DOCSLIB.ORG

The Isolation and Identification of Α-Glucosidase and Lipase Inhibitors from Samoan Plant Extracts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Isolation and Identification of Α-Glucosidase and Lipase Inhibitors from Samoan Plant Extracts The Isolation and Identification of α-Glucosidase and Lipase Inhibitors from Samoan Plant Extracts BY Julian Wong Soon A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Biomedical Science Victoria University of Wellington 2017 Abstract There is a growth in the problems relating to diabetes and obesity within the Pacific region. A recent study found that nearly 20% of the Samoan population suffer from type 2 diabetes. The same study found that rates of obesity are correspondingly high, at 53% of the male population and almost 77% of the female population. Healthcare costs are high, and so this study was initiated to focus specifically on an economical, available and socially acceptable way of introducing anti-diabetic and anti-obesity treatments. Inspired by ethnobotanical interests relating to the unknown potential of plants within the Pacific Island region, a set of five Samoan plants were selected for evaluation of their potential to provide leads for anti-diabetic or anti-obesity treatments. The work presented here was carried out in collaboration with the Scientific Research Organisation of Samoa (SROS) which collected plant samples and provided the extracts used for the present study. This study focused on the biological activity of the five selected Samoan plant extracts; Myristica fatua, Barringtonia samoensis, Barringtonia asiatica, Annona muricata and Neisosperma oppositifolia against pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The enzyme bioassays were optimised and used to validate and identify potential anti- diabetic and anti-obesity treatments from compounds isolated and identified from the samples using LC-MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy. Two main fractions were carried forward for further fractionation and in vitro bioassay screening; one against lipase and the other against α- glucosidase. The known compound threo-dihydroguaiaretic acid was identified and isolated from Myristica fatua having the most potent lipase inhibition whereas a mixture of compounds containing alkaloids and the compound nirathin was obtained from Neisosperma oppositifolia in a fraction that exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibition. The kinetic modelling of both fractions were used to identify threo-dihydroguaiaretic acid having a mixed inhibition and the compound mixture inhibiting α-glucosidase competitively. 2 Acknowledgements “Motives reveal why we do what we do, which is actually more important to God than what we’re doing.” Joyce Meyer Throughout the course of my Masters study, God has always been the primary motivation and has enabled me to endure. He made it possible for me to work with people who have helped and shared their knowledge. I honour Him with all I am and the works of my hands. Firstly, I’d like to thank my supervisor A. Prof Paul Teesdale-Spittle for being understandable and giving so much of his time. You’re an overall amazing person Paul, and you have really helped me improve myself in and out of the lab. I truly appreciate you for you who you are and teaching me about critical thinking. I will always remember and take with me the advice. Secondly, I also wish to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Rob Keyzers from the School of Chemical and Physical Sciences. Thank you for giving guidance and mainly helping me with MS data. It played a huge role in the output of my research and my interest in using LC-MS. Your enthusiasm on natural products was always obvious and refreshing to see. To my colleague and friend Dr. Kenji Sakamoto-san from the Scientific Research Organisation of Samoa and Japan International Cooperation Agency, thank you for the great support. Three years ago we initiated this project which encouraged me to continue in a Master’s degree for the sake of scientific development in Samoa. It was a start of an epic journey. Dōmo arigatōgozaimasu. My appreciation also extends out to PhD students Ethan Wooly and Amira Brackovic from School of Chemical and Physical Sciences. Thank you Ethan for running the NMR spectra and the introduction in using HP20 column. For all the TLC work and also looking out for me in the Chemistry lab, thank you Amira. You were both always helpful with the Chemistry side of my project. 3 I would also like to thank all my fellow post-graduate students from the School of Biological Sciences for all their help especially with working in the cell culture lab. Particularly Leticia Castro, Vimal Patel, Richard Little, and Rose Gordon. It was obviously something new to work with but you directed me to the right track. Thank you for assisting with that part of my research. Thank you also to my friends who have undoubtedly shown so much support towards me, from New Zealand and abroad. It made it bearable when I had a good laugh while there was so much stress and chaos in my mind. You all provided comfort and sanity moments to help me through. I would like to especially thank my family. Being away from home is always a huge challenge but those phone calls kept me fighting. Thank you mum for your prayers. You’ve always been my hero and encouraged for me to finish well. Dad, you are the most hardworking person I know, and I look up to you for motivational strength. My oldest sister Agnes who would go far and wide for me. Thank you for being my second mother and closest