NEWSLETTER y. .< ,/*, " yiiX w i Homebrew Computer Club V ol. 3/Issue 1, January 18, 1978

Surveyby Robert Reiling

It was survey tim e again at the meeting January 4, 1978. Attendance was 175 people with CPU TYPE NUMBER SYSTEMS OPERATING about 10 percent of the individuals attending for the first time. The group decided a survey should betaken and forthwith 8080 68 Lee Felsenstein, club meeting moderator, went into action. 8008 4 This list is the result. 6800 12 6502 28 Seventeen people reported they had no operating system. F8 5 Z80 31 A similar survey conducted one year ago with 240 people LSI II 5 attending the meeting revealed 182 systems in operation. 1802 5 9900 2 Although not part of the survey results the development of 6100 2 users groups has been noted during 1977. At the beginning of SC/MP 2 the year the 6800 group was holding regular meetings. At the PACE 1 end of 1977 the groups include not only the 6800 but the F8 8085 1 Users, North Star Users Group, SOL Users Society, and PET OTHERS 6 Users. The IEEE has set up a standards group to sort out the T O T A L 172 various hardware and software standards. It would seem that there is something for everybody in the micro computer world.»

Second West Coast

Homebrew Computer Club Computer Faireby Robert Reiling 1978 Meeting Schedule Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Auditorium D on't forget the Faire to be held in San Jose March 3-5, 1978. It will be in the just completed San Jose Convention Jan. 4 Jun. 14 Center. Yes, the Faire has moved right into "Silicon Valley" Feb. 22 Aug. 9 and you can be assured of another outstanding seminar and Mar. 8 Sept. 13 exhibit program. Details of the Faire will be in the Silicon Apr. 12 Oct. 11 Gulch Gazette which will be distributed in huge quantities May 10 Nov. 8 during the next several weeks. Additional meetings at other locations may be held. Watch theNEWSLETTER for announce­ I will arrange with the Computer Faire organization do dis­ ments. A ll dates are subject to change or cancel­ tribute copies of the Gazette to everyone on the Homebrew lation. If a change does occur, advance notice Computer Club mailing list. Keep any address changes up to will be published in theNEWSLETTER if time date to assure receiving the latest Faire news. permits. •

Plan to attend the seminars, talk to the exhibitors fo r the latest product news, attend the banquets on Friday and Saturday night, and get acquainted w ith San Jose. •

1 Random Bits by Lichen Wang

When I coded WSFN (which stands for nothing, to be The constant "2DH" in the exclusive or instruction should published in DDJ), I was in need of a pseudo-random bit also be changed to "1BH" or "OAFH" respectively. This con­ generator. I looked up in Donald E. Knuth's book,The A rt stant must be the coefficients of a primitive polynomial of Computer Programming, and sure enough, there is one in modulo 2 to ensure the longest possible periods (2**24-1 and volume II, page 28. In 8080/Z80 code, it looks like this: 2**32-1, respectively). E.J. Watson published a table of prim­ SEED: DS 2 ; This must be in RAM and itive polynomials modulo 2 of order 1 through 100 in not zero Mathematics of Computation V.16, page 368. The constants RNDB: PUSH H ; Here on can be in ROM "2DH," "1 BH," and "OAFH" are all from this table. LHLD SEED ; A 2 byte number DAD H ; Shift left one bit I made some simple statistical tests on the 2 byter, the MOVA,L results are quite satisfactory. I have not tried the 3 and 4 JNC CQ1 ; Jump if high bit was originally 0 byters. XRI 2DH ; Otherwise adjust number MOV L,A To make the subroutine more unpredictable, I put a CALL CQ1 : SHLDSEED ; Save it for next time around RNDB in the loop that waits for the user to type a key on the POP H keyboard. Another way of doing this in a Z80 is to use the ANI 1 ; Single out the b it and set flags refresh register. Change the last part o f the subroutine to: RET CQ1: SHLD SEED ; Save it for next time around This subroutine returns a 0 or a 1 in A register. The flags POP H are set according to A, and other registers are not changed. MOV A,R ; Refresh register The bit sequence generated by this subroutine repeats in a XOR L period of length 2**16-1=65535. If longer period is needed, AN I 1 ; Single out the bit and set flags one should use 3 or 4 byte SEED and 3 or 4 byte shifts instead. RET

