STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 FOREWORDS VICTORIA governmental organisations, research institutions and academia are now applying SMART methods to many National Nutrition Protocols, SAUVEPLANE survey team training curricula, and validation procedures. SMART survey results also feed into surveillance and early warning systems Senior Program such as the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), the Manager Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), and the Nutrition Action Against Information in Crisis Situations (NICS), contributing to informed decision-making and resource allocation for the most in need. Hunger – Canada Since I have joined the SMART initiative six years ago, I have Already a decade has passed witnessed firsthand how the humanitarian community is promoting since the release of the good quality nutrition and mortality estimates. When teaching first manual on the SMART new survey managers the revolutionary Plausibility Check, I would methodology. Data quality has have never anticipated the enthusiasm of trainees to understand since grown to be at the forefront the utility and logic behind its statistical tests. Since being a part of nutrition assessments of this dynamic and essential global project, the SMART initiative when estimating the levels has evolved from just another nutrition survey manual to being the of malnutrition in a given community, region or even country. reference and standard survey methodology among stakeholders, Governments, donors, UN agencies, international and national non- growing the availability of accurate, comparable data for informed

2 | SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 JOSEPHINE IPPE Global Nutrition Cluster Coordinator

The goal of the SMART Global Initiative aligns with the Global Nutrition Cluster’s (GNC) vision to safeguard and improve the nutritional status of emergency affected populations by ensuring an appropriate response that is predictable, timely, effective and at scale. Over the past ten years, the SMART methodology has grown to be the reference and standard tool for nutrition cluster partners (governments, United Nations agencies and organizations) for collecting nutrition assessment data both during emergencies and in developing contexts. The availability of quality nutrition data is essential in understanding the extent of nutritional needs of a given population, as well as how to best formulate programs to most appropriately address those needs. Data are crucial for nutrition programs particularly during emergencies and when large scale responses are required; hence, the importance of valid nutrition data and evidence generated by SMART surveys over the years cannot be over emphasized. Therefore, the role of Action Against Hunger as the key convenor of the SMART initiative and as a GNC Strategic Advisory Group member has immensely contributed in enabling country coordination mechanisms to generate and utilize quality data in order to plan and implement quality and appropriate nutrition response to emergencies. These assessments have also allowed for the alignment of key nutrition response with the Sustainable Development Goals 2 - End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture, and 3 - Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages; where a renewed, sustained and coordinated effort to protect children from malnutrition is prioritized.

DR. OLEG BILUKHA AND EVA LEIDMAN Emergency Response and Recovery Branch Center for Global Health US Centers for Disease © KARTIK AVATANI FOR ACTION AGAINST HUNGER Control and Prevention decision-making. Nevertheless, there is still a global Reliable data is essential to ensuring humanitarian responses are scarcity of valid nutrition data. As stated in the Global evidence-based. The SMART initiative has played a key role in building Nutrition Report1, the call for a data revolution for the infrastructure to enable this. The SMART methodology allows nutrition is ongoing. The lack of available information on for rigorous – yet rapid – data collection. The ENA software enables malnutrition hinders the tracking of real progress at the accurate and instantaneous analysis of survey results and data quality global and national levels, the identification of health and parameters. Trainings over the last decade have focused on building gender inequalities within countries with limited amount capacity of a wide array of individuals – nutrition staff from national of disaggregated data, and the measure of prevalence governments, INGOs, and UN agencies. The impact of this is that despite of the growing double burden across both humanitarian the many nutrition emergencies ongoing, SMART surveys are being and development contexts2. conducted in the most food insecure places in each and every one of In the years ahead, the SMART global initiative will the affected countries. Moreover, the SMART initiative has supported not only contribute to ongoing efforts for rendering working groups with the skills to critically review and interpret the survey more reliable data available, it will be an essential part data in-country. of utilizing data for informed decision-making thanks Recognizing the impact of the SMART initiative, as members of the to its global spread of users. May the (quality) nutrition CDC’s Emergency Response and Recovery Branch we are proud to data revolution continue! serve as members of the SMART Technical Advisory Group (TAG) and 1 Global Nutrition Report (2016) http://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/130354/ technically support the SMART initiative. filename/130565.pdf. 2 Ibid.

SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 | 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW OF 2015-2017 STRATEGY 4-5

PILLAR 1 • TECHNICAL : IMPROVING COORDINATION AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 6-11 • Timeline of Activities THE QUALITY OF • Focus on SMART in Sub-Saharan Africa • National Nutrition Surveys NUTRITION AGENCIES’ PILLAR 2 • PROVISION OF EMERGENCY TECHNICAL SUPPORT 12-15 • Technical Support around RESPONSE CAPACITY the World SMART stands for Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions. Development of the SMART methodology began in • Summary of Technical 2002 by the Technical Advisory Group (TAG), a core of expert panellists Support Deployments in emergency epidemiology and nutrition, food security, early warning • Nutrition Assessments systems and demography drawn from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), various universities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Response to the Whole and United Nations (UN) partners. After several meetings to review and of Syria Crisis refine the methodology, SMART was field-tested in six countries in early 2005 by Action Against Hunger, the Food Security Analysis Unit (FSAU) of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and Médecins sans Frontières (MSF). This led PILLAR 3 • PROMOTION to the SMART roll-out meeting held in June of the same year at UNICEF OF SMART LEARNING 16-17 House in New York, titled “Saving Lives: the Right Information for the • Capacity Building Right Decision”. The first version of the SMART Methodology Manual was launched in 2006 and since its inception several local ministries of health and institutes of statistics, NGOs and UN agencies have adopted the SMART Methodology for nutrition assessments. To this day, the TAG PILLAR 4 • INNOVATION is responsible for the continuous enhancement of SMART based on field AND TECHNOLOGICAL experiences. SMART is a systematized survey approach that balances simplicity ADVANCEMENTS TO and technical soundness. SMART survey results provide quality and NUTRITION SURVEYS 18-19 timely data, contributing to effective and coordinated decision-making • A Pioneering Methodology on resource allocation, relief response, and program development from governments and nutrition partners. SMART enhances capacity in always Breaking New Ground emergencies and in high-risk developing contexts where there may be an absence of reliable data, by ensuring coordination and dissemination of information around SMART as well as advancing technical capacity to SMART COMMUNITY 20-21 conduct SMART surveys. Action Against Hunger Canada is the inter-agency project convenor for the methodology since 2009. The SMART initiative links with Action Against Hunger’s mission to save lives by eliminating hunger through ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 22 prevention, detection, and treatment of malnutrition, especially during and after emergency situations of conflict, war, and natural disaster. SMART also aligns with the objectives of No Wasted Lives – a coalition made up of Action Against Hunger, the Children’s Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), COVER PHOTO: © SADEQUE RAHMAN SAED FOR ACTION AGAINST HUNGER the World Food Programme (WFP), the Department for International

4 | SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 : IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF NUTRITION AGENCIES’ RESPONSE CAPACITY Development (DFID) of United Kingdom and the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO) – that aims to double the proportion of mothers able to access nutrition treatment for their children – to a record 6 million a year by 2020. Endorsed by the GNC, SMART also actively coordinates with aid and development organizations at global, regional and national levels and shares its expertise in the methodology to help partners move toward the long-term goal of increased response effectiveness in humanitarian emergencies and development contexts.

