Zur Repräsentation Von Geschichte Und Kultur Des Alten Orients in Großen Europäischen Museen: Die Analyse Der Dauerausstel

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Zur Repräsentation Von Geschichte Und Kultur Des Alten Orients in Großen Europäischen Museen: Die Analyse Der Dauerausstel Zur Repräsentation von Geschichte und Kultur des Alten Orients in großen europäischen Museen: Die Analyse der Dauerausstellungen in den vorderasiatischen Museen im Louvre, British Museum und Pergamonmuseum Inaugural- Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades am Fachbereich Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Hussein Bakkor aus Idleb/ Syrien Berlin 2011 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Dominik Bonatz 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Reinhard Bernbeck Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 14. November 2011 ii Hiermit versichere ich, dass ich die vorlegende Arbeit mit dem Titel „Zur Repräsentation von Geschichte und Kultur des Alten Orients in großen europäischen Museen: Die Analyse der Dauerausstellungen in den vorderasiatischen Museen im Louvre, British Museum und Pergamonmuseum“ selbstständig und ohne Benutzung anderer als der von mir angegebenen Hilfsmittel verfasst habe. Alle Stellen, die wortgetreu oder sinngemäß aus anderen Veröffentlichungen entnommen sind, sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Die vorliegende Studie hat an noch keiner anderen Stelle als akademische Abschlußabrabeit vorgelegen. Berlin, im Juni 2011 …………………………………………………………. iii Vorwort Die vorliegende Studie wurde von der Aleppo Universität gefördert. Ich danke der Universität für ihre Unterstützung und auch für die Flexibilität, als es um eine Konzeptionsänderung und damit um eine Verlängerung der Forschungsdauer ging. Meinen besonderen Dank möchte ich meinem Betreuer Herrn Prof. Dr. Dominik Bonatz aussprechen. Er hat mir mit seinem unerschütterlichen Optimismus die Entstehung dieser Arbeit überhaupt erst möglich gemacht und diese dann kritisch und wohlwollend begleitet. Des weiteren bin ich Herrn Prof. Dr. Reinhard Bernbeck für die fachliche Unterstützung und für die Übernahme des Zweitgutachtens zu Dank verpflichtet. Danken möchte auch Herrn Prof. Dr. Hartmut Kühne, Frau Prof. Dr. Susan Pollock und Frau Dr. Helga Vogel. Für die Mühe des Korrekturlesens und hilfreiche Ratschläge danke ich Frau Kerstin Maiwald. Mein Dank gilt auch meinem Kollegen am Institut für Vorderasiatische Archäologie an der Freien Universität Berlin, Herrn Hamid Fahimi, der mir bei der Verbesserung des Layouts der Dissertation geholfen hat; ebenfalls bedanken möchte ich mich bei meinen anderen KollegenInnen am Institut: Bianca Maria D’ Anna, Susan Saleh, Marianne Fähnrich, Yousef Moradi, Afamia AlKassab, Ahmad Alrawi, Patrizia Camatta, David Meyer und Jebrael Nokandeh. Widmen möchte ich die Arbeit meinen Eltern, meiner Frau Fardos und nicht zuletzt meinen beiden Töchtern Alissar und Lilas. Hussein Bakkor iv v Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einführendes Kapitel ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.1. Gegenstand -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.2. Aufbau der Studie------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 1.3. Fragestellung und Zielsetzung --------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 1.4. Forschungsstand -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.5. Verortung dieser Arbeit ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 2. Theoretische Grundlagen und methodisches Vorgehen ---------------------------------------- 9 2.1. Theoretische und museologische Grundlagen ------------------------------------------------ 9 2.1.1. Einleitung ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 2.1.2. Die archäologische Ausstellung als Medium der Geschichtsdarstellung ---------- 10 2.1.3. Zur Theorie des archäologischen Objekts im Museum -------------------------------- 15 2.1.4. Die Faktoren der musealen Repräsentation --------------------------------------------- 19 2.1.4.1. Der institutionelle museale Rahmen ----------------------------------------------- 19 2.1.4.2. Die Präsentationsform und ihre Elemente --------------------------------------- 20 2.1.4.2.1. Die Gruppierungs- und Anordnungssysteme --------------------------- 20 2.1.4.2.2. Der Ausstellungsraum und der visuelle Rahmen der musealen Umgebung ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 2.1.4.2.3. Die Ausstellungsbeschriftung ---------------------------------------------- 25 2.1.5. Das Kommunikationssystem in der musealen Ausstellung -------------------------- 26 