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Geologic Resource Evaluation Report National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center National Capital Parks–East Geologic Resource Evaluation Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2008/039 THIS PAGE: Mountian Laurel, Greenbelt Park, Maryland. ON THE COVER: Oxon Hill Farm, Part of Oxon Cove Park, Maryland. NPS Photos by John Grubka and Bill Clark. National Capital Parks–East Geologic Resource Evaluation Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2008/039 Geologic Resources Division Natural Resource Program Center P.O. Box 25287 Denver, Colorado 80225 June 2008 U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer- reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. Natural Resource Reports are the designated medium for disseminating high priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. Examples of the diverse array of reports published in this series include vital signs monitoring plans; "how to" resource management papers; proceedings of resource management workshops or conferences; annual reports of resource programs or divisions of the Natural Resource Program Center; resource action plans; fact sheets; and regularly- published newsletters. Views and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect policies of the National Park Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service. Printed copies of reports in these series may be produced in a limited quantity and they are only available as long as the supply lasts. This report is also available from the Geologic Resource Evaluation Program website (http://www2.nature.nps.gov/geology/inventory/ gre_publications) on the internet, or by sending a request to the address on the back cover. Please cite this publication as: Thornberry- Ehrlich, T. 2008. National Capital Parks–East Geologic Resource Evaluation Report. Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2008/039. National Park Service, Denver, Colorado. NPS D- 28, June 2008 Table of Contents List of Figures .............................................................................................................. iv Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2 Purpose of the Geologic Resource Evaluation Program ............................................................................................2 Geologic Setting .........................................................................................................................................................2 Geologic Issues........................................................................................................... 10 Recreational Demands .............................................................................................................................................10 Erosion, Sediment Load, and Channel Storage........................................................................................................10 Water Issues.............................................................................................................................................................11 General Geology ......................................................................................................................................................12 Landscape Change ..................................................................................................................................................13 Geologic Features and Processes............................................................................. 14 Cretaceous Age Fossils............................................................................................................................................14 Geology and History at National Capital Parks–East................................................................................................14 Map Unit Properties .................................................................................................... 19 Map Unit Properties Table........................................................................................................................................20 Geologic History.......................................................................................................... 25 Taconic Orogeny ......................................................................................................................................................25 Acadian Orogeny......................................................................................................................................................26 Alleghenian Orogeny ................................................................................................................................................26 Triassic Extension to Cenozoic Deposition...............................................................................................................26 Quaternary Landscape Evolution .............................................................................................................................27 Glossary....................................................................................................................... 34 References................................................................................................................... 37 Appendix A: Geologic Map Graphic .......................................................................... 40 Appendix B: Scoping Summary................................................................................. 43 Appendix C: Report of the NPS Monitoring Workshop............................................ 46 Appendix D: Geoindicators Report............................................................................ 56 Attachment 1: Geologic Resource Evaluation Products CD NACE Geologic Resource Evaluation Report iii List of Figures Figure 1: Physiographic provinces and regions of Maryland..........................................................................................5 Figure 2 Map of Fort Washington Park visitor use facilities............................................................................................6 Figure 3: Map of Greenbelt Park visitor use facilities .....................................................................................................7 Figure 4: Map of Kenilworth Aquatic Gardens and Marsh as part of Anacostia Park.....................................................8 Figure 5: Photograph of Oxon Cove Park and Oxon Hill Farm ......................................................................................9 Figure 6: Drawings of Astrodon johnstoni tooth............................................................................................................16 Figure 7: Drawing of the Maryland State Dinosaur.......................................................................................................16 Figure 8: Drawing showing the location of the series of forts belonging to the Fort Circle Parks .................................17 Figure 9: Drawing of Fort Dupont.................................................................................................................................18 Figure 10: Geologic time scale.....................................................................................................................................29 Figure 11: Geologic time scale specific to Virginia-Maryland. ......................................................................................30 Figures 12–14: Geologic evolution of the Appalachian Mountains in the National Capital area.........................31,32,33 iv NPS Geologic Resources Division Executive Summary This report accompanies the digital geologic map for National Capital Parks–East, which the Geologic Resources Division produced in collaboration with its partners. It contains information relevant to resource management and scientific research. National Capital Parks–East provides a natural haven for The following features, issues, and processes have the urbanized Washington, D.C., area. This collection of geological importance and a high level of management parks lies within the Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic significance within the parks: province and contains a wedge- shaped sequence of mixed sedimentary rocks and deposits of Cretaceous to • Recreation Demands recent age. They include sandstones, clay beds, gravel deposits, and silts. They form part of a thick mantle of National Capital Parks–East provides a substantial, relatively young rock debris, alluvium, regolith, slope heavily visited
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