DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS TIRUCHIRAPPALLI DISTRICT STATISTICAL HANDBOOK-2017 DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF STATISTICS, TIRUCHIRAPPALLI MAP OF TIRUCHIRAPPALLI CITY PREFACE The District Statistical Hand Book of TIRUCHIRAPPALLI DISTRICT for the year 2015-2016 incorporates Statistical data on subject of topical interest such as Population, Agriculture, Industries, Live Stock, Co-operation, Prices, Education, and Public Health etc. The Statistical Tables presented here, throw light on the achievements made in the respective fields. The data presented have been collected from various Departments of State Government, State sponsored undertakings and central Government Departments. This Hand Book will surely be helpful to have a glance of the District and as reference to Administrators, Planning bodies, Economists, Academicians, Research Scholars and the General Public. I wish to place on records, my sincere thanks to the peerless District Collector, for having suitably instructed the district offices to provide the necessary data required for preparation of this handbook. I also sincerely thank, the co-operation extended by various departments in providing the required data, which helped in bringing this handbook in complete shape. Deputy Director of Statistics Tiruchirappalli. PHYSICAL FEATURES Tiruchirappalli District has an area of 4403.83 Sq. Km stretching between 10 and 11.30 of the Northern Latitude and 78.6856 of the Eastern Longitude. Altitude is 78m above sea level. Bounded by Perambalur District in the North Thanjavur and Pudukkottai in the east, Sivaganga District, Madurai and Dindugal District in the South and Karur District in the west. It is not only an Inland District without any coastal line but also the most centrally located district in the state. The Pachamalai Hill is situated partly in Perambalur District and ThuraiyurTaluk and is the important hill in the District. The Cauvery and Coleroon are the major rivers and there are other small rivers, which are contributed to the irrigation potential of the district. The presence of innumerable streams and river lets in the region drainage has not been a problem for the district. It is subjected to extremes of climates. The normal rainfall works out to 818 mm. SALIENT FEATURES History and Tradition Tiruchirappalli District is with the impress of long history, ancient pilgrim centers, agrarian wealth and modern industry. It has played an important role in the latest history of South India. It was under the rule of CHOLAS right from the Sangam age. Then followed the rise of PANDYA NEDUNCHEZHIAN. This also did not last long and the District was under the PALLAVAS for a brief spell. The District came under the CHOLAS again and remained under supremacy for a long period. With the JAYA SUNDARAPANDYA in 1251, Chola Supremacy in Tiruchirappalli District came to a close and went to the PANDIYAS. Then there was MUSLIM domination and it lasted till 1334-35. In the middle of the 14th Century, the VIJAYANAGAR Ruler defeated the Muslims and brought Tiruchirappalli under their rule. The NAYAK rule began with VISWANATH NAYAK and ended with queen MEENAKSHI. Then there was a brief spell of rule by ARCOT NAWABS. (The great delta city around with the carnatic were of the BRITISH and FRENCH during the beginning of the 18th Century and the Present District was formed). Tiruchirappalli is proved of its cosmopolitan population which is unique for its unity in diversity. Tiruchirappalli is vitally a trade and agriculture center with Metro comforts and Rural base.. The Land marks boost of One Thousand Years of history, glorifying the ancient Tamil Monarchs and have links with mythology too. The District has great culture and historical importance and plays a key role in the economy of the state. Tiruchirappalli known as the Rock City, which is the Geographical Centre of Tamil Nadu lies 320 kms to the South of Chennai and 128kms, from Madurai on the banks of the River Cauvery. It continues to be an important link to major cities and towns with fast growing urban population. A famous landmark is the ROCKFORT, which also houses super Pallava sculpture in the Centre Temple of Rock Fort; Several Churches were built by Danish Missionaries. Also there are splendid Muslim Antiquities and Mosques. It easily connects the other important centresof the State and Nation by Road, Rail and Air. The River Cauvery travels through the Central portion, brings green to the District. Climate is tropical and Tamil is the local spoken language. The economy of the district is essentially agrarian in character. The setting up of BHARATH HEAVY ELECTRICALS at Thiruverambur has provided a base for industrial expansion. AREA: The total geographical area of the district is 4403.83Sq K.M comprising the Revenue Divisions of Trichy, Srirangam, Musiri and lalgudi. The district has 11taluksviz.Tiruchirappalli (East), Tiruchirappalli (West), Thiruverumbur, Srirangam, Manapparai, Marungapuri, Lalgudi, Mannachanallur, Musiri, Thottiyam and Thuraiyur. There are 14Development Blocks and three Municipalities viz. Thuvakkudi, Manapparai