friend. Your constant messaging meant the world to me and also for visiting me while I was here. For my extended family, you have all played a vital part in this journey. I appreciate each and every one of you. To my boyfriend Tomáš Kudera, my source of calmness and serenity. Thank you for your patience and always walking alongside me despite the distance. I love you and I thank God for you. Finally, I would like to thank the Chief Executive Officer, Afioga Dr. Seuseu Tauai, Assistant Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Samani Tupufia and management of the Scientific Research Organisation of Samoa for awarding me the Victoria University scholarship and financially supporting me. Also to all the staff members who I have been working with, thank you for keeping in contact and providing the extracts needed for this research. Thank you, fa’afetai tele lava. Vi’ia le Ali’i. 4 Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 NATURAL PRODUCTS IN DRUG DISCOVERY .......................................................... 7 1.2 PLANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...................................................................................... 8 1.2.1 Pacific & Samoan Flora ............................................................................................... 9 1.2.2 Medicinal Plants ......................................................................................................... 13 1.3 BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS CLASSIFICATION .................................... 14 1.3.1 Alkaloids .................................................................................................................... 14 1.3.2 Phenylpropanoids ....................................................................................................... 15 1.3.3 Polyketides ................................................................................................................. 15 1.3.4 Terpenoids .................................................................................................................. 16 1.3.5 Polyphenols ................................................................................................................ 17 1.4 ISOLATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS ..................................................................... 17 1.4.1 Bioassay Guided Isolation ......................................................................................... 18 1.4.2 Spectroscopy-Guided Isolation Using LC-MS and NMR.......................................... 20 1.4.3 Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS)............................... 22 1.5 OBESITY, DIABETES, AND THE PACIFIC ................................................................. 23 1.5.1 Drug targets for treatment of diabetes and obesity .................................................... 25 1.5.2 α-Glucosidase as an antidiabetic enzyme target......................................................... 26 1.5.3 Lipase as an anti-obesity enzyme target ..................................................................... 28 1.5.4 Other mechanisms of antidiabetic agents ................................................................... 29 1.6 MOTIVATION AND AIMS ............................................................................................ 31 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................ 32 2.1 PLANT SELECTION ....................................................................................................... 32 2.1.2 Myristica fatua (Atone) .............................................................................................. 35 2.2.2 Barringtonia ............................................................................................................... 37 2.3.2 Neisosperma oppositifolia
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Plant Press
    Special Symposium Issue continues on page 14 Department of Botany & the U.S. National Herbarium The Plant Press New Series - Vol. 20 - No. 3 July-September 2017 Botany Profile Plant Expeditions: History Has Its Eyes On You By Gary A. Krupnick he 15th Smithsonian Botani- as specimens (living or dried) in centuries field explorers to continue what they are cal Symposium was held at the past. doing. National Museum of Natural The symposium began with Laurence T he morning session began with a History (NMNH) and the U.S. Botanic Dorr (Chair of Botany, NMNH) giv- th Garden (USBG) on May 19, 2017. The ing opening remarks. Since the lectures series of talks focusing on the 18 symposium, titled “Exploring the Natural were taking place in Baird Auditorium, Tcentury explorations of Canada World: Plants, People and Places,” Dorr took the opportunity to talk about and the United States. Jacques Cayouette focused on the history of plant expedi- the theater’s namesake, Spencer Baird. A (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) tions. Over 200 participants gathered to naturalist, ornithologist, ichthyologist, and presented the first talk, “Moravian Mis- hear stories dedicated col- sionaries as Pioneers of Botanical Explo- and learn about lector, Baird was ration in Labrador (1765-1954).” He what moti- the first curator explained that missionaries of the Mora- vated botanical to be named vian Church, one of the oldest Protestant explorers of at the Smith- denominations, established missions the Western sonian Institu- along coastal Labrador in Canada in the Hemisphere in the 18th, 19th, and 20th tion and eventually served as Secretary late 1700s.
