Vo14, No.1 Numismatic Art of Antiquity JANUARY 1990 $2.00

Roman Africa Vandals issued crude silver and bronze cOinage•

by Ron KolIgaard The great migration of ttibes which The Barbarians who attacked the precipitated the fall of the Western , Roman Empire in the fourth and fifth Empire began with the still unexplained centuries, eventually bringing down the expansion of the Huns, which came to ...J~~ J Western half, were a varied lot, although the attention of the Romans in 376 '_ ' " ~ V~. NDAlS the ultimate goal of most tribes was during the joint reign of Valens (364- ~ G ERM A !:)~ similar: They desired fertile lands on 378), Gratian (375- 383), and which to make their homes . Much of Valentinian n (375-392). As the Huns the land which attracted these tribes lay moved West the loose confederations of within the confi nes of the Empire, Germans were disrupted and the tribes ~~ although this was not necessarily to the were forced to move before the invaders disadvantage af the Romans. Social and and into the Empire. The German economic fac tors, as well as epidemics, tribes, unlike the Huns, had already were depopulating major sections of the become partially Romanized. Most } __ . ~ro I 'i,.,. ' . ~- " ., .. ,.... .,.." ("' Empire and these provided areas for were Chris !;n:1S, although of th e ~_ ~l.~. ' -p');,. , . ~ .. ? Barbarian settlers. Barbari an herNical Aridn sect. Once these groups ~ ;;"~ ..~ ~ . ,h,., 0 ~ ~ ~. contingents were also needed to fill settled down they tended !O become even ...... V·A·N·O·A-L'"';'" j'"~''' ~ () ~ ;. ,, ~ .. ,~ : more of the Empire's military needs. more P0manized, although c ultural Although from the modem vantage we forces were also already at work dividing .~ /lfedlrerrarrea,. Se(l f C;!.'1 see many ways in which Barbaria ns Europe ;flto what was to eventuaUv Ad vance 0 ~ ~ - "'.. . 0 .I,,,,,.,k-,,, and Romans may have cooperated for beo . . lk~ ir, V,ln,'us nations. the Vandals . . ~'.'~"''''.~~'''" . . their long te rm mutual benefit, such A Pl'iiT. ;" destination for many tribes was not generally the case at the time, was Non .. . Africa. Africa had replaced and the acceptance of Barbarians as Egypt as the source of most of the city loomed in the imagination of many feeble Honorius (395-423), but was [oedemti within the Empire, a practice of Rome's corn, and Carthage had German chieftains. Alaric of the unable to do so because of a lack of begun by Theodosius I (379-395), was become one of the Empire's greatest Vis igoths considered an invasion of shi ps. This cru cial element was easil y probably not conceived as a permanent intellectual and cultural centers. The Africa after their sack of Rome in 4 10, Please tum to page XIII solution. rich agricultural soil in the province during the reign in the West of the

) Trajan Decius Draco was used as a standard for Roman legions

by S teven Showers "DACIA" and shows the genius of this This identification is inaccurate. This unearthed in a fort at Niederbieber in There appears to be a widespread province holding a staff sunnounted by symbol is ac tually a "draco", the dragon Roman Upper Gennany, and this variant mistake in the catalogue descriptions of an animal's head with pointed ears. The military standard originally carried by bears a clear resemblance to a crocodile's a coin type belonging to the Roman coin type of Decius is also repeated Scythian, Sarmatian, and Dacian head emperor Decius (AD 249-51). The under Aurelian. Thus far, the animal warri ors and later adopted by Among the first ancient references to re verse design utilizes the legend has been described as an "ass's head". detachments of the Roman legions. thi s standard are the twenty-one The "draco" standard was a hollow, representations of the "draco" depicted metal animal's head, usually in the form on Trajan's Column, the monument in of a wolf, with open jaws and a ribbed Rome dedicated to his wars of conquest wind-sleeve tail of cloth that would flow in Dacia from 101 to 106. Six in a Miscellanea ...... out behind as a pennant (Fig. 1) . When serpent fonn are found on the base: two the soldiers charged into battle, the air on each side except the southeast which hissed as it rushed through the jaws, and is occupied by the door, plaque, arms, • Kolbas to lecture on Mongols the tail writhed like the body of a and Victories. On the sculpted shaft the Judy Kolbas is scheduled to give a lecture on t he Conquest o[ Baghdad and serpent (Fig. 2). It may also have been other fifteen examples are shown either Mongol Minting Techniques to the Royal Numismatic Society. The lecture useful to archers as an indicator of wind carried by Dacian troops facing the will take place at the Society of Antiquaries, Burlingwn House, Piccadilly, speed and direction. A bronze example Please tum to page XXVI London, at 5:30 p.m. on Tuesday, January 16, 1990. of this type of standard was recently • Claridge speaks about Romans Amanda Claridge will be speaking on the Romans on the /..aurentin£ INSIDE Coast for the Archaeological Institute of America - Madison Society on r" .... Wednesday, March 14, 1990. The lecture is to be held in the Elvehjem THE CELATOR: Rbi Museum of Art in Madison, Wisconsin. ;;,,&> -.'"0_ • Conference to discuss pilgrimages ~~5 "Peregrinatio Pilgrimages and their Destinations" is the theme of the 12th Point of View II 81'"'"'~ International Conference of Christian Archaeology, to be held in the Book News 1111 University of Bonn from the 22nd to the 28th of September, 1991. The People VI discussions will be divided into general topics including: travelling in the Market XII ancient world and non·Christian pilgrimages; motives of Christian pilgrimages; archaeology and architecture (centers of pilgrimage and cuh­ Calendar XVIIII U-" buildings, and the context of the cult-building); and itineraries, maps, and Coin File XVIII .. ~ - n souvenirs of pilgrimages. Conference languages include Gennan, English, Trivia XVIII r-o • French, and Italian. Summaries of the plenary lectures will be available Prof. Directory XXVIII 2: : - ~ before the conference, and all papers presented will be published following the Classifieds XXX ;;. conclusion of the conference. Also planned are an excursion to Cologne, ~~ t:~ ~o including visits to local excavations, and a visit to Trier. ~

