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The Academic Journal of St Clements Education Group VERITAS August 2019 ISSN 2307-2806 Special th 10 Anniversary Edition th Editorial: 10 Year Anniversary Edition of “Veritas” Opportunity of Financial Investment in Cambodia Letters to the Editor Democracy in Nigeria: The Climate Change Dogma: “Challenges and Prospects in The Gospel According to Thomas The Next Twenty Years” Malthus The Efficacy of Sustained How Smart Do CEOs Have to Be? Dialogue as a Conflict Management Strategy Great Temples of Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand Nigerian Economic Recession of 2016: Way Forward is Getting Old Libyan Cultural and Social Intervention Agencies to Play Life Their Roles When Things Fall Apart: The Promoting Renewable Energy Decline of Building Construction in Sub-Saharan Africa as a Symptom of Cultural Decay Important disclaimer The publishers, authors and editors are not responsible for the results of any actions on the basis of information in this work, nor for any errors or omissions. The publishers, authors and editors expressly disclaim all and any liability to any person, whether a purchaser of this publication or not, in respect of anything and the consequences of anything, done or omitted to be done by any such person in reliance, in whole or part, on the contents of this publication. The views expressed in this work are not necessarily the official or unanimous view of the office bearers of the St Clements Education Group. Copyright © St Clements Education Group All rights are reserved. No part of this publication shall be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (including but not limited to electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. Please contact admin@stclements.edu if you require permission. VERITAS* is the official Academic Journal of the St Clements Education Group St Clements Institute (Cambodia) www.stclements.edu.kh SCPU Business School / School of Theology (Switzerland) www.scusuisse.ch St Clements University Higher Education School (Niue) www.stclements.edu.nu St Clements University (Somalia) www.stclements.edu.so St Clements University (T&C) www.stclements.edu REGISTERED OFFICE: 2nd Floor Yellowman & Sons Building, Off Old Airport Road, Grand Turk TURKS & CAICOS Islands - British West Indies Reg. No. E 14905 Web Site: www.stclements.edu Email: admin@stclements.edu EDITORIAL TEAM: Editor: Mr Adrian Williams CONTRIBUTIONS: Contributions should be forwarded to Mr Adrian Williams at admin@stclements.edu We accept: Lead Articles Short Papers Summaries of Dissertations & Research Reports Notes Book Reviews Letters to the Editor Please note the Notes to Contributors at the back of this edition COPYRIGHT: The contents of this Journal are covered by normal copyright conditions. Portions of the text may be quoted providing that the Journal No., author’s name, the title of the article and the page number are given. LANGUAGE POLICY: Veritas is an English Language publication and the Editorial Board aims to ensure that contributors use grammatically correct and idiomatically appropriate English language. However, for many of our contributors English is a second and even third language and from time to time a strict language policy is modified to ensure that good articles are not excluded simply because they do not meet the highest English standards. We also hold it to be important that material be not over edited, providing its message is considered to be clear to the majority of our readers. The general objective that Veritas is to create conditions whereby all informed persons are able to contribute to the ongoing debates, regardless of their English language competence and their lack of familiarity with accepted journal protocols. *Veritas is Latin for truth, reality. VERITAS THE ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF ST CLEMENTS EDUCATION GROUP – ISSN 2307-2806 th Special 10 Anniversary Edition August 2019 Source: https://www.firstpost.com/world/10yearchallenge IN THIS ISSUE Editorial: 10th Year Anniversary Edition of “Veritas” – David Le Cornu Letters to the Editor The Climate Change Dogma: The Gospel According to Thomas Malthus – John Potter How Smart Do CEOs Have to Be? – Irving Buchen Great Temples of Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand – George Reiff Old Libyan Cultural and Social Life – Abdullaziz Swei Promoting Renewable Energy in Sub-Saharan Africa – Nya Joe Jacob Opportunity of Financial Investment in Cambodia – Chhiv S. Thet Democracy in Nigeria: “Challenges and Prospects in The Next Twenty Years” – Oyejide Felix Omotosho The Efficacy of Sustained Dialogue as a Conflict Management Strategy – James Chikuni Jerera Nigerian Economic Recession of 2016: Way Forward is Getting Intervention Agencies to Play Their Roles – Gabriel Udendeh When Things Fall Apart: The Decline of Building Construction as a Symptom of Cultural Decay – Kerry Bolton EDITORIAL: 10TH YEAR ANNIVERSARY EDITION OF “VERITAS” Dr David