DOCSLIB.ORG

356-372 Published Online 2014 February 15

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
356-372 Published Online 2014 February 15 Copyright © 2013, American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information publisher American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture JOURNAL home page: http://www.aensiweb.com/aejsa.html 2013 December; 7(5): pages 356-372 Published Online 2014 February 15. Research Article A Review on a Mangrove Species from the Sunderbans, Bangladesh: Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Roxb. Md. Zahirul Kabir, Sk. Mizanur Rahman, Md. Rashedul Islam, Prashanta Kumer Paul, Shahnaz Rahman, Rownak Jahan, Mohammed Rahmatullah Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh Received: November 03, 2013; Revised: January 13, 2014; Accepted: January 17, 2014 © 2013 AENSI PUBLISHER All rights reserved ABSTRACT Barringtonia racemosa is considered a mangrove associated species and found in various regions of Southeast and East Asia, as well as Micronesian and Polynesian islands and northern Australia. Important chemicals that have been found in the plant include betulinic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, germanicol, germanicone, lupeol, stigmasterol and taraxerol. Antibacterial, antifungal and antinociceptive activities have been reported for extracts from the plant. Traditional medicine practices include the whole plant as a remedy for itch; the roots are considered to be antimalarial, the bark and/or leaves are used in case of boils, snake bites, rat poisonings, gastric ulcer, high blood pressure, chicken pox and as a depurative, the fruits are used as remedy for cough, asthma and diarrhea, while the seeds are used for cancer like diseases and for eye inflammation. Key words: Barringtonia racemosa, Sunderbans, medicinal, Bangladesh INTRODUCTION Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Blume Eugenia racemosa L. Barringtonia racemosa is considered a Butonica apiculata Miers mangrove associated species and found in various Barringtonia insignis Miq. regions of Southeast and East Asia, as well as Barringtonia pallida (Miers) Koord. & Valeton Micronesian and Polynesian islands and northern Barringtonia salomonensis Rech. Australia. Kingdom: Plantae Other names: Phylum: Tracheophyta Fish-killer tree, fish-poison tree, fish-poison Class: Magnoliopsida wood, freshwater mangrove, small-leaved Family: Lecythidaceae barringtonia, powder-puff tree, wild guava, brack- Genus: Barringtonia water mangrove, common putat, hippo apple Species: racemosa (L.) Spreng. (English), Godamidella (Sri Lanka / Sinhala), Other species belonging to this genus are Arattam (Tamil), Kye-bin, kyi (Burmese), Putat Barringtonia asiatica, Barrington acutangula, ayam, putat ayer, putat aying, putat kampong Barringtonia edilus, Barringtonia lanceolata, (Malay), Chik ban, chik suan (Thai), Apalang Barringtonia macrostachya, and Barringtonia (Filipino), Butan darat, butun darat, penggung, putat spicata. sungai (Indonesian), Samudraphala (Sanskrit), Ingar (Hindi), Mtomondo (Swahili). Scientific synonyms: Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Spreng Corresponding Author: Professor Dr. Mohammed Rahmatullah, Pro-Vice Chancellor, University of Development Alternative, House No. 78, Road No. 11A (new), Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh. Phone: 88-01715032621 Fax: 88-02-8157339 E-mail: [email protected] 357 Dr. M. Rahmatullah et al, 2013 / American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 7(5), December, Pages: 356-372 Distribution: Botanical features: B. racemosa, which is considered a mangrove Barringtonia racemosa is a small tree of associate, can also be found in tropical rainforest mangrove associate type, capable of reaching 20 m areas, open lowlands and thickets. It occurs always or more with leaves tufted at the ends of stout twigs. near water: along riverbanks and in freshwater The leaves can be up to 40 cm long and 15 cm wide, swamps, and occasionally in the less saline areas of are pointed at the tip, have slightly toothed edges and mangrove swamps, where it may develop very pronounced veins. Flowers are arranged in long pneumatophores. The species cannot tolerate even spikes coming out of the centre of leaf groups, and light frost. It favours the wet tropical, moist topical have four white petals surrounded by a profusion of and wet subtropical climatic zones. It is distributed white filaments. The fruit is egg shaped and about 9 from eastern Africa and Madagascar to Bangladesh cm long. The bark is generally grey and smooth. (Sundarbans), Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, southern China, Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands (Japan), Chemical constituents and their reported Thailand, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India), pharmacological activities: throughout the Malaysian region towards Two new triterpenoids, olean-18-en-3beta-O-E- Micronesia, Polynesia (east to Fiji and Samoa) and coumaroyl ester and olean-18-en-3beta-O-Z- northern Australia. coumaroyl ester, were isolated from the stem bark along with 5 known compounds, germanicol, germanicone, betulinic acid, lupeol, and taraxerol [143]. OH O E S H H R Me O R R Me Me Me Me S R Me R H Me R Me Olean-18-en-3beta-O-E-coumaroyl ester O Z S H H R Me O R R OH Me Me Me Me S R Me R H Me R Me Olean-18-en-3beta-O-Z-coumaroyl ester Me Me H Me S R Me Me R R R R H Me S R HO H Me Me Germanicol (Morol) 358 Dr. M. Rahmatullah et al, 2013 / American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 7(5), December, Pages: 356-372 Me Me H Me S R Me Me R R R R H Me R O H Me Me Germanicone Ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of the dihydromyticetin, gallic acid, bartogenic acid, and plant yielded 3,3’-dimethoxy ellagic acid, stigmasterol [127]. Gallic acid An ethanolic extract of the roots afforded two Saponin namely barringtonin and sapogenins novel neo-clerodane-type diterpenoids, methyl-15,16- such as R1-barrigenol, barringtogenol and epoxy-12-oxo-3,13(16),14-neo-clerodatrien-18,19- barringtogenic acid have been isolated from the fruit olide-17-carboxylate (nasimalun A) and dimethyl- [73,4]. 15,16-epoxy-3,13(16),14-neo-clerodatrien-17,18- Similar saponins and sapogenins were also dicarboxylate (17-carboxy methylhardwickiic acid found in the seeds [60]. Me ester, nasimalun B) [40]. O O S MeO R R R Me H O O O Nasimalun A 359 Dr. M. Rahmatullah et al, 2013 / American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 7(5), December, Pages: 356-372 O O H Me R R R OMe R Me MeO O Nasimalun B Me Me S S Me Me H CO 2H HO R S R R R H Me R R HO S Me H CO 2H Barringtogenic acid Me Me S S OH Me Me H HO R S R R R H Me R R HO R Me H HO Barringtogenol 360 Dr. M. Rahmatullah et al, 2013 / American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 7(5), December, Pages: 356-372 Betulinic acid Germanicol: sciadophylloides (higher fatty acid esters of Germanicol may have anti-inflammatory [96] taraxerol, Yasue et al, [145]); leaves of and anti-bacterial potentials [89]. Germanicol and Acanthopanax trifoliatus (along with nevadensin, derivatives are also present in the following plants as kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, and taraxerol acetate; Du and described below. Germanicol acetate has been Gao, [31]); from the chloroform leaf extract of isolated from the roots of Euphorbia nematocypha Alchornea latifolia [along with taraxerone, friedelin, (along with nematocyphol, nepehinol acetate, euphol, epifriedelinol, seco-3,4-friedelin (dihydroputranjivic tanaxastanol, 24-methylenecloartanol, and nepehinol; acid), and seco-3,4-taraxerone; Setzer et al, [120]; Cao et al, [15]). The compound has also been taraxerol acetate from dichloromethane extracts of isolated from methanol insoluble extract of Araujia the roots of Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Billodeaux et sericifera [78]; methanolic extract of the twigs of al, [12]); 3alpha- and 3beta-taraxerol (along with Celtis sinensis (along with epifriedelanol, trans-N- 3alpha-E-feruloyltaraxerol, 3alpha-Z- caffeoyltyramine, cis-N-coumaroyltyramine, feruloyltaraxerol, 3beta-E-feruloyltaraxerol, 3beta-Z- pinoresinol glycoside, pinoresinol rutinoside, and feruloyltaraxerol, 3alpha-E-coumaroyltaraxerol, and steroids; Kim et al, [59]); Festuca argentina (along 3alpha-Z-coumaroyltaraxerol from the fruits of with pentacyclic triterpenols such as beta-amyrin, Bruguiera cylindrica (Laphookhieo et al, [66]); from isobaurenol, lupeol, hopenol-a, hopeol, and low the twigs and buds of Calophyllum cordato- amounts of sterols like cholesterol, campesterol, oblongum - methyl ether of cordatolide B, cordato- stigmasterol, sitosterol, and dihydrositosterol; oblongic acid, friedelin, canophyllol, and sitosterol Casabuono and Pomilio, [16]); aerial parts of (Dharmaratne et al, [30]); Careya arborea (Mahato Koelpinia linearis [along with koelpinin A (28-nor- et al, [85]); Clerodendrum bungei (along with beta- lup-12,17-dien-3beta,16alpha-diol), koelpinin B sitosterol, glochidone, glochidonol, and glochidiol; (3beta-acetoxy-28-nor-lup-12,17-dien-16alpha-ol, Gao et al, [34]); Clitoria ternatea [6]; Codonopsis koelpinin C (28-nor-lup-12,17-dien-3beta-ol-16- pilosula (along with friedelin, alpha-spinasterol, one), 