~ II The Celator

7he CeloJor ~ Letters to the Editor

Dear Editor: somewhere in print. The fact is that Point of 7Iiew • • • Lepidus' portrait also appeared on I was interested to see you were several gold coins and these are fully Commentary by Wayne G. Sayles offering new contributors a free year (a discl! ssed and illustrated in Theodore V. new policy I missed by being too early Buttrey'S Th e Triumviral Portrait Gold with my fltSt piece). I have been paid of Ihe Quatluorviri Monetales of 42 s we go to press, the simply not fair to lay the guilt of site for my two articles in a real sense by B.C. (A.N.S. publication of 1956). Archaeological Institute of destruction upon innocent collectors by the contacts made from dealers/collectors Although the situation changed inferring that all antiquities were A America is preparing for its of similar interests. In some cases you rapidly in 42 when Lepidus turned over 91st annual meeting in Boston. The obtained illegally. forwarded letters to me while others had. seven of his ten legions to his Since it is legal to sell and export AlA is an organization which we have my address through other sources. I colleagues for the campaign against faithfully supported and which we have antiquities in some "source" countries, have enjoyed hearing from collectors of Brutus and Cassius in the East. while he how could the collector ascertain the heralded for its contributions to the Severus and fouerees (both very remained in Rome to preserve order provenience, the date of transfer, and dissemination of knowledge about the unpopular areas to the investment there, Lepidus had received both Spanish therefore the legality of any particular ancient world. oriented majority). An aspect of fourree provinces and Southern (Narbonese) We have also supported the piece? Is it to be assumed. in every collecting I had never known before has Gaul in the initial distribution of lands association's view condemning the case, that exportation was illegal1 Is surfaced: I have been offered several and his pOSitIon was not so plunder and destruction of archaeological the collector guilty until proven coins as fourree that were solid silver. insignificant as it would later appear. Is sites. We now have serious concerns, innocent? the AlA now to assume Overzealous cleaning causing and however, about the direction the AlA is the role of judge jury? exfoliation makes an ugly silver-over· Richard Weigel heading in their effort to preserve We have previously stated our silver coin not at all of interest to a Kentucky cultural resources. Coming before the disagreement with many of the current fourree collector. I am glad you have so membership this year is a new laws governing the exportation of much material awaiting publication. proposition affecting the AlA member antiquities, especially from the Middle Variety of material makes the paper ... "'''' code of ethics. The proposition states East. however we respect the right of interesting. I hope you will give notice that a member of the AlA will -refuse those countries to implement and when you need contributions. I enjoy in in trade in to participate an y way the enforce those laws . We feel the matter small features like the New Finds. I 1 truly enjoyed the article by William antiquities that are derived from illicit should be lert in their hands and in the believe we all have coins that would fit Horr on ancient coins as a news excavations and refrain from activities hands of the appropriate courts. this column (several coins from my medium. There is one point with which fourree and Severus collections are I must disagree: The references to unlisted in standard references) and it globes (spheres) being a round earth. speaks well for the hobby (as I enjoy it) First. I must preface my remarks by "To flatly condemn trade in antiquities is an irrational and that someone is looking at ordinary stating that there was a large ancient impractical reaction to an admittedly volatile situation. " Faustina denarii and seeing something intelligentsia who understood that the other than a lack of investment world was round. But. in the middle potential. ages leading up to Columbus, these sages were replaced by ignorant, albeit that enhance the commercial value of We believe the AlA would be well influential persons who, possessing a such objects." advised to rethink their position on this Douglas Smith MaryWnd few scraps of learned ancient writings, In the AlA newsletter of November matter. and being possessed by fundamentalist • 1989, Clemency Chase Coggins. Co· This issue marks the beginning of (Ow bocklog is infact diminishing tbu! to religious convictions, built an erroneous Chair of the Comiuee on Professional our fourth year at The Celator. We the heavy concen.lrQ/um of articles in r«enJ perception of our world and universe. Responsibilities blasts the antiquities sincerely thank all of our readers and issues. We always encourage . prospectf~ The Renaissance and ensuing Age of market stating that" Although it is not advertisers for their loyalty and support. authors to c01l1ribute. A fru OM year Enlightenment were the rediscovery of apparent to the ordinary purchaser, an We pledge to do everything in our silbscriptiofl - or exJemion - to first time these very evident ancient truths. ancient object has usually been looted power toward further improvement in COl11rwutors still applies.) Nevertheless, the globe (sphere) depicted and exported illegally from its country 1990. on ancient coins is probably not the of origin, and the purchase price will That's it for this month. we enjoyed M ... "'''' round earth that the ancient pundits help finance continued pillage. meeting so many of you in New York understood; it is the skies which they Coggins further States in the front and look forward to seeing o ur I thoroughly enjoyed Bob Levy's understood even better. page newsletter article titled MOn Loving California friends at Long Beach. In the humorous piece (Condition versus I have also wondered whether the Archaeology" that "Scho larly meantime. write and let us hear your rarity spurs ancient debate". September Greek and Roman coins have revealed involvement tends to legitimize the point of view! Celator) with its witty dialogue the knowledge of a round earth. antiquities market, but collecting between the denarius of Lepidus and the However, after much research, I have unde rwrites il ... Lovers of collecting can As of Claudius. However, one point concluded that the evidence favors a learn to collect something that is not needs correction: Levy states "The two celestiaJ interpretation. Although some endangered." dominant parmers in this alliance _ of the spheres have grid patterns As a member of the governing board Antony and Octavian - celebrated the suggesting lines of geographical of the AlA, Coggins urges endorsement event (formation of the Second longitude and latitude, these are more of the code provisions by all members. Triumvirate in 43 B.C.) with issues of likely lines of celestial right ascension One must assume that the placement portrait gold while Lepidus was content and declination. In fact, the celestial and timing of this article reflects strong with the production of only silver coordinate system was better understood support of this position by the AlA denarii featuring his portrait on the and developed by astrologers such as hierarchy. In doing so, the AlA has obverse and Octavian on the reverse." I Claudius Ptolemy (c. A.D. 125) well seemingly declared open war on the have heard this statement made before before any geographical application. collecting fraternity. It is incredible that and I am wondering if it actually appears Corroborating my theory is that an agency of such public minded spirit many of the globes (spheres) are seen could undertake such a misguided, juxtaposed with the astrological sign foolhardy, and counterproductive policy. Capricorn (the sign of Augustus In truth, the great musuem Deadline for the February Caesar), suggesting a celestial collections of the world, in places like interpretation. Or, as seen on page VI London; New Yo rk: , Berlin. issue is Friday, January 12 of the same issue of The Celator, the Copenhagen, and others . collections spheres have stars and either the celestial that have served to illuminate the equator or ecliptic (path of the sun and history of art and culture· were donated planets among the stars). The term by collectors. The archaeologist's spade ORB I S to an ancient person more may have contributed a few study likely meant the celestial sphere in groups or placed certain issues in their Postmaster: send address changes to: which the gods (planets) and stars proper context, but the great mass of P.O. Box 123, Lod1, WI53555 resided. The RECTOR ORBIS on information accumulated over the past Caracalla's coin meant more than setting Phone (608) 592-4684 Fax (608) 592·4682 three centuries, from the study of right the earth as Horr suggests; it The Celator is an independeot newspaper published on the "rst day 01 each month at 226 ancient coinage, came mainly from Palmer Parkway, Loci, WI. tt Is circulated Internationally through subscriptions and special meant setting right the whole universe collectors. distributions. Subscription rein are $24 per year (second class) within the United States (controlling gods and humans). This To flatly condemn trade in antiquities and canada. $48 per year 10 all other addresses (Air Printed Matter). Advertising end interpretation also better fits the is an irrationaJ and impracticaJ reaction copy deadline Is the second Friday of each month. Unsolicited artides and news releases megalo maniac al personality of to an admittedly volatile situation. All are welcome. howGVef publication cannot be guaranteed. Second dass postage, permit Caracalla. of the "source" counuies have laws pendng. l odi, WI 53555. Copyright e 1989, Clio's Cabinet concerning the export of antiquities. it Wayne G. Sayles .• ••• .• . _ . .. Publisher/Editor Michael R. Mol1UU, PhD. is incumbent upon them to enforce Astrophysicist Janet Sayles •••..•• , ..••• ...OrUce Manager those laws. If customs officials. Steven Sayles . • . ••• , .• • , .. • ,Production Manager mu seum officials, and diplomats tum ••••• their heads in exchange for a gratuity Christine Olson ... .. • ...... Distribut ion Asst. " .. shQl!ld _~e ~ond eJ?l!l the collector? It is __ • ..P.lease tum to.page XXX The Celalor . January 1990 III

Ancient Coins at Christie~

SeiCUCliS I, on a rare Tctradrach m struck by Philctairos of Perga mon (282-263 B. C.)

Christie's holds four important coin sales in New York every year.

