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Horse Care and Abuse Investigation Operational Guide Horse Care and Abuse Investigation ©2010 American Humane Association Copyright Notice: In receiving these Operational Guides in electronic file format, the Recipient agrees to the following terms: 1) Recipient will not post the electronic copy on any internet or intranet websites, 2) Recipient will not distribute electronic copy(ies), and 3) Recipient will not edit the contents of the Operational Guides received and will not incorporate content into Recipient’s written shelter materials without obtaining additional copyright permission from American Humane. The printing or distributing of copies outside the Recipient’s organization without the prior written consent of American Humane constitutes a violation of U.S. copyright law and the limited-use permission implicit in the receipt of the electronic files. © 2010 American Humane Association i Operational Guide for Animal Care and Control Agencies: Horse Care and Abuse Investigation Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 Terminology .............................................................................................................................. 3 Vital Signs ................................................................................................................................. 4 Body Temperature ................................................................................................................ 4 Pulse ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Respiration ............................................................................................................................ 4 Mucous Membranes .............................................................................................................. 5 Dietary Needs............................................................................................................................ 6 Water ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Food ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Feeding the Chronically Malnourished or Starving Horse ..................................................... 10 Housing Requirements ............................................................................................................ 11 Equine Health.......................................................................................................................... 12 Internal Parasites ................................................................................................................. 12 Teeth ................................................................................................................................... 14 Hooves ................................................................................................................................ 15 Use Abuses.............................................................................................................................. 19 Overriding ........................................................................................................................... 19 Transporting ........................................................................................................................ 19 Soreing ................................................................................................................................ 20 Assessing Levels of Abuse/Neglect in a Horse ...................................................................... 21 Henneke Body Condition Scoring Chart ............................................................................ 22 Common Horse Abuses .......................................................................................................... 25 Abuse Investigation ................................................................................................................ 26 Receiving the Complaint ..................................................................................................... 26 Dispatching the Call ............................................................................................................ 26 Arrival on Scene ................................................................................................................. 27 Animal Documentation ....................................................................................................... 30 Witnesses ............................................................................................................................ 31 Expert Witnesses ................................................................................................................. 32 Evidence Collection ............................................................................................................ 32 Interview and Interrogation ................................................................................................. 33 Report Writing and Courtroom Preparation ....................................................................... 36 Resource Guide ....................................................................................................................... 37 iv Operational Guide for Animal Care and Control Agencies: Horse Care and Abuse Investigation Introduction Traditionally, people used horses as either experience horses’ unique strengths in a working animals or high-dollar athletes. positive, supportive environment. They most often kept them on rural Examples include western, English, ranches, farms, and other horse operations. jumping, hunt seat, halter, pleasure, side- The growing popularity of horses as saddle, with a carriage or cart, three- wonderful companion animals, however, gaited, or five-gaited events. means increasing numbers of them now live in more typical American households. This popular demand for horses also It’s estimated that 5.1 million horses are creates many problems. Despite their great kept as family pets1 in 4.2 million size, horses can be very fragile animals, households in the United States.2 (This susceptible to a wide variety of serious number doesn’t include the millions of illnesses and injuries. Many new horse commercial horses bred for racing and owners have very little understanding of a other operations.) horse’s care, needs, and limitations. They do not know what is right, what is wrong, At its best, the relationship between people or what is cruel. As a result, horses often and horses celebrates a unique bond. suffer many abuses due to carelessness Indeed, horses historically played an and ignorance. Most of these unintentional integral role in the development of modern abuses could be avoided if people were society. From plowing fields and ferrying better informed. mail, to building rail systems and hauling much-needed supplies, the horse remained With horses’ increased presence in the a true ally. average American home, animal care and control agencies increasingly find While modern machinery replaced many themselves caring for a growing traditional uses of the horse, the human- population of horses. horse relationship continues in different ways. These days, equine-assisted therapy Education remains the greatest means of programs give individuals with disabilities abuse prevention. The more people know a way to experience the wonders of horses. about horses, understand their nature, This therapy also improves muscle tone, necessities, limitations, capabilities, and balance, posture, coordination, motor proper use, the less horse abuse we will development, and emotional well-being.3 see. Trainers now teach miniature horses to serve as guide animals for the blind or Most people want to give their horse the hearing impaired. A variety of show best of treatment, but they simply do not opportunities for professional, amateur, know how. At a minimum, animal care and young riders allow others to professionals should provide the public with information on basic horse care and 1 recognize the most visible signs of abuse U.S. Pet Ownership & Demographics or neglect. That is the goal of this guide. Sourcebook, American Veterinary Medical Association, 2002. 2 APPMA’s 2005/2006 National Pet Owners Survey. 3 North American Riding for the Handicapped Association, Inc. © 2010 American Humane Association 1 Operational Guide for Animal Care and Control Agencies: Horse Care and Abuse Investigation Note: While ponies, burros, and mules are problem — people often believe that they not specifically referenced, instruction are tougher than a horse and can endure given here is equally applicable to all more. Sometimes, the result is that they three. Quite similar physiologically, they receive less care than a horse. For experience many of the same problems. simplicity sake, this guide references all Burros and mules, however, face an added three as “horse.” 2 © 2010 American Humane Association Operational Guide for Animal Care and Control Agencies: Horse Care and Abuse Investigation Terminology Animal care professionals need to be Gut sounds - The noises that can be heard familiar with a variety of terms specific to from a horse’s stomach the world of horses. Hand(s) - Common way to measure Bale - A measurement of
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