Violins of Hope
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Violins of Hope LIVE AT KOHL MANSION 1 VIOLINS OF HOPE Franz Schubert (1797-1828) Live at Kohl Mansion 8 “Quartettsatz” in C Minor, D 703 (1820) 8. 15 Jake Heggie (b. 1961) Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1809-1847) on texts by Gene Scheer (b. 1958) String Quartet No. 6 in F Minor, Op. 80 (1847) INTONATIONS: Songs from the Violins of Hope (2020) 9 Allegro vivace assai 7. 37 (world-premiere recording) 10 Allegro assai 4. 59 1 Ashes 5. 09 11 Adagio 7. 56 2 Exile 4. 20 12 Finale. Allegro molto 5. 51 3 Concert 6. 35 4 Motele 5. 37 Kay Stern, first violin 5 Feivel 6. 45 Dawn Harms, second violin 6 Lament 5.35 Patricia Helller, viola 7 Liberation 5. 58 Emil Miland, cello Sasha Cooke, mezzo-soprano Total playing time: 75. 14 Daniel Hope, violin Kay Stern, first violin Dawn Harms, second violin Patricia Helller, viola Emil Miland, cello Sean Mori, violin Cover image: Marc Chagall, Blue Violinist (Violoniste bleu) (1947) THE VIOLINS OF HOPE A note about the violins played on this recording By James A. Grymes, PhD, author of Violins of Hope: Violins of the Holocaust VIOLINS OF HOPE is an artistic and educational project comprised of instruments that were owned by Jewish musicians before and during the Holocaust. Some of the instruments in the collection were safeguarded by their owners as they fled Nazi Germany. Others were played in the concentration camps and ghettos, providing a source of comfort for some and a means of survival for others. Regardless of the setting, the instruments represented strength and optimism for the future during mankind’s darkest hour. Wherever there was music, there was hope. Each of the instruments played in this recording has been refurbished by 6 father-and-son Israeli luthiers Amnon In this recording, Daniel Hope plays small privileges—earned only through their and Avshalom Weinstein, the founders a violin that was once played in the ability to make music—is what saved their of the Violins of Hope project. Although Auschwitz-Birkenau Men’s Camp lives. the instruments make beautiful museum Orchestra, perhaps in the “Concert” pieces, at the heart of the project is the that forms the subject of the third The violin played by Sean Mori was Weinsteins’ commitment to ensuring that movement of Intonations: Songs from once owned by Elsa Katzenstein (née the instruments are played again all over the Violins of Hope. There were several Koopman), who was an accomplished the world. Since 2008, the Violins of Hope ensembles throughout the sprawling violinist in Hamburg, Germany before the have traveled to Jerusalem, Sion, Madrid, complex that is collectively referred to Nazis came to power. She was a member Maastricht, Monaco, Rome, Berlin, as Auschwitz, including a large orchestra of the prominent GEDOK association of London, Bucharest, Dachau, Dresden, in the Auschwitz Main Camp, orchestras women artists until it disbanded in 1933, and Auschwitz. In the United States, the in the men’s and women’s camps of in response to the restrictions the Nazis project has been presented in Charlotte, Birkenau, and several other ensembles were imposing on artists. She was also Cleveland, Houston, Jacksonville, in the satellite camps. These ensembles a member of the prestigious musicians’ Sarasota, Washington, D.C, Cincinnati, were comprised of musicians who were guild known as the Reich Chamber of Nashville, Birmingham, Knoxville, Phoenix, recruited from the prisoner population and Music, but was expelled in 1935 when the Louisville, Fort Wayne, and San Francisco. required to perform as part of their forced Nuremberg Race Laws excluded Jews from As the project has continued to grow, labor. Day in and day out, the German professional life. In January 1939, just a the collection has expanded to include marches and schmaltzy tunes they few weeks after Kristallnacht, Elsa and almost ninety instruments. While some played formed a macabre counterpoint her husband Paul put their eleven-year- of the musicians who once played these to the brutal realities of life in Auschwitz. old daughter Ruth on a Kindertransport instruments may have been silenced by As rewards for their membership in the to Antwerp, Belgium. There, a Christian the Holocaust, their voices and spirits live orchestra, the musicians sometimes family cared for her until that summer, on through the Violins of Hope project. received benefits such as additional food when Ruth was reunited with her parents and lighter work details. For some, these and her older brother Paul as they Auschwitz violin played by Daniel Hope 7 © Avshalom Weinstein 8 immigrated to America. The Katzensteins sold most of their possessions to pay for their journey, but safeguarded this instrument as a beloved possession that they brought with them