If you are thinking of selling your collection or would simply like to receive a sample catalogue, please call James Lamb at 212/546-1056, Christie's Coin Department, 502 Park Avenue, NY, NY 10022.

CHRISTIE'S NEW YORK 1111 The Celator January 1990

Rare maps offered Malter and Ross auction rare numismatic literature Joel L. Malter & Co. Inc. has joined of other fields including architecture. & home furnishings, old photographic 1990, a day prior to the start of the 23rd forces with Robert Ross, a dealer in rare cooking, whaling, artists and art, books, fiction as well as larger box lots. California International Antiquarian maps. They are doing ajoint rare book erotica, children's books, cartography, Map offerings cover the world of Book Fair to be held at the same hotel. and map auction. Of particular interest antiquarian books. arms and armor. antique maps, items that should adorn Please send $5 for a catalogue to Malter­ to readers of The Celator will be a nice unusual books such as Ethiopian the studies of numismatists. The Ross, P.O. Box 777, Encino, CA group of numismatic books highlighted scrolls. Burmese sutras, antique Korans. auction will be held at the Los Angeles 91316, or phone (818) 784-7772. or by some nice original as well as reprint history & biography, zoology, antiques Airport Hilton Hotel on February 1, FAX (818) 784-4726. sets of British Museum publications. Other titles of interest are Humphrey's Ancient Coins, the fabulous first edition showing ten plates Affordable literature of ancient coins in metallic relief. The much in demand Greek Coins by Kraay Scholar's Bookshelf provides variety is offered along with a variety of other important books on ancient The Scholars Bookshelf, of discusses the various developments in basic element in a complex behavioral numismatics. There is also a good run Princeton Junction, New Jersey, coinage and numismatics from ancient system comprising art history, an art of books on modern foreign publishes a variety of books and texts to modern times. Written by Elvira market serving art collectors, art faking, numismatics especially on Latin dealing with ancient art and history. Eliza Clain-Stefanelli, the 102 page art museums, and other phenomena, American coin books. Two books are of particular interest softcover edition is available for $3.95. particularly economic ones. This work For the antiquity collector there are to numismatists. Numismatics - An Also of interest is the 691 page The is available for $34.95 many important books on cylinder Ancient Science: A Survey of its Rare Art Traditwns: The History of Art For ordering or information seals, ancient archaeology and reference History, presents an overview of the Collecting and its Linked Phenomena, concerning the books offered by The books to help in the collecting of the field of numismatic research, by Joseph Alsop. This is the first Scholars Bookshelf, contact them at 51 artifacts of the ancient world. The demonstrating that it is much more than comprehensive, serious history of art Everett Drive, Princeton Junction, NJ auction includes books on a wide variety simply collecting. The volume collecting, and demonstrates that it is a 08550. Authors collaborate Books on Byzantine Empire released in Europe Two recently published works Belgium. is an 80 page illustrated Callatay have each written on topics previously unpublished studies. The concerning Byzantine culture and collection of works by five authors. ranging from introductory histories to volume is primarily concerned with the coinage have been released in Europe. Tony Hackens, Justin Mossay, iconograhic considerations. Also economic history of the Late Roman Le Monnayage Byzantin: Emission Panayotis Yannopoulos, Jacqueline discussed are the usage of Byzantine and Byzantine empires, between the 4th - Usage - Message, published in Lafontaine-Dosogne, and Francois de coinage and messages and legends on the and 12th centuries. Topics discussed coins. This book is available for 300 include: the nature and functioning of BFrs from Seminaire de numismatique the late antique and Byzantine economy; Marcel Hoc, Place B. Pascal, 31 - B the relationship between coin production 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. and fiscal administration; the Also of interest to collectors of administration of mints and treasuries; BOOIlSnn Byzantine coins is The Economy, Fiscal and the production techniques, silver Administration and Coinage of content, and circulation history of the make great Christmas presents Byzantium, by Michael F. Hendy. This 12th century Byzantine trachy. This 300 page work offers 12 studies in volume is available for £34 from and now is the time to buy them English which were published between Variorum, 32 Connaught Street, 1970 and 1989, including three Northampton NNI 3BP,·England.

SPECIAL OFFER ON SNG ANS Part 1, Eturla-Calabrla. 39 p. + 39 pl...... $75.00 Part 2, Lucanla. 38 p. + 38 pl...... $75.00 Preservation of artifacts Part 3, Bruttlum-Slcily I: Abacaenum-Eryx.38 p. + 38 pI. $75.00 Part 4, Sicily II: Galerla-Styella. 25 p. + 25 pl...... $75.00 Part 5, Sicily III: Syracuse-Sicellotes. 56 p. + 25 pI. subject of ACS book Includes indices (geographical, rulers, names, obverse & reverse types, inscriptions, countermarks, & overstrikes) The American Chemical Society Edited by S. Haig Zeronian and covering the first five volumes ...... $75.00 offers a variety of books dealing with Howard L. Needles, this work covers Part 6, Palestine-South Arabia. 54 P. + 54 pl...... $1 00.00 the preservation of old or ancient books 272 pages clothbound, and is available Part 7, Macedonia I: CIties, Thraco-Macedonlan and wood artifacts. for $54.95 U.S. and $65.95 overseas. Tribes, Paeonian Kings. 43 p. + 39 pL...... $60.00 Historic TexJile and Paper Materials Also of interest is Archaeological 1/: Conservatwn and Characterization Wood, the ftrst book of its kind to Parts 1 through 6 are card cover and the Old, large-format. Vol. 7 is bound in provides a comprehensive critical review cloth and the new, smaller, international SNG format. explore the use of chemistry techniques of the different methods for paper and in the analysis of archaeological wood. textile conservation, with an emphasis Archaeological Wood is available for SPECIAL LIMITED OFFER: Parts 1-6 $375. (Normally $475_) on the latest research in the field. Parts 1-7 $425. (Normally $535.) $79.95 U.S. and $95.95 overseas. Fifteen chapters cover: conservation and degradation of textiles; characterization For ordering or information and preservation of textiles; and concerning these books or others WRITE FOR FREE: conservation. degradation, and published by the American Chemical • Fixed price catalog of quality coins. preservation of paper. Of particular Society write to them at their • Auction of medium-priced coins. interest is an examination of silk fabric Distribution Office Dept. 341, P.O . • Catalogs, books on Greek. Roman, degradation through analysis of samples Box 57136, West End Station, & Byzantine coins. taken from flags in the National Washington, DC 20037 or dial (800) Museum of American History. 227-5558 to order by phone. Please add $4 (Or Postage U.s.p,s. Special Handling $2 additional Reader Response is essential to the success of any publication. We are sincerely THOMAS P. MCKENNA interested in your comments, criticisms, suggestions and desires. Share your news, views and observations with others who enjoy P.O. Box 1356·F • Fort Collins, CO 80522 the fascination of antiquity as much as you do. Write to: 303·226·5704 The Celator • P.O. Box 123 • Lodi, WI 53555 The Celator January 1990 v Numismatic Fine Arts NT ERN AT o N A L N C CURRENTLY ACCEPTING CONSIGNMENTS One of the most respected names in ancient numismatics, NFA has consistently achieved the highest prices for coins sold both privately and through auction. Our complete access to the international market assures your coins the most effective exposure and consequently exceptional prices.

