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Cheetham Hill, Manchester City Street Data Profile on Ethnicity, Economy and Migration Cheetham Hill, Manchester By Suzanne Hall, Julia King and Robin Finlay December 2015 This data emerges from an ESRC funded project on Super-diverse Streets: Economies and spaces of urban migration in UK cities (ES/L009560/1) This project is hosted by LSE Cities in the Department of Sociology at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Preface Phase 1, ‘Super-diverse streets’ data profiles, 2015 The ‘Super-diverse streets’ project is an ESRC-funded research exploration of the intersections between city streets, ethnic diversity and economic adaptations in the context of accelerated migration (ref: ES/L009560/1). The research is based on a comparative analysis across UK cities and aims to explore how urban retail economies and spaces are shaped by and shape migrant practices. The first phase of this project incorporates a qualitative survey conducted in 2015, and focuses on four ‘super-diverse’ high streets: Rookery Road (Birmingham); Stapleton Road (Bristol); Narborough Road (Leicester); and Cheetham Hill (Manchester). Each street was selected for its location in an ethnically diverse as well as comparatively deprived urban locale. Furthermore, Birmingham, Bristol, Leicester and Manchester are amongst the UK cities that have the highest percentage of ‘country of birth’ citizens from outside of the UK, after London. From this grounded perspective we trace emerging capacities as well as old and new inequalities. We also record the diversification of bodies, spaces and micro-economic networks in a world that is increasingly mobile and bordered. In total, the face-to-face surveys across four streets incorporate 910 units, 596 units include retail, service and civic activities of which 480 are retail units and 68 units were vacant. 351 proprietors were surveyed. The data incorporated in this report includes the core of our survey in both tabular and graphic form. The purpose is to provide an overview briefing of the survey data itself. Analytic perspectives of how and why migrant proprietors arrive on these specific streets, and how and why their shops both flourish and fail, are developed in further papers. Our aim in disseminating the comparative data sets for each of the four streets, is to provide detailed data to inform debates and policy around: • the future of ‘British’ high streets; • ethnic minority and/or migrant enterprise; and • the role of historic and contemporary migrations in shaping cities and streets across the UK. The Phase 1 survey of these four streets was conducted by Suzanne Hall, Robin Finlay and Julia King. - To cite this report, or to use an image from it: Hall, Suzanne, King, Julia and Robin Finlay (2015) City Street Data Profile on Ethnicity, Economy and Migration: Rookery Road, Birmingham, an ESRC report, November 2015. - To download companion reports, click on: Rookery Road (Birmingham); Stapleton Road (Bristol); and Narborough Road (Leicester). For further information on the Super-diverse Streets project please go to: https://lsecities.net/objects/research-projects/super-diverse-streets Cheetham Hill, Manchester : Super Diverse Streets ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 2 Contents Introduction p. 4 City Locale p. 5 World to Street p. 6 Street Survey p. 7 Histories of Arrival p. 8 Diverse Uses p. 9 Unit Variation and Value p. 10 Streetscape p. 11 Cheetham Hill, Manchester ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 3 Introduction Cheetham Hill is located to the north-west of Manchester city centre, and falls primarily within the Cheetham Ward. Drawing on the latest national Census data from 2011, 25.2% of those living in Manchester were born outside of the UK, and this figure increases to 44% for those living in the Cheetham Ward. Cheetham Hill Road is within areas that are ranked amongst the 10% and 20% most deprived in England, according to the Index of Multiple Deprivation, 2015. Key points to highlight with respect to our survey of proprietors along Cheetham Hill are: • Of the 186 units along the street, 127 are retail units, 34 are service units and 3 are civic units. • 8% of the non-residential units were vacant (the lowest vacancy rate across the four streets we surveyed), and 50% of proprietors have remained on the street for 5 years or less. • 78% of 27 proprietors surveyed reported to have a tertiary education. • While food-related retail accounts for the most prominent activity on the street (33%), there is a significant professionals ‘services’ sector (21%), including a notable concentration of solicitors’ offices that specialise in immigration law and related services. • We recorded on average 4.3 jobs within respective non-residential units including retail, service and civic. Based on our average of