International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(6), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com Profile of Women Entrepreneurs in Tiruchirapalli 1Dr.C.Paramasivan and 2,3S.Subathra 1,2Assistant Professor, 3Part-Time Ph.D. Research Scholar, 1,3PG & Research Department of Commerce, Periyar E.V.R.College (Autonomous), , 2Chidambarampillai College for Women , Mannachanallur, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu,

Abstract-- Women entrepreneurship has gained momentum in According to Kamala Singh, “a women entrepreneur is a the last three decades with the increase in number of women confident, innovative and creative woman capable of achieving enterprises and their substantive contribution to economic economic independence individually or in collaboration growth. Growth of women entrepreneurship leads to promote generates employment opportunities for others through the socio –economic development of the country which initiating establishing and running an enterprise by keeping concentrates the sustainable development. Tiruchirappalli may pace with her personal, family and social life.” well be termed as one of the prominent educational and fast According to Medha Dubhanshi Vinze, “a women developing industrial centres of Tamil Nadu. This study entrepreneur is a person who is an enterprising individual with analysed the profile of women entrepreneurs in Tiruchirapalli an eye for opportunities and an uncanny vision, Commercial district in Tamil Nadu. acumen, with tremendous perseverance and above all a person Key Words-- Women Entrepreneur, District Industries Centre, who is willing to take risk with the unknown because of the Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme, adventures spirit she possesses.” Unemployed Youth Employment Generation Programme, III. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Small Industries Service Institute. Jayakumr and Vincentsahayaraj (2015) had specified that I. INTRODUCTION women entrepreneurs are doing the micro scale of operation Tamilnadu is one of the well-developed states in terms of particularly in the trades and services of tailoring, beauty industrial development. In Tamilnadu each city has its own set clinic, fancy stores, petty shops, food based products, of products that are manufactured by women entrepreneurs readymade garments, etc. The DIC in Tiruchirapalli should using indigenous skills. In the manufacturing sector, women identify skilled women who did not take up any employment worked as beedi makers and as manual labour for cotton and motivate them to take up home based entrepreneurial textiles, fish, food processing and match industry. A few were activities related to their skills. However the banks should involved in the manufacturing of electronic and electrical provide credit at reasonable interest without insisting on goods. collateral security in the form of physical assets. The government should design a suitable scheme to attract women Women entrepreneurship has gained momentum in the last towards entrepreneurship and to keep their enterprises to three decades with the increase in the number of women survive. enterprises and their substantive contribution to economic growth. The support organization like DIC, DRDA, Small Laxmi B Parab and Hyderabad R L (2014) had examined that Industries Service Institute (SISI), Khadi and Village the women entrepreneurs are having awareness and they have Industries Board (KVIB) etc. operating in the district provide availed the benefits of the Government programmes. required inputs to the entrepreneurs in the micro small and Institutions should also lay more emphasis in providing quality medium and also in village industrial sectors. The District improvement through the adoption of latest technology and Industries Centre in Tiruchirapalli is helping the people to do utilization of modern human resource management practices in both Small Scale Industry provisional and permanent imparting necessary training to sample women entrepreneurs. registration. The industrial performance of Asia-Pacific region At the same time, efforts may be made by the authorities to propelled by Foreign Direct Investment, technological solve the problems and suitable steps taken to provide the innovations and manufactured exports has brought a wide needful assistance. However such measures strengthen the range of economic and social opportunities to women movement of women entrepreneurs. entrepreneurs. is one of the districts in Santhi M and Nagananthini N (2014) had focused the role and Tamilnadu. This study depicts the profile of women involvement of Government agencies and financial institutions entrepreneurs in this city. in the development of women entrepreneurship in Madurai II. WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS District. There was gradual increase in availing subsidy by women entrepreneurs during the period of three years from "Women Entrepreneur" is a person who accepts challenging 2009 to 2012. Public sector loan disbursal to women role to meet her personal needs and become economically entrepreneurs was relatively higher than loan from other independent. The Government of India has defined women financial institutions. Women entrepreneurs had attended entrepreneurs as an enterprise owned and controlled by women Entrepreneurship Development Programme training and Skill having a minimum financial interest of 51 per cent of the Up-grading Programmes. Thus large number of women capital and giving at least 51 per cent of the employment entrepreneurs had taken term loan and working capital generated in the enterprise to women. In the simplest sense, assistance under the single window scheme. So that women entrepreneurs are those women who take the lead and Government should take steps to up-grade women organize the business or industry and provide employment to entrepreneurs. others. Entrepreneurship development among rural women helps to enhance their personal capabilities and increase Senthil Kumar et al. (2012) had analysed the future challenges decision making status in the family and society as a whole. of Women entrepreneurs and also had identified certain special factors which need to be considered for promoting female

