DOCSLIB.ORG

Nile Basin and Sub-Basin Delineation by Digital Elevation Models

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nile Basin and Sub-Basin Delineation by Digital Elevation Models BASIN AND SUB-BASIN DELINEATION IN THE NILE BASIN Nile basin and sub-basin delineation by digital elevation models SyRIAN ARAB About this poster ISRAEL ---,)3EPUBLIC MediterraneanSea IRAQarfo Basin area estimates have changed over time as digital elevation models and satellite imagery ,Jer,iisaLe *Amman (_"! have improved. In fact several Nile Basin delineations exist, which include 1) Hydro 1k (orange .A..l.e. .x. .a. n. d. .r. .i a.. ___i ,T, - /' ', ! .,._, line), 2) FAO Nile 1998 (blue line), and 3) FAO Nile 2007 (purple line), as presented in Figure 1. '.-., ,2--......,,.. ,.... -,JORDA_N -71-i---,-7,, . Cairo The FAO 2007 delineation was carried out k .. )`, ................ ' ' s Figure 1: Different Nile basin delineations Al Jizah , / . ., ... I,, on the basis of the SRTM Digital Eleva- .... , tion Model (DEM) and Landsat imagery. Mediterranean Sea ....., . :. ,, . ....., i . ) For locations where the water divide was . k 5 ,A, unclear, the drainage direction was de- 1. SAUDI ARABIA LIBYAN .. , termined by ‘manual intepretation’, i.e. ARAB ...... ...... , .. ......., , .: checking the direction of the closest JAMAHIRIYA , , . .-. , . water courses using Landsat ETM+ Mo- ...... i ,..7 ... ;...... ? '...... saics or Landsat TM images made avail- ,,,,,_ , ' able by the Global Land Cover Facility EGYPT , , t 0,-,- Medina ', (http://glcfapp.umiacs.umd.edu:8080/es : .' AI.Jawf :.,Asw5n i.,-\ ....... di/index.jsp). , A large number of small corrections were Lake made relative to the previous delinea- NasserIj tions. Two ‘controversial’ areas stand out: I .. 1,, ..... -- `, , Jiddaiy I *714 .....::,7 ,..,,' 1) Wadi Howar in northern Sudan, and 2) Main Nile ),, (% , : I) Mecca downstream qf the 9''' Atbarah confluence ,r / Lotikipi plain in north-east Kenya. Both , ,1 GT.fl I ) ) i I 11 areas are very flat and a difference of 1-2 1 '-----_,'i1..'.. , 7...*. )) meters in the SRTM DEM can make a : 5' ,.......;,,,,..,_Port Sudari . , . r relatively large change in basin delinea- .. tion. It was concluded that Wadi Howar SUDAN no longer contributed to the Nile Basin CHAD Legend Delineations of the Nile Basin due to sand dunes that have blocked the , FAO 2007 i original wadi, transferring Wadi Howar FAO 1998 EHyd ro 1K into a dormant or fossil sub basin. Maiie Nile Oindurrn ...... downstréam qf the Khartoum cbnfluence a I By contrast, the Lotikipi Plain (30,769 km2) in north-east Kenya is most likely contributing to Khartoum the Nile flows in very wet years, and thus technically belongs to the Nile. As a result of the evolution of digital mapping, the poster shows the principal sub basins adopted for FAO Nile project The definition of sub-basins for which the balance has been carried out has been . _ ,/ White Nile ' f derived on the basis of Hydroshed (http://hydrosheds.cr.usgs.gov) 15 second data and 'A 44, comprises the 11 principal sub-basins listed in Table 1. This group of sub-basins is used 1 1 ' ) Bahr el Arab ts. 3 subsequently to run a basin water balance. \ '1 ) / / ,/ OThO a z \W r'r Table 1: Principle Nile sub-basin areas / Os 5 ./ / I , 5Thi ) 1... --,1' j . 2 °' ,m° ) Bahr el Aral, .,., NBI Grouping Countries Sub-basin Area (km ) 1-- Equatorial Lakes .. Burundi Lake Victoria 264 985 Bahr el Ghazal ,- S Kenya .....10,- Pibor Rwanda ,,.< 'S° e) I'»'» Akabo-2 Sobat / ,,,, / s/ _,_.: I 1 ,, i ) Tanzania CENTRL AFRICAN /..' / 'SS') 7 ..... \ 4 1- i ' r , ., s ,.. ,0 , I .; 5 j RPUBLIC( , 5 1 i \-S Uganda ,, 9 1 / .... '.. '3 A'--'' 'Os ,, "r ,Bame el Jabel - ,, ,' Z DR Congo Lake Kyoga - lake Albert - Aswa 197 253 ; rz '.:'s-j, /Budd ' , ' I s l ./ ) i 1 1 1 Juba ETHIOPIA Uganda ' r \ Sudan Bahr el Jebel – Sudd 136 400 I\ 1' Sudan Bahr el Ghazal 236 330 Sudan Bahr el Arab 370 098 MOCRATIC R BLIC Lake Kyoga- KENYA 0', Lake AlBert-Aswa Eastern Nile Kenya Sobat 247 779 OF THE CONGO Victo, Lake Ethiopia Lake K.ova Albert Araibibli It up; Sudan Lbw,. UGA Sudan White Nile 220 943 Legend kárnpata Ethiopia Blue Nile 308 198 Administration Country boundary Sudan - - Country boundary in dispute Eduanil Lake Ethiopia