Mathilde Franziska Anneke Papers 1791-1884

International Institute of Social History Cruquiusweg 31 1019 AT Amsterdam The Netherlands

hdl:10622/ARCH00233

Table of contents

Mathilde Franziska Anneke Papers...... 3 Context...... 3 Content and Structure...... 3 Access and Use...... 3 Allied Materials...... 3 Appendices...... 4

International Institute of Social History 2 Mathilde Franziska Anneke Papers 1791-1884

Mathilde Franziska Anneke Papers

Collection ID ARCH00233 Creator Anneke, Mathilde Franziska Other Creator(s) Anneke, Fritz Period 1791-1884 Extent 7 microfilms Language list English Language of Material English, German Context Biographical Note Mathilde F. Anneke-Giesler (1817-1884) and Fritz Anneke (1818-1872) both born in Westphalia; after the failure of the 1848 Revolution in Germany they emigrated to the USA, where Fritz became a journalist and Mathilda campaigned for women's rights and against slavery. Acquisition Microfilms received by the IISH from the Feministisches Archiv und Dokumentationszentrum Köln in 1990. Content and Structure Content Correspondence between Fritz and Mathilde, who frequently lived apart; letters from family members; copies of some 1848 newspapers; correspondence on the American Civil War consisting of letters by Fritz Anneke to Edwin Stanton, Secretary of War, and letters to Fritz Anneke from German-American leaders; letters to Mathilde Anneke from participants in the suffrage movement with draft replies 1869-1882; manuscripts by Mathilde Anneke of addresses, articles, poems and her play 'Oithono'; correspondence concerning her girls' school in Milwaukee; diaries and memorandum books; biographical notes by their daughter Hertha Anneke and Henriette Heinzen. NB. Originals at the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, USA. Subjects Geographic Names United States Germany Personen Booth, Mary Thema's Feminist movements/Women's movements Anti-slavery movements Press/Journalism Pacifism/Peace movements Materiaaltype Archival material Access and Use Access Not restricted Preferred Citation Mathilde Franziska Anneke Papers , inventory number ..., International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam Allied Materials Location of Originals Originals in the Feministisches Archiv und Dokumentationszentrum Köln

International Institute of Social History 3 Mathilde Franziska Anneke Papers 1791-1884