30-nor-lup-3beta-ol-20-one, and taraxeryl alpha-spinasterol-beta-D-glucopyranoside, n-butyl- acetate; Koul et al, [62]; hexane extract of alpha-D-fructofuranoside, and n-butyl-beta-D- Marsypianthes chamaedrys, a common herb found in fructopyranoside; Chen et al, [19]); Crossostephium the north and northeast regions of Brazil (along with chinense [118]; taraxerol-3-beta-O-tridecyl ether alpha-amyrin, beta-amyrin, lupeol, chamaedrydiol, from the aerial part of Derris trifoliata [142]; ethyl castanopsol, 2alpha-hydroxylupeol, and acetate extract of Embelia schimperi leaves [along epigermanidiol; de Sousa Menezes et al, [29]); with 3beta,16alpha-di-O-acetyl-13beta,28-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Print This Article
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL REMEDIES DOI: 10.18311/jnr/2017/15945 Ethnobotanical Profiles and Phytochemical Constituents of Barringtonia racemosa L. for Potential Scrutiny of Bioactive Compounds through Plant Biotechnology Nurul Izzati Osman1, Norrizah Jaafar Sidik1* and Asmah Awal2 1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Abstract This paper reviews the traditional uses and customs of people in the use of Barringtonia racemosa L., a type of plant mangrove species in their daily life and medicinal approaches. In addition, the phytochemical constituents and the studies in plant biotechnology carried out on this species were also reviewed and summarized by referring to the available documented literatures. It is aimed to provide a systematic review of such topics to facilitate understanding and providing information regarding that particular species. From the current review of literature, it has been clearly depicted that B. racemosa is having promising potentials for natural product discovery through plant biotechnology to be further scrutinized in this species. The information gathered from the ethnobotanical uses of this species as well as its phytochemical constituents are useful to provide a significant background for future works regarding plant secondary metabolites from this species to be further explored by the application of plant biotechnology. Keywords: Barringtonia racemosa L., Ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacology, Plant Bioactive Compounds, Phytochemistry 1. Introduction of plants not only lies in its medicinal properties used in herbal treatment but in fact, plants have been among the Our mother nature has a great diversity of plant species most significant element in daily household needs and and the existence of plant kingdom provides various being incorporated in industrial setting for instance in the benefits towards mankind.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecythidaceae (G.T
    Flora Malesiana, Series I, Volume 21 (2013) 1–118 LECYTHIDACEAE (G.T. Prance, Kew & E.K. Kartawinata, Bogor)1 Lecythidaceae A.Rich. in Bory, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 9 (1825) 259 (‘Lécythidées’), nom. cons.; Poit., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 13 (1835) 141; Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 30, 2 (1874) 157; Nied. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 7 (1892) 30; R.Knuth in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV.219, Heft 105 (1939) 26; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 257; R.J.F.Hend., Fl. Australia 8 (1982) 1; Corner, Wayside Trees Malaya ed. 3, 1 (1988) 349; S.A.Mori & Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21, 2 (1990) 1; Chantar., Kew Bull. 50 (1995) 677; Pinard, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 4 (2002) 101; H.N.Qin & Prance, Fl. China 13 (2007) 293; Prance in Kiew et al., Fl. Penins. Malaysia, Ser. 2, 3 (2012) 175. — Myrtaceae tribus Lecythideae (A.Rich.) A.Rich. ex DC., Prodr. 3 (1828) 288. — Myrtaceae subtribus Eulecythideae Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 1, 2 (1865) 695, nom. inval. — Type: Lecythis Loefl. Napoleaeonaceae A.Rich. in Bory, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 11 (1827) 432. — Lecythi- daceae subfam. Napoleonoideae Nied. in Engl. & Prantl., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 7 (1893) 33. — Type: Napoleonaea P.Beauv. Scytopetalaceae Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 1 (1897) 242. — Lecythidaceae subfam. Scytopetaloideae (Engl.) O.Appel, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 121 (1996) 225. — Type: Scytopetalum Pierre ex Engl. Lecythidaceae subfam. Foetidioideae Nied. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat Pflanzenfam. 3, 7 (1892) 29. — Foetidiaceae (Nied.) Airy Shaw in Willis & Airy Shaw, Dict. Fl. Pl., ed.