Brutus AV au reus Auction XX II , 101 23 Es timate: $ [00,000-125,000 Price rea li zed: $2 1O,{)()() 3: 1 En largement

AmphipoJis AR tetradrachm Alexander of Carthage A V a ureus Auction XXII. lot 250 Auction XXII, lot 126 Estimate: $100,000+ Estimate: $100,000 + Price realized: $ 150,000 Price realized: $210,000 2: I Enlargement 3: 1 Enlargement

Augustus AV aureus Auction XXII, lot 28 Estimate: $25.000-30,CKlO Price realized: $70,000 3: I Enlargement

Quality Single Coins & Collections For Auction or Private Sale

Contact us about your consignment today! J------,------CE o Please send me all publications for one year. Enclosed is my check or Please send coupon with order to: money order for $30.00.

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Computer software Walker's CHOICE demonstrated at NY bourse Thomas D. Walker, of San Antonio, the user to access a variety of different The display at the bourse in New of elements can also be examined, such Texas, recently displayed a new types of information and to examine York allowed collectors to view a as a listing of items or events with computer software tool he has developed relationships between various topics. In listing of dozens of worldwide museums Byzantine and Islamic elements. called WALKER'S CHOICE. The addition to being able to access and with numismatic displays. These were WALKER'S CHOICE also allows display was held at a private mini­ analyze information already in the listed by country, and included such you to select works of art and places to bourse which took place at the Omni system, the program allows the user to information as opening and closing see based on their geographical location, Park Central hotel in New York City on add his own information as well. times, what types of items were on select items from a range of dates. and Saturday, December 9th. Featured in the database system are display, and historical facts about the print catalogs of works of art. WALKER'S CHOICE. the hundreds of facts regarding works of art. museums. Computerized Historical Outline of historical events and places, and For example, the listing of museums Finally, the program allows the user Information Considered Essential, is a important people in history. with numismatic displays included, to add his own information to develop his own applications for research. da ta base of information which allows under Germany: Facts about people in history include: the reigns of the Roman The majority of these features were Emperors; Popes; Holy Roman Miinchen. Bavaria, displayed and explained by Walker to BOSTON... Emperors; Ottoman Sultans, Kings of collectors and dealers at the bourse. France, Germany, and England; and the Staatliche Mtinzensammlung. Walker also demonstrated the ease with Ancient and Foreign Coin Presidents of the United S tates. which infonnation can be arranged and Hundreds of historical events are also rearranged in a fonnat which is suitable Mecca o/The Northeast! A small but impressive collection for your particular application. li sted, such as: wars; battles, books, illustrating the history of coinage BAY STATE COIN SHOW edicts, travels; and treaties. The names from ancient through modem times. The WALKER'S CHOICE software and locations of hundreds of works of art Several elaborate coin cabinets are requires an Apple Macintosh computer March 16. 17, 18. 1990 from ancient to modem times can be also on display. with a minimum of I megabyte of November 16, 17, 18, 1990 viewed as well. Open: Tuesday - Saturday, storage, a hard disk: drive. and "57" PARK PLAZA HOTEL Another important feature of 10 am- 5 pm. FILEMAKER II software, by Claris. ROOIIl reservations: 617-482-1800 WALKER'S CHOICE is that it allows Closed: Mondays and certain The program is being offered by Walker holidays. at a cost of Over 24 years ... you to access the names and locations of mo. "New England's Largest Coin Show!!!" places such as archaeological sites, Items in the database can be indexed Further information about Chairman: Ed Aleo castles, cathedrals, churches, museums. based on their cultural context. For WALKER'S CHOICE may be obtained Box 400. Winchester, MA 0I890 palaces. and temples. These items are example, the user can choose to view by writing to Thomas D. Walker at indexed geographically, stylistically, only those items or events relating to P.O. Box 29188, San Antonio, TX ~ 617-729-9677 A culturally, and politicall y. the Byzantine Empire. Combinations 18239 or by phoning (512) 696-5393. Art and numismatics are combined by collector

Collector David Blodgett of South The illustration included here is one PHOENICIA of several dealing with Greek and Bend, Indiana has mixed his interest in antiquity with his own fme and graphics Roman coins, this example integrating arts business to produce a fascinating the obverse and reverse designs into a series of illustration featuring motifs pleasing collage of great power and from ancient coinage. beauty. Blodgett also produces bronze Blodgett has indicated a desire to portrait sculpture and is currently in the produce works for collectors on a process of producing portraits of commission basis. For specific details, AJexander the Great and of the Roman write to David Blodgett, 80S E. Ewing Emperor Hadrian. Ave., South Bend, IN 46613.

Direct from the ancient world to you! Holyland antiquities at wholesale prices. Tell us about your interests. Call or write: PHOENICIA - Holyland Antiquities P.o. Box 692 Gracie Station New Yo rk, NY t 0028 (2t 2) 722-4603 ----.- .. -.. . - ~.--- ~.- ..~ .. ~ .. :-:.,-: The ~Iator January 1990 VII MONTHLY FEATURES

CLASSICAL NUMISMATIC AUCTIONS, LTD. 1990 Auction Schedule

May 3. 1990 Sale Xl Public Sale in New York TOP QUALITY Greek &. Roman CONSIGNMENT DEADLINE MARCH I, 1990

July 24. 1990 CUUS1.C.oU, NUM.'1.S1'1...tTlC L'Ltt1tA'JURt: SALED A sale of literature relating to the field of numismatics. CONSIGNMENT DEADLINE MAY 1, 1990 February 28. 1990 December 6. 1990 Sale X Stptember 27. 1990 Sale XIII Mail Bid Sale Stile XU Public Sale in New York Ancient Greek. Greek Imperial, Ancient Greek. Greek Imperial, TOP QUALITY Roman Republican and Imperial, Roman Republican and Imperial, Greek &. Roman Byzantine, Byzantine, CONSIGNMENT DEADLINE OCTOBER I, a90 Medieval European and British. Medieval European and British, Literature Literature PLAN ON SELLING YOUR COLLECTION CONSIGNMENT DEADLINE DECEMBER 15, 1989 CONSIGNMENT DEADLINE JULY I, 1990 AT ONE OF THESE IMPORTANT SALES

SHOULD YOU BE SUBSCRIBING TO OUR On Coins and Medals, &. PUBLICATIONS? Of the many hobbies thai appeal to a refined taste, to the mind nurtured in the love of ancient and modern times, and to the We think so. Let us give you some reasons to subscribe cultured intellect which delights in unravelling the mysteries today, so that you can start enjoying everything that we and the oft tangled skeins of mytlwlogy and history, no pursuit have to offer you the collector. can claim priority of interest or fascination over the study and collection of coins and medals. - You will receive all catalogs for Classical Numismat· ic Auctions, Ltd. with prices realized. ( A $40 value if These small but intensely interesting and truly veracious ordered separately). monwnenlS of both ancient and medieval times pJace before Ihe student and collector at a glance something vividly characteristic . You will receive quarterly editions of the Classical of the period in which they were issued - Numismatic Review. These are packed full of useful it may be the finely chiselled features information, including OUT current coin offerings, edito­ afsome god or goddess ofmytlwlogy, some longforgouen customs rial commentary on the state of the current market, in­ of a now extinct people, or the authentic portrait formation about our auctions and the whole auction of some ancient conqueror of half a world. market in general, special offerings, new book offerings, and much more. All these things, therefore, appeal to the well educated and enquiring connoisseur, and if he be (as who is not these days?) a - You will receive notices on shows that we will be at­ lover of art as well, then he can hardly jail to be attracted by the tending in your area. Not only are shows a good way to well-nigh irresistible charm which attaches to ancient coins. get to know your dealer; they are also an excellent op­ .1902, The Connoisseur. Volume m portunity to see many more coins than you would nor­ mally see on just a list. For fifteen years, we have given our attention exclusively to the study, art of collecting. and classification of ancient, medieval . You will receive invitations to the private invitational and British coiru;. Coins are purchased with the utmost care for bourses - Classical Numismatic Bourse, when they authenticity and state of preservation. are held in your part of the country.