IJTRD | Nov-Dec 2016 Available [email protected] 507 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(6), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com entrepreneurship in Perambalur district of Tamil Nadu. The Tiruchirappalli may well be termed as one of the prominent majority of the respondents are falling in the age group of 25- educational and fast developing industrial centres of Tamil 50 years. It shows that as the age increases the thrust for Nadu. This district is well connected by road, air and rail. It entrepreneurship decreases. The women entrepreneurs have has good network of post, telegraph and telephone facilities. started their small business units like petty shop, tailoring, The support organization like DIC, DRDA, Small Industries hotel due to poverty situation, self-confidence and training. Service Institute (SISI), Khadi and Village Industries Board Moreover women entrepreneurship must be molded properly (KIVIB) etc. operating in the district provide required inputs to with entrepreneurial traits and skills to meet the changes in the entrepreneurs in the micro small and medium and also in trends, challenges global markets and also be competent village industrial sectors. The district is ranked in the second enough to sustain and strive for excellence in the place in implementing the state government development entrepreneurial arena. programmes. Swarna Jayanthi Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) is one of the programmes implemented in the district. IV. PROFILE OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS The programme is intended to help women entrepreneurs in the district.

Table 1: Census Report As per 2011 census India TamilNadu Tiruchirapalli Population 1210193422 72138958 2722290

Male 623724248 36158871 1352284

Female 586469174 35980087 1370006 Female Literacy Rate 65.46% 73.86% 76.87% Female Literates 334250358 24098521 951216 Sources: Population Census Report-2011 As per 2011 census, women population are 1370006 out of In Tiruchirappalli District Most Backward blocks and 2722290 in Tiruchirappalli District. The female literacy rate is Backward blocks can avail 20% and 15% of the State Capital 76.87%. Even the girls in villages are educated like their Subsidy respectively. The taluks included in most backward counterparts in cities, because each village has significant blocks are Marungapuri, Uppiliapuram,Vaiyampatti. The number of Government, Government Aided Schools and taluks included in backward blocks are , private schools at secondary and senior secondary levels. Also, Manikandam, , Thathaiyangarpet, Thiruverambur, college based education can be imparted to them in cities, Only Mannachanallur, Thottiam and Musiri. The District Industries difficulty is that they have to travel to the cities to get educated Centre is helping the people to do both Small Scale Industry in both under graduation and post graduation courses. Also, provisional and permanent registration. their exposure to the latest trends in any field has increased to VI. PRIME MINISTER’S EMPLOYMENT the greater extent. Nowadays, parents do not show GENERATION PROGRAMME(PMEGP) discrimination in educating children of both genders. Since, literacy rate is high, girl children opting for IT related jobs and The Government of India has approved the introduction of a entrepreneurship related activities have increased largely. new credit linked subsidy programme called Prime Minister’s Internet plays a major role in giving the details about the Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) by merging the various beneficiary schemes available to establish a business. two schemes that were in operation till 31.03.2008 namely Ultimately they can become job developers rather than job Prime Minister’s Rojgar Yojana (PMRY) and Rural seekers. Employment Generation Programme (REGP) for generation of employment opportunities through establishment of micro V. DISTRICT INDUSTRIES CENTRE enterprises in rural as well as urban areas. PMEGP will be a District Industries Centers is the institution at the district level central sector scheme to be administered by the Ministry of which provides all the services and support facilities to the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MoMSME). The entrepreneurs for setting up small and village industries. DIC Scheme will be implemented by Khadi and Village Industries identification suitable schemes for SSI units, preparation of Commission (KVIC), a statutory organization under the feasibility reports, arranging for credit, machinery and administrative control of the Ministry of MSME as the single equipment, provision of raw materials and other extension nodal agency at the National level. At the State level, the services are the main activities undertaken by these centers. Scheme will be implemented through State KVIC Directorates, State Khadi and Village Industries Boards (KVIBs) and It has been set up to render all assistances under one roof to the District Industries Centres (DICs) and banks. potential entrepreneurs for starting their own industries. Their main activities are Registration of SSI units (Permanent/ The maximum cost of the project or unit admissible under Provisional), Implementation of Prime Minister's Rozgar manufacturing sector is Rs.25 lakh and under business or Yojana, granting of Subsidies to SSI units. Marketing service sector is Rs.10 lakh. The balance amount of the total assistance through SIDCO, TANSI, TALCO, Rehabilitation of project cost will be provided by the banks as term loan as well sick SSI units, Recommendation of loan applications to banks as working capital. In this scheme the DIC provided loan and under KVIC Scheme, Distribution of Project profiles among subsidy to people. entrepreneurs and Training in Entrepreneurship Development.