SMART STRATEGY 2015-2017 IN REVIEW At the mid-point of our three-year Strategic Plan, the SMART Strategy was reviewed and strengthened based on the experience and lessons learned from the four pillars of engagement of the SMART Strategy (below). Now in the last months of the 2015-2017 Strategic Plan, this review will feed into the preparations for the next three Technical Provision of year Strategy Coordination Emergency until 2020. & Information Survey In this Management Support document, we will present the highlights of SMART what has been STRATEGY accomplished in each of our core pillars while celebrating Promotion Innovation & the growth of Technological of SMART the SMART Learning Advancements to Nutrition Community Surveys worldwide and across all sectors. PHOTO BY AVEL CHUKLANOV ON UNSPLASH

SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 | 5 PILLAR 1 TECHNICAL COORDINATION AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT TIMELINE

ThroughOF continued collaboration ACTIVITIES and coordination with the Global Nutrition Cluster (GNC), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the SMART Technical Advisory Group (TAG) and the SMART Assessment Working Group (AWG), the project ensures access to the latest tools, innovations and good practices based on the methodology. In doing so, the SMART initiative maintains its position as the technical point of contact regarding the methodology through its coordination role.

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE

East Africa Regional TAG Meeting GNC Working AWG Meeting LONDON, UK Meeting South NIWG NAIROBI, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND Information Session JUBA, Global 2015 AWG Meeting LONDON, UK

Global AWG GNC Working Meeting Meeting NAIROBI, KENYA Nutrition Measurement CDC-SMART WASHINGTON Initiatives Meeting Meeting D.C. USA ANNAPOLIS, USA ATLANTA, USA 2016

TEAM3 TAG Meeting Working Group MONTPELLIER, Meeting on FRANCE Assessments Anthropometry and Information Data Quality Working Group WASHINGTON GNC Working Meeting 2017 D.C. USA BEIRUT, LEBANON) Data Sessions NAIROBI, KENYA

6 | SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 PILLAR 1 TECHNICAL COORDINATION AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

WHAT IS THE SMART ASSESSMENT WORKING GROUP (AWG)? The AWG face-to-face forum is the sole global-level technical initiatives in the region, the sharing of National Survey working group of its kind, where key focal points representing experiences from and Kenya and lessons from various governments and organisations are provided a platform the South Sudan technical support deployment, as well for keeping up with advancements in nutrition assessment as discussions on urban sampling and the use of mobile TIMELINE methodology, technology and software and sharing field applications for survey data collection. experiences and good practices. GLOBAL AWG MEETING 2016 (INSET) EAST AFRICA REGIONAL AWG MEETING 2015 (INSET) This meeting brought together more than 40 participants, Workshop participants were drawn from key stakeholders including members of the TAG. OF ACTIVITIES across the region, including UN agencies and development Discussions focused on feedback from the latest technical partners, with special emphasis being given to government support deployments in different contexts, the development of representation to foster engagement and sustainability. new technical guidance resources, improvements to the training Highlights from this AWG meeting include a reaffirmation policy to allow for more training opportunities, and on the of UNICEF ESARO’s commitment and support for SMART conception of new learning tools, such as the E-Learning series.

JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER Kenya National Data Clinic NAIROBI, KENYA IPC Nutrition Classification Workshop GNC Annual Meeting Canadian Network HARGEISA, SOMALIA (co-chaired) for Maternal and NAIROBI, KENYA Newborn Child IPC Nutrition Health (MNCH) Classification Workshop MONTREAL, CANADA JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN

Data Clinic NAIROBI, KENYA GNC Strategic Advisory Group Nutrition in Meeting Emergencies GENEVA, (NiE) course at SWITZERLAND Emory University ATLANTA, USA Yemen Assessment Working Group Data Clinic SANA’A, YEMEN

East Africa Middle East Regional Yemen Assessment Regional Launch AWG Meeting Working Group Workshop NAIROBI, KENYA Middle East Data Clinic AMMAN, JORDAN Regional AWG SANA’A, YEMEN Meeting AMMAN, JORDAN

3 Technical Expert Advisory group on Nutrition Monitoring (TEAM): Established in 2015 by UNICEF and WHO, the TEAM work plan includes a number of priority actions, one of which is to review and expand guidance on anthropometry data quality and develop recommendations for improving data collection and presentation.

SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 | 7 PILLAR 1 TECHNICAL COORDINATION AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT FOCUS ON IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA For six months in 2016, SMART joined forces OBJECTIVE To document the implementation process of SMART surveys, including coordination with UNICEF’s East mechanisms and use of results of the different types of SMART surveys (national, and Southern Africa regional and small-scale) conducted in different countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Regional Office (ESARO) and West and Central Africa Regional Office (WCARO) to document the implementation process of SMART surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa. Key COORDINATION IMPLEMENTATION USE OF RESULTS outputs include a report This is to provide lessons learned on the planning and implementation processes based landscaping the use of on the survey type, and highlight the key processes, steps and tools. national, regional and small-scale surveys using SMART methods in the regions of East and South

Africa, and West and Central Africa including lessons learned on coordination mechanisms and their use in National Nutrition Information Systems. Two case studies 9 SELECTED COUNTRIES (next pages) on Tanzania CATEGORY 1 and were Mali, Senegal also devised, outlining CATEGORY 2 the process and lessons , DRC, South Sudan, learned of introducing and Kenya, Madagascar institutionalizing SMART CATEGORY 3 methods for National , Nutrition Surveys (NNS). COUNTRIES ALSO USING SMART

