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In the Long Island and It's Adjacent Areas in Middle Andaman, India
Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 47 (01), January 2018, pp. 96-102 Diversity and distribution of gorgonians (Octocorallia) in the Long Island and it’s adjacent areas in Middle Andaman, India J. S. Yogesh Kumar1*, S. Geetha2, C. Raghunathan3 & R. Sornaraj2 1Marine Aquarium and Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change), Government of India, Digha – 721428, West Bengal, India. 2Research Department of Zoology, Kamaraj College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Thoothukudi – 628003, Tamil Nadu, India. 3Zoological Survey of India (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change), Government of India, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata - 700 053,West Bengal, India. [E.mail: [email protected] ] Received 05 November 2015 ; revised 17 November 2016 The diversity and distribution of gorgonian were assessed at seven sites at Long Island and it’s adjusting areas in Middle Andaman during 2013 to 2015. A total of 28 species of gorgonians are reported in shallow reef areas. Maximum life form was observed in Guaiter Island and Minimum in Headlamp Patch. A significant positive correlation was observed between the Islands, the species diversity was high for the genera Junceella, Subergorgia and Ellisella. Principal Component Analysis also supported for this three genes. [Keywords: Diversity, Gorgonian, Octocoral, Long Island, Middle Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar, India] Introduction The gorgonians popularly called as sea In India, the study on gorgonians fans and sea whips are marine sessile taxonomy initiated by Thomson and coelenterates with colonial skeleton and living Henderson15,16 and 50 species were reported of polyps1. They are exceptionally productive and a which 26 species were new from oyster banks of valuable natural asset. -
Extreme Habitat Specialisation and Population Structure of Two Gorgonian-Associated Pygmy Seahorses
Vol. 444: 195–206, 2012 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published January 10 doi: 10.3354/meps09471 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Extreme habitat specialisation and population structure of two gorgonian-associated pygmy seahorses R. E. Smith*, A. S. Grutter, I. R. Tibbetts School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia ABSTRACT: Pygmy seahorses are a group of little-known miniature hippocampid fish that differ considerably in biology and ecology from their larger congeners. We estimated the population density, sex ratio and habitat of 2 sympatric, obligate gorgonian-associated pygmy seahorses, Hip- pocampus bargibanti and H. denise, in a 20 km long coastal marine protected area in southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Belt transects covering 200 m2 each were surveyed at 7 sites and 5 depth con- tours to record the density of seahorses and their host gorgonians. The population density (±SE) was 1.17 (±0.27) per 200 m2 for H. denise and 0.34 (±0.20) per 200 m2 for H. bargibanti, some of the lowest densities for unexploited seahorse populations studied thus far. Male−female pairs (43.9%) were the most common group composition for H. denise, with single, 3 or 4 individuals found on 19.5, 7.3 and 29.3% of inhabited gorgonians, respectively. H. denise inhabited 7.8% of Annella reticulata gorgonians within the survey area but were recorded from a total of 8 gorgon- ian genera during extensive opportunistic ad hoc searches. Annella spp. density was 10.7 times higher than that of Muricella spp. (the sole host of H. bargibanti), of which 20.0% were inhabited. -
Host Species of Pygmy Seahorses
University of Groningen Fish, fans and hydroids Reijnen, Bastian T.; van der Meij, Sancia E. T.; van Ofwegen, Leen P. Published in: Zookeys DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.103.953 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2011 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Reijnen, B. T., van der Meij, S. E. T., & van Ofwegen, L. P. (2011). Fish, fans and hydroids: Host species of pygmy seahorses. Zookeys, (103), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.103.953 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. -
Chemical Versus Structural Defense Against Fish Predation in Two Dominant Soft Coral Species (Xeniidae) in the Red Sea
