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Action Plan on COVID-19 and Natural Disaster Responses

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Action Plan on COVID-19 and Natural Disaster Responses Indonesia Humanitarian Country Team Action Plan on COVID-19 and Natural Disaster Responses Photo credit: Human Initiative January – June 2021 www.unocha.org The mission of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is to mobilize and coordinate effective and principled humanitarian action in partnership with national and international actors. Coordination Saves Lives Document Title | 2 Key Figures: 30,6 million people $ 145,319,570 25 Participating Agencies: ADRA, targeted in all provinces for funding required CARE, FAO, Human Initiative, assistance. Humanitarian Forum Indonesia, IFRC and Palang Merah Indonesia, IOM,Islamic Relief, Mercy Corps Indonesia, Masyarakat Technical supports to 18 GoI $ 7,571,800 Penanggulangan Bencana Indonesia, Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama, National National Institutions, funding already Platform for DRR, Oxfam, PMI, Save the with their offices and networks at secured Children Indonesia, UNDP, UNFPA, sub-national levels. UNHCR, UNICEF, UNODC, UN Women, WFP, WHO, Wahana Visi Indonesia Situation Overview: Figure 1. Total confirmed cases of COVID-19 per provinces until 21 February 2021. Indonesia is experiencing the highest burden from COVID-19 in South East Asia. The first confirmed cases were detected in the country in early March 2020, and within a month, cases were identified in all 34 provinces, continuing to spread out since then, with the number of confirmed cases equally affecting women and men, but with men constituting a slightly larger proportion of deaths (56.5%)1. As a result of the increasing trend of positive COVID-19 cases, several regions have repeatedly implemented the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) which began in April 2020. To restrain the surge in COVID-19 cases that overwhelmed the existing hospitals capacity (especially on bed occupancy rates in isolation rooms and ICU, which were above 80 percent), the Government has implemented Restrictions on Community Activities (PPKM) in some regions in Java and Bali since January 2021. 1 Global Health 50/50. The COVID-19 Sex Disaggregated Data Tracker. Updated 19 January 2021. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Coordination Saves Lives | www.unocha.org Document Title | 3 The government of Indonesia continues to emphasize the importance of 3M (wearing a mask, washing hands with soap, and maintaining social / physical distance). The request to stay at home has been variably implemented, given concerns regarding the adverse economic consequences of such measures. Major efforts have been undertaken to enhance the health system’s safety and capacity; however, 3T measures (tracing, testing and treatment) have been overwhelmed for months. The results of a survey by the Central Statistics Agency in September 2020 showed that as many as 92 percent of people implemented the use of masks, while only 75 percent were washing hands and maintaining physical distance. The results of the survey, which was completed by 55 percent of women and 45 percent of men, showed an increase in people's behavior in wearing masks as much as eight percent compared to the survey results in April 2020, but there was a decrease in the percentage of community compliance with hand washing, keeping distance and avoiding crowds2. In 2020, the Government of Indonesia allocated IDR 695.2 trillion for the COVID-19 response to manage the health, social protection, MSMEs and business sectors, as well as the local government. Budget allocations continued seamlessly in 2021. One of the priority areas of work in 2021 is the COVID-19 vaccination, with the aim to reach herd immunity. The Ministry of Health has estimated a total of 181.5 million people to be vaccinated, within a time span ranging from January 2021 until March 2022, with priority given to 1.3 million health workers. The target groups’ breakdown is as follows: Medical / health workers 1.3 million Jan 2021 – Apr 2021 Public servants 17.4 million Elderly 21.5 million People in areas with high risk of 63.9 million transmission Apr 2021 – Mar 2022 Other people within specific groups, 77.4 million depending on vaccine availability The Ministry of Health has calculated the requirements of the COVID-19 Vaccine as follows3: Herd Immunity Scenario Based on the Efficacy of Vaccines The expanded vaccination target is people of more than 59 years of age with comorbidities (controlled, with criteria to be recommended by experts); The determination of Herd Immunity takes into account the Efficacy Rate of the Vaccine. Scenario and description Herd Immunity Population of ≥ 18 years that can be vaccinated 181,554,465 Efficacy Rate 60% Coverage to achieve Herd Immunity 100% People who should be vaccinated to reach Herd Immunity 181,554,465 2 https://bnpb.go.id/berita/survei-bps-tingkat-kepatuhan-masyarakat-memakai-masker-meningkat 3 Minister of Health Press Conference on 29 December 2020. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Coordination Saves Lives | www.unocha.org Document Title | 4 Vaccine dosage requirements (with a wastage rate of 15%) 426,800,000 The approval of the COVID-19 vaccines by regulatory authorities has given hope that an end to the acute phase of the pandemic is within reach. To realize the full potential of these vaccines, they must be distributed in an equitable manner while prioritizing health care workers, front line responders and other high-risk groups. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to diminish social services, economic activities and income, and exacerbates people’s existing vulnerabilities and marginalization. People most affected are those with low income, limited or no access to critical healthcare services and lack of safe, nutritious and affordable food, children, the elderly, women and girls, people with disabilities, detainees and prisoners, refugees without access to cash assistance and with limited livelihoods opportunities, and migrant and informal sector workers. These people may not necessarily be directly affected by the health impact of COVID-19, but they are at higher risk of being left furthest behind, as social inequalities worsen, and the risk of gender-based violence and sexual exploitation and abuse escalates. The risk is further exacerbated by perpetrators who exploit the situation by conducting illegal activities such as online and offline fraud, corruption, and the illegal trade of medical and protective supplies, hence jeopardizing the government’s efforts to respond to the crisis and mitigate its impacts. Through the HCT Action Plan, participating organizations will maximize their expertise and comparative advantages in addressing key issues that directly affect targeted people; they will also provide technical support to the most relevant Government and non-government partners. The impact of COVID-19 has made other health services to further deteriorate. To mention a few, 25 million children under five do not receive immunization, vitamin A supplementation, growth monitoring and other routine services that are urgently needed, 65 percent of drug-resistant tuberculosis patients encounter serious challenges, mental health services experience disruption amid increasing stress from the community and health workers, and the decline in reproductive health services threatens millions of women4. The decrease in contraceptive use resulted in an increase in the number of unplanned pregnancies. The National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) estimates that there will be an additional 370,000-500,000 births in mid-early 2021. The implementation of distance learning is still constrained by internet access, adaptation processes, learning curricula and disparities in teacher competencies. Only 1.2 percent of primary school students from the poorest 20 percent percentile have used computers to access the internet, 5.9 percent use the internet to study, and 13.9 percent use the internet at home5. Teachers' knowledge regarding the emergency curriculum is still low or below 70 percent, and even 60 percent in disadvantaged areas. Furthermore, learning at Islamic boarding schools has been more severely affected by COVID-196. The rate of violence against women has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, with domestic violence dominating over other types of violence. The APIK Jakarta Legal Aid Institute (LBH) recorded 508 cases of violence against women between March and September 2020. Child marriage cases have also 4 Kumpulan Rekomendasi Kebijakan Penanganan Krisis Multidimensi Pandemi COVID-19, Knowledge Sector Initiative, https://www.ksi-indonesia.org/id/covid-19 5 https://www.smeru.or.id/id/content/belajar-dari-rumah-potret-ketimpangan-pembelajaran-pada-masa-pandemi- COVID-19 6 Survey by the Ministry of Education and Culture and INOVASI in 2020 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Coordination Saves Lives | www.unocha.org Document Title | 5 increased. The Directorate General of the Religious Courts has received 34,000 applications for dispensation of marriage submitted between January and June 2020, of which 60 percent were children under 18 years7. In 2020, Indonesia experienced 2,921 natural disaster events as recorded by the National Agency for Disaster Management (BNPB), with the most frequent occurrences being floods, landslides, and whirlwinds. Overall, these natural disasters resulted in over 6.4 million people temporarily displaced, 370 deaths, and 39 missing, while over 44,000 houses and other buildings were damaged.
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