8 | SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 PILLAR 1 TECHNICAL COORDINATION AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT FOCUS ON IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA MAIN FINDINGS KEY CONCLUSIONS • There has been a broad use of the SMART methodology in Sub-Saharan Africa in the last few years: 32 countries out AND LESSONS LEARNED of a total of 45 in Sub-Saharan Africa used the SMART COORDINATION MECHANISMS methodology between 2013 and 2015. • Coordination between the government (i.e. • The implementation of nutrition surveys using the SMART Ministry of Health, Statistics Institute) and the methodology has contributed to the harmonization of different technical and financial partners (other nutrition rapid assessment methods across the region. government institutions, UN agencies, non- • The use of National Nutrition Survey/SMART owned by governmental organizations) is generally good governments has contributed to achieve consensus on the during the planning, implementation and results validation/ nutritional situation in a country. dissemination phases. • This report also illustrated the key role played by UNICEF • Nutrition information working groups significantly contribute with regard to SMART surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa: to the strengthening of nutrition information systems. UNICEF provides significant technical support, supplies IMPLEMENTATION anthropometric equipment, and supports the implementation of SMART surveys financially. • Implementation processes are similar across selected countries and comply with SMART • Action Against Hunger Canada’s support is also pivotal, technical recommendations. providing SMART methodology training, helping build the SMART capacities of the individuals responsible for conducting • Governments are becoming increasingly surveys, and maintaining the technical stringency required independent from outside technical support. to obtain quality data. • It is increasingly difficult to raise and secure funds to carry out SMART surveys: some thought will have to be given to the frequency and representation of regional and/or small-scale surveys in order to reduce their associated implementation costs and thereby facilitate the sustainability of the information systems currently in place.

USE OF RESULTS • Results are used in nutrition programming, as tools for advocacy and lobbying for the mobilization of resources, and included in early warning systems to enhance responses to crises and emergencies. • Constant interest from development partners in SMART surveys, considering results (including malnutrition prevalence) as benchmark nutrition data. • Data on women of childbearing age are collected in several countries, helping to highlight the nutritional transition underway in developing nations.

SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 | 9 PILLAR 1 TECHNICAL COORDINATION AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT NATIONAL NUTRITION SURVEYS CASE STUDY – TANZANIA The case study, completed in April 2016, highlights and discusses were also formulated in preparation for the next TNNS regarding, the key steps and lessons learned from the first Tanzania National among others: Nutrition Survey (TNNS) using the SMART methodology. • improvements to the training of the survey teams; As this was the first implementation of this type of nutrition • improvement of the national communication plan, to ensure survey, an advocacy phase aimed at the Government and its main that all stakeholders at regional, district and community levels nutrition partners started in July 2013, before work on the TNNS know the objectives and implementation dates of the survey, itself began. Then TNNS was prepared and implemented from July and; to December 2014. • increased involvement of Technical Committee members, nutrition partners or governmental institutions in the Key lesson learned and recommendations: supervision visits during data collection. The pivotal involvement of the Government throughout the It has also been recommended to orient capacity building different phases of the TNNS has contributed to the successful towards analysis and reporting in preparation for the next TNNS, implementation of this first TNNS, highlighting the importance of planned for September-November, 2017. involving key government stakeholders from survey inception. Detailed findings and recommendations can be found in the full Based on this first experience, a number of recommendations case study report.

10 | SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 PILLAR 1 TECHNICAL COORDINATION AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT NATIONAL NUTRITION SURVEYS CASE STUDY - BURKINA FASO The process of institutionalization of SMART NNS in Burkina • The ongoing support provided to the government by UNICEF Faso is detailed in this case study including the various Burkina Faso contributes to the appropriation of the steps leading to this outcome, from the SMART methodology activity by the DN and increases government autonomy in awareness-raising phase to the integration of NNS in the conducting the NNS. country’s Nutritional Information System. • The NNS is registered as a national activity by the The Ministry of Health of Burkina Faso, through its Department Government, and its outcomes are considered to be of Nutrition (DN), undertook a first National Nutrition Survey benchmarks by technical and financial partners. (NNS) in 2009 using the SMART methodology. Since then, NNS Recommendations pertain to the two main challenges have been conducted annually. regarding SMART NNS: securing funds to finance the surveys and maintaining the quality of the nutrition data collected. To ensure Key lessons learned and recommendations: quality of data, it is recommended to increase survey awareness Several factors have been identified as supporting the successful at all levels and to start the survey with all teams in one area/ institutionalization of SMART NNS in the country: stratum to allow for intensive supervision until the first area is • The Government plays a leading role in the SMART NNS completed and facilitate immediate correction of errors. implementation process and many key government partners The reader is invited to consult the full report to learn more are involved, for instance through the Technical Committee. about the institutionalization experience in Burkina Faso.

A NNS is a nutrition survey that uses SMART WHAT IS A recommendations in the planning, sampling, training, data collection, analysis and reporting phases. These NATIONAL NUTRITION surveys have national coverage and make it possible to obtain representative results at the national level and for SURVEY (NNS)? the first administrative level (or second administrative level, depending on the country and needs).

SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 | 11 PILLAR 2 PROVISION OF EMERGENCY TECHNICAL SUPPORT TECHNICAL SUPPORT AROUND THE WORLD

CANADA

FRANCE

GLOBAL OFFICE AT TURKEY ACTION AGAINST HUNGER CANADA SYRIA LEBANON IRAQ AFGHANISTAN JORDAN NEPAL

BANGLADESH REGIONAL INDIA OFFICE

HAITI NIGER GUATEMALA SENEGAL YEMEN THAILAND

NIGERIA SOUTH SUDAN SOMALIA ON-GROUND SUPPORT REMOTE SMART TRAININGS - TECHNICAL SUPPORT TECHNICAL DEPLOYMENTS SUPPORT KENYA

• Guatemala DEMOCRATIC • Malawi • Liberia REPUBLIC OF CONGO • Senegal • Syria (via Turkey) • Chad • Kenya (Regional) • South Sudan • DRC REGIONAL 2015 • Somalia (ICRC) (Integrated Food • Yemen OFFICE • Bangladesh Security Phase • Afghanistan • South Sudan Identification) MALAWI • Afghanistan • Kenya • Nepal • Ethiopia (Regional Training) • Whole of Syria • Haiti MADAGASCAR • Kenya (WoS) Crisis (via • Iraq 2016 (Global Training) Cyprus) • Niger • Canada • Niger (Global Training) • Yemen • WoS Crisis • Jordan • Canada (Global Training) • France • Lebanon • Madagascar 2017 • Thailand • South Sudan • India • • Somalia • Senegal • Uganda • Zimbabwe

12 | SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 PILLAR 2 PROVISION OF EMERGENCY TECHNICAL SUPPORT TECHNICAL SUPPORT AROUND THE WORLD During the period of 2015 to 2017, SMART provided technical support for nutrition stakeholders across

CANADA the world, with a particular focus on East Africa

FRANCE and the Middle East.