jobs per unit, we estimate that there are approximately 705 jobs within the retail, service and civic units along the street. • Using survey input from 60 proprietors, 66% of those employed are reportedly non-family members. • There were 12 countries of birth represented among the 79 proprietors we surveyed. The highest representation of countries of birth amongst the proprietors include: Pakistan (41%); UK (31%); and Iraq (7%). • Long-established retailers on Cheetham Hill include proprietors from Pakistan. In the last 10 years, the origins of proprietors on Cheetham Hill include Pakistan, Iraq and Afghanistan. • 93% of proprietors speak more than one language, while 69% speak three languages or more. Cheetham Hill, Manchester ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 4 kCitym Locale 0 100 200 km 0 100 200 km 0 100 200 km 0 100 200 England and Wales Manchester Cheetham Ward 0% 0% Population56,075,912 Country of Birth Population503,127 0% Country of Birth Population22,562 Country of Birth 10% 10% 10% 20% 20% 20% UK UK UK Cheetham Ward ( 30% 30% 30% Europe | Poland Europe | Poland ( Europe | Poland Piccadilly Station Cheetham Hill Europe | Other Europe | Other Europe | Other 40% 40% 40% ( ( Africa | Zimbabwe Africa | Nigeria Africa | Somalia 56.0% UK 50% 50% 50% Africa | Other Africa | Other Africa | Other 60% 60% 60% 2.1% Europe | Poland Middle East Middle East Middle East 7.0% Europe | Other Manchester 74.8% UK 1.0% Africa | Zimbabwe Asia | Pakistan Asia | Pakistan Asia | India 70% 70% Leicester 70% Birmingham 7.9% Africa | Other Asia | Other Asia | Other Asia | Other 1.4% Europe | Poland 2.3% Middle East 80% 80% Bristol 80% 86.7% UK 5.4% Europe | Other The Americas London The Americas The Americas 0.7% Africa | Somalia 13.9% Asia | Pakistan Africa | Other 90% 90% 4.4% 90% 2.0% Middle East Other Other 4.8% Europe Other 2.3% Africa 4.1% Asia | Pakistan 0.5% Middle East 5.3% Asia | Other 8.4% Asia | Other N N N Asia 100% 4% 100% km 100% The Americas 1.7% The Americas km 1.3% The Americas 0 100 k2m00 1.2% km km km 0 100 200 0.3% Other 0 2 4 0.2% Other0 0.25 0.5 0.1% Other 0 2 4 km 0 0.2k5m 0.5 0 2.5 5 0 0.3 0.6 km km 0 2.5 5 0 0.3 0.6 ( ( Cheetham Hill, Manchester : Based on 2011 Census data from the Office of National Statistics ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 5 km km 0 2 km4 0 0.25 km0.5 0 2 4 0 0.25 0.5 World to Street 0m 50m Cheetham Hill, Manchester : A survey of proprietors by country of birth (2015) ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 6 Street Survey Total units (excluding residential) - 178 Total surveyed - 79 Total vacant units - 14 Total retail - 127 Total services - 34 Total civic - 3 Countries of birth amongst proprietors – 12: Afghanistan, India, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Thailand, UK, Zimbabwe Activities (excluding residential) Employment Figures Number of Languages Spoken Duration (excluding residential) Independent Food 33% 54% Retail Miscellaneous 17% More than 1 93% 5 years or less 50% Surveyed number of 289 Jobs Commercial Services (including 21% health practitioners, accountants, solicitors) Beauty 11% Family 34%* 3 - 4 58% 6 - 19 years 25% Civic (church, community centre, housing 2% association) Non-Family 66%* Clothing 11% Average jobs per unit 4.3 Technology 5% 5 + 11% 20 + years 25% Estimated total 705 Total 100% number of Jobs Tertiary 78%: 27 proprietors surveyed responded to the question: ‘Does the proprietor have a qualification?’ education Experience of other occupation 72%: 46 proprietors surveyed responded to the question: ‘What work did the proprietor do before trading in the shop?’ *60 proprietors surveyed responded to the question: ‘How many employees are family or non-family members?’ For our purposes, a proprietor incorporates the owner of a business including retail and services. We have also included civic services in calculations for employment figures, number of languages spoken, and duration. Cheetham Hill, Manchester : A summary of core survey data (2015) ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 7 Histories of Arrival 1970 45+ 1975 40 1985 30 1995 20 1999 Asylum and Immigration Act (UK) Iraq War (Iraq) 2003 2004 EU enlargement (Europe) 2005 10 2008 Global Financial Crisis 2010 5 2015 0 e an an aq UK w t t r eria I s s b India g oland P aki Ni Holland P Thailand ghani f Zimba A Cheetham Hill, Manchester : Duration of proprietors in relation to historic events (2015) ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 8 Diverse Uses 1970 45 1975 40 s r ea y 25% 20+ 1985 30 tion of shop 1995 20 a dur s r ea y 25% 6-19 2005 10 2010 5 50% 5 or less 2015 0 KEY Technology Miscellaneous Service Civic Beauty Food Clothing shop units coloured by type Cheetham Hill, Manchester : Activity on the street over time (2015) ©Super-diverse Streets.
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