IJTRD | Nov-Dec 2016 Available [email protected] 508 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(6), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com Table-2 Application Registered under PMEGP Year Total Women Entrepreneurs Men Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs Number Percentage Number Percentage 2013-2014 99 28 28 71 72 2014-2015 124 47 38 77 62 2015-2016 108 40 37 68 37 Sources: DIC Tiruchirappalli Table 2 indicates that Application registered under the scheme be availed from banks as loan. The age relaxation upto 45 of Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme in years is provided for women entrepreneurs. This scheme is District Industries Centre in Tiruchirappalli District. In the providing seven days training in entrepreneurship development year 2013-2014, 99 entrepreneurs have registered under this to women entrepreneurs. Exhibitions are also conducted to scheme for getting loan and subsidy from Central Government. facilitate buyers and sellers to interact. In the same year, 28 women entrepreneurs have applied for The Government of Tamilnadu has provided 15% subsidy to loan and subsidy. In the year 2014-2015 the total number of women entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurs are required to entrepreneurs registered under this scheme was 124 which submit the project proposals worth 5 lakhs for manufacturing included 47 women entrepreneurs. In 2015-2016, the DIC has enterprises, 3 lakhs for service enterprises and 1 lakh for received and registered 108 applications under the scheme trading business. PMEGP and finished their target in the month of October. In this year 40 women entrepreneurs have registered for loan and Table 3 indicates the details of the Applications registered subsidy. This table shows substantial increase in the number of under the scheme of Unemployed Youth Employment women opting to become entrepreneurs over the years. Generation Programme in District Industries Centre in Tiruchirappalli. In the year 2012-2013, out of 219 VII. UNEMPLOYED YOUTH EMPLOYMENT entrepreneurs, a substantially good number of women GENERATION PROGRAMME (UYEGP) entrepreneurs have registered under this scheme for getting The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Department, the loan and subsidy from the Government to start their business Government of TamilNadu had introduced a scheme called as compared to their male counterparts. In the year 2013-2014 Unemployed Youth Employment Generation Programme. The the total number of entrepreneurs registered under this scheme main objective of this scheme is to mitigate the unemployment was 204 which included 61 women entrepreneurs. In 2014- problems of socially and economically backward people in the 2015, 37 percent of women entrepreneurs have registered and society. Any individual can avail the loan and subsidy under got loan and subsidy to start the ventures. From this table, it is this scheme. understood that the participation of women in entrepreneurial activity is much higher in the year 2012-2013 as compared to The women entrepreneurs can contribute only 5 percent of the the succeeding years 2013-14 and 2014-15. project value to start their ventures, remaining 95 percent can

Table 3: Registered under UYEGP Year Total Men Entrepreneurs Women Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs Number Percentage Number Percentage 2012-2013 219 131 60 88 40 2013-2014 204 143 70 61 30 2014-2015 180 114 63 66 37

Sources: DIC Tiruchirappalli Table 4: Category-wise Analysis of Women Entrepreneurs Year Total BC MBC SC Minority WomenEn & Others trepr- No. % No. % No. % No. % eneurs 2012-2013 88 51 58 19 22 11 12 07 08 2013-2014 61 33 54 15 25 08 13 05 08 2014-2015 66 38 57 09 14 12 18 07 11 Sources: DIC Tiruchirappalli Table 4 indicates the details of the Category wise Analysis of category respectively. In the year 2013-2014, 54% of women Women Entrepreneurs and distribution is made on community entrepreneurs belong to Backward Classes, 25% of women basis who have applied and registered under the scheme entrepreneurs belong to Most Backward Classes, 13% of UYEGP. In the year 2012-2013, 58%, 22%, 12% and 8% of women entrepreneurs belong to Scheduled Classes, and 8% of women entrepreneurs belong to Backward Classes, Most women entrepreneurs belong to Minority & other category. In Backward Classes, Scheduled Classes and Minority & other the year 2014-2015, 38, 09, 12 and 07 women entrepreneurs