Atbara 237 044 ® Capital), major city Victoria Hydrography Eritrea N. Lake, reservoir Lake Victoria Sudan River Intermittent river Sudan Main Nile downstream of Khartoum 34 523 Canal (under construction) confluence (to Atbara) Tunnel ....... Basin boundary .., ake Egypt Main Nile downstream of Atbara confluence 877 866 Ebasi :**' Sudan 50 10U 200 200 km UNITED REPUBLIt contra-ma/ con, pro,oclion 1WGS 19001 OLambartStandard paraLMLs 25°N and 2°N - Central mendlan 32"E a. F TANZANIA TOTAL 3 170 418 Information Products for Nile Basin Water Resources Management GCP/INT/945/ITA burundi d.r.congo egypt eritrea ethiopia kenya rwanda sudan u.r.tanzania uganda The project attempted to strengthen the ability of the governments of the Nile Riparian States to take informed decisions on water resources policy and management matters regarding the common Nile resource. It included a major capacity building component. The project www.fao.org/nr/water/faonile was implemented under the umbrella of the Nile Basin Initiative. Disclaimer A project sponsored by the Government of Italy The designations employed and the presentation of material in the map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Influence of South Sudan's Independence on the Nile Basin's Water Politics
    A New Stalemate: Examensarbete i Hållbar Utveckling 196 The Influence of South Sudan’s Master thesis in Sustainable Development Independence on the Nile Basin’s Water Politics A New Stalemate: The Influence of South Sudan’s Jon Roozenbeek Independence on the Nile Basin’s Water Politics Jon Roozenbeek Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences Master Thesis E, in Sustainable Development, 15 credits Printed at Department of Earth Sciences, Master’s Thesis Geotryckeriet, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 2014. E, 15 credits Examensarbete i Hållbar Utveckling 196 Master thesis in Sustainable Development A New Stalemate: The Influence of South Sudan’s Independence on the Nile Basin’s Water Politics Jon Roozenbeek Supervisor: Ashok Swain Evaluator: Eva Friman Master thesis in Sustainable Development Uppsala University Department of Earth Sciences Content 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 6 1.1. Research Aim .................................................................................................................. 6 1.2. Purpose ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.3. Methods ........................................................................................................................... 6 1.4. Case Selection ................................................................................................................. 7 1.5. Limitations .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • River Nile Politics: the Role of South Sudan
    UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES RIVER NILE POLITICS: THE ROLE OF SOUTH SUDAN R52/68513/2013 MATARA JAMES KAMAU A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE AWARD OF A DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT. OCTOBER 2015 DECLARATION This research project is my original work and has not been submitted for another Degree in any other University Signature ……………………………..…Date……………………………………. Matara James Kamau, R52/68513/2013 This research project has been submitted for examination with my permission as the University supervisor Signature………………………………...Date…………………………………… Prof. Maria Nzomo ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, all thanks to God Almighty for the strength and ability to pursue this degree. For without him, there would be no me. I wish to express my sincere thanks to Professor Maria Nzomo the research supervisor for her tireless effort and professional guidance in making this project a success. I also extend my deepest gratitude to entire university academic staff in particular those working in the Institute of Diplomacy and International Studies. iii DEDICATION I dedicate this research project to my entire Matara‘s family for moral and financial support during the time of research iv ABSTRACT This study focused on River Nile Politics, a study of the role of South Sudan. The study relates to the emergence of a new state amongst existing riparian states and how this may resonate with trans-boundary conflicts. The independence of South Sudan has been revealed in this study to have a mixture of unanswered questions. The study is grounded on Collier- Hoeffer theory analysed the trans-boundary conflict based on the framework of many variable including: identities, economics, religion and social status in the Nile basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Profile – Ethiopia