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Article
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL REMEDIES DOI: 10.18311/jnr/2017/15945 Ethnobotanical Profiles and Phytochemical Constituents of Barringtonia racemosa L. for Potential Scrutiny of Bioactive Compounds through Plant Biotechnology Nurul Izzati Osman1, Norrizah Jaafar Sidik1* and Asmah Awal2 1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Abstract This paper reviews the traditional uses and customs of people in the use of Barringtonia racemosa L., a type of plant mangrove species in their daily life and medicinal approaches. In addition, the phytochemical constituents and the studies in plant biotechnology carried out on this species were also reviewed and summarized by referring to the available documented literatures. It is aimed to provide a systematic review of such topics to facilitate understanding and providing information regarding that particular species. From the current review of literature, it has been clearly depicted that B. racemosa is having promising potentials for natural product discovery through plant biotechnology to be further scrutinized in this species. The information gathered from the ethnobotanical uses of this species as well as its phytochemical constituents are useful to provide a significant background for future works regarding plant secondary metabolites from this species to be further explored by the application of plant biotechnology. Keywords: Barringtonia racemosa L., Ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacology, Plant Bioactive Compounds, Phytochemistry 1. Introduction of plants not only lies in its medicinal properties used in herbal treatment but in fact, plants have been among the Our mother nature has a great diversity of plant species most significant element in daily household needs and and the existence of plant kingdom provides various being incorporated in industrial setting for instance in the benefits towards mankind.
    [Show full text]
  • 356-372 Published Online 2014 February 15
    Copyright © 2013, American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information publisher American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture JOURNAL home page: http://www.aensiweb.com/aejsa.html 2013 December; 7(5): pages 356-372 Published Online 2014 February 15. Research Article A Review on a Mangrove Species from the Sunderbans, Bangladesh: Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Roxb. Md. Zahirul Kabir, Sk. Mizanur Rahman, Md. Rashedul Islam, Prashanta Kumer Paul, Shahnaz Rahman, Rownak Jahan, Mohammed Rahmatullah Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh Received: November 03, 2013; Revised: January 13, 2014; Accepted: January 17, 2014 © 2013 AENSI PUBLISHER All rights reserved ABSTRACT Barringtonia racemosa is considered a mangrove associated species and found in various regions of Southeast and East Asia, as well as Micronesian and Polynesian islands and northern Australia. Important chemicals that have been found in the plant include betulinic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, germanicol, germanicone, lupeol, stigmasterol and taraxerol. Antibacterial, antifungal and antinociceptive activities have been reported for extracts from the plant. Traditional medicine practices include the whole plant as a remedy for itch; the roots are considered to be antimalarial, the bark and/or leaves are used in case of boils, snake bites, rat poisonings, gastric ulcer, high blood pressure, chicken pox and as a depurative, the fruits are used as remedy for cough, asthma and diarrhea, while the seeds are used for cancer like diseases and for eye inflammation. Key words: Barringtonia racemosa, Sunderbans, medicinal, Bangladesh INTRODUCTION Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Blume Eugenia racemosa L. Barringtonia racemosa is considered a Butonica apiculata Miers mangrove associated species and found in various Barringtonia insignis Miq.
    [Show full text]
  • Apbvariation in the Functional Properties of Barringtonia Asiatica Extract on Selected Pathogens
    Journal of Pharmacology & Clinical Research ISSN: 2473-5574 Research Article J of Pharmacol & Clin Res Volume 6 Issue 3 - September 2018 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Isaac John Umaru DOI: 10.19080/JPCR.2018.06.555686 APBVariation in the Functional Properties of Barringtonia Asiatica Extract on Selected Pathogens Isaac John Umaru1,2*, Fasihuddin ABadruddin1, Hauwa AUmaru3, Ezeonu Chukwuma Stephen2 and Ojochenemi Yakubu 1Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching, Kota-Samarahan, Malaysia 2Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Wukari Taraba State, Nigeria 3Department of biochemistry, ModiboAdama University of Technology Yola Adamawa state, Nigeria Submission: August 24, 2018; Published: September 10, 2018 *Corresponding author: Isaac John Umaru,Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching, Kota-Samarahan Malaysia,Department of Biochemistry Federal university Wukari Taraba State, Email: Abstract Objective: on selected pathogens. The aim of this study is to look at the influence of different concentration from different solvent extract of Barringtonia asiatica Material and Methods: Barringtonia asiatica extracts were evaluated for their functional potential antimicrobial properties. The leaves of Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus and Klebsielia pneumonia, were determined by a disc the plant were extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol and then vaporized