Le Cornu (DBA, DIPFM, MBA, FAICD) This is the 10th Year Anniversary edition of “Veritas”. In this edition are 10 articles from different years of the Journal. The last three years of articles (2015 – 2018) are the John Potter Literacy Award winners. The 2009 – 2014 articles have been selected to demonstrate the range of articles published in “Veritas”. Special thanks go to Dr John Potter whose idea it was to establish “Veritas” and for the first years did all the work in editing articles and setting standards and to his Deputy Editor, Professor Dr Bruce Duncan, whose valuable assistance made “Veritas” a success. “Veritas” currently relies on Mr Adrian Williams to edit and regularly publish it and I recognise his continuous contribution to keeping “Veritas” going. Obviously without the Authors it would cease to exist. I hope you, who receive it, find knowledge in the articles. *Dr David Le Cornu President - St Clements Education Group He can be reached at admin@stclements.edu LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Veritas – Tenth Year Anniversary Edition In 1996, I submitted a paper to a well-known academic educational journal in the USA. A few months later I received a letter from the editor who wrote: “John, this is easily the best paper I have read this year; unfortunately, it does not fit our criteria”. This is not an isolated case – many other scholars have found, like me, that the established journals are closed shops which even English first language contributors find it difficult to penetrate. How much more would English second language writers from Africa, Asia or the Middle East have difficulty in getting something published! When Dr Le Cornu asked me to assist him develop an academic E-journal for St Clement University I had no hesitation is saying “yes”, because I saw it as an opportunity to open doors for academics in developing situations that had important things to say but were prevented from doing so because of the restrictions laid down by existing journal managers. Various names for the journal were suggested but the name “Veritas” (truth) had almost unanimous support. The next step was to establish journal policy in the face of two possible criticisms. Firstly, many articles from the developing world could be viewed as saying things that had been well established in the West for a considerable time. We held that, just as it is an important principle in science that an experiment needs to be repeated numerous times in a variety of situations before a hypothesis can be viewed as proven, the reporting of results from applying proven social theory in different cultures is significant. Secondly, we anticipated that there would be some who would argue that articles were not written in ‘the King’s English’. Our response to that was: ‘if the language is understandable it is adequate’. The first edition of Veritas was published in September 2009. Professor Bruce Duncan and I supervised production for the next four years; other people have carried on our foundational work with skill and commitment. It is a source of continuing satisfaction to me that Veritas is now an established journal and we can be sure that important papers will continue to be published, to the benefit of a much wider range of readers than was the case before Veritas was launched some ten years ago. Dr John Potter Morayfield, Queensland The editors at ‘Veritas’ welcome and encourage any responses to the articles in this publication by way of the LETTERS TO THE EDITOR forum. 0 THE CLIMATE CHANGE DOGMA: THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO THOMAS MALTHUS Dr John S. Potter* (Published in VERITAS – Volume 1 No. 1 September 2009) This paper has been motivated by the claim that the ‘evidence’ not ‘hearsay’. The mean temperature of world is heading for catastrophe as a consequences of the Greenland sheet is -25oC and the Antarctic global warming induced by anthropogenic (man-made) sheet is even colder, so a rise of 0.5oC, or even o carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Predictions of this 2 C, will not cause any melting kind have been common in recent human history. In (www.theaustralian.news.com.,au/story, April 18th the 1960s, a cooling trend encouraged some 2009). climatologists to tell us that we were heading for a new ice age. In the 1980-90s, when the trend was to warmer No evidence that the number of violent weather weather, we were told that we were heading for events have increased over the past twenty years. massive sea rises, increased drought, the wholesale In fact, the number of cyclones and tornadoes has spread of disease and an increased incidence of violent decreased since the 1960/70s weather. The idea that CO2 could cause warming of the (www.bom.gov.au./weather/cyclone) atmosphere hearkens back to Svante Arrhenius, the first Swede to receive a Nobel Prize, although he No evidence that increasing temperatures will quotes Tyndall as having raised the possibility increase the incidence of diseases like malaria.