    [Show full text]
  • CAMBODIA: COUNTRY REPORT to the FAO INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE on PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Leipzig 1996)
    CAMBODIA: COUNTRY REPORT TO THE FAO INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Leipzig 1996) Prepared by: Sovith Sin Nuth Sakhan Phnom Penh,1995 CAMBODIA country report 2 Note by FAO This Country Report has been prepared by the national authorities in the context of the preparatory process for the FAO International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources, Leipzig, Germany, 17-23 June 1996. The Report is being made available by FAO as requested by the International Technical Conference. However, the report is solely the responsibility of the national authorities. The information in this report has not been verified by FAO, and the opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views or policy of FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of the material and maps in this document do not imply the expression of any option whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. CAMBODIA country report 3 Table of contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 4 CHAPTER 2 INDIGENOUS PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES 7 2.1 FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES 7 2.2. WILD SPECIES AND WILD RELATIVE OF CROP PLANTS 7 CHAPTER 3 NATIONAL CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES 8 CHAPTER 4 IN-COUNTRY USES OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES 9 CHAPTER 5 NATIONAL GOALS, POLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATION 10 5.1 NATIONAL PROGRAMMES 10 5.2 TRAINING 10 5.3 NATIONAL LEGISLATION 11 CHAPTER 6 INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION 12 CHAPTER 7 NATIONAL NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES 13 CHAPTER 8 PROPOSALS FOR A GLOBAL PLAN OF ACTION 15 References 22 CAMBODIA country report 4 CHAPTER 1 Introduction Cambodia is a tropical climate and located between 102° to 108° E and 10° to 15° N in Southeast Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Profiles and Phytochemical Constituents of Barringtonia Racemosa L
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL REMEDIES DOI: 10.18311/jnr/2017/15945 Ethnobotanical Profiles and Phytochemical Constituents of Barringtonia racemosa L. for Potential Scrutiny of Bioactive Compounds through Plant Biotechnology Nurul Izzati Osman1, Norrizah Jaafar Sidik1* and Asmah Awal2 1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Abstract This paper reviews the traditional uses and customs of people in the use of Barringtonia racemosa L., a type of plant mangrove species in their daily life and medicinal approaches. In addition, the phytochemical constituents and the studies in plant biotechnology carried out on this species were also reviewed and summarized by referring to the available documented literatures. It is aimed to provide a systematic review of such topics to facilitate understanding and providing information regarding that particular species. From the current review of literature, it has been clearly depicted that B. racemosa is having promising potentials for natural product discovery through plant biotechnology to be further scrutinized in this species. The information gathered from the ethnobotanical uses of this species as well as its phytochemical constituents are useful to provide a significant background for future works regarding plant secondary metabolites from this species to be further explored by the application of plant biotechnology. Keywords: Barringtonia racemosa L., Ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacology, Plant Bioactive Compounds, Phytochemistry 1. Introduction of plants not only lies in its medicinal properties used in herbal treatment but in fact, plants have been among the Our mother nature has a great diversity of plant species most significant element in daily household needs and and the existence of plant kingdom provides various being incorporated in industrial setting for instance in the benefits towards mankind.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Arthritic Activity of Chloroform Extract of Barringtonia Acutangula (L) Gaertn
