Population, Development, and Environment on the Yucatan´ Peninsula: From Ancient Maya to 2030 Wolfgang Lutz, Leonel Prieto, and Warren Sanderson Editors RR-00-14 July 2000 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria Tel: +43 2236 807 Fax: +43 2236 73148 E-mail:
[email protected] Web: www.iiasa.ac.at International Standard Book Number 3-7045-0138-7 Research Reports, which record research conducted at IIASA, are independently reviewed before publication. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. Copyright c 2000 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright holder. Cover design by Anka James. Printed by Remaprint, Vienna. Contents Introduction: Understanding Complex Population–Environment Interactions Wolfgang Lutz iv PART I: The Evolution of Yucatan´ 1 1 Social and Environmental Factors in the Classic Maya Collapse William J. Folan, Betty Faust, Wolfgang Lutz, and Joel D. Gunn 2 2 Socioecological Regions of the Yucatan´ Peninsula Eduardo Batllori, Federico Dickinson, Ana Garc´ıa, Manuel Mart´ın, Ivan Gonzalez,´ Miguel Villasuso, and Jose Luis Febles 33 3 Recent Population and Education Trends on the Yucatan´ Peninsula Amarella Eastmond, Ana Garc´ıa de Fuentes, and Juan Cordoba´ y Ordonez˜ 54 4 Maya Culture, Population, and the Environment on the Yucatan´ Peninsula Betty Faust and Richard Bilsborrow 73 5 The Performance of the Economy of the Yucatan´ Peninsula from 1970–1993 Juan Luis Pena˜ Chapa, Manuel Martin Castillo, and Juan Carlos Gonzalez Avila 108 6 A Conceptual Model of the Aquifer of the Yucatan´ Peninsula Miguel J.