Vol. 23: 129–137, 2015 AQUATIC BIOLOGY Published online January 22 doi: 10.3354/ab00614 Aquat Biol OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Chemical versus structural defense against fish predation in two dominant soft coral species (Xeniidae) in the Red Sea Ben Xuan Hoang1,2,*, Yvonne Sawall1, Abdulmohsin Al-Sofyani3, Martin Wahl1 1Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, GEOMAR, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany 2Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 01 Cada, Nha Trang, Vietnam 3Faculty of Marine Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT: Soft corals of the family Xeniidae are particularly abundant in Red Sea coral reefs. Their success may be partly due to a strong defense mechanism against fish predation. To test this, we conducted field and aquarium experiments in which we assessed the anti-feeding effect of sec- ondary metabolites of 2 common xeniid species, Ovabunda crenata and Heteroxenia ghardaqen- sis. In the field experiment, the metabolites of both investigated species reduced feeding on exper- imental food pellets in the natural population of Red Sea reef fishes by 86 and 92% for O. crenata and H. ghardaqensis, respectively. In the aquarium experiment, natural concentration of soft coral crude extract reduced feeding on experimental food pellets in the moon wrasse Thalassoma lunare (a common reef fish) by 83 and 85% for O. crenata and H. ghardaqensis, respectively. Moon wrasse feeding was even reduced at extract concentrations as low as 12.5% of the natural crude extract concentration in living soft coral tissues. To assess the potential of a structural anti- feeding defense, sclerites of O. -
Co-Occurrence of Chemical and Structural Defenses in the Gorgonian Corals of Guam
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 239: 105–114, 2002 Published August 23 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Co-occurrence of chemical and structural defenses in the gorgonian corals of Guam Melany P. Puglisi1,*, Valerie J. Paul3, Jason Biggs3, Marc Slattery1, 2 1Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA 2National Center for the Development of Natural Products, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA 3University of Guam Marine Laboratory, Mangilao 96913, Guam ABSTRACT: Chemical and structural defense mechanisms have been reported to co-occur in algae and some soft corals. This study addressed the co-occurrence of chemical and structural defense mechanisms in 7 of the common gorgonian species found around Guam, specifically focusing on pat- terns of within-colony variation of these 2 modes of defense. Lipophilic crude extract and sclerite con- centrations were compared among the base, mid-axis and tip of multiple colonies of each species. Crude extract concentrations differed significantly among parts of Annella mollis, A. reticulata, Suber- gorgia suberosa, and Viminella sp. colonies. Sclerite concentrations differed significantly within colonies of Astrogorgia sp. and Villogorgia sp. Crude extracts and sclerites from the mid-axes and tips of the colonies were assayed in the field against natural assemblages of reef fishes. Extracts from the tips of 6 of the 7 species were unpalatable to fishes. Of these 6 species, extracts from the mid-axes of A. mollis, A. reticulata and S. suberosa, all of the family Subergorgiidae, deterred fish feeding. Chemical and structural defenses co-occurred in representatives of the families Plexauriidae (Astro- gorgia sp. -
A New Species of Melithaea (Anthozoa, Octocorallia
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeysA 623: new 15–29 species (2016) of Melithaea (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Melithaeidae) from the Oman Sea... 15 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.623.10045 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new species of Melithaea (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Melithaeidae) from the Oman Sea, off Oman Kaveh Samimi-Namin1, Leen P. van Ofwegen1, Catherine S. McFadden2 1 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands 2 Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, 1250 N. Dartmouth Ave., Claremont, CA 91711 USA Corresponding author: Kaveh Samimi-Namin ([email protected]; [email protected]) Academic editor: B.W. Hoeksema | Received 9 August 2016 | Accepted 20 September 2016 | Published 11 October 2016 http://zoobank.org/B6D8FBA0-BC32-41A8-9D22-1B3D64304ABB Citation: Samimi-Namin K, Ofwegen van LP, McFadden CS (2016) A new species of Melithaea (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Melithaeidae) from the Oman Sea, off Oman. ZooKeys 623: 15–29.doi: 10.3897/zookeys.623.10045 Abstract A new species, Melithaea davidi sp. n., is described from the eastern coast of Oman, Oman Sea, in the northwestern Indian Ocean, where it differs from its congeners in lacking capstans and having predomi- nantly spindles in the coenenchyme. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of mtMutS and 28S rDNA genes suggests that it is genetically distinct from similar species in the Red Sea. Furthermore, a species previously reported as Acabaria sp. from the Arabian Sea is now identified as Melithaea mabahissi (Hickson, 1940). Keywords Persian Gulf, octocorals, Indian Ocean, Middle East, northwest Indian Ocean Introduction Melithaeidae, one of the 49 presently recognized families of octocorals (Ofwegen and McFadden 2010; McFadden and Ofwegen 2012, 2013; Breedy et al. -
Studies on the Alcyonacean Fauna of Gulf of Mannar 21 ISSN 0375-1511