    Country profile – Ethiopia Version 2016 Recommended citation: FAO. 2016. AQUASTAT Country Profile – Ethiopia. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Rome, Italy The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licencerequest or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/ publications) and can be purchased through [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • The Nile: Evolution, Quaternary River Environments and Material Fluxes
    13 The Nile: Evolution, Quaternary River Environments and Material Fluxes Jamie C. Woodward1, Mark G. Macklin2, Michael D. Krom3 and Martin A.J. Williams4 1School of Environment and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK 2Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, UK 3School of Earth Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK 4Geographical and Environmental Studies, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia 13.1 INTRODUCTION et al., 1980; Williams et al., 2000; Woodward et al., 2001; Krom et al., 2002) as well as during previous interglacial The Nile Basin contains the longest river channel system and interstadial periods (Williams et al., 2003). The true in the world (>6500 km) that drains about one tenth of the desert Nile begins in central Sudan at Khartoum (15° African continent. The evolution of the modern drainage 37′ N 32° 33′ E) on the Gezira Plain where the Blue Nile network and its fl uvial geomorphology refl ect both long- and the White Nile converge (Figure 13.1). These two term tectonic and volcanic processes and associated systems, and the tributary of the Atbara to the north, are changes in erosion and sedimentation, in addition to sea all large rivers in their own right with distinctive fl uvial level changes (Said, 1981) and major shifts in climate and landscapes and process regimes. The Nile has a total vegetation during the Quaternary Period (Williams and catchment area of around 3 million km2 (Figure 13.1 and Faure, 1980). More recently, human impacts in the form Table 13.1).
    [Show full text]
  • The Nile Dam Dispute: Issues for Congress
    INSIGHTi The Nile Dam Dispute: Issues for Congress July 27, 2020 Overview A long-running dispute between Ethiopia, Egypt, and Sudan over the waters of the Nile flared in 2020, as Ethiopia moves toward completion of Africa’s largest hydroelectric power project, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). The domestic stakes are high for both Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who seeks to guide Ethiopia through a fragile political transition, and Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah al Sisi, who seeks to preserve Egypt’s share of the Nile amidst population growth, pollution, and rising sea levels. Efforts to resolve the conflict, including by the United States, have yet to result in a final agreement. Alongside the potential for the dispute to escalate, failure to reach an accord could set a negative precedent for transboundary water cooperation at a time of growing global concern over climate change, demographic growth, and resource scarcity. Background For Ethiopia, where almost 70% the rural population lacks access to electricity, the GERD would significantly expand domestic power capacity and allow the country to sell excess electricity to its neighbors. When construction began on the $4 billion project in 2011, then-Prime Minister Meles Zenawi pledged that Ethiopia would finance the project itself, funding it through government bonds, donations, taxes, and a portion of civil servants’ salaries. He envisioned the 6,000-megawatt GERD as powering Ethiopia’s development and helping to lift its population out of poverty. The project has been a source of national pride for Ethiopians, and a rallying point amidst recent domestic troubles.
