Musaceae (Banana Family) Systematic Classification Division: Spermatophyta Subdivision: Angiospermae Class: Monocotyledonae Seri

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Musaceae (Banana family) Systematic Classification Division: Spermatophyta Subdivision: Angiospermae Class: Monocotyledonae Series: Epigynae Family: Musaceae Genera: Musa sp. Family comprises of 2 genera and 40 species. Habitat: predominantly found in wet tropical lowlands from West Africa to Pacific (Southern Japan to Queensland). Habit: large herbs, perennial, may reach up to 5 meters in height. Root: Adventitious originating from rhizome. Stem: Underground rhizome, pseudostems, perrenating, sheaths of the leaves arise from rhizome. Sheath of the leaves are bound around one another below looking like aerial stem. Leaves: Large, oval, stalked, sheath long and broad, blunt end, simple, midrib stout, spirally arranged, pinnate parallel venation. Inflorescence: Terminal inflorescence at aerial stem, simple or compound, spike or panicle or panicle, leathery bracts associated with spadix, large, sometimes coloured; each spathe enclosing clusters of flowers in two rows remains enclosed by spathe, uniparous cyme arrangement. Flowers: Large, brightly coloured, usually trimerous, unisexual, when bisexual male flowers develop at the upper end of inflorescence and female flowers in lower bract, epigynous, zygomorphic, incomplete, honey present. Perianth: No separate calyx and corolla, tepals – 5 arranged in two rows of three each, or coherent, petaloid, superior. In Musa sp, 5 tepals unite to form a tubular structure whereas boat shaped sixth posterior tepal is free. Androecium: Stamens - 6, 5 fertile and one posterior stamen absent or staminode (Musa), (Ravenala sp – all 6 fertile), free, filiform filament, anthers dithecous, introrse. Gynoecium: Carpels - 3, united, inferior and trilocular ovary, ovule one and basal (Heliconia) or numerous, axile placentation, single style, filiform, 3 lobes in stigma. Nectary is associated with male flower. Fruit: Berry (Musa) or capsule (Ravenala) or schizocarpic (Heliconia), in bunches. Seed: Hard, of deep colours, maybe endospermic or non-endospermic, perisperm is yellowish , absent in some cases. Economic Importance of Musaceae: 1. Food: Musa paradisiaca, banana eaten as fruit when ripe or as vegetable when green. 2. Medicinal: M. paradisiacal- Roots and stems (blood tonic, veneral diseases) Juice of flowers (Dysentry) Sap of stem (Nervous disease- hysteria, epilepsy) 3. Fibre: Fibre manila hemp or abaca extracted from Musa textilis. 4. Industrial: The ash of dried fruit skin of Musa sapientum, abundant in potash, used in soap industry. 5. Other: Leaves of Musa as plates used in South India. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Promecothecini Chapuis 1875 Promecothecites Chapuis 1875:300
Tribe Promecothecini Chapuis 1875 Promecothecites Chapuis 1875:300. Handlirsch 1925:666 (classification); Gressitt 1950:81 (China species). Promecothecini Chapuis. Würmli 1975a:45 (genera); Bouchard et al. 2011:78, 518 (nomenclature); Liao et al. 2015:162 (host plants). Promecothecini Weise 1911a:78. Weise 1911b:81 (redescription); Zacher 1913:103 (key); Handlirsch 1925:666 (classification); Uhmann 1931i:848 (museum list), 1940g:121 (claws), 1951a:31 (museum list), 1958e:222 (catalog), 1959d:8 (scutellum), 1964a:458 (catalog), 1964(1965):241 (faunal list), 1966d:275 (note); Bryant 1936:256 (faunal list); Liu 1936:249 (China species); Wu 1937:912 (faunal list); Gressitt 1939c:133 (distribution), 1957b:279 (South Pacific species), 1970:71 (Fiji species); Gressitt & Kimoto 1963a:905 (China species); Seeno & Wilcox 1982:164 (catalog); Jolivet 1988b:13 (host plants), 1989b:310 (host plants); Jolivet & Hawkeswood 1995:154 (host plants); Cox 1996a:172 (pupae); Mohamedsaid 2004:169 (Malaysian species); Staines 2004a:317 (host plants); Chaboo 2007:183 (phylogeny). Type genus:Promecotheca Blanchard. Promecispa Weise 1909 Promecispa Weise 1909:112. Type species:Promecispa voeltzkowi Weise 1909 by monotypy. Weise 1910d:442, 501 (faunal list), 1911a:53 (catalog), 1911b:80 (redescription); Uhmann 1931i:848 (museum list), 1958e:223 (catalog); Würmli 1975a:46 (genera); Seeno & Wilcox 1982:164 (catalog). Promecispa voeltzkowi Weise 1909 Promecispa voeltzkowi Weise 1909:112 (type:Madagascar, Kinkuni, ZMHB). Weise 1910d:442, 501 (faunal list), 1911a:53 (catalog), 1911b:80 (catalog); Uhmann 1931i:848 (type), 1958e:223 (catalog). Distribution. Madagascar. Food plant. Unknown. Promecotheca Blanchard 1853 Promecotheca Dejean 1837:387 Nomen Nudum. Guérin-Méneville 1840b:334 (note). Promecotheca Blanchard 1853:312. Type species:Hispa cyanipes Erichson 1834, designated by Baly 1858.