SIVALEELA and PADMANABAN: Studies on the Alcyonacean fauna of Gulf of Mannar 21 ISSN 0375-1511 Rec. zool. Surv. India : 115(Part-1) : 21-30, 2015 STUDIES ON THE ALCYONACEAN FAUNA OF GULF OF MANNAR G. SIVALEELA AND PADMANABAN Marine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India 130, Santhome High Road, Chennai-600 028 INTRODUCTION known. No systematic work treats them in Soft corals are conspicuous and colourful detail. Associated organisms include Cling fish, component of coral reef through out the marine Seahorses, brittle stars, Ctenophores, Snails, national parks of India. The soft corals are the Worms, Shrimps and other crustaceans including second largest group of organisms in the coral reef microscopic copepods, soft corals have no massive environment and play a significant role in the global sold skeleton. Around 90 genera of Alcyonacea, coral reef ecology. There is a growing interest belonging to 29 families, have been described from in the biomedical applications of octocorals. the tropical Indo-pacific. Of the 29 families in The order Alcyonacea includes the soft corals the order Alcyonacea, 23 are found in the warm, and the gorgonians. Alcyonacea or soft corals, shallow waters of the Red Sea, the Indian and an order of corals are belongs to the sub class Central- west Pacific oceans. At present the system Octocorallia, (Class Anthozoa, Phylum Cnidaria). is in its least complex stage with all soft corals This class has three distinctly separated orders, and gorgonians being placed in the single order. Helioporacea (Blue coral), Pennatulacea (sea pens) Gorgonians are popularly called Sea fan in marine and Alcyonacea (soft corals and gorgonians) as Coelenterates. -
Check List the Journal Of
11 2 1609 the journal of biodiversity data March 2015 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 11(2): 1609, March 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.2.1609 ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors Checklist of cnidarians from Pakistani waters Shahnawaz Gul1*, André C. Morandini2, Vreni Häussermann3, 4 and Ulrich Pörschmann4 1 Department of Zoology, Jamia Millia Government Degree College, Malir, Karachi, Pakistan 2 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 101, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil 3 Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avda Brasil, 2950, Valparaíso, Chile 4 Huinay Scientific Field Station, Chile * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: We present a species list of the marine MATERIALS AND METHODS cnidarians recorded from the Pakistani waters, north- The species list was compiled through an extensive ern Arabian Sea. It comprises a total of 119 species literature search. The marine cnidarians listed here were distributed in 41 families, 14 orders and 4 classes. With based upon published records from the coast of Pakis- 44 species, the order Scleractinia (class Anthozoa) is tan and its off coastal waters of the northern Arabian the best-represented cnidarian taxon. Cnidarians from Sea; the first record come from 1937. The status of all Pakistan are a poorly studied group which is mentioned listed species was confirmed using established databas- in few occasional papers; no new species have been es (AIMS Coral Fact Sheets, Schuchert 2014, WoRMS). -
Studies on the Shallow Water Octocorals from the Coast of Gulf of Mannar, India J
DOI: 10.21276/sajb.2016.4.11.12 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences (SAJB) ISSN 2321-6883 (Online) Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 2016; 4(11):1045-1053 ISSN 2347-9515 (Print) ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) www.saspublisher.com Original Research Article Studies on the Shallow Water Octocorals from the Coast of Gulf Of Mannar, India J. S. Yogesh Kumar1*, S. Geetha2, R. Sornaraj2 1Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, West Bengal 2Research Department of Zoology, Kamaraj College, Thoothukudi – 628003, Tamil Nadu *Corresponding author J. S. Yogesh Kumar Email: [email protected] Abstract: The studies on diversity and distribution of octocorals were carried out during pearl bed survey on 2008 to 2009 at Gulf of Mannar reef environment. A total of 25 species of octocoral fauna were found from 15 study sites from shallow reef areas. The maximum life form was observed in ST 9 (Thoothukudi) & ST 11 (Vembar) and minimum in ST 15 (Vembar). Of which the Alcyonacea was dominant group followed by Gorgonacea and Pennatulacea at all the study sites, which is contributed with result obtained based on De-Treneded Analysis and Ternary Plot. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis 67% similarity were obtained between the study sites and Principal Component Analysis significant positive correlation was noted between the study sites. The Shannon – Weaver diversity index range upto 1.06 higher degree of similarity of species was found between geographically nearby areas. Details of diversity with various ecological indices along with distributional patterns are depicted in the present paper. -
This Book Is a Guide to Families and Genera of Gorgonians in Indonesian Waters
