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90 Years of the Inter-American Commission ATLAS OF THE STRUGGLES OF WOMEN 1928 - 2018 90 YEARS OF THE INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION OF WOMEN A path of struggles, achievements, and challenges ATLAS OF THE STRUGGLES OF WOMEN- 90 YEARS CIM CIM DIRECTORY Carmen Moreno Toscano Executive Secretary Luz Patricia Mejía Technical Secretary MESECVI Hilary Anderson Senior Specialist Yasmin Solitahe Odlum Specialist Beatriz Piñeres Specialist Eva Villarreal Specialist Marta Martínez Specialist Violeta Colmán Specialist Javiera Sandoval Specialist Leonardo López Finance Officer María Eugenia Villavicencio Administrative Assistant CREDITS CONCEPT: CIM EXECUTION: CasaTres RESEARCH: Elba Martínez Vargas; Maryuri González; Moisés Durán; Carmen Schmidt; Liseth Vega DESIGN: María Eugenia González PHOTOGRAPHY: Maureen Riveros GENERAL COORDINATION: Elba Martínez Vargas (2018) ATLAS OF THE STRUGGLES OF WOMEN- 90 YEARS CIM Index CIM Directory / Credits 3 PRESENTATION: 90 years of the CIM “A path of struggles, achievements, and challenges” 5 7 TOGETHER WE WILL GET THERE 8 LEGISLATION -Members of the OAS 10 -Convention of Belém do Pará 11 * Convention text 17 * Signatory countries 18 -Countries with laws that classify femicide/feminicide as a crime 25 -Laws or public policies against discrimination 28 HISTORY 31 “90 years without stopping: The most important moments 32 All the times the cim has blazed the trail 43 PRESIDENTS OF THE CIM 47 TOGETHER WE CAN DO IT 57 *Types of violence 58 *Concepts 61 *Emerging issues 64 *The CIM’s major challenge 68 *Threats 70 *Organizations 72 AN ISSUE THAT CONCERNS US ALL 77 -Significant data. 78 ATLAS OF THE STRUGGLES OF WOMEN- 90 YEARS CIM Presentation A PATH OF STRUGGLES, ACHIEVEMENTS, AND CHALLENGES The Atlas of the Struggles of Women commemorates the Inter-American Commission of Women’s 90 years of fighting for women’s rights and pays tribute to all the women of the Americas. Illustrated with infographics and photos that accessibly and dynamically present the struggles, achievements, challenges, and threats that have shaped the history of women in the hemisphere. The Atlas also immerses us in updated figures and current legislation. It will introduce us to all the women who have served as president of the CIM in these 90 years, and will facilitate access to a wide range of organizations that work to prevent and eradicate violence against women. ATLAS OF THE STRUGGLES OF WOMEN- 90 YEARS CIM 5 This is a tool that facilitates a first approach to legislation, history, concepts, data and relevant issues related to the prevention, punishment and eradication of violence against women in the Americas. It is a material of general diffusion, an introduction for those who want to start in the knowledge of gender issues, accessible to all, written in simple and comfortable language. And it is also a box of basic cards that compiles and summarizes the unavoidable issues and most relevant issues and that can be used in many different ways by specialists, professors or journalists. ATLAS OF THE STRUGGLES OF WOMEN- 90 YEARS CIM 6 TOGETHER WE WILL GET THERE Learn about regional legislation and the history and presidents of the CIM. 7 Together we will get there LEGISLATION ATLAS OF THE STRUGGLES OF WOMEN- 90 YEARS CIM 8 Together we will get there LEGISLATION MEMBERS OF THE OAS SIGNATORY COUNTRIES CONVENTION OF BELÉM DO PARÁ COUNTRIES WITH LAWS THAT CLASSIFY FEMICIDE/FEMINICIDE AS A CRIME EXISTENCE OF LAWS AND/OR PUBLIC POLICIES DESIGNED TO PREVENT AND ERADICATE CULTURAL OR DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES AND BEHAVIORS BASED ON THE SUBORDINATION OR INFERIORITY OF WOMEN. ATLAS OF THE STRUGGLES OF WOMEN- 90 YEARS CIM 9 Together we will get there LEGISLATION MEMBERS OF THE OAS ATLAS OF THE STRUGGLES OF WOMEN- 90 YEARS CIM 10 Together we will get there LEGISLATION / Convention of Belém do Pará CONVENTION OF BELÉM DO PARÁ The Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women, known as the Convention of Belém do Pará, signed in Brazil in 1994, establishes the right of women to live violence-free lives, emphasizing that violence is a violation of women’s human rights and fundamental freedoms. ATLAS OF THE STRUGGLES OF WOMEN- 90 YEARS CIM 11 Together we will get there LEGISLATION / Convention of Belém do Pará Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará)) PREAMBLE THE STATES PARTIES TO THIS CONVENTION, RECOGNIZING that full respect for human rights has been enshrined in the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and reaffirmed in other international and regional instruments; AFFIRMING that violence against women constitutes a violation of their human rights and fundamental freedoms, and impairs or nullifies the observance, enjoyment and exercise of such rights and freedoms; CONCERNED that violence against women is an offense against human dignity and a manifestation of the historically unequal power relations between women and men; RECALLING