Appendices Biographical Note

Fritz Anneke was born January 31, 1818 in Dortmund, Westphalia. His mother died in his youth, but he was very fond of his step-mother, Emilie Anneke, as his father (also named Fritz) was rather a hard man. Throughout the political and financial crises of Fritz's early manhood his father did nothing to assist him, although he followed his son's later career with interest. After obtaining a university education Fritz became a lieutenant in the German army, in accordance with his position as a member of a respected bourgeois family. But he was removed from his command in 1845 because of his socialistic beliefs. Two years later he married the gifted Mathilde Franziska Giesler, a free thinker in politics and religion, a champion of women's rights, and a writer of some renown. The daughter of Karl Giesler and Elizabeth (Huelswitt) Giesler, she had been born on April 3, 1817 in Levringhausen, Westphalia, on her paternal grandfather's estate. Her father, a king's councillor and wealthy mine owner, provided well for Mathilde, his eldest daughter. But she was troubled by the hunger of the poor about her; her parents had been very conscientious and had themselves bought grain for the needy. This, combined with an early marriage at the age of nineteen which ended in failure, led her to activism for social reform and women's rights. Marrying Fritz Anneke on June 3, 1847, she carried on the publication of a newspaper during her husband's imprisonment during the revolution of the following year, stayed at his side during the ensuing battles, and escaped with him to France after the defeat of the revolutionists, and thence to New York and Milwaukee. During the next three years Fritz Anneke lectured, gave riding lessons, worked on a railroad in Illinois, and served for a couple of months as state librarian of Wisconsin. His wife, besides assisting him in his work and caring for their children, likewise lectured, wrote for newspapers, and in March, 1852 began the publication of the Frauen Zeitung, which she continued after the Annekes' removal to Newark, New Jersey later in the year. In 1858 they re-turned to Milwaukee, where Mathilde Franziska formed a close friendship with Mary Booth, the wife of the anti-slavery agitator, Sherman Booth. She made her home with the Booths for the next two years, while her husband was abroad serving as foreign war correspondent for several newspapers in America. In 1860 Mathilde Franziska, accompanied by Mrs. Booth and the Booth and Anneke children, joined her husband in Switzerland, but he soon left for America to take part in the Civil War. His military career was as unsettled as his civilian one had been: he was appointed colonel of the 1st Wisconsin Artillery; was transferred by request to an Indiana regiment, serving as aide-de- camp to Gen. John A. McClernand; was appointed by Governor Edward Salomon of Wisconsin as colonel of the 34th Wisconsin Infantry in 1863, only to be dismissed before the end of the year on ill-founded charges of desertion based on internal dissentions and rivalries within the regiment. During the greater part of the remaining nine years of his life he was an editorial writer and translator for the Anzeiger and other newspapers in the region of St. Louis, and was killed by an accidental fall from an elevated sidewalk in Chicago on December 6, 1872, while serving there as agent for the German-American Society. Madame Anneke, in the meantime, after nearly five years of precarious existence in Switzerland, returned to Milwaukee and opened a girls' day and boarding school there. This is the period in which she most closely identified herself with German-American affairs in Milwaukee. Her educational methods, her eloquent speaking, her reviews of current German theatrical and musical performance, her association with intellectual and revolutionary leaders on two continents, and her vigorous personality all contributed to making her a figure of considerable importance. She enlarged upon her suffragist activities, writing and lecturing on the subject, consulting and corresponding with other outstanding proponents such as Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and her countryman, Karl Heinzen, and assisting in campaigns in the state and nation. Her arduous duties, she maintained, prevented her from continuing her literary activities to any extent, although she occasionally produced poems for festive occasions. In 1882, two years before her death on November 25, 1884, she had the satisfaction of seeing her play, Oithono, written in 1844, presented at the Milwaukee Civic Theater. Mrs. Anneke was later honored by the National League of Women Voters as one of the four Wisconsin pioneers in the suffrage movement.

International Institute of Social History 4 Mathilde Franziska Anneke Papers 1791-1884