[Show full text]
Strelitzia Nicolai (Strelitziaceae): a New Species, Genus and Family Weed Record for New South Wales
Volume 20: 1–3 ELOPEA Publication date: 30 January 2017 T dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea11022 Journal of Plant Systematics plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/Telopea • escholarship.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/TEL • ISSN 0312-9764 (Print) • ISSN 2200-4025 (Online) Strelitzia nicolai (Strelitziaceae): a new species, genus and family weed record for New South Wales Marco F Duretto1,4, Seanna McCune1, Reece Luxton2 and Dennis Milne3 1National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. 2Clarence Valley Council, Locked Bag 23, Grafton, NSW 2460, Australia. 3Yuraygir Landcare, Minnie Water, NSW 2462, Australia. 4Author for correspondence: [email protected] Abstract Strelitzia nicolai Regel & Körn. (Strelitziaceae), a native of South Africa, is newly recorded as a sparingly naturalised weed for New South Wales and represents new family, generic and species records for the state. Descriptions, notes and identification key are provided for the family, genus and species. Introduction Strelitzia nicolai Regel & Körn. (Giant White Bird of Paradise or Natal Wild Banana; Strelitziaceae), a native of South Africa, is a common horticultural subject in eastern Australia. Recently a small colony of plants was discovered at Minnie Water (c. 60 km NNE of Coffs Harbour, North Coast, New South Wales). The colony is of note as some plants were 8 m tall (suggesting they had been there for some time) and that they were setting viable seed. Seedlings were found within this population and Milne and Luxton have observed that the species is being found in increasing numbers on council land and in National Parks of the area.
[Show full text]
Bird-Of-Paradise
Cooperative Extension Service Ornamentals and Flowers Nov. 1998 OF-27 Bird-of-Paradise ird-of-paradise (Strelitzia Planting, care, maintenance B reginae) gets its name from Bird-of-paradise produces the its unique flower, which re most flowers when grown in full sembles the head of a brightly col sun, although the leaves are darker ored tropical bird. It is also called green when it is grown in light the crane flower. This slow grow shade. It is salt tolerant and will ing, evergreen perennial is native grow in most soils, but it thrives to the subtropical coasts of south in rich soils with good drainage. ern Africa and is widely grown in The plant tends to produce more warm regions. flowers along the periphery of the The bird-of-paradise develops slowly by division clump, and plant spacing of 6 ft or more apart is needed of its underground stem and has a trunkless, clump for good flowering. Bird-of-paradise flowers through forming pattern of growth. A mature clump stands 4–5 out the year at lower elevations in Hawaii, but it is more feet high and spans 3–5 feet in width. The thick, stiff prolific in late spring and summer. Liberal watering dur leaves are about 6 inches wide and 18 inches long and ing the winter will encourage it to grow more profusely arise from the base of the clump in a fan-like pattern. and ensure good flower production during the summer They are grayish green, smooth, and waxy, resembling months. Dead flowers and leaves remain on the plant small banana leaves on longer petioles.