Some Random Thoughts on Awardsby Ben Chmark

And now the Wayne Green Award. Signs go up telling The Homebrew Club members might be just the unbiased audience to applaud. Huge TV cranes move in fo r the close up group the w orld has been awaiting to entrust w ith making a shots fo r all three networks. Wayne pushes micro-skirted cutie truly coveted award. A ballot might be inserted within the through curtains. Out pops cutie with huge award looking newsletter and a home computer could be used to tally. something like an Oscar only fashioned after another likeness. Might end up something like a Hollywood award with huge Of course Kilobaud would never come up with such a throngs and rambling speeches. " I t would not have been scheme, where is this fantasy coming from Ben Chmark asks possible for me to invent this gizmo to fit inexpensively on himself. "Here is your chip, it will be twenty dollars," says a your whazit if not for the love, care, devotion of my mother, very nice lady. Of course, Chmark you schmuck, this is Elmar sister and dog . . . no not the dog — to be honest he almost and you are sitting in the lobby. ate the project and certainly didn't help it when he dragged the prototype downstairs and buried it in the backyard." You have been waiting fo r the very latest in high technology and your eyes and mind have wandered. To the le ft is a So if necessity giveth birth to standardization committees beautiful hand-carved number one, while straight ahead stand then the same might indeed hold for awards. Or they might a covey of cups and trophies. Behind your back is perhaps the fall into the hands of others with a flair for publicity. If we cleverest, a tree-like metal wall sculpture award by Sprague. default, others are sure to pick up on this awards thing — These are commercial awards and say such things as "thanks no threat just fact. fo r selling a lot of XYZ's because it sure makes you number one with us." Chmark wonders why awards in the field of Awards can be nice and bring people together. We aren't home computers have not been started by an impartial agency the Nobel prize committee but still an inspiring award is as he departs Elmar. possible. A good example, which shows that awards can be human, is the Nebula Science Fiction Award. Quoting from Home computers are new te rrito ry, we have no awards. the anthology which funds this award, "The anthology

Robert Reiling...... Editor-in-Chief The NEWSLETTER is published regularly by the Joel M iller...... Managing Editor Homebrew Computer Club. Brent Sack Graphics P.O. Box 626, Mountain View, CA 94042

2 project, first as small as a man's hand, rapidly grew into an ising new project or idea, best low cost project, best new annual ballot of SFWA's (Science Fiction Wirters of America) software, best new language, most innovative breakthrough, members to choose the best stories, an annual series o f Nebula and special one time awards for specific contributions. Awards, and an annual Awards Banquet. In the process, we lost sight of the original objective — we've spent all our One thing is for sure, a lot of people have worked very hard advance royalties and more on the trophies. to bring this new field together. Their inspiring work and enthusiasm are contagious. These selfless individuals should "We are proud of these trophies. They were designed by have praises heaped upon them . A ll rewards should not come Judith Ann Lawrence, James Blish's wife, from a sketch by from the dollars of the marketplace. Perhaps the staff of this my wife, Kate Wilhelm. Each consists of a spiral nebula made newsletter after voting themselves an award could select of metallic glitter, and a specimen of rock crystal, both categories and a ballot format and bring this thing off quite embedded in a block of clear Lucite. They are strikingly nicely. Or the idea might be handed over to a committee, in beautiful, hand-made, and costly. which case my great grandchildren might grow up to receive the very first awards. Or perhaps there is another way? • "M any of us regretted that several previous attempts to found an organization of professional science fiction writers came to nothing." Editor's Note: Please send suggestions for awards to the News­ letter, P.O. Box 626, Mountain View, CA 94042. We could Categories for a home computer award. Who knows? Try: make the first awards at the West Coast Computer Faire in best magazine article of the year, best new book, most prom­ San Jose March 3 -5 , 1978.