Scope and Content

The Anneke papers are most numerous for the years 1859 to 1872, and practically all of them are in German script. The Anneke correspondence is primarily of importance for the biographical information it contains on this gifted and articulate pair who undoubtedly exerted an immeasurable influence through their writings, lectures, teaching, and personal example on immigrant thought and action. The papers are like-wise valuable for the observations and comments made by these keen observers of world events through a quarter of a century. They reflect Fritz Anneke's interest, either as a participant, a journalist, or a patriot, in the German Revolution, the Garibaldi campaigns, the American Civil War, and the wars of German unification. Among many other topics touched upon more or less closely are the attitudes and beliefs of other German-American leaders such as Carl Schurz,Gottfried Kinkel, and Karl Heinzen; the life of the radical group who gathered about Ferdinand Lassalle in Zurich during his last years; the high era of "kultur" in Milwaukee, St. Louis, and other cities with large Teutonic populations; some phases in the career of other leaders in Milwaukee -- the editor Sherman Booth, the newspaper correspondent John Knell, and Peter Engelmann, who conducted a rival English-German Academy there; early phases of the suffrage movement in the United States; German-American journalism, education, and literature; immigration life and problems; and the inculcation and dissemination of socialistic political theory in the United States. The greater part of the correspondence is that between Fritz and Mathilde Franziska Anneke. The fact that they were separated from each other frequently and often for long periods, and that they kept up,a correspondence throughout most of these separations, that they were both able writers, and interested in each other's opinions on social and reform movements and literary pursuits, all contribute to making this set of correspondence a particularly rich one. Filed among the ANNEKE FAMILY DOCUMENTS (GERMANY) series are some very early papers of Mathilde Franziska's family, the Gieslers, including one written by Baron von Stein in 1791; a letter from her first husband, Alfred von Tabouillot; letters between Fritz and Mathilde before and during the revolution; an issue of the Neue Kolnische Zeitung, September 10, 1848, edited by F. Anneke and F. Beust; an issue of the Frauen-Zeitung, September 27, 1848, edited by Mathilde Franziska while her husband was in prison, and some other documents and newspapers connected with the revolution. The FRITZ AND MATHILDE ANNEKE CORRESPONDENCE series contains a number of letters to each other during the period of immigration and resettlement, and in particular reflect the vicissitudes of the period from 1850 to 1860. Also included are a few letters from other members of both families, including some from Mathilde's daughter Fanny by her first marriage. Additional letters extending over a long period of time were written by some of the early friends of the Annekes whose friendship persisted through all their changes in residence and fortune: Mathilde Franziska's cousin, Franziska Rollman and her husband, Friedrich Hammacher; and the poets Gottfried Kinkel and Ferdinand Freigrath, and members of their families. There are also a half- dozen letters, 1844-1880, written by Karl Heinzen, mainly on the subject of radical democracy. The FRITZ ANNEKE PAPERS consist of letters written by him to his wife during the years between his departure for Switzerland in 1859 and his death in 1872, and a box of Civil War correspondence and records doubtlessly kept to show a justification for his actions. The Civil War papers include a number of letters by Fritz Anneke to General McClernand and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton giving the history of his case; letters from members of his regiment assuring him of their confidence and support; letters on the same subject, from German-American leaders in Wisconsin among whom were Adolf J. Cramer, John Knell, Henry Orff, and Governor Salomon; a group of papers dealing with his court-martial; and a collection of orders and other official papers connected with his army career. Also included in the series are a few letters, 1860-1870, from newspaper publishers; some short articles written by Anneke; and a collection of tributes paid to him after his death, in the form of letters to Mrs. Anneke and newspaper clippings. The unsettled life of the Annekes was a deterrent to the preservation of manuscripts. The husband, however, who was the greater wanderer of the two, was the more careful and methodical in this

International Institute of Social History 5 Mathilde Franziska Anneke Papers 1791-1884 matter, and as a consequence there is a much larger collection of Mathilde Franziska's letters than of his replies. Her letters, from 1859 to 1872, number about four hundred, and are included in the MATHILDE FRANZISKA ANNEKE PAPERS series. Also filed under this heading is a large collection of letters, 1867-1883, from Cecilie Kapp. Miss Kapp, the daughter of a Zurich professor, accompanied Mathilde Franziska to America in 1865. She was actually the organizer of the school which was carried on for eighteen years by Madame Anneke, but left at the end of the first year (1866) and thereafter was for many years professor of German at Vassar College. There are about two dozen letters from Mary Booth, 1863-1865, during her occasional separation from Mathilde Franziska in Europe and after the former's return to New York. Other small groups of letters in the series are from the Countess Sophie von Hatzfeldt after the death of Ferdinand Lassalle, describing her loneliness and despair; another group from the Hammachers, mostly for the year 1866; and a few from Emma Herwegh, the wife of the poet Georg Herwegh. Most of the papers on the part Madame Aaneke took in the equal suffrage movement in the United States are from the years 1869-1882. Among the correspondents are Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Mathilda Joslyn Gage, and Elizabeth Smith Miller. There are a few drafts of replies by Madame Anneke and of addresses she delivered, and a mass of drafts of articles, lists, and addresses, mostly in German. Other manuscripts of Madame Anneke consist of a small group of letters from publishers, mainly for the early 1860's, when she was in Switzerland; a folder of miscellaneous letters; the manuscripts of a number of her lectures, addresses, articles, and poems; a two-volume manuscript translation of Oithono and a volume of manuscript poems. There is also some correspondence connected with her school in Milwaukee, and a quantity of unfinished articles and addresses. Nine small combination diaries and memorandum books kept by Madame Anneke over a period of years, but not consecutively, contain her notations on correspondence, expenditures, accounts with newspapers for which she wrote articles, addresses of her friends, bits of verse, and other miscellaneous information. The BIOGRAPHY AND APPENDIX are two volumes prepared by Miss Henriette M. Heinzen, herself a descendant of German'48ers, working under the direction of Mrs. Hertha Anneke Sanne, the only surviving child of the Annekes. Miss Heinzen also examined, studied, identified and carefully arranged the papers themselves. The volumes contain lengthy extracts from the papers of the collection in translation, with some study of the Annekes' characters and an evaluation of their work and their contribution to American life. Transferred to the Library for preservation or disposition were printed materials. These included clippings, pamphlets, and circulars on the subject of woman suffrage and a collection of rare European publications produced or gathered by the Annekes. Among these are ten written by or about Mathilde Franziska: three small volumes on religious thought, 1840-1842; her drama, 0ithono, 1844; a translation of Alexandre Dumas' Michelangelo, 1845; a compilation, Producte der Rothen Erde, in which she included some of her own writings; an 88-page pamphlet, Der Politische Tendenz-Prozess gegen Gottchalk, Anneke and Esser, 1848; Schwertlilien: Zeit-Gedichte, 1849., in which the first three poems are dedicated to her; her own Memoiren einer Frau aus dem Badisch-Pfaelzischen Feldzuge, published in Newark, New Jersey in 1853; and a biography of her by Regina Reuben, published in Hamburg in 1906. Fritz Anneke's Der Zweite Freiheitskampf der Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika, published at Frankfort on Main in 1861 is the only product of his in the collection. The earliest volume in the group is Ignatz Hulswitt's Tagebuch einer Reise nach den Vereinigten Staaten and der Nordwestkuste von Amerika, published at Munster in 1828. There is a volume of Georg Herwegh's poems, published in 1845, and a recent publication of some of his correspondence; and a volume of poems written and collected by Mary Booth and published in Heidelberg and Milwaukee in 1864. A memoir of Garibaldi, written by Alexandre Dumas in 1860, is still in sections as they were issued from the press. Among the twenty or so pamphlets on socialism and the revolutionary theory in the collection are almost a dozen by Ferdinand Lassalle, nearly all of which were published in Zurich in 1863. Presented by Mrs. Bertha Anneke Sanne, Pasadena, California 1941 and March 1942. No acc. Nos.