the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, adopted by the Twenty- fifth Assembly of Delegates of the Inter-American Commission of Women, and affirming that violence against women pervades every sector of society regardless of class, race or ethnic group, income, culture, leve of education, age or religion and strikes at its very foundations; CONVINCED that the elimination of violence against women is essential for their individual and social development and their full and equal participation in all walks of life; and CONVINCED that the adoption of a convention on the prevention, punishment and eradication of all forms of violence against women within the framework of the Organization of American States is a positive contribution to protecting the rights of women and eliminating violence against them, HAVE AGREED to the following: CHAPTER I DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION Article 1 For the purposes of this Convention, violence against women shall be understood as any act or conduct, based on gender, which causes death or physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women,whether in the public or the private sphere. Article 2 Violence against women shall be understood to include physical, sexual and psychological violence: a. that occurs within the family or domestic unit or within any other interpersonal relationship, whether or not the perpetrator shares or has shared the same residence with the woman, including, among others, rape, battery and sexual abuse; b. that occurs in the community and is perpetrated by any person, including, among others, rape, sexual abuse, torture, trafficking in persons, forced prostitution, kidnapping and sexual harassment in the workplace, as well as in educational institutions, health facilities or any other place; and c. that is perpetrated or condoned by the state or its agents regardless of where it occurs. ATLAS OF THE STRUGGLES OF WOMEN- 90 YEARS CIM 12 Together we will get there LEGISLATION / Convention of Belém do Pará CHAPTER II RIGHTS PROTECTED Article 3 Every woman has the right to be free from violence in both the public and private spheres. Article 4 Every woman has the right to the recognition, enjoyment, exercise and protection of all human rights and freedoms embodied in regional and international human rights instruments. These rights include, among others: a. The right to have her life respected; b. The right to have her physical, mental and moral integrity respected; c. The right to personal liberty and security; d. The right not to be subjected to torture;e. The right to have the inherent dignity of her person respected and her family protected; f. The right to equal protection before the law and of the law; g. The right to simple and prompt recourse to a competent court for protection against acts that violate her rights; h. The right to associate freely; i. The right of freedom to profess her religion and beliefs within the law; and j. The right to have equal access to the public service of her country and to take part in the conduct of public affairs, including decision-making. Article 5 Every woman is entitled to the free and full exercise of her civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, and may rely on the full protection of those rights as embodied in regional and international instruments on human rights. The States Parties recognize that violence against women prevents and nullifies the exercise of these rights. Article 6 The right of every woman to be free from violence includes, among others: a. The right of women to be free from all forms of discrimination; and b. The right of women to be valued and educated free of stereotyped patterns of behavior and social and cultural practices based on concepts of inferiority or subordination. CHAPTER III DUTIES OF THE STATES Article 7 The States Parties condemn all forms of violence against women and agree to pursue, by all appropriate means and without delay, policies to prevent, punish and eradicate such violence and undertake to: a. refrain from engaging in any act or practice of violence against women and to ensure that their authorities, officials, personnel, agents, and institutions act in conformity with this obligation; b. apply due diligence to prevent, investigate and impose penalties for violence against women; c. include in their domestic legislation penal, civil, administrative and any other type of provisions that may be needed to prevent, punish and eradicate violence against women and to adopt appropriate administrative measures where necessary; d. adopt legal measures to require the perpetrator to refrain from harassing, intimidating or threatening the woman or using any method that harms or endangers her life or integrity, or damages her property; e. take all appropriate measures, including legislative measures, to amend or repeal existing laws and regulations or to modify legal or customary practices which sustain the persistence and tolerance of violence against women; f.
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