Our stock is replete with exquisite specimens of ancient Greek, -Most of all you will become a part of the satisfied cus­ Republican, Roman and Byzantine coins in all metals. Medieval tomer group that consistently buys and sells their coins and British hammered are onJy inventoried in top condition. through Victor England and/or Classical Numismatic Auctions, Ltd. All who are interested in the subject of classical numismatics are invited to communicate with the offices of Victor England. A subscription is one of the best values around. Information and advice on the formation of a cabinet of coins, or Subscribe today. the formation of a specialized collection will be gladly given. Inspection of coins is invited. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $30.00 (Overseas $40) FIXED PRICE LISTS AUCTIONS LITERATURE A sample issue upon request.

, 11 coins ax:e ~aranteed genuin.e a n~ as de~cribed. Seven. dar return for ~ny reason. Postage is added to all bills. Under $200 add $3. Over $200 add $5. Payment b heck or V.lnl . C. Send all raISed mformatlon. S~bs.crlpt~ons are av"lable to all our publications. In the US $30.00. Overseas $40.00. This includes Auctions anJ I fix n ce I ts UT uartcrl list IS avalla t. hanl:: ic hours aT from : 0 AM • 4 da ·F 'da' VICTOR ENGLAND Box 245, Quarryville, PA 17566·0245, (717) 786-·m13 VIII The Celator January 1990

Mesopotamian antiquities Ritual deposits found In• building construction

by David Liebert Mesopotamian culture from early limes. inscribed tab lets, cones, cylinders, and The ceremonial deposit of various Although the evidence for human and decorative function and, unlike the objects in the foundation andlor walls of animal sacrifice in relation to building bricks, they serve no structural buildings while not unique to ancient construction is at best ambiguous the function. Mesopotamia was from what we know evidence for the ritual deposit of of the archaeological and historical material objects is quite clear. What then was the function of these records an important part of objects? In the earliest times these In early dynastic times the most deposits were meant to increase the common object of deposit was a metal effectiveness of the building through a or Slone "Peg". Such pegs were often form of magic associated with the ritual. surmounted by human or animal In later times the main function of these figures. In many cases the upper objects was more to preserve the portion of a human figure was inhabitants from hann and above all to terminated with a peg like object in preserve the memory of the builder for place of the lower portion. Sometimes posterity. the figure held a peg in its hand and in An inscription of the Neo Assyrian some early deposits only the unadorned King Assurbanipal pretty much sums metal peg was fo und. In some cases up this feeling: "Maya leter prince, in such pegs were driven through metal whose reign this work shall have fallen prisms which were also found in an into ruin, renew its ruins. Let him see architectural context. These nails were my royal image and annoint (it) with usually placed in the walls of buildings. oil ; let him offer a sacrifice. Let him Clay nail with inscription. These objects should not be confused deposit (it) with his (own) image." Sumerian period. with inscribed bricks used in the actual construction since they did not serve a plates which were usually inscribed. In al1 cases, however, the figure or peg was 8erk closes 60th buy/ buried in an upright position. Such peg shaped objects were usually part of the foundation of the building. Some bid sale on January 16 scholars relate the clay nails with Harlan J. Berk has set January 16, choose include Shekels ofTyre, Judaean cuneiform inscriptions, which were 1989 as the closing for his 60th Buy or bronze "Widow's Mites", Julius Caesar particularly common in Sumerian Bid Sale. Berk's latest sale includes 635 Denarii, Heraclian and Tarentine times, to these peg fi gurines. Indeed, lots of ancient, medieval and modem Diobols, and Pseudo-Rhodian drachms. some of these figures, particularly those coins as well as antiquities. Special holding up round baskets, bear a offerings include assorted Ushabtis, superficial resemblance to nails. It is amulets, and terracotta heads from To obtain a copy of Berk's catalog Copper peg-shaped object more likely, however, that the clay nails Egypt. Also offered is a broad and write to Harlan J. Berk., Ltd., 31 N. found in Syria. are related to the many similarly interesting selection of scarabs. Clark St., Chicago, IL 60602 or call Coin groups from which to pick and (312) 609·0017.

The NEW FINDS.... Time Machine Company is afways eager to aid beginning collectors with moderately priced coins and antiquities. Call David Liebert direct This coin is literally a to discuss your interests and needs. "new fi nd", as it was found near the Eng­ lish city of Reading last September as a 4.57 gm. stray. It is a bronze coin of Carausius (AD 287-293) with the remarkable legend CARA VSIVS ET FRATRES SVI ("Carausius and his two brothers") and shows the radiate busts of Carausius, Diocletian and Maximianus facing left. The reverse is a standard Pax type, with the legend ending in 3 G's, denoting three reigning emperors. This was struck c. 290 at the Colchester mint during a period when Carausius, a usurper, was trying to legitimatize his reign by associating himself with and striking coins for the two official emperors of Rome. The RIC lists this coin as a Rarity 4, and there have been none on the market in recent times.

Dennis Kroh Empire Coins. Inc.

New Year's Special Holy Land pottery oil lamps Roman/Byzantine Period c. 3" Some with decoration, all substantially intact. We have a small group in VF condition available Ancient Coins at $30 each while they last. • Mail Bid Sales We now have a FAX MACHINE. You can FAX us your bids at • Fixed Price Lists (716) 544-2706 or ca l! us at the same number. • Buy or Bid Saks We have many more interesting antiquities and ancient coins in stock. If you • Numismatic Literature are not on our mailing list, you are missing some of the best buys in ancient art. Send for yourfreecatafogue today. For more information contact: Specializing in moderate priced Judaean coins The Time Machine Co. (serious want-lists solicited) P. O. Box 282, Flushing Station, William M. Rosenblum/rore coins Queens, NY 11367 po. box355.....ergreen.coIo.80439 ~ (718) 544-2708 303·836-4831 The Celator January 1990 . Villi Royal .. Athena Galleries Select Works of Fine A rt from the Ancient Wodd

EGYPTIAN OLD KINGDOM LIMESTONE HEAD ROMAN EARLY IMPERIAL MARBLE FEMALE BUST of a male with short wig Ca. 30 " 50 A.D. 15" (38 em.) Vth " Vlth Dynasty (2494" 2181 B.C.) Excavated from the Acropolis at Height 4 1/4" (10.8 em.) Carmona, Sevilla, Spain, ca. 1900 A.D.

