Racing and the Preservation of the Equine Industry, Agriculture and Open Space in the Garden State 1
    A Delicate Balance: The Future of Horse Racing and the Preservation of the Equine Industry, Agriculture and Open Space in the Garden State 1 Karyn Malinowski, Ph.D. Dean of Outreach and Extension Programs, Rutgers Cooperative Research and Extension Director of the Equine Science Center, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Forward One of the largest industries in the United States revolves around horses, which make a daily impact on the lives of one in every 60 American citizens. The “Force of the Horse” as stated by the American Horse Council (1996) means more than the economic importance and the $102 billion value of the United States horse industry (American Horse Council Foundation, 2005). Horses and the industries that surround the animal are an integral part of the history and development of human kind, and millions of people world-wide actively participate in equine- related activities through occupations, recreation and sport. Horses have a vast societal impact and are responsible for improving the quality of life for millions of Americans by preserving open space, providing outdoor sport and recreation, building a solid foundation for youth development, and providing mental and physical therapy to adjudicated youth and handicapped persons (Malinowski, 1999). Today the horse’s role in American society is different than it was in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. Because of the American horse owners dedicated commitment to their animals, horses today enjoy a higher standard of living, increased longevity, productivity, and quality of life. More than 4.6 million Americans are involved in the horse industry. The industry is vast and highly diverse, combining the rural activities of breeding, training, and housing horses with more urban activities such as racing, horse shows and competition stadiums and grounds, and public stables.
    [Show full text]
  • PAST) Act (As of 10/12/15
    Endorsements for the Prevent All Soring Tactics (PAST) Act (as of 10/12/15) Horse Industry Groups 1. All American Walking Horse Alliance 36. Northern California Walking Horse Association 2. American Competitive Trail Horse Association 37. One Horse at a Time, Inc. (Kentucky) 3. American Horse Council 38. Paso Fino Horse Association 4. American Quarter Horse Association 39. Pennsylvania Equine Council 5. American Morgan Horse Association 40. Pennsylvania Pleasure Walking Horse Association 6. American Paint Horse Association 41. Pinto Horse Association of America 7. American Riding Instructors Association 42. Plantation Walking Horse Association of California 8. American Saddlebred Horse Association 43. Plantation Walking Horses of Maryland 9. Appaloosa Horse Club 44. Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship 10. Arabian Horse Association International 11. Arizona Coalition for Equines 45. Professional Horsemen’s Association of America 12. Carolina Walkers, Inc. (South Carolina) 46. Pure Pleasure Gaited Horse Association (Oklahoma) 13. Delaware Equine Council 47. Rate My Horse Pro, Inc. 14. Equine Voices Rescue & Sanctuary (Arizona) 48. Rio Verde Roverettes (Arizona) 15. European Tennessee Walking Horse Association 49. Rocky Mountain Horse Association (Kentucky) 16. Fenway Foundation for Friesian Horses 50. Sound Trails and Rails Society (Georgia) 17. For The Tennessee Walking Horse 51. South Carolina Horse Council 18. Friends of Sound Horses 52. South Dakota Quarter Horse Association 19. Friesian Horse Association of North America 53. Southern Comfort Gaited Horse Club (Idaho) 20. Gaitway Walking Horse Association (Missouri) 54. Speak Up for Horses, Inc. (Kentucky) 21. Highland Equestrian Conservancy (Michigan) 55. Tennessee Walking Horse Exhibitors Association of Montana 22. Idaho Horse Council 56. Tennessee Walking Horse Association of New Jersey, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Horse Racing Industry in Delaware 2018
    11/2/18 The Horse Racing Industry in Delaware Mark Davis A Little History on the Sport } Horse racing is one of the oldest of all sports, and its basic concept has undergone virtually no change over the centuries } 12th Century (1101 to 1200) - The origins of modern racing began in this century when English knights returned from the Crusades with swift Arabian horses. } 1530 - The earliest records of racing in England are recorded at York. Ten years later, Chester had its first race course. } 1665 - British settlers brought horse racing to the New World, and the first American track was laid out in Long Island. } 1750 - American horse breeders and racers establish the Jockey Club. To d ay, the club still defines standards and regulations for racing, racecourses and breeding 1 11/2/18 More } In 1788 the great sire Messenger was brought to America where he stood at stud for 20 years. One of his sons, Hamiltonian, became the father of the American Standardbred breed of harness racing horses. In the United States, every Standardbred horse can trace its heritage to Hambletonian, born May 5, 1849, in Sugar Loaf, N.Y. } 1864 - John Hunter, William R. Travers and former American heavyweight champion John Morrissey had a track built at the popular summer health resort in Saratoga Springs. The inaugural meeting was conducted, and America’s oldest stakes race. } Late 19th century (1890-1900) - Frenchman Pierre Oller developed the pari-mutuel wagering system, In pari-mutuel wagering, people bet money on a specific outcome, and all of the bet money is placed into a pool.
    [Show full text]
  • Event Rules & Regulations
    The Australian Stock Horse Society Limited Event Rules & Regulations Effective 1st September 2019 Please check the Society’s website for the most current version. The Australian Stock Horse Society Limited ABN: 35 001 440 437 A: 48 Guernsey Street / PO Box 288, Scone NSW 2337 Australia P: (02) 6545 1122 E: [email protected] W: www.ashs.com.au Summary of Event Rules & Regulation Updates - 2019 Edition - September Release Current Current New Section Page Page Version Topic Details of Change 1 - Aims & Definitions and Event Management 1 3 3 5.1 The Aims 2.1 A full list of aims appears in the Society’s Articles of Association Constitution. The following are highlighted for the purpose of this publication: 1 New 4 5.1 Definitions New 5.1.1. The Board is the Board of Directors of the Society or by delegation the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). 1 4 4 5.1 Definitions 5.2 BRANCH means a local branch formed in accordance with the Society’s Articles of Association Constitution. 1 4 4 5.1 Definitions 5.3 MANAGEMENT COUNCIL means a regional body formed in accordance with the Society’s Articles of Association Constitution. 1 New 6 5.1 Event Management New 6.1.2 All events run by ASHS Branches are to be restricted to Competition Eligible Registered Australian Stock Horses only, unless permission for "not ASHS restricted" status is obtained. See Section 1, 15.6 1 New 6 5.1 Event Management New 6.4 Prior to advertising any event a Branch or Management Council must have submitted an Event Notification to Head Office.
    [Show full text]