NIM Monitor for 6502by Greg Dolkas

Here is a program I wrote for the 6502. I would be happy separated by spaces. As many lines are printed as needed to to donate it to the Homebrew Library. All this stuff is in the complete the range given. Because the output form at o f the public domain. print command is exactly compatible with the way data is entered any paper tape made via the p rin t command can be Those of us w ith MCS 6502 / TIM systems have a lo t to be read in at a later date. They can also be edited or generated proud of. The 6502 is a fast chip (approx. 2x that of the off-line without having to compute checksums. Entering a 8080) and has a lot of very powerful addressing modes. Pro­ carriage return echos a line feed and clears the current data. grams are generally shorter, easier to w rite, and faster in exe­ Line feeds are ignored. Any illegal command generates an cution. And there is TIM, that always present monitor with "error" message (a question mark). breakpoints, I/O routines, interrupt timers, hex load & dump, etc. Its editing routines, however, are the pits. You can only The listing supplied here was hand assembled and typed look at or m odify 8 bytes at a time. There is no back-space into the word processing system at work, so if it doesn't look capability. To begin execution of a program you have to print like standard assembly code, that's why. The addresses along all of the registers to m odify the start address. (Most programs the left margin are relative to the origin of the program. d o n 't care how the registers are set when started.) To make things worse, once you have a hex tape of something, there is Those with KIM systems may be able to use NIM by patch­ no easy way to look back at what is there. Preparing hex tapes ing the TIM links with those for KIM. I haven't tried it, but off-line is almost impossible. it should work. •

So, to make things a bit easier, I have w ritten this little ***************************************************** * * monitor, NIM ("Nice Interactive Monitor") for the 6502 / * NIM *

TIM system. It has been written exclusively with relative * ñ NICE INTERACTIVE MONITOR FOR THE 6502 * branches so that you can load it anywhere in the system, even * REQUIRES TIM AT 7000 MAV BE LOCATED * * ANYWHERE IN RAM OR ROM - NO R E LO C A T IO N NEEDED * in ROM. The idea fo r the command syntax fo r NIM came * REV. 1. 1 7 / 2 1 / 77 BY GREG DOLKAS * * * from the X D T m onitor on an Intel 4004 system I used back * ALL COMMANDS ARE A SINGLE CHARACTER AND ARE * * EXECUTED WHEN TYPED. ALL NUMBERS ENTERED ARE * in college. * TAKEN AS HEXADECIMAL. ALL COMMANDS OPERATE ON * * TWO INTERNAL VALUES: THE CURRENT ADDRESS, AND * * THE CURRENT DATA. HEX DIGITS ARE SHIFTED INTO * * THE CURRENT DATA AS ENTERED, SAVING ONLY THE MOST * There are four commands implemented (so far). Internally + RECENT 4 D IG IT S . I F A WRONG D IG IT IS ENTERED I T * there are two pointers, the current address and the current * MAY BE ERASED BY RE-ENTERING THE NUMBER SO AS TO * * SHIFT THE INCORRECT NUMBER OFF THE DEEP END. * data. Both are 16 bit integers. As hex digits are entered from * COMMANDS: COMMA SET C. ADDR = C. DATA * * SPACE STORE LAST 8 BITS OF C. DATA + the keyboard they are shifted into the current data. Typos are * AT C. ADDR, AND INC. C. ADDR * * P PRINT FROM C. ADDR TO C. DATA * corrected by re-entering the number to shift the bad digit(s) * PRINTING IS 8 BYTES/LINE, HEX * * G BEGIN EXECUTION AT C. DATA * o ff the end. Each of the commands is a single character. A * EXAMPLES : * comma sets the current address to whatever is in the current + 100,200P PRINTS FROM $100 TO $200 * * 1FE,4C C7 STORES 4C AT 1FE, C7 AT IFF * data. A space stores the lower byte of the current data in * ~ ~ SPACES HERE * * 1000G BEGIN EXECUTION AT $1000 * memory at the current address, and then increments the * * * ALL OUTPUT GENERATED BY 'P' COMMAND MAY BE + current address by one and clears the current data. The letter * RE-LOADED AS IS INTO NIM. OUTPUT IS THUS BOTH * * MACHINE AND HUMAN READABLE. * "G " (for "G O ") does a jump to wherever the current data ***************************************************** points. The letter "P" prints out memory from the current address to the current data. Each line of p rin t consists of the starting address o f that line, a comma, and then eight bytes Cont. Pjj. 6