International Institute of Social History 6 Mathilde Franziska Anneke Papers 1791-1884

Reprocessed and register revised by Ralph Pugh - J. Hohler May 1977 Microfilm edition prepared by Vivian Laflamme, August 1983. Processor's Notes In May 1983 a copy of Maria Wagner's Mathilde Franziska Anneke in Selbstzeugnissen and Dokumenten (Frankfurt am Main, Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1980) was added to the Fritz and Mathilde Anneke Papers. However, this volume was not microfilmed with the remainder of the collection. Microfilm 524, Biography and Appendix of Fritz and Mathilde Anneke is now reel 7, Micro 951 of the Fritz and Mathilde Anneke Papers, microfilm edition. Vivian S. Laflamme August 1983 ANNEKE FAMILY DOCUMENTS (GERMANY)

Reel Frame Content 1 0-26 Correspondence, 1791-1848. 27-108 Letters, Fritz and M. F. Anneke, 1828-1849. 109-142 Documents of the German Revolution, 1848. FRITZ AND MATHILDE ANNEKE CORRESPONDENCE

Reel Frame Content 1 143-305 Fritz and Mathilde Anneke and family letters; 1850-1872. 306-400 Letters from Kinkel, Freiligrath, Kapp, Heinzen, etc., 1839-1884. FRITZ ANNEKE PAPERS

Reel Frame Content 1 401-858 Letters to M. F. and Percy Anneke, 1859-1869. Civil War, 859-1057 Correspondence, 1861-1864. 2 0-199 Correspondence, 1861-1864 . (continued) 200-260 orders. 261-481 Court-martial, 1863. 482-517 clippings, 1862-1864.

International Institute of Social History 7 Mathilde Franziska Anneke Papers 1791-1884

518-679 Letters to M. F. Anneke, 1870-1872. 680-833 Short articles and miscellaneous papers. 834-884 Tributes to Fritz Anneke, 1872-1873.