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Pt. 2
    Surinam (Pulle, 1906). 8. Gliricidia Kunth & Endlicher Unarmed, deciduous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd-pinnate, 1- pinnate. Inflorescence an axillary, many-flowered raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in a cupuliform, weakly 5-toothed tube; standard petal reflexed; keel incurved, the petals united. Stamens 10; 9 united by the filaments in a tube, 1 free. Fruit dehiscent, flat, narrow; seeds numerous. 1. Gliricidia sepium (Jacquin) Kunth ex Grisebach, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Gottingen 7: 52 (1857). MADRE DE CACAO (Surinam); ACACIA DES ANTILLES (French Guiana). Tree to 9 m; branches hairy when young; poisonous. Leaves with 4-8 pairs of leaflets; leaflets elliptical, acuminate, often dark-spotted or -blotched beneath, to 7 x 3 (-4) cm. Inflorescence to 15 cm. Petals pale purplish-pink, c.1.2 cm; standard petal marked with yellow from middle to base. Fruit narrowly oblong, somewhat woody, to 15 x 1.2 cm; seeds up to 11 per fruit. Range: Mexico to South America. Grown as an ornamental in the Botanic Gardens, Georgetown, Guyana (Index Seminum, 1982) and in French Guiana (de Granville, 1985). Grown as a shade tree in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). In tropical America this species is often interplanted with coffee and cacao trees to shade them; it is recommended for intensified utilization as a fuelwood for the humid tropics (National Academy of Sciences, 1980; Little, 1983). 9. Pterocarpus Jacquin Unarmed, nearly evergreen trees, sometimes lianas. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd- pinnate, 1-pinnate; leaflets alternate. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal panicle or raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in an unequally 5-toothed tube; standard and wing petals crisped (wavy); keel petals free or nearly so.
    [Show full text]
  • Verzeichnis Der Gattungen Und Arten
    Verzeichnis der Gattungen und Arten Abies 79, 93, 296, 300ff, 310, Adansonia fony 318f Alluaudia humbertii 318f 426f, 435, 452, 455, 476f, Adansonia gregorii 368f, Alnus 92f, 301, 409, 416, 426, 505, 606 571f 432ff, 452 Abies balsamea 426 Adansonia za 318f Alnus crispa 426 Abies balsamifera 427, 435 Adenium socotranum 566 Alnus fruticosa 409, 416, 426, Abies firma 455, 505 Adenostoma fasciculatum 434 Abies fraseri 310 486 Alnus hirsuta 426, 432 Abies heterophylla 296 Adiantum 73, 498 Alnus incana 426 Abies koreana 296 Adiantum reniforme 498 Alnus japonica 434 Abies nebrodensis 476 Adonis vernalis 9 Alnus kamschatica 426 Abies nephrolepis 300, 426, Aechmea 322, 327 Alnus maximowiczii 434 433 Aechmea smithiorum 327 Alnus rugosa 426 Abies nordmannia 304f, 452 Aegilops squarrosa 239 Alnus subcordata 452 Abies pinsapo 476 Aeonium 541 Alnus tenuifolia 426 Abies sachalinensis 426, 433 Aesculus 307ff, 450f, 460 Aloa impennis 232 Abies sibirica 296, 302, 426f, Aesculus hippocastanum Aloe 177, 232, 291, 334, 558, 435 450, 460 566 Acacia 198, 328, 331ff, 368f, Aesculus parviflora 309 Aloe arborescens 177 373, 548, 552, 565ff, 587 Agathis 73, 98, 173ff, Aloe dichotoma 558 Acacia aneura 552 512f, 593 Aloe perryi 566 Acacia brachystachia 553 Agathis australis 512 Aloe plicata 291 Acacia cambagai 553 Agathis jurassica 73 Alopecurus alpinus 413 Acacia cyclops 198 Agathis microstachya 593 Alpinia purpurata 321f Acacia dealbata 328 Agathis robusta 175, 593 Alpinia zerumbet 317 Acacia kempeana 553 Agathis vitiensis 175 Amanita muscaria 428 Acacia koa 588
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Forest Rehabilitation Manual for Aceh Province and North Sumatera
    Coastal Forest Rehabilitation Manual for Aceh Province and North Sumatera Russell Hanley Dennie Mamonto Jeremy Broadhead The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Cover design: Chanida Chavanich Cover photos: Jeremy Broadhead For copies of the report, write to: Patrick Durst Senior Forestry Officer FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 39 Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200 Thailand Tel: 66-2-6974139 Fax: 66-2-6974445 E-mail: [email protected] 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents................................................................................i 1 Introduction ...................................................................................3 1.1 The coastal plain ..................................................................4 1.2 Mangroves ............................................................................5 1.3 Coastal forest........................................................................7 1.4 The coastal green belt ..........................................................9 2 Participatory approaches in coastal