[Show full text]
Supplementary Material: the Role of Vegetation in the CO2 Flux from a Tropical Urban Neighbourhood
Supplementary material: The role of vegetation in the CO2 flux from a tropical urban neighbourhood Erik Velasco1, Matthias Roth2, Sok Huang Tan2, Michelle Quak2, Seth D.A. Nabarro3 and Leslie Norford1 1Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Center for Environmental Sensing and Modeling (CENSAM), Singapore. 2Department of Geography, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore. 3Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, UK. Figure S1. Land cover within a 1000-m radius centered on the EC tower. Impervious surfaces include parking lots and other surface covered by concrete or asphalt. Figure S2. Cumulative probability density distribution of height of trees and buildings within a radius of 500 and 350 m, respectively centered on the EC tower. Markers and dotted lines indicate average height of trees and buildings. 80% of the trees and buildings have heights below 9.8 and 12.8 m, respectively. Heights were measured using a laser rangefinder (TruPulse 200; Laser Tech Inc.) with an accuracy of ±30 cm for targets at a distance of 75 m. 1 Figure S3. Photograph of the flux tower and EC system (inset). The azimuth orientation of the sonic anemometer corresponds to the main wind direction of the prevailing monsoon season (180° or 30°). 2 Figure S4. Composite (co)spectra of (a) virtual temperature (b) CO2, and fluxes of (c) sensible heat and (d) CO2, for three stability ranges (unstable: z'/L < -0.1, near neutral: -0.1 ≤ z'/L < 0.1, and stable: z'/L ≥ 0.1. L is Obukhov length and z' is effective measurement height (z' = zm – zd)). Results are based on 818 30-min periods with at least 17,700 10 Hz data points each, measured between 2-22 February 2012.
[Show full text]
Bilirubin: an Animal Pigment in the Zingiberales and Diverse Angiosperm Orders Cary L
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-5-2010 Bilirubin: an Animal Pigment in the Zingiberales and Diverse Angiosperm Orders Cary L. Pirone Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI10122201 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Biochemistry Commons, and the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Pirone, Cary L., "Bilirubin: an Animal Pigment in the Zingiberales and Diverse Angiosperm Orders" (2010). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 336. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/336 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida BILIRUBIN: AN ANIMAL PIGMENT IN THE ZINGIBERALES AND DIVERSE ANGIOSPERM ORDERS A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BIOLOGY by Cary Lunsford Pirone 2010 To: Dean Kenneth G. Furton College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Cary Lunsford Pirone, and entitled Bilirubin: An Animal Pigment in the Zingiberales and Diverse Angiosperm Orders, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. ______________________________________ Bradley C. Bennett ______________________________________ Timothy M. Collins ______________________________________ Maureen A. Donnelly ______________________________________ John. T. Landrum ______________________________________ J. Martin Quirke ______________________________________ David W. Lee, Major Professor Date of Defense: November 5, 2010 The dissertation of Cary Lunsford Pirone is approved.
[Show full text]
The Evolutionary and Biogeographic Origin and Diversification of the Tropical Monocot Order Zingiberales
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 49 2006 The volutE ionary and Biogeographic Origin and Diversification of the Tropical Monocot Order Zingiberales W. John Kress Smithsonian Institution Chelsea D. Specht Smithsonian Institution; University of California, Berkeley Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Kress, W. John and Specht, Chelsea D. (2006) "The vE olutionary and Biogeographic Origin and Diversification of the Tropical Monocot Order Zingiberales," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 49. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/49 Zingiberales MONOCOTS Comparative Biology and Evolution Excluding Poales Aliso 22, pp. 621-632 © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden THE EVOLUTIONARY AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN AND DIVERSIFICATION OF THE TROPICAL MONOCOT ORDER ZINGIBERALES W. JOHN KRESS 1 AND CHELSEA D. SPECHT2 Department of Botany, MRC-166, United States National Herbarium, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA 1Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Zingiberales are a primarily tropical lineage of monocots. The current pantropical distribution of the order suggests an historical Gondwanan distribution, however the evolutionary history of the group has never been analyzed in a temporal context to test if the order is old enough to attribute its current distribution to vicariance mediated by the break-up of the supercontinent. Based on a phylogeny derived from morphological and molecular characters, we develop a hypothesis for the spatial and temporal evolution of Zingiberales using Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (DIVA) combined with a local molecular clock technique that enables the simultaneous analysis of multiple gene loci with multiple calibration points.