GLOBAL OFFICE AT TURKEY ACTION AGAINST HUNGER CANADA SYRIA LEBANON IRAQ AFGHANISTAN JORDAN NEPAL

BANGLADESH REGIONAL INDIA OFFICE

HAITI NIGER GUATEMALA SENEGAL CHAD YEMEN THAILAND

NIGERIA SOUTH ETHIOPIA LIBERIA SUDAN SOMALIA

UGANDA KENYA

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO

REGIONAL OFFICE

MALAWI ACTIVATED NUTRITION COUNTRIES WITH CLUSTERS SECTOR ACTIVATED (AUGUST 2017) (AUGUST 2017) ZIMBABWE MADAGASCAR • Afghanistan • Bangladesh • Chad (deactivated • DRC cluster) • Ethiopia • Haiti (deactivated • Iraq cluster) • Liberia • Kenya • Malawi • Nepal • Niger (deactivated • Somalia cluster) • South Sudan • Nigeria • Turkey – Northern • Syria – Syria Response Regional WoS • Yemen • Syria – Damascus

SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 | 13 PILLAR 2 PROVISION OF EMERGENCY TECHNICAL SUPPORT SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT DEPLOYMENTS The SMART initiative responds to inter-agency survey needs by providing technical support to organizations who wish to undertake SMART surveys in areas of high priority, including humanitarian crises and high-risk nutrition situations with an absence of reliable data. Technical support is tailored and contextualized to the unique needs in each setting.

GLOBAL-LEVEL DEPLOYMENTS OVERVIEW 2017 NIGER Rapid influx of refugees due to ongoing conflict SOUTH SUDAN Need for strong nutrition surveillance mechanisms UNICEF, WFP, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Institut National de Statistique Following declaration of famine in parts of the country, the (INS) of Niger advocated for the need to conduct a SMART survey Nutrition Cluster sought to enhance SMART capacity of partners including a limited number of health, water, sanitation and in conducting reliable nutrition and mortality surveys to inform hygiene (WASH), infant feeding, and food security questions among humanitarian response and monitor the situation. A Survey the displaced and refugee populations in the host communities in Manager training was conducted for partners’ staff, who then took Diffa. Remote support was provided to the GNC’s Technical Rapid part in nutrition surveys and provided technical support to the Response Team (TRRT) for this assessment. cluster’s Nutrition Information Working Group. 2015 2016 MALAWI AFGHANISTAN Providing support to flood-affected areas Need for updated standardized nutrition information given the protracted crisis SMART, in collaboration with UNICEF Malawi, built the capacity of 15 technical partners from seven organizations in order to conduct As per request from the national Assessment and Information SMART surveys in flood-affected areas; this included a Survey Management Working Group (AIM-WG), a five-day SMART training Manager training, technical support for the survey protocols for the Public Nutrition Department staff and Basic Package of and questionnaires for the upcoming surveys, as well as remote Health Services (BPHS) implementing partners was conducted support for anthropometric data analysis based on survey results. for 21 participants from local government ministries, three UN agencies, and five NGOs. A three-day national data workshop SOUTH SUDAN on standardization using SMART methods was also conducted, Up-to-date nutrition in addition to another multi-sector data workshop led by the information AIM-WG, and a follow-up training with remote technical support for crisis monitoring provided from SMART. Technical guidance to NEPAL the Integrated Phase Classification (IPC) Absence of reliable nutrition data one year post-earthquake process in South One year following the earthquakes of April and May 2015, the Sudan was provided Assessment Working Group (AWG) of the National Nutrition during a workshop Cluster chaired by UNICEF-Nepal called for technical support with 30 participants in SMART. Capacity-building of 23 national stakeholders was from government ministries, UN carried out, including an extensive review of survey protocols to An officer on its way to a sampled agencies and NGOs. ensure quality of upcoming surveys in earthquake-affected areas. village (South Sudan, 2015) Experts reviewed Since then, with additional remote support and collaboration nutrition data from for review of data quality, a series of surveys were conducted by the Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring System (FSNMS), partners trained during the deployment and were used to guide Rapid SMART surveys, and SMART surveys and used them in the interventions. IPC analysis to classify the overall nutrition situation by state and to define key nutrition messages for the country.

14 | SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 PILLAR 2 PROVISION OF EMERGENCY TECHNICAL SUPPORT NUTRITION ASSESSMENTS IN RESPONSE TO THE WHOLE OF SYRIA CRISIS

APRIL - MAY MAY Survey of refugees 2014 Six-day SMART training SPOTLIGHT ON in Jordan, led by for survey teams held in UNHCR based on the Turkey for Syrian surveyors SMART IN THE SMART methodology. collecting data in Syria. MIDDLE EAST The need to closely monitor the nutrition MAY (2015-2017) situation was identified 20 participants were The ongoing crisis in Syria is now in its sixth as a priority in 2015 trained in Turkey as year and as the scale and intensity of violence the 2015 and 2016 Syria Enumerators / Team show little to no signs of abating, large numbers Strategic Response Plan. of Syrians continue to seek protection in the Leaders. Participants in nearby countries of Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq, JULY management positions and Jordan. Inter-agency Survey were also provided In response to this crisis and other numerous Manager training for the with training in adult protracted crises requiring the monitoring of Middle East and North learning techniques. the ongoing malnutrition risk among affected Africa region conducted in Cyprus, organized populations across the Middle East and North SEPTEMBER and financed by UNICEF Africa (MENA), a regional Nutritional Capacity SMART training held in and facilitated by Action Needs Analysis (NCNA) was conducted in 2016, Turkey and facilitated by Against Hunger and the involving countries with ongoing humanitarian individuals who had been CDC. 17 survey managers situations: Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, trained earlier in 2014 from nine countries and six Palestine, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia and Yemen. and 2015. Such local organizations were trained. Findings revealed a significant variation in SMART initiatives increase capacity in the MENA region and showed low 2016 collaboration with other to medium capacity regarding the methodology OCTOBER implementing partners. across the countries studied. Collaboration with UNHCR As a result of the NCNA, a scale up of SMART to support data collection DECEMBER presence and services in the Middle East is for an inter-agency nutrition In Yemen, the National planned for mid-2017. This new initiative will survey of children under five Nutrition Cluster requested allow for more effective advocacy efforts, and women of reproductive technical support from improve coordination of nutrition information, age among refugees living SMART, UNICEF, and and result in an increase of regional capacity in urban host communities the Ministry of Public in the planning, implementation, analysis and in Jordan, and to assist Health and Population to validation of nutrition assessments. in the monitoring of train 16 participants from effectiveness and coverage 15 agencies and hold a of interventions. workshop on procedure standardization. JULY Survey Manager level AUGUST training on SMART 2017 Another Survey Manager for the Southern hub level training will be held in governorates of Yemen Sana’a, Yemen for further in Aden. A total of 23 capacity building in SMART. partners were trained. ©FLORIAN SERIEX FOR ACTION AGAINST HUNGER