    Available online a t www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2013, 5 (3):367-373 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-5071 USA CODEN: DPLEB4 Anti-arthritic activity of chloroform extract of Barringtonia acutangula (L) Gaertn. leaves on wister rats M. Thirumal *1 , R. Vijaya Bharathi 2, B. Kumudhaveni 2 and G. Kishore 1 1Department of Pharmacognosy , Jaya College of Pharmacy, Chennai, India 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Barringtonia acutangula (family: Lecythidaceae), known as Indian Oak in English was used to treat joint paints (Rheumatoid disease). In this study the anti-arthritic effect of Chloroform extract of the leaves was evaluated and compared to untreated control. Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis model was done by using two techniques includes Prophylactic and Therapeutic model. Arthritis was induced by injecting CFA subcutaneously into the left hind paw. Paw volumes were recorded on the day of injection, 7, 14 and 21 st day by using plethysmometer and compared. The results showed that Chloroform extract of the leaves of B. acutangula(CEBA)has significant anti- arthritic activity when compared to control group in both studies. This study supports the traditional use of B. acutangula for the treatment rheumatoid arthritis and suggests further studies to produce clinically useful herbal drug. Key words: Barringtonia acutangula, Complete Freund's adjuvant, plethysmometer, Prophylactic model, Therapeutic model. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid disease is one of the most common chronic inflammatory condition which develops over months or years in developed countries and is a common cause of disability. One in three patients with rheumatoid arthritis is likely to be disabled.
    [Show full text]
  • TRITERPENES from Minquartia Guianensis (Olacaceae) and in VITRO ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY
    Quim. Nova, Vol. 35, No. 11, 2165-2168, 2012 TRITERPENES FROM Minquartia guianensis (Olacaceae) AND IN VITRO ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY# Lorena Mayara de Carvalho Cursino e Cecilia Veronica Nunez* Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biotecnologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araujo, 2936, 69060-001 Manaus – AM, Brasil Renata Cristina de Paula e Maria Fernanda Alves do Nascimento Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antonio Artigo Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte – MG, Brasil Pierre Alexandre dos Santos Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Alexandre Amorim, 330, 69010-300 Manaus – AM, Brasil Recebido em 24/5/12; aceito em 21/9/12; publicado na web em 9/11/12 Minquartia guianensis, popularly known as acariquara, was phytochemically investigated. The following triterpenes were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of leaves: lupen-3-one (1), taraxer-3-one (2) and oleanolic acid (3). The dichloromethane extract of branches yielded the triterpene 3β-methoxy-lup-20(29)-ene (4). The chemical structures were characterized by NMR data. Plant extracts, substance 3, squalene (5) and taraxerol (6), (5 and 6 previously isolated), were evaluated by in vitro assay against chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. The dichloromethane extract of leaves and the three triterpenes assayed have shown partial activity. Thus, these results demonstrated that new potential antimalarial natural products can be found even
    [Show full text]
  • Biochemical Basis of the Antidiabetic Activity of Oleanolic Acid and Related Pentacyclic Triterpenes
    PERSPECTIVES IN DIABETES Biochemical Basis of the Antidiabetic Activity of Oleanolic Acid and Related Pentacyclic Triterpenes Jose M. Castellano, Angeles Guinda, Teresa Delgado, Mirela Rada, and Jose A. Cayuela Oleanolic acid (OA), a natural component of many plant food and widely distributed in the plant kingdom as free acid or as medicinal herbs, is endowed with a wide range of pharmacolog- aglycone of triterpenoid saponins. More than 120 plant ical properties whose therapeutic potential has only partly been species have been described by their relevant OA con- exploited until now. Throughout complex and multifactorial tents (3), but few of them are socioeconomically impor- mechanisms, OA exerts beneficial effects against diabetes and tant crops as is olive (Olea europaea L.). OA is a component metabolic syndrome. It improves insulin response, preserves of the cuticle waxes that cover fruit and leaf epidermis. It is functionality and survival of b-cells, and protects against diabetes especially abundant in the olive leaf, where it represents up complications. OA may directly modulate enzymes connected to to 3.5% of the dry weight (4). insulin biosynthesis, secretion, and signaling. However, its major contributions appear to be derived from the interaction with im- OA and related triterpenes possess interesting pharma- portant transduction pathways, and many of its effects are con- cological properties, including the antioxidant, micro- sistently related to activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. bicide, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and Doing that, OA induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes antiatherosclerotic actions (5–7). They interfere in the and phase II response genes, blocks NF-kB, and represses the development of different types of cancer (7) and neuro- polyol pathway, AGEs production, and hyperlipidemia.