3 Futuredata Introduces New the BASIC program. The Debugger allows the Futuredata BASIC has the option of out- user to set and clear breakpoints with BASIC putting an assembly language source code of Universal BASIC Compiler statement numbers and to display variables in the compiled program to an editor file. Each For 8080, 8085, 6800 and Z-80memory using the BASIC variable name. BASIC statement becomes a comment in the assembly listing. The compiled assembly December 31,1977, Los Angeles, California— instructions follow the BASIC statement. This Futuredata C om puter C orp ora tion has allows the user to optimize sections of the announced the availability of a Universal program by directly editing the assembly BASIC Compiler, a high level language that can language after compilation. be compiled to run on 8080, 8085, 6800 and The Futuredata Universal Compiler is Z-80 microprocessors. especially well suited for developing programs In addition to being the first truly universal for real-time process control and test equip­ compiler, the Futuredata BASIC Compiler ment. The Compilers run in systems with at includes a high level debugger that allows pro­ least 32K bytes of memory and are available gram debugging without dealing directly with for any of Futuredata's disk-based MICRO­ assembly language. SYSTEMS - the MIC ROSYSTEM/20 with dual The new software package allows the 5" minifloppy disks, the MICROSYSTEM/30 product design engineer to take full advantage with dual 8" floppy disks, or the MICRO­ of Futuredata's Universal Microcomputer SYSTEM/32 with dual 8" double-sided, double­ Product Development Systems. Programs density floppy disk. Each MICROSYSTEM written in BASIC can be compiled for any of comes complete with an 8080, 8085, 6800 or the processors. The Compiler eliminates the Z-80 processor, a 960 character CRT-display, 6*6? ty ttfif need to rewrite programs when switching from a 53-key ASCII keyboard, memory peripherals, one microprocessor to another. As new full operating software and a full set of manuals. processors are added, new versions of the Price: Universal BASIC Compilers — $300 compiler will be generated to support them. each. Availability: stock to 30 days. Manufac­ All standard BASIC statements are included turer: Futuredata Computer Corporation, plus string variables, array variables, bit 11205 So. La Cienega Blvd., Los Angeles, CA functions, PEEK, POKE, INP and OUT 90045. TW X: 910-328-7202. Telephone: (213) functions. The user is also permitted to inter­ 641-7700. Sales contact. R. Schaaf, Director mix assembly language instructions directly in of Marketing.

Addison-Wesley's Joy of Computing course in BASIC, chapters one through five John M. Nevison is a senior partner at Series launched with three make a one-semester course in BASIC, followed John M. Nevison Associates, a consulting firm by a second semester using the applications in specializing in executive computing strategies. new books chapters six through ten. In essence, chapters C axton C. Foster has w ritte n a "h o w to " Personal computing is here: at home, in one through ten offer all you ever wanted tobook for programming the KIM-1, a $250. school, in the office, almost anywhere you know about BASIC. microcomputer.Programming a Microcomputer want to compute. That is why Addison-Wesley Both Thomas A. Dwyer and Margot Critch­ - 6502 (Addison-Wesley, 1978, $9.95, 256 pp.) has developed the Joy of Computing Series; a field are members of the Computer Science assumes no knowledge of computers, on the collection of books devoted to the personal Department staff at the University of ability to read and the desire to program. The computing market. (The following books willPittsburgh. book demonstrates, using the 6502 chip not be available until 1978; the first title in Another book devoted to anyone who incorporated into the KIM-1 computer module, February; the last two in January. wishes to write better BASIC programs is how easy programming a computer can be. Thomas A. Dwyer and Margot Critchfield John M. Nevison'sThe Little Book of BASIC Each chapter involves a "laboratory" experi­ have written BASIC and the Style: How To Write a Program You Can Read ment for the reader to perform. The (Addison-Wesley, 1978, $12.95, 350 pp.) to get (Addison-Wesley, 1978, $5.95; 160 pp.). experiments are "self-correcting," since the your thinking about personal computing,Nevison's book offers rules of style that can reader must obtain a measurable result from writing programs, and expanding the use ofreduce time and practice necessary to turn out each experiment. The book can be used by the your computer. They do this with a presenta­ legible, correct programs. The concepts of hobbyist, the independent learner, or in a tra­ tion of BASIC and extended BASIC, by show­ problem-solving and structured programmingditional classroom setting in a technical school, ing the great diversity of applications possible are also woven into this book aimed at wiring community college, college, or university. on any microcomputer, and by sharing novelclear programs. To successfully use this book Caxton C. Foster is a professor at the ideas on computing. Versatility is a key feature the reader should have had about two hours of University of Massachusetts in Amherst in the of this book. Chapter two is a short, complete BASIC programming. Computer and Infbrmation Science Department.