[Show full text]
Exotic Species and Temporal Variation in Hawaiian Floral Visitation Networks
Exotic Species and Temporal Variation in Hawaiian Floral Visitation Networks By Jennifer Lynn Imamura A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, Policy, and Management in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor George Roderick, Chair Professor Claire Kremen Professor Bruce Baldwin Spring 2019 Abstract Exotic Species and Temporal Variation in Hawaiian Floral Visitation Networks by Jennifer Lynn Imamura Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California, Berkeley Professor George Roderick, Chair Many studies have documented the negative impact of invasive species on populations, communities, and ecosystems, although most have focused solely on antagonistic rather than mutualistic interactions. For mutualistic interactions, such as pollination, a key to understanding their impacts is how invasive species interact with native species and alter interaction networks. Chapter 1 explores the impacts of invasive species on islands, particularly in regard to plants, pollinators, and how these exotic species attach to existing pollination interaction networks. Island pollination networks differ from mainland counterparts in several important characteristics, including fewer species, more connectance, and increased vulnerability to both invasion and extinction. A progression of invasion has been previously proposed, through which supergeneralist native species
[Show full text]
Red Palm Mite)
Crop Protection Compendium Datasheet report for Raoiella indica (red palm mite) Top of page Pictures Picture Title Caption Copyright Adult The red palm mite (Raoiella indica), an invasive species in the Caribbean, may threaten USDA- mite several important palms found in the southern USA. (Original magnified approx. 300x.) ARS Photo by Eric Erbe; Digital colourization by Chris Pooley. Colony Colony of red palm mites (Raoiella indica) on coconut leaflet, from India. Bryony of Taylor mites Colony Close-up of a colony of red palm mites (Raoiella indica) on coconut leaflet, from India. Bryony of Taylor mites Top of page Identity Preferred Scientific Name Raoiella indica Hirst (1924) Preferred Common Name red palm mite International Common Names English: coconut red mite; frond crimson mite; leaflet false spider mite; red date palm mite; scarlet mite EPPO code RAOIIN (Raoiella indica) Top of page Taxonomic Tree Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Metazoa Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Subclass: Acari Superorder: Acariformes Suborder: Prostigmata Family: Tenuipalpidae Genus: Raoiella Species: Raoiella indica / Top of page Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature R. indica was first described in the district of Coimbatore (India) by Hirst in 1924 on coconut leaflets [Cocos nucifera]. A comprehensive taxonomic review of the genus and species was carried out by Mesa et al. (2009), which lists all suspected junior synonyms of R. indica, including Raoiella camur (Chaudhri and Akbar), Raoiella empedos (Chaudhri and Akbar), Raoiella obelias (Hasan and Akbar), Raoiella pandanae (Mohanasundaram), Raoiella phoenica (Meyer) and Raoiella rahii (Akbar and Chaudhri). The review also highlighted synonymy with Rarosiella cocosae found on coconut in the Philippines.
[Show full text]
Giant Bird-Of-Paradise (Strelitzia Nicolai)
SEPTEMBER 2014 TM YOUR ALERT TO NEW AND EMERGING THREATS. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. Clumping habit. 2. Large leaves in a fan-shaped arrangement. 3. Flowers. 4. Mature fruit capsules with seeds. Giant Bird-of-Paradise (Strelitzia nicolai) Quick Facts SHRUB Introduced Not Declared > Large clump-forming plant that Giant Bird-of-Paradise is a member of the Strelitziaceae plant family resembles a banana tree and is native to southern Africa. It is cultivated as a garden ornamental > Massive leaves arranged like a fan at and is emerging as a weed of rainforests, wetlands and riparian the top of the stems vegetation in sub-tropical Australia. > Large blue and white flowers that resemble the head of a bird. Distribution > Black seeds with a bright orange The first naturalised record of this species in Australia was in 2001, when several young plants were woolly aril found growing at Mount Nebo north-west of Brisbane. Since then several further populations have been recorded at Mount Glorious and in the D’Aguilar Range. There have also been a few populations recorded in conservation areas in the southern suburbs of Brisbane and on the Gold Coast. Habitat This species has been recorded growing in the A single population has also been recorded along Darling Mills Creek in the northern suburbs of understorey of wet sclerophyll forest and sub- Sydney. tropical rainforest at higher altitudes in the ranges west of Brisbane. It has also been recorded from Description riparian vegetation, open forests and paperbark Giant Bird-of-Paradise is a large clump-forming plant that resembles a banana tree.