2 Standardised Expanded Nutrition Survey (SENS): UNHCR SENS is based on the SMART methodology for survey design and anthropometric assessments and adapted to the specific requirements of refugee settings.

SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 | 15 PILLAR 3 PROMOTION OF SMART LEARNING CAPACITY BUILDING The SMART initiative provides training services for the methodology through a sound technical and methodological training approach that ensures training participants have the capacity to conduct SMART surveys.

LEVELS OF NEW MODEL KEY STATISTICS ON THE TRAINING FOR TRAINING 2015-2017 SMART TRAINEES Participating in a SMART Training is joining… OFFERED SERVICES 268 participants trained4 between January 2015 SURVEY MANAGER TRAINING To meet the growing demand for and August 2017, over 85 days of training, (14 TRAININGS CONDUCTED) face-to-face trainings, SMART conducted in 10 cities, 9 countries! Survey Managers are expected to instituted a cost-recovery model lead the planning, implementation, for training services in 2016 analysis and reporting of SMART where training fees cover West and Central Africa 33% surveys and to ensure proper classroom instruction Eastern supervision of team members time, practical/field Africa 29% in the field. exercises, training North America Duration: seven days of training. materials and and Europe 9% daily catering South MASTER TRAINER COURSE costs for the Asia 8% (3 COURSES OFFERED) duration of WORK BASE Global / SMART Master Trainers are the training. REGIONS Roving 7% expected to be able to lead all Two OF TRAINEES Latin America and elements of a Survey Manager level different types the Caribbean 7% training, including the technical and of training Southern 4% statistical content. Master Trainers services Africa are expected to commit to both are offered: Middle East and North Africa 2% internal and inter-agency training individual-based, East Asia efforts in the SMART methodology in which each and Pacific 5% and act as a technical focal point participant and/or their within their place of employment. own agency is responsible for Duration: four days of training. the payment of the training fee, and agency-based, in which the training NGOs 57% costs are covered by the requesting UN Agencies agency and the training is tailored for 19% internal agency needs. Govt/MoH Since 2016, 47% of face-to-face 15% TRAINEES trainings were conducted under Academia 3% BY this new model, receiving more than SECTOR 500 applications to attend. Thus far, Humanitarian Networks 2% 141 participants have been trained Consultants under the new model. 2% A set training schedule will be Donors 1% available by the end of 2017 to enable agencies to better plan attendance of their staff. GENDER OF TRAINEES Male 56% Female 44%

4 Excluding individuals trained as part of the technical support provided during deployments.

16 | SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 PILLAR 3 PROMOTION OF SMART LEARNING E-LEARNING SMART WEBSITE VISITS, SERIES DOWNLOADS AND USER In order to complement face-to-face learning and to DEMOGRAPHICS extend access to capacity building, a four-module SMART (JANUARY 2015 TO AUGUST 2017) E-Learning Series was developed and launched. The modules include: MODULE 1: OVERVIEW OF FIELD SURVEYS MODULE 2: SURVEY TEAMS 82,161 TOTAL WEBSITE VISITS MODULE 3: QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN 762 MODULE 4: FIELD PROCEDURES HUMANITARIAN NETWORK E-Learning targets both new learners to SMART and act as a refresher for previous training participants. 52,929 To access the E-Learning Series, visit: TOTAL UNIQUE VISITING USERS http://smartmethodology.org/survey-planning- 2,030 tools/smart-capacity-building-toolbox/ RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS & HEALTH CARE smart-e-learning-series-2/. PROVIDERS Hosting of the SMART E-Learning Series is provided 202 NUMBER OF COUNTRIES & through a partnership with DisasterReady, a non-profit TERRITORIES OF VISITING USERS initiative of the Cornerstone OnDemand Foundation with support from representatives of NGOs, agencies and the private sector. TOOLS AND RESOURCE DOWNLOADS 3,269 CONSULTANTS & PRIVATE 48,852 FOUNDATIONS TOTAL NUMBER OF DOWNLOADS 3,424 NATIONAL, REGIONAL 4,305 OR LOCAL NGO TOTAL NUMBER OF UNIQUE ORGANIZATIONS (DOWNLOADS)

STATISTICS ON SMART WEBINARS 3,834 GOVERNMENTS 30 TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS 6,883 CAPACITY 9 UN AGENCY NUMBER OF COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES OF PARTICIPANTS BUILDING 7,425 ACADEMIC TOOLBOX INSTITUTIONS Pursuing its mission to support stakeholders in the 11 adoption of the methodology and the implementation TOTAL NUMBER OF UNIQUE of SMART surveys, a formal set of training materials for ORGANIZATIONS REPRESENTED the Enumerator Training and Survey Manager Training is readily available on the website. 21,225 These packages consist of training manuals, new and INTERNATIONAL NGO updated presentations, and complementary tools and resources. What’s more, the toolbox is available in three languages: English, French, and Spanish! 48,852 http://smartmethodology.org/survey-planning-tools/ TOTAL DOWNLOADS

SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 | 17 PILLAR 4 INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS TO NUTRITION SURVEYS A PIONEERING METHODOLOGY ALWAYS BREAKING NEW GROUND Since its beginnings, the SMART methodology has set itself the ambitious goal to reform and harmonize assessments and responses to emergencies, as well as surveillance (if used at equal time intervals).

INNOVATIONS OF THE SMART METHODOLOGY • Rigorous standardization test procedures and analysis. USE OF RAPID SMART • Improved census procedure for mortality assessments.