MP-44 MINIPRINTER parallel o u tp u t w o rd , and senses tim in g signals on two input lines. A power supply of 40 volts San Diego—Electronic Product Associates, dc at one amp must be provided to the interface Inc., 1157 Vega Street, San Diego, CA 92110, board. 714-276-8911, announces the availability of the Low cost is achieved by using the micro­ ALL NEW MP-44 MINIPRINTER. It is a simple computer for software control of all writing and inexpensive 5 x 7 dot matrix printer for and timing functions. The software is explained microcomputer systems. Electrosensitive paper in a structured form which can be easily imple­ is used to make permanent copies at speeds up mented in any computer language, and examples to 88 characters per second with 44 characters of complete assembly language coding are pro­ per line. Software control allows expansion of vided for microcomputers using the 6800 and character size for emphasis. Black characters are the 8080 microprocessors. Coding for the 6800 printed on aluminized paper 6 centimeters allows the printer to be operated immediately (2 3/8ths inches) wide. from the EPA Micro-68 I/O bus. Cost of this An enclosure 4'A by 8% inches houses the MP-44 MINIPRINTER is only $257.00 and printer and paper supply mounted on an inter­ is available from stock. face board with all necessary components for For additional information please contact: connection to any microcomputer with TTL Chuck Bennett, Vice President Sales, EPA, logic levels. The microcomputer controls the 1157 Vega Street, San Diego, CA 92110, motor and print electrodes by an eight bit (714) 276-8911.

4 Computers and the Stock Market monthly or bi-monthly newsletter that allows LOW-CLOSE data and retrieval. Moving members to benefit from the combined talents, Averages, Momentum indexes, Advance/Decline techniques and experiences of the group. lines or any other technical indicators. This letter is to computer hobbyists who are The newsletter would be generated by the ADVERTISING: Offerings of books, pro­ interested in (or have experience) speculating inputs in of the members. I foresee, as a minimum, grams, systems or equipment fo r sale, loan or the Stock or Commodities Markets. If you arethe following types of services or technical swap. interested in the markets and computers, it'sarticles that would be includedin the letter: If making more money in the markets with only natural to combine the two hobbies in an T E C H N IC A L A R T IC L E S : The use of computers interests you, write to me and let me attempt. to maximize profits, or more moving averages; The application of successful know how you feel about a club as I have important, to minimize losses. It also seems systems w ith home computers; Basic articles ondescribed. that an information exchange program among the markets (How to get started in commodities a small group of dedicated people seeking with $2,000, The Dow Jones Industrial Richard T. Vannoy, LT, USN. speculative profits would offer several financial Averages, Trading in Warrants, Options and COMSUBRON SIXTEEN advantages to the members of the group. other forms of speculation). c/o FLEET POST OFFICE What I propose is a nationwide club with a PROGRAMMING: How to program: HIGH- New York, New York 09501

The Software Works, Inc.

The Software Works, Inc. has released Inventory-1, an interactive inventory control system for S-100 bus microcomputers. The system is designed to run on Shugart Mini- floppyTM drives, and provides three second access to any item in the inventory file. Unique "HELP” and "EXPLAIN" commands permit even first time users to quickly build and main­ tain a detailed inventory system. An integral part of Inventory-1 is a set of "skeleton" pro­ grams which can be used to implement special user defined commands. Using a "skeleton" program, it is possible to produce the software necessary to generate a special report in less than five minutes. Price is $99.95; delivery is 48 hours ARO. Inventory-1 is the first in a series of low cost program packages by The Software Works, Inc. Scheduled for release early in 1978 are Inventory-2 and Inventory-3. Both packages have file structures compatible with Inventory-1. Inventory-3 features multi-level bill of material explosions. Other soon to be released products from The Software Works, Inc. include Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable systems, an Income Tax package and a Personal Finances package which includes sophisticated float analysis of personal checking accounts. For further information contact: Ms. Mary M. Milewski, (408) 736-9438.