    [Show full text]
  • New Ethiopian Dam Sparks Controversy Among Nile States
    BRIEFING New Ethiopian dam sparks controversy among Nile states SUMMARY Successive negotiation rounds between Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt about the filling and operation of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) have ended in stalemate. This new dam, built by Ethiopia on the Blue Nile (the Nile's main tributary), will bring into operation Africa's largest hydropower plant. It is expected to secure access to electricity for the majority of Ethiopians, to foster economic development and to provide revenues from the sale of surplus electricity abroad. For its part, Sudan expects the new dam will not only help regulate the flow of the Nile and prevent devastating floods but also provide access to cheap energy; still, it fears the new dam will hinder the yield of its own dam – Roseires – situated within a short distance downstream. Egypt too is worried about the potential impact of the new dam on its own Aswan High Dam, and that it will give Ethiopia control over the flow of the Nile and reduce the fresh water available for Egyptians. Yet again, the GERD has reignited a long rivalry about the sharing of waters among the Nile basin countries. Most – including Ethiopia – have signed a comprehensive framework agreement on the water management of the Nile and its tributaries. However, Sudan and Egypt have refused to take part in the Nile basin comprehensive framework agreement, unless it recognises their right to oversee the use of most of the Nile waters, which a bilateral treaty of 1959 accorded to them, but which is contested by other basin countries.
    [Show full text]
  • NILE BASIN REGIONAL HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL NETWORK Facts About the Nile Basin
    FactsFacts about about the the Nile Nile Ba Basisinn BasinBasin Area Area 3,1763,176 X X 10 103 3Km Km2 2 LLococationation -4-40S0S to to 31 310 N0 N and and 24 240 E0 E to to 40 400 E0 E MainMain Tributaries Tributaries VictoriaVictoria Nile/Albert Nile/Albert Nile, Nile, B Bahahr rEl El Jabel, Jabel, W Whihitete Nile, Nile, Baro Baro Pi Pibor-Sobat,bor-Sobat, BlueBlue Nile, Nile, Atbara, Atbara, Bahr Bahr El El Ghazal Ghazal RiverRiver Length Length 6,6956,695 Km Km ( on(onee of of the the world’s world’s longest longest River) River) EstimatedEstimated Naviga Navigablblee Length Length 4,1494,149 Km Km CountCountririeses BurundiBurundi DR D CongoR Congo EgyEgyptpt EtEthihiopiaopia KenyaKenya RwandaRwanda SoutSouth Sudanh SudanThThe Sudane Sudan TanzaniaTanzania Uganda Uganda EritreaEritrea MMajajoror Lakes Lakes within within the the Basin Basin LakeLake Victoria, Victoria, Lake Lake Tana, Tana, Lake Lake Kyoga, Kyoga, Lake Lake Albert Albert PopulationPopulation (Total (Total in in all all the the Nile Nile Countries)* Countries)* 437437 Million Million %% Population Population within within the the Nile Nile Basin* Basin* 54%54% (238 (238 Million) Million) TemperatureTemperature NightNight M Mininimumimum -10 -100 c0 c and and daily daily Maximum Maximum in in June June 47 470 c0 c PrecipitationPrecipitation MaxMax Annual Annual 2,098 2,098 mm/yr mm/yr in in Ethiopia Ethiopia MinMin Annual Annual 0 0 mm/yr mm/yr in in Egypt Egypt MeanMean Ann Annuaual low ow (Discharge) (Discharge) (m (m3/yr)3/yr) at at Aswan Aswan 8484 X X 10 109
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Victoria Experience and Lessons Learned Brief
    Lake Victoria Experience and Lessons Learned Brief Sixtus Kayombo*, Dar es Salaam University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, [email protected] Sven Erik Jorgensen, Royal Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark * Corresponding author 1. Introduction fl ushing time is 123 years. Because of its long retention time, pollutants entering the lake remain in it for a long time. Lake Victoria is the second largest freshwater lake in the world by area (Figure 1), and has the world’s largest freshwater Domestic and industrial wastewater, solid wastes, sediments fi shery, largely based on the introduced of Nile perch, which from soil erosion in the catchment area, agricultural