• Flexibility in sample size calculation, with standardized survey Rapid SMART, rather than full SMART surveys, protocols with the use of replacement clusters, household selection can be considered in cases when the affected techniques, and best field practices (e.g. for absent children or empty population: households). 1. lives in a clear, geographically delimited, small administrative unit (such as IDP/ • User-friendly open-access Emergency Nutrition Software (ENA) that refugee camps, urban slums, settlements is easy to use even for non-epidemiologists, featuring automated or neighborhoods, group of villages); functions for sample size calculations, sample selection, quality 2. has similar access to public services and checks, standardization for anthropometry measurements and report socio-economic patterns; generation with automatic analyses (latest version: July 9, 2015). 3. lives in an insecure and/or limited access area where the survey team cannot spend • Plausibility Check (see opposite) to verify data quality and flag a long time on the ground; problems.

RAPID SMART (2014) And is combined with at least Field-tested in several settings between 2012 and 2014, Rapid SMART one of the following factors: allows for the quick collection of reliable nutrition data under certain contexts (see figure opposite). The use of a fixed sample size (or simplified rule in case of required cluster sampling), the selection of a limited number of variables, and an overall streamlined process allowing Urgency for Limited time: organization and completion of the survey in a week are amongst the decision-making: emergency situation main adjustments made to the full standard methodology to create Rapid rapid information of due to epidemics, nutritional situation in SMART. However, due to its nature, Rapid SMART has limitations. It drought, calamities, a representative and cannot be used to assess global acute malnutrition (GAM) / severe acute displacement, high accurate manner is malnutrition (SAM) for larger geographical areas, cannot be used for the insecurity in the zone. needed. collection of multiple indicators beyond anthropometry (and mortality), and cannot be used to inform long-term programs. As such, Rapid SMART surveys are only appropriate when the situation requires a rapid estimate of the nutritional status in small geographical areas. This is most often the case in emergency contexts with high insecurity that limits the survey team’s access to survey areas.

18 | SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 © KARTIK AVATANI FOR ACTION AGAINST HUNGER PILLAR 4 INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS TO NUTRITION SURVEYS A PIONEERING METHODOLOGY ALWAYS BREAKING NEW GROUND

PLAUSIBILITY CHECK CHAPTER (2015) There are many ways in which a survey can be biased or inaccurate and give erroneous results; quality control of the data is critical if these problems are to be avoided. The Plausibility Check is a key SMART innovation used to analyse the overall quality of anthropometric survey data. Refined over years of use in the field, the Plausibility Check Report shows the distribution of the sample against that expected if the subjects are properly sampled, the amount of missing and implausible data based on flag criteria (see figure below), and a series of statistical tests examining the internal structure of the survey data against that which would be expected to occur in a well conducted survey. Explanations on the logic behind the statistical tests used to analyse anthropometric data and a step-by-step approach on how to interpret the different sections of the Plausibility Check are provided in a dedicated chapter available on the SMART website.

SMART VS. WHO FLAGS Measurements excluded using SURVEY SMART flags MEAN (+3 from observed survey mean, includes 99.7% of the data)

-5 -4.12 -1.12 0 +1.88 -5 Measurements excluded using REFERENCE WHO flags MEAN (+3 from reference mean)

SAMPLING CONSIDERATIONS FOR © KARTIK AVATANI FOR ACTION AGAINST HUNGER URBAN CONTEXTS (2017) General sampling principles and existing SMART guidelines for sampling apply to all settings. However, certain sampling challenges exist that are specific to urban areas. A technical document resulting from the SMART Assessment Working Group (AWG) meetings, Sampling in Urban Areas: Approaches and Case Studies (Spring 2017) aims to reach three main objectives: 1. to consolidate urban sampling experiences; 2. to illustrate key considerations when performing simple or systematic random sampling in urban contexts; and 3. to provide partners with realistic examples of how to implement SMART surveys in various urban contexts. Components of each example can be used to help develop a survey protocol and are meant to help illustrate the complexity, challenges and possible approaches to urban sampling. This document will be amended based on further urban sampling discussions and lessons learned.

SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 | 19 STAKEHOLDERS COMMUNITY Online Users of the SMART Learning Toolbox