2.2. Methodische Herangehensweise ---------------------------------------------------------------- 32 3. Die Analyse der musealen institutionellen Rahmen der untersuchten Dauerausstellungen ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 3.1. Die Charakterisierung der ausstellenden musealen Institutionen: Das Museum der Zivilisation als Rahmen ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 3.2. „Museum der Zivilisation“ und imperialistische Diskurse --------------------------------- 43 i 3.2.1. Die Differenzierung der Kulturen ---------------------------------------------------------- 44 3.2.2. Museales Ausstellen als Instrument der imperialistischen Ideologie ------------- 45 3.2.3. Die Rolle von geistesgeschichtlichen und philosophischen Anregungen --------- 47 3.2.4. Imperialismus und das europäische Antikenbild --------------------------------------------- 48 3.2.5. Manifestation durch das British Museum, den Louvre und die Museumsinsel in Berlin ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 3.3. Die Konstruktion des Alten Orients als Teil des „Museums der Zivilisation“ im 19. Jahrhundert --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57 3.4. Fazit ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 66 4. Kurzer Überblick über die Präsentation altorientalischer Sammlungen im Louvre, British Museum und auf der Museumsinsel im 19. Jahrhundert ----------------- 68 4.1. Die altorientalischen Altertümer im Rahmen des Louvre im 19. Jahrhundert -------- 68 4.2. Die altorientalischen Altertümer im Rahmen des British Museum im 19. Jahrhundert ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72 4.3. Die altorientalischen Altertümer im Rahmen der Museumsinsel im 19. Jahrhundert ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75 4.4. Fazit ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81 5. Zur Analyse der Dauerausstellung des Vorderasiatischen Museums Berlin -------------- 82 5.1. Der Charakter der Schausammlung ------------------------------------------------------------- 82 5.2. Die Raumbedingung und der visuelle Rahmen der musealen Umgebung ------------- 83 5.2.1. Der Ausstellungsgrundriss und die Aufteilung der Schausammlung -------------- 83 5.2.2. Der visuelle Rahmen der musealen Umgebung ---------------------------------------- 89 5.3. Die Anordnungs- und Gruppierungsprinzipien der Objekte ------------------------------ 103 5.4. Zur Ausstellungsbeschriftung -------------------------------------------------------------------- 111 5.5. Zusammenfassung ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117 6. Zur Analyse der Dauerausstellung der „Le département des Antiquités Orientales“ im Louvre ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120 6.1. Der Charakter der Schausammlung ------------------------------------------------------------ 120 ii 6.2. Die Raumbedingungen und der visuelle Rahmen der musealen Umgebung -------- 121 6.2.1. Der Ausstellungsgrundriss und die Aufteilung der Schausammlungen -------- 121 6.2.2. Der visuelle Rahmen der musealen Umgebung -------------------------------------- 126 6.3. Die Anordnungs- und Gruppierungsprinzipien der Objekte ------------------------------ 134 6.4. Zur Ausstellungsbeschriftung -------------------------------------------------------------------- 148 6.5. Zusammenfassung ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 158 7. Zur Analyse der Dauerausstellung der altorientalischen Altertümer im British Museum ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 161 7.1. Der Charakter der Schausammlung ------------------------------------------------------------ 161 7.2. Die Raumbedingungen und der visuelle Rahmen der musealen Umgebung -------- 163 7.2.1. Der Ausstellungsgrundriss und die Aufteilung der Schausammlungen --------- 163 7.2.2. Der visuelle Rahmen der musealen Umgebung -------------------------------------- 171 7.3. Die Anordnungs- und Gruppierungsprinzipien der Objekte ----------------------------- 183 7.4. Zur Ausstellungsbeschriftung ------------------------------------------------------------------- 191 7.5. Zusammenfassung -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 202 8. Präsentationsformen der untersuchten Dauerausstellungen im Vergleich ------------ 205 8.1. Die kulturgeschichtlich- assoziative Ausstellung des Vorderasiatischen Museums -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 205 8.2. Die kunstgeschichtlich-formalästhetische Ausstellung der altorientalischen Altertümer im Louvre ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 210 8.3. Die historisch-didaktische
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