    [Show full text]
  • Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia
    RAP PUBLICATION 2006/07 MANGROVE GUIDEBOOK FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA The designations and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone and do not imply any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO. Authored by: Wim Giesen, Stephan Wulffraat, Max Zieren and Liesbeth Scholten ISBN: 974-7946-85-8 FAO and Wetlands International, 2006 Printed by: Dharmasarn Co., Ltd. First print: July 2007 For copies write to: Forest Resources Officer FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Maliwan Mansion Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] ii FOREWORDS Large extents of the coastlines of Southeast Asian countries were once covered by thick mangrove forests. In the past few decades, however, these mangrove forests have been largely degraded and destroyed during the process of development. The negative environmental and socio-economic impacts on mangrove ecosystems have led many government and non- government agencies, together with civil societies, to launch mangrove conservation and rehabilitation programmes, especially during the 1990s. In the course of such activities, programme staff have faced continual difficulties in identifying plant species growing in the field. Despite a wide availability of mangrove guidebooks in Southeast Asia, none of these sufficiently cover species that, though often associated with mangroves, are not confined to this habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • From Euphorbia Lathyris L., Euphorbiaceae
    Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Epicuticular Waxes from Euphorbia lathyris L., Euphorbiaceae Herbert Hemmers, Paul-Gerhard Gülz Botanisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Gyrhofstraße 15, D-5000 Köln 41, Bundesrepublik Deutschland Franz-Josef Marner Institut für Biochemie der Universität zu Köln, An der Bottmühle 2, D-5000 Köln 1, Bundesrepublik Deutschland Victor Wray GBF Braunschweig, Mascheroder Weg 1. D-3300 Braunschweig, Bundesrepublik Deutschland Z. Naturforsch. 44c, 193 — 201 (1989); received November 2/December 23, 1988 Euphorbia lathyris , Epicuticular Wax Composition, Triterpenols, Triterpenones, Triterpenol Esters The chemical composition of the leaf surface wax of Euphorbia lathyris L. was analysed using TLC, GC, GC-MS and NMR. A predominance of pentacyclic triterpenoids and primary alcohols was observed. They together constituted 60% of the total wax. Seven triterpenols: taraxerol, ß- amyrin, lupeol, isomotiol, a-fernenol, simiarenol. i|>-taraxasterol and eight triterpenones: taraxe- rone, ß-amyrinone, lupenone, isomotione, a- and ß-fernenone, simiarenone and filicanone were isolated. Among them, ß-amyrin and lupeol were found esterified with homologous series of fatty acids. The minor part of wax was formed by long chained and predominantly saturated alkanes, wax esters, aldehydes and free fatty acids. Introduction containing latex which provides a potential, renew­ able source for the production of liquid fuels and Euphorbia lathyris L. (sect. lathyris), a member of other chemical materials [2, 4—7], Hence E. lathyris the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), is a glabrous, glaucous, biennial plant up to 150 cm in height with may play an important role as an energy-plant in the numerous axillary shoots [1]. Probably native only in future. Polycyclic triterpenes are another no less impor­ the eastern and central mediterranean regions, it spread from there throughout South, West and Cen­ tant group of chemical constituents present in the tral Europe and later has been introduced into latex of E.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Barringtonia Acutangula(L.) Geartn
    International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol. 3, No.2, pp 784-786, April-June 2011 In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Barringtonia acutangula(l.) Geartn. D.Padmavathi1*, R. Vijaya Bharathi2, A. Sarala3 1Department of Pharmacognosy, Oxford College of Pharmacy, Bangalore,India. 2Madras Medical College, Chennai,India. 