MATHILDE FRANZISKA ANNEKE PAPERS

Reel Frame Content 2 885-1213 Letters to F. Anneke, 1859-1866. 3 0-361 Letters to F. Anneke, 1859-1866. (continued) 362-785 Letters to F. Anneke, 1867-1872. 786-1082 Letters from Cecilie Kapp, 1867-1883. 4 0-250 Letters from Cecilie Kapp, 1867-1883. (continued) 251-394 Letters from Mary Booth, 1863-1865. 395-480 Letters from Contess Sophie V. Hasveldt and others, 1863-1874. 481-587 Letters from Emma Herwegh and others, 1863-1882. 687-871 Woman suffrage correspondence, 1866-1884. 588-686 miscellaneous, n.d. 872-964 miscellaneous, n.d. 965-1027 Correspondence and contracts with publishers, 1846(?)-1872.

International Institute of Social History 8 Mathilde Franziska Anneke Papers 1791-1884

5 0-48 Correspondence and contracts with publishers, 1846(?)-1872. 49-176 Miscellaneous correspondence, 1863-1883. 177-215 Lectures, on Germany, 1850. 216-254 on Thomas Paine, 1859. 255-267 on literature, 1881-1882. 268-350 0ithono (play). 351-372 Articles, "Louise Astor," 1846-1847. 373-545 "Uhland in Texas" and "Als der Grossvater die Grossmuter nahm." 546-588 "Gebrochen Ketten" and "Konig Rene's Tochterlein." 589-596 "Maitrank" and "Vor Marseille" (poems). 597-637 "Zwei Dichtergraeber" (address). 638-664 Miscellaneous items about M. F. Anneke's school. 665-763 "Sturmgeiger and Kajuttenpring" (incomplete article). 764-985 Unfinished manuscripts. 6 0-261 Unfinished manuscripts. 262-699 Nine small memorandum books. 7 No frame numbers indicated. Biographical notes commemorating Fritz and Mathilde Anneke. No frame numbers indicated. Appendix. MATHILDE FRANZISKA ANNEKE PAPERS

Reel Frame Content

International Institute of Social History 9 Mathilde Franziska Anneke Papers 1791-1884

2 885-1213 Letters to F. Anneke, 1859-1866. 3 0-361 Letters to F. Anneke, 1859-1866. (continued) 362-785 Letters to F. Anneke, 1867-1872. 786-1082 Letters from Cecilie Kapp, 1867-1883. 4 0-250 Letters from Cecilie Kapp, 1867-1883. (continued) 251-394 Letters from Mary Booth, 1863-1865. 395-480 Letters from Contess Sophie V. Hasveldt and others, 1863-1874. 481-587 Letters from Emma Herwegh and others, 1863-1882. 687-871 Woman suffrage correspondence, 1866-1884. 588-686 miscellaneous, n.d. 872-964 miscellaneous, n.d. 965-1027 Correspondence and contracts with publishers, 1846(?)-1872. 5 0-48 Correspondence and contracts with publishers, 1846(?)-1872. 49-176 Miscellaneous correspondence, 1863-1883. 177-215 Lectures, on Germany, 1850. 216-254 on Thomas Paine, 1859. 255-267 on literature, 1881-1882. 268-350 0ithono (play).

International Institute of Social History 10 Mathilde Franziska Anneke Papers 1791-1884

351-372 Articles, "Louise Astor," 1846-1847. 373-545 "Uhland in Texas" and "Als der Grossvater die Grossmuter nahm." 546-588 "Gebrochen Ketten" and "Konig Rene's Tochterlein." 589-596 "Maitrank" and "Vor Marseille" (poems). 597-637 "Zwei Dichtergraeber" (address). 638-664 Miscellaneous items about M. F. Anneke's school. 665-763 "Sturmgeiger and Kajuttenpring" (incomplete article). 764-985 Unfinished manuscripts. 6 0-261 Unfinished manuscripts. 262-699 Nine small memorandum books. 7 No frame numbers indicated. Biographical notes commemorating Fritz and Mathilde Anneke. No frame numbers indicated. Appendix.

International Institute of Social History 11