Narborough Road, Leicester
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City Street Data Profile on Ethnicity, Economy and Migration Narborough Road, Leicester By Suzanne Hall, Julia King and Robin Finlay December 2015 This data emerges from an ESRC funded project on Super-diverse Streets: Economies and spaces of urban migration in UK cities (ES/L009560/1) This project is hosted by LSE Cities in the Department of Sociology at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Preface Phase 1, ‘Super-diverse streets’ data profiles, 2015 The ‘Super-diverse streets’ project is an ESRC-funded research exploration of the intersections between city streets, ethnic diversity and economic adaptations in the context of accelerated migration (ref: ES/L009560/1). The research is based on a comparative analysis across UK cities and aims to explore how urban retail economies and spaces are shaped by and shape migrant practices. The first phase of this project incorporates a qualitative survey conducted in 2015, and focuses on four ‘super-diverse’ high streets: Rookery Road (Birmingham); Stapleton Road (Bristol); Narborough Road (Leicester); and Cheetham Hill (Manchester). Each street was selected for its location in an ethnically diverse as well as comparatively deprived urban locale. Furthermore, Birmingham, Bristol, Leicester and Manchester are amongst the UK cities that have the highest percentage of ‘country of birth’ citizens from outside of the UK, after London. From this grounded perspective we trace emerging capacities as well as old and new inequalities. We also record the diversification of bodies, spaces and micro-economic networks in a world that is increasingly mobile and bordered. In total, the face-to-face surveys across four streets incorporate 910 units, 596 units include retail, service and civic activities of which 480 are retail units and 68 units were vacant. 351 proprietors were surveyed. The data incorporated in this report includes the core of our survey in both tabular and graphic form. The purpose is to provide an overview briefing of the survey data itself. Analytic perspectives of how and why migrant proprietors arrive on these specific streets, and how and why their shops both flourish and fail, are developed in further papers. Our aim in disseminating the comparative data sets for each of the four streets, is to provide detailed data to inform debates and policy around: • the future of ‘British’ high streets; • ethnic minority and/or migrant enterprise; and • the role of historic and contemporary migrations in shaping cities and streets across the UK. The Phase 1 survey of these four streets was conducted by Suzanne Hall, Robin Finlay and Julia King. - To cite this report, or to use an image from it: Hall, Suzanne, King, Julia and Robin Finlay (2015) City Street Data Profile on Ethnicity, Economy and Migration: Rookery Road, Birmingham, an ESRC report, November 2015. - To download companion reports, click on: Rookery Road (Birmingham); Stapleton Road (Bristol); and Cheetham Hill (Manchester). For further information on the Super-diverse Streets project please go to: https://lsecities.net/objects/research-projects/super-diverse-streets Narborough Road, Leicester : Super Diverse Streets ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 2 Contents Introduction p. 4 City Locale p. 5 World to Street p. 6 Street Survey p. 7 Histories of Arrival p. 8 Diverse Uses p. 9 Unit Variation and Value p. 10 Streetscape p. 11 Street Layers p. 12 Narborough Road, Leicester ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 3 Introduction Narborough Road is located to the south-west of Leicester city centre, and falls primarily within the Westcotes Ward. Drawing on the latest national Census data from 2011, 33.6% of those living in Leicester were born outside of the UK, closely correlating with the 33% of those living in the Westcotes Ward. Narborough Road is within areas that are ranked as amongst the 10% and 20% most deprived in England, according to the Index of Multiple Deprivation, 2015. Key points to highlight with respect to our survey of proprietors along Narborough Road are: • Of the 222 units along the street, 151 are retail units, 28 are service units and 6 are civic units. • 9% of the non-residential units were vacant, and 43% of proprietors have been on the street for 5 years or less. • 60% of 60 proprietors surveyed reported to have been in another area of employment before setting up shop. • Food-related retail accounts for by far the most prominent activity on the street (44%). • We recorded on average 4.4 jobs within respective non-residential units including retail, service and civic. Based on our average of jobs per unit, we estimate that there are approximately 814 jobs within the retail, service and civic units along the street. • Using survey input from 56 proprietors, 54% of those employed are reportedly non-family members. • There were 22 countries of birth