3K.P. College of Pharmacy, Tiruvannamalai,India. *Corres.author: [email protected] Ph: 09341332576 Abstract: Barringtonia acutangula was commonly used in India by tribal people for the treatment of liver disorders, diarrheal diseases, eye diseases , spleenic disorders and worm infestation. In Tamil, it is known as Samutraphalam.The present study is an attempt to explore the anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of plant Barringtonia acutangula. The purpose of the present study was to find out the anthelmentic activity of ethanolic extract of Barringtonia acutangula in earthworms. The various doses of ethanolic extracts were evaluated for their anthelmintic activities on adult Indian earthworms, Pheretima postuma. All doses of ethanolic extracts were able to show anthelmintic activity. The activities are well comparable with the standard drug Piperazine citrate . All the doses of ethanolic extract of Barringtonia acutangula showed better anthelmintic activity. When the dose of the extract is increased, a gradual increase in anthelmintic activity was observed. Keywords : Barringtonia acutangula, Anthelmintic activity, Piperazine Citrate. Introduction: There are no reports on systematic and Barringtonia acutangula belongs to the family scientific study of anthelmintic activity of leaf Lecythidaceae and also called as Indian Oak extracts. In the present study, we report the (English), Ijal (Hindi), Samuttirappalam (Tamil), anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extract of the leaves Kanapa – chettu (Telugu) and Kinijolo (Oriya) in of Barringtonia acutangula.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioactive Metabolites of Bulbine Natalensis (Baker): Isolation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Properties
    Bioactive metabolites of Bulbine natalensis (Baker): Isolation, characterization, and antioxidant properties Olusola Bodede1,2, Nomfundo Mahlangeni2, Roshila Moodley2, Manimbulu Nlooto1, Elizabeth Ojewole1 1Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 2School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa Abstract Background: Medicinal plants continue to play a key role in disease management and modern drug development. ORIGINAL ARTICLE ORIGINAL Bulbine natalensis is one of several South Africa’s indigenous succulent medicinal species. B. natalensis’ high medicinal profile has made it a commercially-available herb within the South African market and beyond. However, there is a limited scientific report on its bioactive metabolites. Objectives: This study’s objective was to isolate and identify bioactive compounds from B. natalensis leaves and evaluate the compounds and crude extracts for antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: Fractionation and purification of B. natalensis dichloromethane extract were done using chromatographic techniques. Whole extract profiling was carried out on dichloromethane and methanol extracts using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The isolated compounds and extracts were evaluated for antioxidant activity. Results: The dichloromethane extract yielded two pentacyclic triterpenes (glutinol and taraxerol), one tetracyclic triterpene
    [Show full text]
  • Memory Enhancing Activity of Barringtonia Acutangula (L.) 0N Corticosterone Induced Dementia in Mice
    66 | P a g e e-ISSN: 2248-9126 Vol 4 | Issue 2 | 2014 | 66-70 Print ISSN: 2248-9118 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Research www.ijpsrjournal.com MEMORY ENHANCING ACTIVITY OF BARRINGTONIA ACUTANGULA (L.) 0N CORTICOSTERONE INDUCED DEMENTIA IN MICE G. Sandhyarani1*, Bikku Naik1, K. Praveen Kumar2, Alli Ramesh3 1Vaageswari College of Pharmacy, Karimnager, Andhra Pradesh, India. 2Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Research Division, Hanamkonda, Warangal,Andhra Pradesh, India. 3Vaagdevi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Research Division, Bollikunta, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India. ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Barringtonia acutangula (L.) on learning and memory in mice. Morris water maze and passive avoidance paradigm were employed to test learning and memory. Two doses (100 and 200mg/kg, p.o.) of methanolic extract were administered for 21 successive days in separate group of animals. The dose of 200 & 400‐mg/kg p.o. of EEBA significantly improved learning and memory of mice in dose dependent manner. Furthermore, this dose significantly reversed the amnesia induced by Corticosterone (5 mg/kg, s.c) induced amnesia. Hence Barringtonia acutangula (L.) appears to be a promising candidate for improving memory and it would be worthwhile to explore the potential of this plant in the management of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. However, further studies are necessitated to identify the exact mechanism of action. Keywords: Barringtonia acutangula (L.), Alzheimer’s disease. INTRODUCTION Alzheimer’s disease are acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive which increases the availability of acetylcholine at neurodegenerative brain disorder that is slow in onset but cholinergic synapses.
    [Show full text]