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Why the Civil War Happened

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Why the Civil War Happened 10/11/2018 Why the Civil War Happened And What We Can Learn From It Day 3 WHAT WE’LL COVER ▪Day One: Setting the stage: - the late 1790s through the 1830s or so ▪Day Two: 1840 through mid-1850s ▪Day Three: Late 1850s-spring of 1861 Karen McPherson Fall 2018 89 DRED SCOTT DECISION -- 1857 •Dred Scott : slave of an Army surgeon •Taken from Missouri to Illinois and Minnesota and back to Missouri •Sued for his freedom Karen McPherson Fall 2018 90 1 10/11/2018 DRED SCOTT DECISION -- 1857 • Supreme Court ruled • Scott was not a citizen, had no right to sue • Congress had never had the right to prohibit slavery anywhere • Therefore, Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional Karen McPherson Fall 2018 91 Lincoln-Douglas Debate -- 1858 Karen McPherson Fall 2018 92 LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES -- 1858 • Stephen A. Douglas (Dem) and Abraham Lincoln (Rep) were vying for an Illinois Senate Seat • 7 debates • Main issue – expansion of slavery • Douglas believed in “Popular Sovereignty” • Lincoln believed slavery should not be expanded • Neither of them was an abolitionist Karen McPherson Fall 2018 93 2 10/11/2018 Locations of Lincoln- Douglas Debates 1858 Karen McPherson Fall 2018 94 Fifth Debate, October 7, 1858, Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois Karen McPherson Fall 2018 95 John Brown’s Raid -- 1859 Karen McPherson Fall 2018 96 3 10/11/2018 Karen McPherson Fall 2018 97 JOHN BROWN’S RAID -- 1859 Consequences: • Northerners admired his zeal and courage • “Instant Martyr” • South was shocked and Karen McPherson Fall 2018 outraged 98 ELECTION OF 1860 Party Republican S. Democratic Const. Union N. Democratic Nominee Abraham John C. John Bell Stephen A. Lincoln Breckenridge Douglas Home State Illinois Kentucky Tennessee Illinois Running Mate Hannibal Joseph Lane Edward Herschel V. Hamlin Everett Johnson Electoral Vote 180 72 39 12 States Carried 11 11 3 1 Popular Vote 1,865,908 848,019 590,901 1,380,202 Karen McPherson PercentageFall 2018 39.8% 18.1% 12.6% 29.5% 99 4 10/11/2018 Karen McPherson Fall 2018 100 Lincoln Wins – And the Rest is . History Before Lincoln is Inaugurated on March 4, 1861– • Southern States secede, beginning with South Carolina in December, 1860 • Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas all left the Union by February 1 Karen McPherson Fall 2018 101 Lincoln Wins – And the Rest is . History • On February 4, delegates from all these states except Texas met in Montgomery, Alabama • February 18, Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as President of the Confederate States of America. • March 21, Alexander Stephens is chosen VP; delivers “Cornerstone Speech” Karen McPherson Fall 2018 102 5 10/11/2018 Union States States that seceded before Ft. Sumter States that seceded after Ft. Sumter Slave states that did not secede Karen McPherson Fall 2018 103 THE RESULT IS WAR 50 major battles, 5000 minor battles • Troops: North - 2,128,94 South – 1,082,119 • Casualties: (deaths through battle and disease; wounded; prisoners of war) North – 642,000 South – 482,000 Karen McPherson Fall 2018 105 HOW WERE CRISES DEALT WITH BEFORE THE 1850S? ▪ Expansion into new land? Confederation Congress ▪ Alien and Sedition Acts? Eventually, Supreme Court ▪ 1815 Secession Crisis? Within Party System ▪ 1819 – Balance between Slave & Free States? Congress Karen McPherson Fall 2018 106 6 10/11/2018 HOW WERE CRISES DEALT WITH BEFORE THE 1850S? ▪ 1828-1833 – Tariff Battle and Nullification Crisis? President/Congress ▪ 1840s westward expansion issues? President/Congress ▪ Mexican Session territorial issues? Congress Karen McPherson Fall 2018 107 WHY WAS IT DIFFERENT AFTER 1850? ▪Institutions of Government broke down: ▪ Presidents, Congress (Senate), States, Political Parties, Courts ▪The “Great Triumvirate,” involved in every compromise between 1810 and 1850, was gone by 1852. Karen McPherson Fall 2018 108 WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM THIS? ? ? ? ? ? Karen McPherson Fall ? 109 2018 7 10/11/2018 WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM THIS? ▪The breakdown of the institutions intended to help society respond to economic change can lead to violent conflict BUT ▪Sometimes it might be better to rip off the scab 8.
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