[Show full text]
Université De La Réunion Campus Du Moufia Island Biology 2019 International Conference on Island Evolution, Ecology and Conservation - La Réunion 8-13 July
GUIDE Université de la Réunion Campus du Moufia Island Biology 2019 International Conference on Island Evolution, Ecology and Conservation - La Réunion 8-13 July 2 Island Biology 2019 International Conference on Island Evolution, Ecology and Conservation - La Réunion 8-13 July CONFERENCE CHAIRS Claudine AH-PENG Dominique STRASBERG ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Claudine AH-PENG Logistic support: Research Dominique STRASBERG and Development head of the Olivier FLORES University of La Réunion / Nexa / Design System / Even&Sciences SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE • Dr. Ah-Peng Claudine, University of La Réunion, • Pr. Lecorre Matthieu, University of La Réunion, France France • Dr. Baider Claudia, Herbarium of Mauritius • Dr. Lequette Benoit, National Park of La Ministry of Agriculture, Mauritius Réunion, France • Dr. Becker Nathalie, Muséum National d’Histoire • Dr. Marteau Cédric, Terres Australes et Naturelle, France Antarctiques Françaises, France • Dr. Borges Paulo, University of Azores, Portugal • Dr. Martos Florent, Muséum National d’Histoire • Dr. Chabanet Pascale, IRD Réunion, France Naturelle, France • Pr. Drake Don, University of Hawaii, United • Dr. Meyer Jean-Yves, Gouvernement de States Polynésie Française, France • Pr. Fernandez-Palacios José Maria, University • Dr. Radjassegarane Soudjata, La Région of La Laguna, Spain Réunion, France • Dr. Florens Vincent, University of Mauritius, • Dr. Rouget Mathieu, CIRAD, France Mauritius • Pr. Strasberg Dominique, University of La • Dr. Flores Olivier, University of La Réunion, Réunion, France France • Pr.
[Show full text]
Bird-Of-Paradise1 Sydney Park Brown and Robert J
ENH79 Bird-of-Paradise1 Sydney Park Brown and Robert J. Black2 Description Bird-of-paradise or crane flower (Strelitzia reginae) is a native of South Africa and is closely related to the banana. The herbaceous plant derives its common names from the unique flower it bears, which resembles a brightly colored bird in flight (Figure 1). The leathery leaves are held upright on stiff leafstalks and are about 6 inches wide and 18 inches long. The plant forms a 3- to 5-foot-tall clump that can be used as a focal point in the landscape (Figure 2) or in mass plantings. The evergreen leaves of bird-of-paradise do not drop from the plant, which makes it an excellent addition around pools or wherever shedding leaves are an aesthetic and/or maintenance problem. Figure 2. Bird-of-Paradise plants make a handsome focal point in the landscape. Credits: iStock Bird-of-paradise makes an attractive landscape plant throughout Florida although it requires cold protection in the northern part of the state. The plant will tolerate temperatures as low as 24°F for a short time; however, freezing temperatures will damage developing flower buds and flowers. To ensure flower production in north Florida, grow bird-of-paradise in a container that can be moved indoors during freezes. The showy bloom is actually a combination of blue petals and orange sepals that emerge from a beak-like bract Figure 1. Flower of bird-of-paradise. (modified leaf). Blooms appear intermittently most of the Credits: Design Pics 1. This document is ENH-79, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension.
[Show full text]
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences
ISSN: 0975-8585 Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Reproductive biology of Strelitzia nicolai and Strelitzia reginae in the conditions of a greenhouse. Mikhail Sergeevich Yamburov*, Tatiana Petrovna Astafurova, Elena Yurievna Zharnakhova, Svetlana Borisovna Romanova, Valentina Mikhailovna Smolina, and Lyubov Vitalievna Khotskova. The Siberian Botanic Garden of the Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia. ABSTRACT The performed study of the reproductive biology of Strelitzia nicolai and S. reginae has shown that in the conditions of a greenhouse, the flowering of inflorescences and the anthesis of flowers considerably increases. Both species feature high reproductive potential: in the flowers of S. nicolai, 30-40 ovules are formed, each anther produces about 60,000 pollen grains, the fertility of the pollen is 78%; in the flowers of S. reginae, 60-80 ovules are formed, each anther produces about 20,000 pollen grains, and the fertility of the pollen is 93%. The high reproductive potential of both species in the conditions of a greenhouse is not materialized due to high specialization of the flowers, which hinders self-pollination. Self-pollination occurs in 2% of S. nicolai flowers, and only one seed is formed in the fruit. In S. reginae, self-pollination occurs more frequently, in 7% of flowers, with only 5% of the ovules developing into proper seeds. It is assumed that flowers are randomly geitonogamously pollinated by the pollen from other flowers in the same inflorescence. Performing one-time artificial pollination of flowers increased seed production by both species. The paper also shows the data about germination of fresh seeds and dry-stored seeds after 12 months storage.
[Show full text]