Royal~Athena now sells more select works of ancient art Send for our FREE fulkolor 2Q..page brochure. than any other gallery, having tripled its sales this past The following publications are also available: year. We attribute this rapid growth to our thirty years of internationally acknowledged expertise and connoisseur~ ART OF THE ANCIENT WORLD, Vol. IV (1985), ship, the desire to exhibit the widest range of ancient 192 color plates ...... $15.00 works of art, currently over 30

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CARTHAGE: A MOSAIC OF ANCIENT lUNISIA ~ September 9 to January 7

royal-atllena galleries new york - beverly '.il/s

Jerome M. Eisenberg. Ph.D., Director Established 1942

153 East 57th St., New York, N.Y. 10022 36, Place des Antiquaires, 125 E. 57th St., 332 Nonh Bcycrly Dr., Beverly Hills, Wo. 9021 0 Td .: (212) 355-2034 Fax.: (212) 688-0412 New Yock, N.Y. 10022 Tc1.: (212) 593-1193 TeL (213) 550-1199 Fax: (21]) 550-1395 Monday-Saturday, 10 to 6 Monday-Saturday, II to 6 Monday-Saturday, 10 to 6

Royal-Athena at Nahan GaUeries (SoHo) Royal·Athena at B.A. Scally Ltd. 381 W. Broadway, N.Y., N.Y. 10012 8 Cavendish Square, London WIM QAJ, England Tel.: (212) 966-9313 Te1. (+4)1-631-3707 Monday-Friday, 9:30 to 5 Monday.Friday. 10 to 6, Saturday-Sun'hy, t 1 to 7 (Send for a free copy' of "Antiquities Forum")

.' .' . , . , . , ...... , ...... '.' '.' . , '.' ..... ' .. ', ..... ,', .. ··x The Celator JanuarY 1990

A coin's point of view Public auctions can provide learning experience

by an Octavian denarius after being unearthed. After all, Latin as told to Bob Levy was the only language I knew. I ~ As the upcoming auction season bounced around from collector to approaches, my owner thought that it collector over the years in any number would be an opportune time for me to of countries picking up bits of language share my peculiar perspective on an and history whenever I cowd" event common to a1l of you in the coin "I am proud to say that these days, as collecting community. That event is, I'm peered at in auction trays every of course, the public auction," decade or two, I consider myself fluent "Before r proceed let me tell you a in at least 8 languages! "Wunderbar", little bit about my histori cal say the Germans and Swiss as they background. I am an ancient Roman examine me. "C'est Magnifique" from denarius who was struck into this world the French. "Beregoed" and "Fantasti sk" in the year now known as 28 B.C. from observers who call Amsterdam and Back in that lime everyone nOled the Copenhagen home. My native country year as "three years after the Battle of chimes in with "Magnifico". My Octavian AR - denarius:""':;'!;::;:';;.:.", Actium" referring to the famous battle language of preference is now English (Collection of the author) in which Octavian, later to be renamed where "Incredible" describes me to those Augustus. defeated Mark Antony and living in England, Canada and the Cleopatra and thus became sole ruler of United States. The reason for all these pandora's box in itself · I'll Jet one of number is called out we're usually so the "new" Roman Empire. My obverse superlatives is my technical condition. my fellow coins tackle that subject in a worked up that we feel about as hot as the day we were first struck! Then, is a portrait of Octavian while my I am centrally struck on a large nan future article.) Now that you know reverse of a crocodile with the legend with medium grey toning. My grade is something about me as a coin, let me boom! It's over. A new owner. "Aegypro Capta" is a direct reference to considered "Superb Extremely Fine" enlighten you about something you Massive anxiety sets in. Anxiety? the vanquishing of Egypt, it's leader, and, in all likelihood, I may be the best know nothing about: a public coin Humans don't bother to think of our Cleopatra, and her ally and husband, preserved example of my type in auction as experienced from the coin's feelings! What anxieties or worries Mark Antony: existence. However, th at; distinction point of view." could we have? Let me fill you in. The "After being sttuck I hardly circulated last time I was auctioned was does not give me "the big head" as you ft Ah yes, the public auclion. The Numismatic Fine Arts XX in March, at all. A careless soldier let me slip humans are fond of saying. (Or "the big chance to acquire new coins to flame 1988. Prior to that was Numismatic accidentally from his money pouch one obverse", which I prefer!) After all, I'm that collecting fire that bums inside Fine Arts XU in March, 1983. Every night as he and his friends overimbibed not an "art masterpiece" by one of those you. But have you ever really lhought time I'm auctioned I'm filled with the in the fruit of the vine. (I believe a "recent" artists that have come along in about what this whole process is like uncertainty of "where" I'll end up. "raging drunk" is today's term for their the last 300 or 400 years li ke from my side of the tray? I think not. What wi ll the other coins in the get-together!) Soon covered by dirt, I Rembrandt, Da Vinc i, Renoir or Van You humans still have intellectual and Ill y in the darkness of the cool Italian Gogh which brings millions of dollars theological explanations about where collection be like? Greek and Roman soil for what seemed an eternity. I was upon auction. (Please excuse my you go when your existence in the coins of all metals? Roman Republic, found by a young Italian boy and given sarcasm but I'm of the belief, like many world comes to an end. No one can Imperatorial and Imperial coins of gold to his father in, I think, sometime in of you, that ancient coins are miniature quite convince the other that his and silver? Roman Imperial portrait the 1700's. It was extremely hard on works of art and shou ld be accepted by explanation is the only explanation. silver coins only? These questions race through my metallic core. My me those nrst couple of hundred years the general public as such! That's a We coins don', have that problem. uncertainties, I guess, could be likened ... , There are only two places in which we can end up - in a museum collection or to you humans starting a new job. Will travel1ing from private collection to the other coins accept me? Will they private collection after spending a brief think: me uppity because of my superb Miinzen ond Medaillen AG time in the trays of dealers or with other . condition? Will they like me for the coins about to be auctioned off. Those coin that I am? (We coins get insecure brief interludes are like what you refer to now and then too, no matter how nicely For 45 years as "vacation H or "holiday" • the coins in we are preserved!) If we go for a low the trays are from many walks of coin price at auction, we feel somewhat we have been serving life just like the people you meet on rejected; if we go high, we feel wanted your trips ! Some are older, some by our new owners but run the risk of younger. Some are very attractive with being ridiculed by other coins at our new home for being ~overpaid for". collectors of Ancient Coins ... nice toning while others are unattractive and harshly cleaned. Most, however, (Not unlike popular sports figures who and we would like have great personalities. We talk about are paid, what most of you people experiences we've had, joke around and, believe to be, extremely high and in general, have a great time! But what almost ridiculous salaries!)" to serve you too! of the actual auction experience, you "The actual arrival and physical ask." placement in my new collection always has a way of putting my fears to rest. ~ The road to auction always starts Sometimes I'm one of the best coins with our consignment, an exciting but and stand out. Other times I'm just bittersweet time. The excitement of "one of the boys" in the collection. new places to visit is tempered with the New friends, good times and shared sadness of parting ways with old coins experiences abound. (Like ~Were you we've come to know and love over the around when word got out about Mark years. Next comes photography for the Antony and Cleopatra's suicides? My auction catalogue in which we will be heart really went out to all "those sold. Man's advancement in this area in Antony/Cleopatra denarii. They were the latter part of the 20th century has really upset." or "Say, were you ·Monthly Illustrated Fixed Price Lists· been a welcome relief as I see it - those circulating in Rome when Augustus plaster casts of the "old days" of a few banished his daughter, Julia, to the • Public Sales • Appraisals • decades ago are not missed al all. What island of Pandateria for life? Boy, was a mess that was!" he ever ticked om) I occasionally run • Large Stock in All Price Ranges • "Auction lot viewing has always into old friends. The Augustus denarius been my favorite part of any auction in with the deified Julius Caesar reverse • Buying and Selling· which I've been a participant. I get the also pictured is one such friend. He was opportunity to examine so many minted in 17 B.C., a scant eleven years different people from all over the world. after myself. (Eleven years is hardly Please send us your want list. We' will fill ii! It is also a petfect chance to brush up on any difference at all when one considers my foreign languages! At this point I that we are entering our third usually get an idea of which people millennium of existence!) The comet Please contact: want me the most. A coin can tell by on his reverse appeared during the looking closely into the eye of the celebration of the "Iudi saeculares" (It's Miinzen und Medaillen AG viewer who is so courteous that he even so nice to revert to my native tongue provides a magnifying glass for that once in a whi le!) or Secular Games of P. O. Box 3647 • Malzgasse 25 express purpose!" 17 B.C. It was thought to be the very CH • 4002, Basel, Switzerland ~ Auction day. Excitement and same comet that appeared at the time of electricity fill the auction room not only the death of Julius Caesar in 44 B.C. Tel. (061) 23 75 44 for dealers and collectors but for the '·'coihs,'as··weIl': ·· By the·· tim.Fdu'r IbF ·'·'·'··' .' .. '.' Please tum to page XI ' Th~ . Ce!ator Ja~~ary 1990 XI