International NGOs GOAL Relief International Centre for Counselling Protecting Families Against United Nations Office for the Nutrition and Health Care HIV/AIDS (PREFA) Coordination of Humanitarian ACDI/VOCA Gorta Self Help Africa Samaritan’s Purse (COUNSENUTH) Pure Heart Foundation (PHF) Affairs (OCHA) Action Against Hunger/Action Health Poverty Action Save the Children Centre for Disability in United Nations Refugee contre la Faim Helen Keller International International (SCI) Rafiki Wa Maendeleo Trust Development (CDD) (RWMT) Agency (UNHCR) Adventist Development and (HKI) Secours Islamique France Centre pour la Promotion du United Nations Relief and Relief Agency (ADRA) Help – Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe Solidarités International Rajiv Gandhi Charitable Trust Monde Rural (CEPROMOR) Works Agency for Palestine e.v. (Help e.V) (RGCT) African Development Syrian American Medical Refugees in the Near East Charitable Society for Social Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Solutions (Adeso) HelpAge International Society (SAMS) (UNRWA) Welfare (CSSW) Service (RDRS) Aga Khan Foundation (AKF) ICAP at Columbia University Syrian Expatriate Medical World Bank Child Rights and You (CRY) Rebecca Mbok Foundation Agency for Technical iDE Association (SEMA) Child Rights Connect (CRC) (RMF) World Food Programme Cooperation and Innovations for Policy Action TDO (WFP) Development (ACTED) Child Rights Foundation Reliance Foundation (IPA) Tearfund World Health Organization (CRF) Reproductive and Child Alimentacción Interchurch Organization for Terre des hommes (Tdh) (WHO) Chuny Thuolo Group (CTG) Health Alliance (RACHA) Alliance for International Development Cooperation The Hunger Project Medical Action (ALIMA) (ICCO) Community Appraisal & Rescue Initiative - South UOSSM Motivation Programme Sudan American Refugee International Emergency Academic Valid International (CAMP) Committee and Development Aid (IEDA Shabelle Relief and Institutions Voluntary Service Overseas Community Children Development Organization Amref Health Africa Relief) (VSO) Organisation (COCO) (SHARDO) Asian Disaster Preparedness International Medical Corps Welthungerlife Community Health and Shanti Ashram Center (ADPC) (IMC) Aga Khan University World Concern Development (CHADO) SHBC Swaziland Ayni Desarrollo International Orthodox Ahfad University Christian Charities (IOCC) World Relief CooEsperanca Society for Nutrition, Bioforce Ahfad University For Women Deepak Foundation Education & Health Action International Relief & World Vision International , BRAC (SNEHA) Development (IRD) (WVI) Development Fund (DF) Zaria Canadian International International Rescue Zerca y Lejos ONGD Disaster Prevention and Solutions For Humanity Medical Relief Organization Commmitee IRC) Food Security Programme International (SFH) (CIMRO) Airlangga University INTERSOS and Coordination Office Somali Rehabilitation & CARE National, Regional (DPFSPCO) Develoment Agency (SORDA) Aksum University Islamic Relief Worldwide or Local NGOs CARE International Disaster Risk Management Support Health and Alborz University of Medical (IRW) Access Development and Caritas Internationalis and Food Security Sector Integrated Development Sciences Italian Development Relief Organization (ADRO) Catholic Relief Services (CRS) (DRMFSS) Organization (SHIDO-Uganda) American University of Beirut Cooperation AFIA Santé Centre for Affordable Water Ekjut Système d’Alerte Précoce du Ateneo de Zamboanga Johanniter International Aged and Children and Sanitation Technology Eminence Associates for Mali (SAP) University Assistance Pastoralists Association (CAWST) Social Development (EASD) THESO Avinashilingam University John Snow, Inc. and JSI (ACPA) CHE Fight Hunger Foundation Universal Intervention and Bahir dar University Research & Training Institute, Aide Au Développement Clinton Health Access Development Organization Bangladesh Agricultural Inc. (JSI) Gembloux (ADG) First Step Cambodia Initiative (CHAI) (UNIDO) University Joint Aid Management Al Massar FOCUS 1000 Universal Network for Comitato Collaborazione International (JAM) Graines de Paix Bangladesh University of Apnalaya Knowledge & Empowerment Medica (CCM) Kimetrica Health Sciences Asociacion Nacional Hand in Hand India Agency (UNKEA) Concern Worldwide (CWW) Magna Children at Risk Brac University Ecumenica de Desarrollo HANDS Pakistan Unnayan Onneshan Cooperative for Assistance (MAGNA) Brawijaya University (ANED) Health for All Foundation and Relief Everywhere (CARE) Urban Poverty (PNPM Central Philippine Univeristy Malaria Consortium Association for Rural (HAF) Cooperazione e Sviluppo Perkotaan) (CPU) Medair Development (ARD) Health Link South Sudan (CESVI) WARDI Relief & Developmet Central University of Orissa Médecins Du Monde (MdM) Association pour la Health Organization for Cooperazione Internazionale Initiatives Médecins Sans Frontières/ Promotion de la Femme et de Mindanao (HOM) Chiang Mai University (COOPI) Women Peacemakers Doctors Without Borders l’Enfant (ASSOPROFEN) Health Oriented Preventive Christian Medical College, Coordinamento delle Program (WPP) (MSF) Associazione Studio Paziente Education (HOPE) Vellore Organizzazioni per il Servizio Mercy Corps Immuno Compromesso onlus Columbia Global Centers Volontario (COSV) Health Reform Foundation of UN Organisations Merlin (ASPIC) Nigeria (HEFRON) Columbia University Dan Church Aid (DCA) Food and Agriculture Micronutrient Initiative (MI) Avantha Foundation Health Strategy and Delivery Cultural Research Institute Danish Refugee Council Organization (FAO) Bangladesh National Foundation (HSDF) (DRC) Muslim Aid Dedan Kimathi University of Woman Lawyers’ Association Food Security and Nutrition Norwegian Church Aid HealthNet Afghanistan Technology DSW (BNWLA) Analysis Unit - Somalia Norwegian Refugee Council Jan Sahas Social (FSNAU) Dilla University Family Health International Catholic Church - Integrated (NRC) Development Society École de Santé Publique de 360 (FHI 360) Community-based International Organization for John Dau Foundation Kinshasa Feed the Children Oxfam Development Program Migration (IOM) KISIMA Peace and École Nationale de FINCA International Partners in Health (PIH) (CC-ICDP) United Nations Children’s development la Statistique et de PATH Center for Development Fund (UNICEF) Food for the Hungry l’Administration Economique and Disaster Management Mother and Children United Nations Development International (FH) People in Need (PIN) (ENSAE) Support Service (CDDMASS) Development Aid (MACDA) Programme (UNDP) Foundation for International Physicians Across Continents Nepali Technical Assistance Emory University Development/Relief (FIDR) (PAC) Center of Excellence for Rural United Nations Educational, Development (CERD) Group (NTAG) Scientific and Cultural Ghent University French Institute for Public Plan International Centre de Sante de Reference Nile Hope Organization (UNESCO) Government Medical College Health Surveillance (InVS) Population Services (CSREF) Philani United Nations Foundation Kozhikode Global Alliance for Improved International (PSI) Centre for Children’s PIACT Bangladesh United Nations Office for Great Lakes University of Nutrition (GAIN) Proyecto CERO ONG Happiness (CCH) Project Services (UNOPS) Kisumu Global Communities Internacional

20 | SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 STAKEHOLDERS

SMART thanks all the organizations, agencies, partners and more who have accessed our various survey planning tools.