IJTRD | Nov-Dec 2016 Available [email protected] 509 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(6), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com belong to BC community, MBC community, SC community profession. It also indicates that the more women entrepreneurs and Minority & other category respectively. From this table it are engaged or involved themselves in taking tailoring as their is understood that the majority of women entrepreneurs belong common profession in the year 2012-2013. More number of to BC community who have registered and sanctioned loan and women entrepreneurs is taking up the manufacturing of subsidy under the UYEGP scheme. There has been substantial readymade garments as their profitable profession in the year increase in the number of women opting to become 2013-2014. In the year 2014-2015, more number of women entrepreneurs over the years for SC community. entrepreneurs has considered Thanjavur paintings as their profession because most of the people have started buying Table 5 illustrates the details of Women Entrepreneurs these paintings for gifting the relatives, friends and guests. So, registered under the UYEGP scheme in terms of their it has become the most promising and profitable profession.

Table-5 Profession-wise Analysis of Women Entrepreneurs Year Total Wax candle Ready Paper/ Tailoring Beauty Thanjavur Mfg. -made Areca Parlour Painting garments leaf Plate Mfg. Mfg. No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % 2012-2013 88 5 6 5 6 4 5 13 15 5 6 0 0 2013-2014 61 2 3 9 15 7 11 7 11 1 2 0 0 2014-2015 66 2 2 3 3 1 2 6 9 2 3 11 17 Sources: DIC Tiruchirappalli

CONCLUSION [2] Rajaram, S. "MICRO INSURANCE –A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS." International Journal of Tiruchirappalli District has good educational institutional Recent Scientific Research 7.5 (2016): 20-22. framework. High literacy rate in this city shows that huge [3] Jayakumr and Vincentsahayaraj. (2015). Study on education facilities available in and around the city. Because of Women Entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli District of education, women are aware of various beneficiary schemes Tamilnadu, International Journal in Management and which are applicable to establish and develop the business. Social Science, Vol.03, Issue-03, pp.12-21. Various institutions and schemes from the Government are [4] Laxmi B Parab and Hyderabad R L. (2014). State and helping to develop women entrepreneurship in this city. Institutional Support for Women entrepreneurship Women entrepreneurship is increased and women are Development: A study of Dharwad District in developed their business for the utilization of these schemes. Karnataka State, Pacific Business Review In Trichy, women entrepreneurs are involved more in service International, Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp. 56-64. based professions like tailoring, beauty parlour, Thanjavur [5] Santhi M and Nagananthini N. (2014). Role and painting, boutiques, etc. Thus the hidden entrepreneurial Involvement of Government Agencies and Financial potentials of women have gradually been changing with the Institutions in the Development of Women growing sensitivity to their role and economic status in the Entrepreneurs in Madurai District, SMART Journal of society. But they are showing their ability in micro level of Business Management Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 61- production only. They produced ready-made manufacturing, 69. areca-plate manufacturing, wax candle manufacturing, food [6] Senthil Kumar. Vasantha and Varadharajan. (2012). items manufacturing etc. The overall economy is developed in Role of Women Entrepreneurs in Perambalur District faster rate through this micro women entrepreneurs in this city. (Tamil Nadu), Asian Academic Research Journal of References Multidisciplinary, Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 12-27. [7] Vasanthagopal R and Santha S, “Women [1] Dr.C. Paramasivan, S.Rajaram "Jeevan Mangal Micro Entrepreneurship in India” New Century Pub. New Insurance in India- A Performance Approach in South Delhi. Zone" Published in International Journal of Trend in [8] www.dic.ac.in, www.msme.in, Research and Development (IJTRD), ISSN: 2394- [9] www.trichyprofile.com 9333, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , April 2016,

IJTRD | Nov-Dec 2016 Available [email protected] 510