    [Show full text]
  • Lecythidaceae (G.T
    Flora Malesiana, Series I, Volume 21 (2013) 1–118 LECYTHIDACEAE (G.T. Prance, Kew & E.K. Kartawinata, Bogor)1 Lecythidaceae A.Rich. in Bory, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 9 (1825) 259 (‘Lécythidées’), nom. cons.; Poit., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 13 (1835) 141; Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 30, 2 (1874) 157; Nied. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 7 (1892) 30; R.Knuth in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV.219, Heft 105 (1939) 26; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 257; R.J.F.Hend., Fl. Australia 8 (1982) 1; Corner, Wayside Trees Malaya ed. 3, 1 (1988) 349; S.A.Mori & Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21, 2 (1990) 1; Chantar., Kew Bull. 50 (1995) 677; Pinard, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 4 (2002) 101; H.N.Qin & Prance, Fl. China 13 (2007) 293; Prance in Kiew et al., Fl. Penins. Malaysia, Ser. 2, 3 (2012) 175. — Myrtaceae tribus Lecythideae (A.Rich.) A.Rich. ex DC., Prodr. 3 (1828) 288. — Myrtaceae subtribus Eulecythideae Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 1, 2 (1865) 695, nom. inval. — Type: Lecythis Loefl. Napoleaeonaceae A.Rich. in Bory, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 11 (1827) 432. — Lecythi- daceae subfam. Napoleonoideae Nied. in Engl. & Prantl., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 7 (1893) 33. — Type: Napoleonaea P.Beauv. Scytopetalaceae Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 1 (1897) 242. — Lecythidaceae subfam. Scytopetaloideae (Engl.) O.Appel, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 121 (1996) 225. — Type: Scytopetalum Pierre ex Engl. Lecythidaceae subfam. Foetidioideae Nied. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat Pflanzenfam. 3, 7 (1892) 29. — Foetidiaceae (Nied.) Airy Shaw in Willis & Airy Shaw, Dict. Fl. Pl., ed.
    [Show full text]
  • CAMBODIA: COUNTRY REPORT to the FAO INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE on PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Leipzig 1996)
    CAMBODIA: COUNTRY REPORT TO THE FAO INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Leipzig 1996) Prepared by: Sovith Sin Nuth Sakhan Phnom Penh,1995 CAMBODIA country report 2 Note by FAO This Country Report has been prepared by the national authorities in the context of the preparatory process for the FAO International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources, Leipzig, Germany, 17-23 June 1996. The Report is being made available by FAO as requested by the International Technical Conference. However, the report is solely the responsibility of the national authorities. The information in this report has not been verified by FAO, and the opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views or policy of FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of the material and maps in this document do not imply the expression of any option whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. CAMBODIA country report 3 Table of contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 4 CHAPTER 2 INDIGENOUS PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES 7 2.1 FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES 7 2.2. WILD SPECIES AND WILD RELATIVE OF CROP PLANTS 7 CHAPTER 3 NATIONAL CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES 8 CHAPTER 4 IN-COUNTRY USES OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES 9 CHAPTER 5 NATIONAL GOALS, POLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATION 10 5.1 NATIONAL PROGRAMMES 10 5.2 TRAINING 10 5.3 NATIONAL LEGISLATION 11 CHAPTER 6 INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION 12 CHAPTER 7 NATIONAL NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES 13 CHAPTER 8 PROPOSALS FOR A GLOBAL PLAN OF ACTION 15 References 22 CAMBODIA country report 4 CHAPTER 1 Introduction Cambodia is a tropical climate and located between 102° to 108° E and 10° to 15° N in Southeast Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Profiles and Phytochemical Constituents of Barringtonia Racemosa L