and Thuraiyurrepresenting urban sectors along with sixteen Town Panchayats. FOREST AND HILLS: One twelfth of the area of this district is covered by revenue forest and hills. The important hills in this district is Pachamalai near Thuraiyur. SOIL: The red loamy soil is predominantly found here. Manapparai and part of Thuraiyur have red loam soil. The district has also sandy alluvial soil in other parts of the district. CLIMATE AND RAINFALL: The general climate is tropical. The district receives better rainfall from North East monsoon. The total rainfall received during 2015-16 in the district is 259.1 mm. POPULATION: The total population of this district 27,22,290 comprising 1352284 Males and 1370006females as per 2011 census. The urban population is 13,38,033 constituting 49% of the total Population, the remaining 51% ie.1384257 is rural population. The density of the population is 602 per sq.km. The total literate among male are 10,87,765 and that of female are 9,51,216. CROPPING PATTERN: Paddy, Banana, Jowar, Sugarcane, Cotton, Millets and pulses are the major crops cultivated during the current fasli1426 (2016-17). 27067 hectares of paddy, 21913 hectares of Jowar, 11636 hectares of Cotton, 2383 hectares of sugarcane, 7414 hectares of groundnut, 7757 hectares of pulses were cultivated during the year. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION: Tiruchirappalli District is the center of Tamil Nadu State. The city is connecting various southern cities. Tiruchirappalli is an important Junction on the Southern Railway and it is also the Divisional Head Quarters of the Southern Railway. It is connected to all the important towns in South India. Tiruchirappalli has an airport (7 Kms). 94.61 Km of Broad gauge rail transport is available with 18 railway stations in the district for both passenger and goods transportation. As far as road transports nearly, 1400 km of various kinds of roads are laid in the district. The airport has been modernized to international standards. Indian Airlines connects Tiruchirappalli with Srilanka,UAE,Chennai, Madurai, Singapore, Sharjah, Coimbatore, Bangalore and Thiruvanandhapuram. Airlanka also connects with Colombo.The district has one post offices, 481 branch post offices besides 135625 telephone connections. INDUSTRIES: The prominent industries of the district are the Bharath Heavy Electricals Limited at Thiruverumbur, Dalmia Cements Bharath (P) Limited, Kallakkudi, Ordinance Factory, Thiruverumbur and Heavy Alloy Penetration Project (HAPP), Thiruverumbur. IMPORTANT RIVERS / CANALS IRRIGATION SOURCE The Principal purpose of irrigation is to increase agricultural productions by cropping more areas. As for as the irrigation is concerned in this district, the sources are the canals from the river Cauvery, ordinary wells, tanks and tube wells. The river Cauvery and its branch Coleroon are the most important rivers in the District. The other notable rivers are Nandhiyar, Ponnaniyar. The important canals are Pullambadi canal, Pudukkottai canal, KattalaiVaikkal, Uyyakondan, Iyyanvaikkaland PeruvalaiVaikkal. i) The Cauvery and ColeroonRiver :Cauvery, one of the major rivers of South India and Tamil Nadu, flows towards east. In Tiruchirappalli district, the river splits into two branches, the northern branch being called the Coleroon (Kollidam) and the southern branch is called river Cauvery. The total length of the river in this district is about 125 Kms, and the area of river basin extends about 17,200 hectares of land. Ponnaniar, Uppamodai and Siddhayalli reservoir are mainly used for irrigation purpose. ii) Koraiyar River Koraiyar River rises from KaruppurReddiyarpatti hill R.F at an elevation of about 500m. The river carries water from catchment areas of Puttanattam, Viralimalai, Malaikudippatti, Tennalur, Illupur, Kalluppatti, Arur, Kulakkattaigudi, Keeranur and Thuvarankurichi. The catchment area of river is 632 sq.km and the length is 75 km. The entire catchment of the river is covered by a large number of tanks. iii) Ariyar River Ariyar River rises in Manapparai area from PallivelliMukku at an elevation of about 700m. The river carries water from Kadavur and Semmalai reserve forests, Vairampattai, Kulattur and Manapparai areas. The catchment area of the river is about 832 Sq.km. iv) Upper AnicutA dam known as upper Anicut was constructed in 1836 at a place where the Cauvery branches off into two at the west end of Srirangam, to regulate the flow of water in the Cauvery and Coleroon rivers. In its original form, the upper Anicut consisted of a simple masonary dam of 230 meters in length divided into three parts. Below the Grand Anicut, the Cauvery further splits into two, one being called the Cauvery and the other, the Vennar River. These channels are utilised as the main canals for irrigation. v) Grand AnicutKarikalaCholan, an early Chola King, constructed the grand Anicut. It is situated on the northern bank of Cauvery about 16 km east of Tiruchirappalli town and mainly used for irrigation purpose. With regard to water spread area, 75 system tanks and 99 seasonal/ rainfed tanks were found to exist and then covered 5751.14 ha.