Auctions Continued from pago X ANCIENT COIN SPECIALIST GREEK, ROMAN, BYZANTINE COINS AND CLASSICAL ANTIQUITIES

Augustus AR - denarius (Collection of the author)

However, we now know the comet of but, nevertheless, worthy coins iliat 44 B.C. was very likely the famous should be collected. We all have one Halley's comet while the 17 B.C. comet thing in common: we long to be was just an errant comet beading appreciated by our owners. Do you through the universe. (As you can see, remember the feelings of satisfaction I've studied a bit of astronomy in and happiness when you fIrst acquired addition to foreign languages over the coins in your collection at auction? centuries!) At any rate, the Augustus Well, the coins you acquired felt those denarius and I have been ending up at same exact feelings. But, as is often the auction together over the past 20 years case, we were soon fIled away with and have always ended up with the same other coins, a faint reminder of a past new owner! He has provided a bit of battle won. My plea to you is this: familiarity to each new collection to dream of future coin successes but look EDWARD J. WADDELL, Ltd. which I've become a part of late." to your past accomplishments. "In closing, let me say something Appreciate the coins you already own. about us coins who are sold at auction. Look at us, touch us, learn about our 7910 Woodmont Avenue, #1104 I say this, one on one, to you. I am not historical backgrounds. Broaden your Bethesda, MD 20814 talking to "the others" in the coin own knowledge through us. For you collecting community but to you, the see, contrary to popular belief. you have person who is reading this article at this not collected us. Rather your name has (301) 654-0470 precise moment in time. Some of us been added to our list of people we each are "star" coins, the celebrities of the have helped to educate as century upon coin world. Others of us are not "s~" century has slowly passed by." Harmer Rooke Galleries Absentee Auction XXXIV Closing Date: January 17, 1989

Featuring a Quality Selection of Oassical Antiquities from Egypt, Greece, Rome and the Ancient Near East; Pre·Columbian Art; Tribal Arts . Indian and Ethnographic; Ancient Numismatics. Catalogue & Prices Realized . $10 ppd.

Auctions Purchases

Sales Appraisals

Consignments For Future Sales Now Being Accepted! Individual Quality Items. Whole Collections and Estates Are Always of Interest To Us.

Harmer Rooke Galleries 3 East 57th St, New York, NY 10022, Dept. C NYS: 2127511900 WATS: 8002217276 FAX: 2127581713 Auctioneer NYC Lie. # 823790, 820507

.~ ,., ""~' , .. , ...... " ...... -XII The Celator January 1990

Hectic pace New York International draws heavy turnout by Wayne G. Sayles of opportunities for the bargain hunter, considered by some to be very high, and on Saturday and ran through Monday. New York was a Zoo! Although but rarities and coins in nice condition the real depth of the market was Floor activity was steady, although opinions differed about such things as drew strong bids, mostly at or near vinually untested. The offering was one reports from dealers ranged from "Flat" auction prices, floor activity, presence estimate. Exceptional pieces included a of the finest ever in this series and and "Terrible" to "The best ever". of new material, etc., everyone who 27mm bronze of Hieron II from pieces of exceptional quality or rarity Contrary to some eartier NY shows, experienced the recent marathon of Syracuse in superb EF which drew $850 brought very respectable prices. A where moderately priced coins did well, events in New York agreed that it was before commission. A choice EF beautiful bronze follis of Irene (about it seemed that collectors at the (to quote Tom Cederlind) ftINTENSE." tetradracrun of Caracalla from Tyre was 22mm) drew active floor bidding and International were looking for top The New York International hammered down at $550 against a $300 was sold at $1,900 plus buyer's fee. In quality, and pice was not an objecL Numismatic Convention was held estimate. omer cases some real bargains were to Wholesale trade on the floor was December 9-11 at the Sheraton Centre The 1 P.M. Christie's sale was held be had for the patient and discriminating brisk and a number of new lots in Manhattan, but the show was only at their 502 Park Avenue gallery and the collector. appeared. The anticipated hoards from £he focus and rallying ground for myriad parade of dealers and collectors scurrying The Harmer Rooke "Decade Sale" Europe did indeed appear and a private other activities. from England's auction over to was held Thursday afternoon and the room in the hotel became the "hotbed" Although the action started with Christie's somewhat resembled the chase active floor bidding continued without of activity for some time. A number of private trading as early as Monday or scene in "Mad Mad Mad World". The apparent reservation. In spite of active rare coins were traded on the floor, Tuesday. the nrst major numismatic auction room was packed for the bidding, a number of opportunities for including a very rare sestertius of event of the week was the Classical ancients section of the Christie's sale bargains fell to those up to the pace. Brittanicus. Numismatic Auctions sale IX held and with only III lots the sale drew The second session of the Stack's On Sunday night, the six hour Thursday at 10 AM. in the fifth floor remarkable interest. Bidding was very sale offered ancient coins and was held marathon sale of the J ascha Heifetz Colonial Room of the Sheraton City strong and few items fell below Friday evening at the Sheraton Centre in collection, by Superior Ga1leries. drew a Squire. The City Squire is one block: estimate. A gold half-stater of Philip II conjunction with me NYlNC. Over standing room only crowd. An south of the Sheraton Centre. garnered a $4,000 bid against a $1,500- 500 lots were sold with many rarities incredible offering of very desirable Prior to the sale, a sense of 2,500 estimate. included in virtually all series. A strong coins changed hands at consis~ntly uncenainty prevailed as many wondered As the final lot at Christie's was book (mail bids) kept floor bidders strong prices with very active floor whether the market was healthy enough hammered down, a rush for the door honest as prices were generally near bidding virtually to the end of the sale. to support the huge quantity of coins to ensued with the Mad Parade hustling estimate. A nice selection of ancient Bidders obviously took their time be offered at auction in addition to back to the Sheraton for the Harlan J. gold was well supported by floor and inspecting the lots as a pair of anticipated heavy floor trading. Rumors Berk I Victor England auction of mail bids. tetradrachms of Alexander, lotted were widespread that massive Quantities Byzantine coins. Further complicating For the die-hards and early risers, a together with an estimate of $400-600 of coins, in wholesale lots, were being matters was a throng of New Yorkers private "mini-bourse" was held at the drew a remarkable $2,500. A mint state brought in from Europe. The question out to view the famous Christmas Omni Park: Central starting at 7 A.M Shekel of Tyre was bid up to $1,700 in many minds was whether there was decorations in Manhattan. Saturday Morning and continuing until (est $500-850) because it was perhaps enough money around to support current The Byzantine auction was a point of 10 A.M. when the doors of the the finest known. A record was also set price levels. great curiosity even for non-collectors of International opened. The mini-bourse for a 2Smm' bronze of Herod of Cha1cis, The 607 Jot CNA IX offered plenty me series. Pre-auction estimates were reopened at 4 P.M. and continued into the brother of Agrippa I, which broke the evening. Several dealers cooperated $15,000 plus commission against a to host the event, advertised through $5,000 estimate. direct mail announcements. In addition Monday was not at all anticlimactic. to sales of coins, Thomas D. Wa1k:er of If you aren't seeing this symbol on as it turned into a sort of "bargain day" Texas previewed a new computer with very active floor trading between software program (Walker's CHOICE) catalogues you are currently receiving dealers, wholesalers, and collectors. dealing with art and history related data. David Van Meter, Q.f Laurion, also After a week of constant high in promoted their introductory guide to New York, an airplane seat never looked ancient coins. so good. Still, me NYINC is not just a The convention opened 10 the public show it is an event not to be missed. IBSCC condemns fakes of Istros and Black Sea by Wayne G. Sayles Messembria) has resulted in a heated The battle of the Black Sea (hoard, controversy over the past year. that is) rages on behind closed doors as Scientists in both the United States and scientists and numismatists try to find the United Kingdom have used Electron ground for agreement as to the Scanning Microscopes to "prove" that authenticity of those tiny silver the coins are of ancient origin. Some specimens. prominent dealcrs have claimed, The latest Bulletin on Counteifeits, however, that the coins are fake. One just released by the International Bureau extremely credible German dealer for the Suppression of Counterfeit actually claimed to know the name of Coins, has backhandedly condemned the the counterfeiter, supposedly a coins in a rather obscure reference buried Bulgarian. within the discussion of a hoard of fake Although we have been encouraged drachms from Istros. ~y some to do an_~~th_rel?:9rton ~e The IBSCC bulletin, in announcing subject. it has been the policy of The the discovery of Istros counterfeits, Celator to refrain from inflaming the Write for our membership list reports that some 30 pieces were issue with conjecture and hypotheses. purportedly "found in Bulgaria." The Now, we feel it is time to respond. bulletin goes on to say that "Their style Although we greatly respect the is remarkably coarse; the heads are a scientific processes used to test these little reminescent of the recent coins, it seems likely that they are Apoltonial Messembria group hemi­ indeed modem counterfeits. The Jean-Paul Diva drachms. It cannot be excluded that mscc comment that the heads of me Secretary, I.A.P.N. despite the very strange alloy of the Istros fakes are a little reminescent of ApoUonia/Messembria group these two the Black Sea coins is a gross Lowenstrasse, 65 finds were not dug up in Bulgaria but understatement. As an art historian, were produced in a modern 'mint' in that who has spent thousands of hours CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland country." studying images on coins, 1 am prepared The Question of authenticity of the Black Sea Hoard coins (ApolloniaJ Please tum to pago XVIlIl The Celator January 1990 XIII ..