to New York. Second violinist Dawn Harms recorded this album on a violin that was once owned by Erich Weininger, an amateur violinist from Vienna whose story is told in the second movement of Intonations. Erich was imprisoned in Dachau, where he risked his life playing in a clandestine orchestra. He was later transferred to Buchenwald, and was released in 1939. He fled Nazi Germany with his violin, becoming one of the last Jews to escape the Holocaust. Erich and 1,200 other Jewish refugees crammed onto the S.S. Atlantic, which ran out of coal en route to Palestine. The refugees stripped the boat of any wooden objects that could be burned for fuel. Erich made it to Palestine, where the British Mandate arrested him as an illegal immigrant and sent him and his fellow Jewish exiles to a Erich Weininger (standing at the far left) 9 and fellow prisoner musicians on Mauritius10 prison on the island of Mauritius. During this recording was made by the eighteenth- his captivity, Erich once again entertained century German violinmaker Benedict his fellow prisoners by playing the violin Wagner. Even though the violinmaker was that had accompanied him throughout his not related to the famously anti-Semitic odyssey. composer Richard Wagner, its owner wanted nothing to do with the instrument The remaining instruments played in ever again. He brought it to Amnon’s this recording came to Israel in the late father Moshe Weinstein, a violin repairman 1930s. That was when virtuoso violinist and dealer in Tel Aviv. Unsellable in Israel, Bronisław Huberman rescued their the Wagner Violin and the German-made Jewish owners from Nazi persecution by viola and cello on this recording remained bringing them to Palestine, to establish in Moshe’s workshop until they were passed the ensemble now known as the Israel to Amnon. In the 1990s, Amnon became Philharmonic Orchestra. By helping not interested in the quality and craftsmanship only the musicians but also their family of these German instruments. He even members leave Europe, Huberman saved gave a lecture on them at a conference an estimated one thousand lives. Many of in Dresden for the Association of German the musicians whom Huberman recruited Violin- and Bow-Makers. The success of brought top-quality, German-made the presentation and Amnon’s insatiable instruments with them to Palestine. After curiosity inspired him to begin searching the war, when they learned the full extent for other violins with connections to the of the atrocities that the Germans had Holocaust. This was the very start of the committed during the Holocaust, they Violins of Hope project. refused to play on those instruments any Back row (from left to right): Dawn Harms, Emil Miland, Sean Mori, Sasha Cooke, Patricia Kristof longer. The violin that Kay Stern plays on Moy, Daniel Hope, Patricia Heller, Kay Stern Front row (from left to right): Steve Barnett, Preston Smith, James A. Grymes, Amnon Weinstein, 11 Avshalom Weinstein, Gene Scheer, Jake Heggie 12 INTONATIONS: Songs from the dramatic song cycle with a solo singer as was just another piece of wood to feed he could make a living with music. Feivel Violins of Hope the spirit and soul of the violins. The cycle the flames. went on to save many people, generations Note by Jake Heggie & Gene Scheer would also feature a solo violinist, a quartet that thrive thanks to the kindness of that of the original instruments – and a young “Concert” tells the harrowing story of old man, his violin and the music of hope. In February of 2017, Patricia Kristof Moy violinist to represent the future. Each song Henry Meyer when he was ordered to (director of the Music at Kohl Mansion would intone a story from the perspective play a concert in the gas chamber where “Lament” is a solo movement for string chamber music series) reached out to tell of the violin itself. This way, we could use family and friends were murdered every quartet. Here, the instruments intone a us about the Violins of Hope. She wanted to music and words to explore the physical and day. To survive, he apologizes to the violin song without words. bring the Violins to the West Coast in 2020 emotional journeys of the instruments. and plays a waltz while an undertow of for an extensive San Francisco Bay Area emotion pulls him down. “Liberation” was inspired by Paula residency with orchestras, chamber groups, “Ashes” is told from the perspective of Lebovic’s recollection of the Liberation of schools, community centers, religious one of the first violins Amnon Weinstein “Motele” tells the story of 12-year old Auschwitz on January 27, 1945. organizations and more. As part of this restored. When he removed the case, he Motele Schlein, a child prodigy with a major event, she invited us to create a new discovered it was filled with human ashes. promising career cut short.