wastes supports an economically and socially important export fi shery and atmospheric deposition are the major nutrient sources for the riparian countries. The lake basin supports about 30 to the lake. Parts of Lake Victoria, especially the deeper million people and is the source of the Nile River. The threats areas, are now considered dead zones, unable to sustain life facing the lake include eutrophication, over-exploitation of due to oxygen defi ciency in the water. The threats facing the fi sheries, introduced exotic species, and climate change. The lake have caused considerable hardship for the populations population in the catchment is growing rapidly, with the lake dependent on it for their livelihoods, and also have reduced itself attracting people because of the economic opportunities the biodiversity of the lake’s fauna, most notably the it offers. The lake’s water residence time is 23 years, while its phytoplankton and fi sh.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolving Approaches to Nile Waters Management
    THE NILE BASIN: EVOLVING APPROACHES TO NILE WATERS MANAGEMENT J. Anthony Allan, SOAS, University of London UK, [email protected] Occasional Paper 20 SOAS Water Issues Group June 1999 Abstract The paper will review briefly to hydraulic engineering history and the hydropolitical contexts of such development. After a century of activity inspired by an ambitious hydraulic mission the numerous stakeholders in the Nile system are currently influenced by a new water resources mission inspired by environmental and economic principles. The decade of the 1990s, in the post-Cold War era, has witnessed considerable positive progress towards a co- operative international relations regime over Nile waters. This progress has been made despite the numerous armed conflicts in the Horn of Africa, in the south of Sudan and in Rwanda and neighbouring territories. None of these conflicts has been water related; nor has there been any attempt to date to link Nile waters to other conflictual issues as is usual in other MENA (Middle East and North Africa) river basins. The analysis will be informed by international relations theory and illustrated by observation of the contribution of the upstream and downstream riparians to the very important discourse on an as yet very partially developed river basin. Introduction At the end of the twentieth century the Nile hydrological system is of major economic significance to two of its riparians, Egypt and the Sudan; its waters could be of economic significance to at least four of its other riparians. A number of forces external to the Nile Basin have shaped the history of water resource development in the Basin in the past century.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Nile Basin Initiative Balancing Historical Rights, National Needs and Regional Interests
    Understanding the Nile Basin Initiative Balancing historical rights, national needs and regional interests By Hanne Knaepen and Bruce Byiers* This background paper is part of a series on the Political Economy Dynamics of Regional Organisations (PEDRO). It was prepared in March 2017. In line with ECDPM's mission to inform and facilitate EU-Africa policy dialogue, and financed by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, BMZ, the studies analyse key policy areas of seventeen regional organisations in Sub-Saharan Africa. In doing so they address three broad questions: What is the political traction of the organisations around different policy areas? What are the key member state interests in the regional agenda? What are the areas with most future traction for regional organisations to promote cooperation and integration around specific areas? The studies aim to advance thinking on how regional policies play out in practice, and ways to promote politically feasible and adaptive approaches to regional cooperation and integration. Further information can be found at www.ecdpm.org/pedro. * Author contact: Hanne Knaepen ([email protected]). Project team leader: Bruce Byiers ([email protected]). 1 Table of Contents List of Acronyms 3 1. Introduction 4 2. On “assessing the political traction of regional organisations” 5 2.1. Structural and institutional drivers and obstacles 5 2.2. Expanding agenda and implementation challenges 8 2.3. Finance, external drivers and blockers 11 3. On the “political interests” of member states 14 4. On