Haramaya University Tulane University National Center of Food and Global Fund Japan International Harvard University UC Berkeley University of KwaZulu-Natal Nutrition (Peru) Hadassah consultant Cooperation Agency (JICA) Udayana University University of Leeds National Institute of Nutrition ICF International La Fundacion Internacional (NIN) y para Iberoamerica de Hebrew University Uganda Martyrs University IFRC consultant National Nutrition and Administracion y Politicas Institut National de la Universidad de Barcelona University of Melbourne Independent Food Technology Research Publicas (FIIAPP) Statistique Universidad de San Carlos de University of Moratuwa Institute (NNFTRI) Infoscope Consulting Ltd Ministry of Health Congo Institut Pasteur Guatemala Police Hospital JF Kapnek Trust Ministry of Health Côte Institut Superieur des Universidad Galileo University of Ottawa Tata-Cornell Agriculture and KnowledgeOne Inc. d’Ivoire techniques medicales de Universidad Peruana de University of Oviedo, Spain Nutrition Initiative Le Monde Health and Ministry of Health Ethiopia Bukavu Ciencias Aplicadas University of Pennsylvania Tenwek Hospital Development Consultancy Ministry of Health Iqra University Universidad Rafael Landívar PLC University of Port Harcourt The Hospital for Sick Children Ministry of Health Haiti Istanbul University Universidad Técnica de mFIeldwork University of Reading (Sick Kids)/Centre for Global Ministry of Health Kenya Istituto Universitario di Studi Manabí Child Health Millennium Consulting Group Superiori di Pavia (IUSS) University of Ministry of Health Mauritania Universidad Veracruzana Center for Applied MOSS ICT Consultancy Jahangirnagar University University of Southampton Ministry of Health Universitas Muhammadiah Health Research and Nutriset University of Southern Mozambique Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Surakarta Development (ZCAHRD) Mindanao Ponki Enterprises Ministry of Health Philippines University of Science and Université Abdou Moumouni Humanitarian Networks Techology University of Sydney Precision consultants Ministry of Health South Université Catholique Active Learning Network University of Tokyo Prime Foundation Sudan Johns Hopkins School of d’Afrique Centrale for Accountability and Public Health (JHSPH) Primus Africa Ministry of Health Sudan Université catholique de University of Valencia Performance Public Health Foundation of Jomo Louvain (UCL) University of Waterloo in Humanitarian Action Ministry of Health Tanzania India (PHFI) Justus Liebig University (JLU) Université Cheikh Anta Diop University of Westminster (ALNAP) Ministry of Health Rankstat Africa Karolinska Institutet de Dakar - Sénégal (UCAD) University of Zalingei African Centre for Ministry of Health Uganda SECOBA Consultancy Kenya Methodist University Université d’Abomey-Calavi Global Health and Social Ministry of Health Yemen (UAC) Transformation (ACHEST) Services Kenyatta University Ministry of Health Zambia Université de Dschang Clinton Foundation The Khana Group Kyambogo University Uppsala University Ministry of Health Zimbabwe Université de Genève CORE Group The KonTerra Group Lilongwe University of Vidyasagar University, India Ministry of Health/Ministère Agriculture and Natural Université de Lomé Emergency Nutrition Network Vientiane Orchidees de la Santé (MoH) Virginia Tech Consulting Resources (LUANAR) Universite de Lubumbashi (ENN) National Bureau of Statistics Wageningen University WAPCOS Ltd. Liverpool School of Tropical Université de Montpellier International Baby Food (NBS) Mali, PNG, South Walden University Medicine (LSTM) Action Network (IBFAN) World in Consulting (WiC) Sudan Université de Montreal Wayamba University of Sri London School of Economics (UdeM) International Red Cross and National Council for Lanka and Political Science (LSE) Red Crescent Movement Population and Development Université de Ouagadougou Governments London School of Hygiene Wolaita Soddo University (ICRC) (NCPD) Université de Yaoundé Administration for Refugee and Tropical Medicine Millennium Villages Project National Disaster Universite Libre de Bruxelles and Returnee Affairs (ARRA) (LSHTM) Scaling Up Nutrition Civil Management Authority Research Afghan Health and Université Lille 1 Society Network (SUN CSN) (NDMA) Makerere University Institutions & Development Services (AHDS) Université Lyon 1 (UCBL) Consultancies, Foundations Nepal Health Sector Support Manmohan Memorial Health Care Area Health Service Université Senghor or Independents Programme (NHSSP) Institude of Health Sciences Providers (Australia) d’Alexandrie Alghouta Hospital AAC Consulting Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Massachusetts General Centers for Disease Control University at Albany, State Assistance (OFDA) Hospital Centre for Research on the Akouto Consulting and Prevention (CDC) University of New York (SUNY) Epidemiology of Disasters Programme Nationale de Mawlana Bhashani Science Altai Consulting Department for International University College Dublin (CRED) Nutrition (PRONANUT) and Technology University American Nicarugan Development (DFID) (MBSTU) (UCD) Epicentre Secretaría de Seguridad Foundation Disaster Risk Management University College London Alimentaria y Nutricional McGill University/Université Food and Nutrition Research ATR Consulting and Food Security Sector McGill University for Development Institute (FNRI) (SESAN) Bibliant Foundation Ethiopia (DRMFSS) Medical University of Kerman Studies Helping Hands Community Somaliland Ministry of Health Bill and Melinda Gates District Health of Kebemer University of Aberdeen Hospital State Ministry of Health Medical University of South Foundation Ethiopian Public Health Carolina University of Bonn Hospital San José (SMOH) Biostat Global Consulting Institute (EPHI) State Ministry of Health Montana State University University of Copenhagen Institut National de European Commission Brixton Health (SMOH) Pakistan Oita University University of Dar es Salaam Recherche en Santé Publique Humanitarian Aid and Civil Chemonics State Ministry of Health Princeton University University of Delhi International Centre for Protection (ECHO) Diarrheal Disease Research, Colibri Consulting (SMOH) Philippines PSG College of Arts and University of Dhaka Famine Early Warning Consultant Social Group State Ministry of Health Science Bangladesh (icddr,b) Systems Network (FEWS University of Dodoma Dagu consulting and services Ethiopia Qatar University International Development NET) Research Centre (IDRC) DVTECH Tanzania Food and Nutrition Queen’s University Food Security Technical University of Eastern Finland Centre (TFNC) International Food Policy E Hadassah consultants Secretariat (FSTS) Raghavendra Institute of University of Florence Research Institute (IFPRI) United States Agency for Pharmaceutical Education eCurious Gesellschaft für JSI Research & Training Internationale International Development and Research Epistat Research (USAID) , Legon Institute Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) Sanaa University FAGO Health Consult West African Health University of Groningen Kalawati Saran Children Ghana Health Service (GHS) St. John’s University of Forcier Consulting Organisation (WAHO) University of Guelph Hospital Global Affairs Canada (GAC) Tanzania Forshung Consulting University of Heidelberg Kenya Medical Research Institut National de Tata Institute of Social Futures Group Institute (KEMRI) la Statistique et de la Sciences (TISS) Nakaseke Hospital GLANH Consulting Service Démographie (INSD) Tufts University University of Johannesburg

SMART STRATEGY REVIEW 2015–2017 | 21 Acknowledgements The SMART initiative gratefully acknowledges the technical insight provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Technical Advisory Group members, and the continued financial support from the USAID Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) for the implementation of this three-year strategy.

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