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL REMEDIES DOI: 10.18311/jnr/2017/15945 Ethnobotanical Profiles and Phytochemical Constituents of Barringtonia racemosa L. for Potential Scrutiny of Bioactive Compounds through Plant Biotechnology Nurul Izzati Osman1, Norrizah Jaafar Sidik1* and Asmah Awal2 1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Abstract This paper reviews the traditional uses and customs of people in the use of Barringtonia racemosa L., a type of plant mangrove species in their daily life and medicinal approaches. In addition, the phytochemical constituents and the studies in plant biotechnology carried out on this species were also reviewed and summarized by referring to the available documented literatures. It is aimed to provide a systematic review of such topics to facilitate understanding and providing information regarding that particular species. From the current review of literature, it has been clearly depicted that B. racemosa is having promising potentials for natural product discovery through plant biotechnology to be further scrutinized in this species. The information gathered from the ethnobotanical uses of this species as well as its phytochemical constituents are useful to provide a significant background for future works regarding plant secondary metabolites from this species to be further explored by the application of plant biotechnology. Keywords: Barringtonia racemosa L., Ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacology, Plant Bioactive Compounds, Phytochemistry 1. Introduction of plants not only lies in its medicinal properties used in herbal treatment but in fact, plants have been among the Our mother nature has a great diversity of plant species most significant element in daily household needs and and the existence of plant kingdom provides various being incorporated in industrial setting for instance in the benefits towards mankind.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Arthritic Activity of Chloroform Extract of Barringtonia Acutangula (L) Gaertn
    Available online a t www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2013, 5 (3):367-373 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-5071 USA CODEN: DPLEB4 Anti-arthritic activity of chloroform extract of Barringtonia acutangula (L) Gaertn. leaves on wister rats M. Thirumal *1 , R. Vijaya Bharathi 2, B. Kumudhaveni 2 and G. Kishore 1 1Department of Pharmacognosy , Jaya College of Pharmacy, Chennai, India 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Barringtonia acutangula (family: Lecythidaceae), known as Indian Oak in English was used to treat joint paints (Rheumatoid disease). In this study the anti-arthritic effect of Chloroform extract of the leaves was evaluated and compared to untreated control. Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis model was done by using two techniques includes Prophylactic and Therapeutic model. Arthritis was induced by injecting CFA subcutaneously into the left hind paw. Paw volumes were recorded on the day of injection, 7, 14 and 21 st day by using plethysmometer and compared. The results showed that Chloroform extract of the leaves of B. acutangula(CEBA)has significant anti- arthritic activity when compared to control group in both studies. This study supports the traditional use of B. acutangula for the treatment rheumatoid arthritis and suggests further studies to produce clinically useful herbal drug. Key words: Barringtonia acutangula, Complete Freund's adjuvant, plethysmometer, Prophylactic model, Therapeutic model. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid disease is one of the most common chronic inflammatory condition which develops over months or years in developed countries and is a common cause of disability. One in three patients with rheumatoid arthritis is likely to be disabled.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruit Flies in Vanuatu
    27 ISSN 1017-6276 FRUIT FLIES IN VANUATU Twelve species of fruit flies (Family Tephritidae: Sub-family Dacinae) have been recorded from trapping programmes and fruit surveys, conducted by the Vanuatu Government, Project on Regional Management of Fruit Flies in the Pacific and the ACIAR fruit fly project, since 1994. Despite this number of species, Vanuatu is in a very fortunate position with respect to its fruit fly status. None of the major world species have been recorded and the species that occur in Vanuatu are not as aggressive or damaging as many other species that occur in the Pacific region or elsewhere in the world. Eleven of the species belong to the genus Bactrocera and one to the genus Dacus. Eight of the species are well known to science, while three species are undescribed and are new to science. Only three species infest fruits that may be regarded as commercial or edible. Figure 1. Bactrocera trilineola. Figure 2. Breadfruit fly (Bactrocera umbrosa). Figure 3. Bactrocera quadrisetosa. Figure 4. Bactrocera B. sp. nov. near paraxanthodes NZODA Economically Important Fruit Fly Species The species that infest commercial or edible fruits are Bactrocera trilineola Drew, B. umbrosa (Fabricius) and B. quadrisetosa (Bezzi). Bactrocera trilineola (Figure 1) B. trilineola is restricted to Vanuatu, but is widely distributed there. It occurs on all islands where trapping or fruit surveys have been done and probably occurs on most of Vanuatu’s 80 islands. It has been recorded from 32 hosts, belonging to 18 plant families. Of the 32 recorded hosts, 22 are regarded as commercial or edible fruits.
    [Show full text]