Jack Tar Hotel, San Francisco, February 28- music. The Future of Personal Computing March 2, 1978, will present a look at the Hopefully these discussions could help - A t COMPCOIM '78 phenomenon of personal computing. Fourshape the future of personal computing. Special panel sessions have been arranged with expertsexhibits will also be available for hands-on who will be discussing various aspects of thelearning: From 5:00 p.m. to 10:00 p'.m. Mon­ The personal computer industry is justcomputer revolution. These panel sessions startday through Wednesday, attendees will be able abut three years old; in fact, the first personalat 7:00 p.m. and cover topics such as Women'sto get first hand experience witha broad range computer was introduced in January, 1975, byContributions in Innovative Computer Applica­of equipment including speech synthesizers, MITS, Inc., Albuquerque, New Mexico. Subse­tions on Monday, Robotics and Bionics onvideo terminals, disc systems, code graphics, quently, an entirely new industry has appeared,Tuesday, Editors of Computer Magazines onand a wide range of microcomputer main incuding hardware manufacturers, softwareWednesday, and Computer Art and Music onframes and peripherals. The conference regis­ specialists, retail stores, trade publications and Thursday. Each session is arranged to provide trationa fee covers attendance at all Personal computer trade shows. Personal computers havebroad spectrum of end users with the oppor­Computing sessions and exhibits. There is a already had a profound impact on hobbyiststunity to hear about and discuss the latestregistration fee of five dollars for individuals and industrial users. With the development advances of in each of these areas. Panelistswishing to only attend the Personal Com­ new application software, microcomputers areinclude experts in computer-based bio-feedback,puting sessions and exhibits. rapidly being adapted for business, professionalmembers of teh U.S. Robotics Society, indi­ Organizers Alice Ahlgren, Marketing Man­ and educational uses. In just three years,viduals involved in educational applications ofager, . Inc., Mountain View, CA, personal computing has been placed within themicrocomputers, editors of most of the major(415) 964-7400; and Robert Albrecht, Author, reach of every consumer with as yet undeter­trade publications, representatives from severalDragon, and Friend of Children, Menlo Park, mined and possibly far reaching consequences.of the major manufacturers of microcomputerCA, (415) 323-6117, will be glad to supply With these points in mind, COMPCON ’78,equipment, and experts in computer art andmore information.