    [Show full text]
  • Reoi) (Consulting Services) Nile Basin Intiative (Nbi
    REQUEST FOR EXPRESSIONS OF INTEREST (REOI) (CONSULTING SERVICES) NILE BASIN INTIATIVE (NBI)/NILE EQUATORIAL LAKES SUBSIDIARY ACTION PROGRAM (NELSAP) FEASIBILITY STUDIES, DETAILED DESIGN AND TENDER DOCUMENTS FOR ANGOLOLO WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Sector: Water, Agriculture & Natural Resource Management Grant No: 5150155002751 Project ID No.: P-Z1-DZ0-024 This Request for ExPressions of Interest (REOI) follows the General Procurement Notice (GPN) for this Project that appeared in United Nations Development Business online (UNDB online) No. AfDB1109-10/16 and on the African DeveloPment Bank’s Internet Website (www.afdb.org) on February 08, 2019. The Nile Basin Initiative/ Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (NBI/NELSAP) has received financing from the African DeveloPment Bank (AfDB) managed NEPAD Infrastructure Project PreParation Facility (NEPAD-IPPF) towards the cost of preParing Angololo Water Resources DeveloPment Project, and intends to apPly Part of the funds for PreParing Feasibility Studies, Detailed Design and Tender Documents for the project. The consulting service (“the Services”) is to undertake Feasibility Studies Detailed Design and Tender Document Preparation for Angololo Water Resources Development Project located in Tororo district, Uganda, and Busia County, Kenya, at the border of Uganda and Kenya, within the Sio-Malaba-Malakisi Sub-basin. The ProPosed Project aims at developing irrigated agriculture estimated at 3,300 hectares with Angololo dam as the water source. The Project will also exPlore potential to promote other water uses such as water suPPly, flood control, hydro Power generation from Angololo dam and watershed management of critically degraded contributing sub-catchments. The studies envisage assessment of the likely feasibility and benefits from technical, economic, financial, environmental, social, and institutional perspectives, as well as consideration of possible financing options.
    [Show full text]
  • Example of the Nile Basin Initiative
    The Nile Basin Initiative Example of Transboundary Water Governance Dr. Nicholas Azza 1 The Nile DSS . Given history of deep mistrust, countries will be suspicious of any arguments on water resources potential and impacts of any Nile project put forth by any riparian country . The Nile DSS has been developed to provide a common credible planning tool accessible to all cooperating parties . Also meant to nurture a culture of knowledge- based water resources management in the basin . Being used to develop future projections of water demand in the Nile Basin under different climate change scenarios and advise on how to reconcile between water demand and resource availability 5 Screen shot from the Nile DSS 6 Nile Basin Sustainability Framework . The NBI develops policies, strategies and guidelines to guide its work . These are organised under the Nile Basin Sustainability Framework . The policies and guidelines are only applicable to NBI centres and NBI activities . Includes – Environment and Social Policy, ESIA guidelines, Social Assessment guidelines, Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, Gender Policy, Stakeholder Participation Policy, Communication Strategy, Data Sharing and Exchange Guidelines 7 Information sharing and data exchange . Interim arrangements made for data sharing and exchange: o Nile Basin data and information sharing and exchange interim procedures 2011 . The data and information are with respect to requirements for preparation of investment projects under a transboundary framework 8 Subsidiarity principle . The subsidiarity principle is one of the normative rules of cooperation in the NBI. Under this principle, two sub-basin organisations have set up in the Nile Basin: o One in the Eastern Nile sub-basin and o Other in the Nile Equatorial Lakes region .
    [Show full text]