represented among the 108 proprietors we surveyed. This was by far the most varied range of proprietors by country of birth across the four surveyed streets. The highest representation of countries of birth amongst the proprietors include: UK (32%); India (21%); and Turkey (7%). • Long-established retailers on Narborough Road include proprietors from Uganda, Malawi and Kenya who fled in relation to the East African Asian refugee crisis. In the last 10 years, the origins of proprietors on Narborough Road include India, Turkey, Iraq and Kurdistan. • 79% of proprietors speak more than one language, while 63% speak three languages or more. Narborough Road, Leicester ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 4 City Locale km km 0 100 200 0 100 200 km km 0 100 200 0 100 200 England and Wales Leiscester Westcotes Ward 0% 0% 0% Country of Birth Country of Birth Country of Birth Population56,075,912 Population329,839 Population 11,644 10% 10% 10% 20% 20% 20% UK UK UK 30% 30% 30% Europe | P Europe | Poland Europe | Poland Europe | O Europe | Other Europe | Other ( 40% 40%( 40% Narborough Road Africa | Nig Africa | Kenya Africa | Nigeria 50% 50% 50% ( Africa | Oth Westcotes Ward Africa | Other Africa | Other ( Station 66.4% UK 60% 60% 60% 67.0% UK Middle East Middle Eas Manchester Middle East Asia | India Asia | India Asia | India 70% 70% Leicester 70% 1.9% Europe | Poland Birmingham 4.0% Europe | Other 7.1% Europe | Poland Asia | Other Asia | Othe Asia | Other 2.2% Africa | Kenya 6.6% Europe | Other 80% 80% 80% 7.5% Africa | Other Bristol 86.7% UK The Americas i London The Amer The Americas 1.3% Middle East 1.1% Africa | Nigeria 5.2% Africa | Other 90% 90% 90% Other Other 4.8% Europe Other 3.0% Middle East 2.3% Africa 11.3% Asia | India 0.5% Middle East 4.9% Asia | India N Asia N 4.1% Asia | Other N 4% 100% 100% Asia | Other 100% 3.8% km The Americas 1.1% The Americas 0 100 2k0m0 1.2% km km km km 1.0% The Americas 0 100 200 0.3% Other 0 2 4 0 2 4 0.2% Other 0 0.25 0.5 0 0.25 0.5 0.2% Other km km km 0 2 4 km 0 0.25 0.5 0 2 4 0 0.25 0.5 ( ( Narborough Road, Leicester : Based on 2011 Census data from the Office of National Statistics ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 5 km km 0 2 k4m 0 0.25 0k.m5 0 2 4 0 0.25 0.5 World to Street 0m 50m Narborough Road, Leicester : A survey of proprietors by country of birth (2015) ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 6 Street Survey Total units (excluding residential) - 204 Total surveyed - 108 Total vacant units - 19 Total retail - 151 Total services - 28 Total civic - 6 Countries of birth amongst proprietors – 22: Afghanistan, Cameroon, Canada, India, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Kenya, Kurdistan, Lithuania, Malawi, Pakistan, Poland, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, UK, Zambia, Zimbabwe Activities (excluding residential) Employment Figures Number of Languages Spoken Duration (excluding residential) Independent Food 44% 68% Retail Miscellaneous 19% More than 1 79% 5 years or less 43% Surveyed number of 366 Jobs Commercial Services (including 15% health practitioners, accountants, solicitors) Beauty 9% Family 46%* 3 - 4 49% 6 - 19 years 33% Civic (library, college, temple, community 3% centre, church and hall X2) Non-Family 54%* Clothing 5% Average jobs per unit 4.4 Technology 5% 5 + 14% 20 + years 24% Estimated total 814 Total 100% number of Jobs Tertiary Not full survey data education Experience of other occupation 60%: 60 proprietors surveyed responded to the question: ‘What work did the proprietor do before trading in the shop?’ *56 proprietors surveyed responded to the question: ‘How many employees are family or non-family members?’ For our purposes, a proprietor incorporates the owner of a business including retail and services. We have also included civic services in calculations for employment figures, number of languages spoken, and duration. Narborough Road, Leicester : A summary of core survey data (2015) ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 7 Narborough Road, Leicester : Duration of proprietors in relation to historic events (2015) events tohistoric relation in ofproprietors :Duration Leicester Road, Narborough (East AfricanAsianCrisis1968-1976) Asylum andImmigrationAct(UK) Expulsion ofAsiansf EU enlargement(Europe) Global FinancialCrisis r om U g anda 2008 2004 1999 1972 2010 2005 1995 1985 1975 1970 2015 Canada UK Poland Lithuania Turkey Histories ofArrival Cameroon Zambia Zimbabwe Uganda Malawi Kenya Tanzania Somalia Kurdistan Iraq Iran Afghanistan Pakistan India Sri Lanka 20 30 40 45+ 0 5 10 p. 8 ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) Diverse Uses 1970 45 1975 40 s r ea y 24% 20+ 1985 30 tion of shop 1995 20 a dur s r ea y 30% 6-19 2005 10 2010 5 46% 5 or less 2015 0 KEY Technology Miscellaneous Service Civic Beauty Food Clothing shop units coloured by type Narborough Road, Leicester : Activity on the street over time (2015) ©Super-diverse Streets.