5 * * SET UP TIM LINKAGES

WRT EQU $72C6 RDT EQU $72E9 CRLF EQU $728A SPACEEQU $7377 WRTHEX EQU $72B1 * * SET UP PAGE ZERO STUFF

PTR EQU $E2 PTR1 EQU $EO PTR1A EQU $E1 PTR2 EQU $DE PTR2A EQU $DF

* RESTART ADDR = ORIGIN

0000 20 8A 72 NIM JSR CRLF START ON NEW LINE 0003 A9 4E LDA # " N WRITE NI M ' 0005 20 C6 72 JSR WRT 0008 A9 49 LDA #■' I 000A 20 C6 72 JSR WRT 000F 20 C6 72 JSR WRT 0012 20 8A 72 JSR CRLF 0015 A 9 00 LDA #0 RESET CURRENT ADDR TO ZERO 0017 85 E0 STA PTR1 0019 85 El STA PTR1A 001B A9 00 AGAIN LDA #0 RESET CURRENT DATA TO ZERO 001D 85 DE STA PTR2 001F 85 DF STA PTR2A 0021 20 E9 72 AGAIN1 JSR RDT GRAB NEXT CONSOLE CHARACTER 0024 C9 20 CMP #$20 SPACE? 0026 F0 44 BEQSTUFIT VES, STORE 0028 C9 2C CMP #•', COMMA? 002A F0 4F BEQSTADDR VES, SET ADDRESS 002C C9 47 CMP #"G GO? 002E D0 06 BNE ++6 NO 0030 20 8A 72 JSR CRLF VES, START FRESH LINE 0033 6C DE 00 JMP AND GET LOST 0036 C9 50 CMP #'P PRINT? 0038 F0 57 BEQ PRINT VES, PLEASE DO 003A C9 0A CMP #10 LINE FEED? 003C F 0 DD BEQAGAIN VES, RESET AND IGNORE 003E C9 0D CMP #13 CARRAIGE RETURN? 0040 F0 49 BEQNEWLIN VES, RETURN CARRAIGE 0042 C9 47 CMP #$47 VALID HEX NUMBER? 0044 B0 40 BCS ERROR NO 0046 C9 41 CMP #$41 LETTER? 0048 90 03 BCC SKP1 NO 004A 38 SEC 004B E9 07 SBC #7 VES, FUDGE ASCII CODE 004D 38 SKP1 SEC CONVERT TO BINARV NUMBER 004E E9 30 SBC #•"0 BV SUBTRACTING ASCII "O' 0050 29 0F AND #$0F QNLV WANT LAST 4 BITS 0052 85 E2 STA PTR SAVE FOR LATER 0054 H2 04 LDX #4 COUNTER FOR 4 X 16 BIT SHIFT 0056 A5 DE SHIFT LDA PTR2 LSB 0058 0H ASL 0059 85 DE STA PTR2 005B A5 DF LDA PTR2A 005D 2A ROL 005E 85 DF STA PTR2A 0060 CA DEX DECREMENT COUNTER 0061 D0 F3 BNE SHIFT IF NOT ZERO, SHIFT AGAIN 0063 A5 DE LDA PTR2 GRAB LSB 0065 05 E2 ORA PTR INSERT NEW DIGIT 0067 85 DE STA PTR2 0069 38 SEC 006A B0 B5 BCS AGAIN1 GO FOR NEXT COMMAND 006C A0 00 STUFIT LDV #0 006E A5 DE LDA PTR2 GET DATA TO STORE 0070 91 E0 STA , V GET-A-BVTE 00AB 20 B1 72 JSR WRTHEX DUMP-A-BVTE 00AE 20 77 73 JSRSPACE 00B1 A 5 El LDA PTR1A COMPARE CURRENT AND END ADDRESS 00B3 05 DF CMP PTR2A 00B5 90 0fl BCC M0RE1 CURRENT < END -> KEEP GOING 00B7 D0 D2 BNE NEWLIN CURRENT <> END -> DONE 00B9 R5 E0 LDA PTR1 00BB C5 DE CMP PTR2 LOW ORDER STUFF 00BD 90 02 BCC M0RE1 00BF B0 CA BCSNEWLIN 00C1 E6 E0 M0RE1 INC PTR1 00C3 D0 02 BNE SKIP3 INCREMENT CURRENT ADDR 00C5 E6 El INC PTR1A 00C7 C6 E2 INC PTR DONE WITH THIS LINE? 00C9 F0 C6 BEQ PRINT VES, NEW LINE 00CB D0 DA BNE FETCH NO, FETCH NEXT BVTE END