This book is a guide to families and genera of gorgonians in Indonesian waters. Gorgonians and sea fans are common names for animals grouped under Alcyonacea (soft corals). Together with Helioporacea (blue coral) and Pennatulacea (sea pens) they belong to the larger animal group Octocorallia. Characteristic of this group is that their polyps always have eight tentacles (octo-coral). These animals do not have massive bones like hard corals, but microscopic sclerites to support their bodies, consequently the colonies are soft and flexible and therefore they have a popular name “soft coral”. Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi-LIPI Jl. Pasir Putih No. 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 11048. Indonesia Telp. : 021-64712287, 6452425, 64713850 Fax. : 021-64711948, 64712287 E-mail : [email protected] Url. http://www.oseanografi.lipi.go.id http://coremap.oseanografi.lipi.go.id/ Gorgonians in Indonesian waters Yosephine Tuti Leen P van Ofwegen c PROGRAM COREMAP-CTI PUSAT PENELITIAN OSEANOGRAFI LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA Gorgonians in Indonesian waters Yosephine Tuti Leen P van Ofwegen Gorgonians in Indonesian waters ISBN : 978-602-6504-23-4 Authors Yosephine Tuti Coral Reef Researcher Research Centre for Oceanography Indonesian Institute of Sciences Email : [email protected] Url. http://www.oseanografi.lipi.go.id http://coremap.oseanografi.lipi.go.id/ Leen P van Ofwegen Senior Researcher Naturalis Biodiversity Center NBC · Department of Marine Zoology Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden Email. [email protected] Url. www.naturalis.nl Layout by Dewirina Zulfianita Backcover Picture (Gorgonian as a host of ovulid) by Bastian T Reijnen PT. Media Sains Nasional Ruko Bangbarung Grande No. K-9 Bogor Member of IKAPI No. -
Biogeochemistry of Soft Corals and Black Corals, and Implications for Paleoceanography in the Western Tropical Pacific
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF SOFT CORALS AND BLACK CORALS, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PALEOCEANOGRAPHY IN THE WESTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Branwen Williams, M.S. * * * * The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Approved by: Professor Andrea G. Grottoli, Adviser Professor Larry Krissek Professor Matt Saltzman Adviser Earth Sciences Graduate Program Professor Lonnie Thompson Copyright by Branwen Williams 2009 ABSTRACT Changes in the chemical and biological oceanography accompanying shifts in ENSO conditions in the western tropical Pacific are not well understood and this understanding would be enhanced by high resolution, century-scale proxy records spanning the euphotic zone. Soft corals and black corals are abundant in the western tropical Pacific from the near surface to thousands of meters deep, deposit organic skeleton in concentric bands, and live for hundreds to thousands of years. Geochemical measurements across colony growth axes can serve as proxies for the biogeochemistry of particulate organic matter (POM). Yet, proxy records from these corals in the climatically-sensitive western tropical Pacific have not yet been developed. Here, quantifying the natural variability in organic skeletal δ13C and δ15N values facilitated comparisons of skeletal records from multiple taxa across a depth transect within the euphotic zone. Similar δ15N values between black corals and soft corals collected from a reef offshore of Palau suggest these orders feed at the same trophic level while lower δ13C values in black corals than soft corals indicate a correction of +1.5‰ is needed to compare δ13C values between orders. -
Paulay Et Al 2003
Micronesica 35-36:138-155. 2003 The non-scleractinian Anthozoa (Cnidaria) of the Mariana Islands GUSTAV PAULAY1, MELANY P. PUGLISI2, AND JOHN A. STARMER3 Marine Laboratory University of Guam Mangilao Guam 96923 USA Abstract—The non-scleractinian Anthozoa of the Marianas are reviewed based on literature records and new surveys. Six zoanthids, 8 corallimorpharians, 26 actiniarians, 3 ceriantharians, 10 antipatharians, and 79 octocorals are recorded. The zoanthid, corallimorpharian, and shallow water gorgonian faunas of Guam are relatively well character- ized, although many locally recognized forms remain to be identified to species. Soft corals are relatively well surveyed taxonomically, although information about many species remains limited, due to difficulty of field identification. While large-bodied actiniarians are well known, small species remain little studied. Ceriantharians remain poorly known, while antipatharian records are based on a single deep-water survey in the southern Marianas. A rich deep-water octocoral fauna has been collected, but remains to be studied. Introduction The Mariana Islands are a chain of 15 major volcanic and limestone islands bordering the western margin of the Pacific plate between 13 and 21oN latitude (see Paulay 2003 for a more detailed description of the area). The archipelago is a classic island arc, formed by volcanic eruptions initiated by subduction of the Pacific plate under the Philippine plate, on which the islands lie. The island group comprises two geologically distinct chains, the volcanically inactive and older islands of the Southern Mariana back-arc, extending from Guam to Farallon de Medinilla, and the volcanically active, younger islands of the Northern Mariana fore-arc, extending from Anatahan to Uracas (Fig.