6 FOR SALE - IBM I/O Selectric with STRAWBERRY ELECTRONICS has Club Library — Gordon French, club complete IBM documentation package. moved to: 678 Main St., Redwood librarian, has lots of interesting material $395.00. Ira (408 ) 263-2252, City, CA 94063 (415) 595-0231. Has and is able to loan it to anyone with a 800 Charcot Avenue, San Jose, CA your computer lost its bits? Strawberry definite need, but . . . please adhere to 95131. Electronics is repairing microcom­ the following: puters. Strawberry Electronics also Lim it your telephone calls to the FOR SALE - (2) 8K Solid State Music does design of computer circuits. hours of 7 pm to 9 pm weekdays only. memory boards, 500 nsec., static, plus Hours 10 to 6 pm, closed Sunday and This is important. Gordon's phone spare IC's, all for $380. Color video M onday. number is (415) 325-4209 in Menlo recorder plus video camera and zoom- Park. Be specific with your request and lens plus extra video cassettes, all for Gordon can probably help you — he HOBBY COMPUTER KITS $400. Larry (415) 854-0346. cannot randomly review the contents ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, P.O. Box of the library for you. 212, Burlingame, CA 94010 (408) FOR SALE: Southwest Technical No reproductions will be made of 374-5984. Products 6800 computer system. KBD- any materials. 3, TVT-II with modulator, AC-30, 8K, All materials loaned must be interface cards, two recorders, soft­ FOR SALE: Tektronics 535A 'scope returned so they are available for others ware. B eautiful custom cases. Packaged with 53/54C dual-trace 20Mhz. plug-in to use in the future. for portability. $650.00. Anderson- and 2 new P60111:1 probes. Owned & Jacobsen 841 Selectronic Terminal. calibrated by Ampex (formerly) $750. IF YOU HAVE INPUT to the NEWS­ Correspondence code, RS-232 inter­ Rick at work: 829-2600 ext 269, at L E T T E R , send it in and it will be face, modem and coupler. Attractive home: 843-4188. published as quickly as possible. The case. $725.00. Daniel L. Wright, 280 editors cannot promise that everything P errym ont Ave., San Jose, C A 95125. sent-will be published. All manuscripts (408) 925-3367 days. ANNOUNCING POLY 88 USERS MUST be typed (doubled spaced) and G R O U P. Mailing address: Roger Lewis, carefully proofed. All listings and TARBELL CASSETTE INTERFACE 1477 Barrington, Suite 17, Los Angeles, diagrams must be as easy to read as WITH DUAL RECORDERS (Radio CA 90025. Purpose: to exchange soft­ possible. Shack w/counters, CTR-35). Both ware and reduce the cost of hardware. recorders separately on and off from Membership cost : $5 to cover the cost software. Nifty interface leaves both of the first 12 newsletters. Software THE NEWSLETTER is made possible available fo r audio use w ith no fuss. exchange policy : $2 duplicating and by y o u r donations. Please rem em ber Tapes. $190 or best offer. Guaranteed! shipping charge per software package, that we must pay for labels, postage, Pete Cornell (415) 948-8269. usually 1 program, but sometimes production and printing. Donations multiples of short programs, when can be given to Ray Boaz or Bob Reiling FOR SALE - IMSAI 8080 KIT with copied onto a member furnished at the club meetings or sent to P. O. Box 22 card mother board. New in box. cassette (or diskette?). $4 for above 626, Mt. View, CA 94042. $545. Assembled & tested new IMSAI if tape is furnished by users group. 4K RAM board with battery back up $2 credit for each software package and memory write protection circuit. accepted for sharing with the users GET THE NEWSLETTER! Anyone in­ $120. New 16K RAM KIT $350. Kim group (Earliest postm ark in case of terested in computers as a hobby may 408-996-0537. Call evenings. duplicates). Acceptable software will receive the NEWSLETTER by sending not have extensive written documenta­ a request to the Homebrew Computer ASR 33 Teletype w ith DTC sound tion, but could have a short description Club NEWSLETTER, P.O. Box 626, cover. Excellent condition. $700. Fred and instructions (1 page maximum). Mountain View, CA 94042. The NEWS­ (415) 325-9097. Complete instructions must be included LETTER is distributed monthly at either at execute time or as remark club meetings and is also mailed to INTERESTED IN SOFTWARE FOR statements at the beginning of the individuals who are unable to attend a "Domino Game'." Send info to program. Also include your name and the meetings. E. Butler Jr. 1300 Crane St. Menlo address in the first lines of the code. Park, CA 94025 (415) 323-8161. If additional information may be obtained on the use or application of FOR SALE — the following S-100 NEED USED OR SURPLUS MICRO­ the program in a standard publication, boards, all assembled and working: COMPUTER PARTS such as printed please reference that source. TDL's Z-80 CPU board $140 (was circuit boards, chips, photos, etc., for $269 in kit form). Solid State Music's use in elementary school "Introduction Video interface board (16x64 charac­ to Microcomputer" course. Need NOT FOR SALE - My HP-65, w ith all ters, & graphics) $150 (was $250 be functional. E. Butler, Jr. 1300 Crane materials furnished when purchased. assembled). Solid State Music's 8k St. Menlo Park, CA 94025 (415) Best offer. W. Kruse, PDC, 227 E. Santa RAM board $130 (was $325 assembled). 323-8161. Clara Street, San Jose, CA 95113. Call Philip Klein at (415) 524-9711.

7 In This Issue

Survey by Robert Reiling...... Second West Coast Computer Faireby Robert Reiling Random Bits by Lichen W ang...... Some Random Thoughts on Awardsby Ben Chmark NIM Monitor For 6502by Greg D o lka...... s News Releases...... Bulletin Board......

Where and Whenciub Meetings

The Homebrew Computer Club meets at 7 PM at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Auditorium. Dates scheduled for February and March are February 22nd and March 8th. A complete list of meetings scheduled this year is listed elsewhere in the NEWSLETTER. The dates and the location are subject to change. If a change does occur, every e ffo rt w ill be made to provide advance notice in the NEWSLETTER.

■S' >ROCLAIÍ^LIBERTk Homebrew Computer Club J S A 1 0 ¿ , NEWSLETTER \ i

P.O. Box 626, M ountain View, CA 94042

L M BAKER DPT OF BIO. SCIENCE STANFORD UNIVERSITY STANFORD, CA 94305