Vandals Continued from page I

seen by the Romans as the key to the winter of late 406, during lhe joint an independent nation. He was the first need to begin a large issue of their own. protecting their valuable African reign of Honorius and Arcadius (395- of the invading Barbarian chieftains to and may have conducted much of their provinces and in 419 the Romans who 408), the Vandals, along with several do so. A second major military attack commerce by barter. This is taught this craft to Barbarians were other German tribes, crossed the frozen by the West in 441 also failed, and in unfortunate since there exists no known executed. Rhine and entered Gaul. The legions of 442 the Romans fonnally acknowledged coinage issued with the name of Such a skill could, of course, not be Gaul had been recently taken elsewhere Vanda! independence. Gaiseric, their greatest king. It is also kept indefinitely and it was the Vandals by the great Roman general Flavius From Africa Gaiseric used his fleet to possible that sufficent coinage remained who first constructed a substantial fleet Stilicho, himself, ironically, half­ expand in all directions. Sicily, in Roman Africa or was brought back and with it seized North Africa from the Vandal. The Germans swept through Sardinia, Corsica. and the Balearic by raids, which ranged from Spain to Romans. The Vandal Kingdom lasted the virtually defen'seless province Islands came under Vandal control. In Egypt, to handle domestic needs. This for roughly a century before it was leaving a long trail of destruction in 455 they sacked Rome itself. However, seems to be the case with gold coinage, reconquered by the Eastern Romans of, their wake. By 409 the Vandals had contrary to their appelation, the Vandal which may never have been issued by what we call today, the Byzantine crossed Gaul and reached southern Spain sack was a relatively restrained affair. the Vandals. (Wroth conjectures. for Empire. Unlike other German tribes where they intended to settle. This, As the Vandal fleet approached the example. that some imitation Imperial which remained in Europe, the Vandals however, was not to be, In 428 lhe Roman port of Ostia Valentini an Ill's solidii were issued under Gaiseric. left little lasting cultural legacy. At the Vandals chose Gaiseric (428-477) to be cowardly successor, Petronius Maximus although Grierson states that they time. however, the Yandal Kingdom their king. In him they selected a (March-May 455), issued an edict which belong to the Burgundians.) . Small was one of the most powerful and feared powerful, aggressive leader who, in the essentially proclaimed "run for your quantities ofsilver coinage were mimed forces around, and their existence shaped opinion of historian Michael Grant, was lives!" The enraged populace stoned during the early years of the Vandal Roman and Byzantine policy in many lhe one man most responsible for the him to death. Rome was, however, Kingdom. being imitations of Imperial important ways. Like the other fall of the Western Empire. In 429 virtually defenseless and the Vandals siliqua bearing the bust of Honorius Barbarian nations the Vandals Gaiseric used the Vandal fleet to were allowed free access to the city for wilh Roma seated on the reverse. These . eventually began to mint their own transport his people, perhaps 160.()(X) of two weeks, though with the stipulation coins were usually struck on small flans coinage. For the most part these them, to Roman Africa. They soon lay -thatno people or buildings were to be that were thicker than the standard Barbarian issues are crude and ill-struck, seige to the city of Hippo Regius in hanned Roman issue. Silver continued to play and were generally patterned after 430, during which St. Augustine died. -The Vandals displaced many of the in important part in the coinage of the Imperial issues. Nevertheless these In 431 a major attempt by the Western local landowners in the regions they West after the fall of the Western coins are fascinating, and often Empire, under Valentinian ill (425-455), conquered, and their fleet dominated the Empire, although it became rare and inexpensive, relics of the peoples who to stop the invaders was a total failure, Western Mediterranean in a way which largely ceremonial in the Eastern fought the Romans during those tt:x~ng and the Vandals slowly conquered more no non-Roman force had done since the Empire. Bronze coinage was also issued times. Some caution must be exercised, until Carthage itself fell in 439. The Punic Carthaginians sLw; centuries by the Vandals, with Wroth attributing however. by the average collector. loss of Africa was a crippling blow to earlier. They plundered the Italian coast some issues to the decade preceeding the Wrolh's comprehensive work Western the already weakened West which now almost at will inspite of the occasional Vandal capture of Carthage. The and Provincial Byzantine Coins. which lost control of its major source of com. defeat inflicted on them by Roman denominations minted at frrst were 42, deals with, among other things, the In 435 Valentinian III attempted a forces (e.g. in Campania by Majorian 21, and 12 nummi, the nummus being a coinage of the Vandals, is now almost diplomatic solution whereby the [457-461)). This disrupted the much watered down version of the eighty years old and has been superseded Vandals acknowledged their ultimate established trading patterns which had denarius. Although the exact tariff in some areas by more recent allegiance to the Empire as foedl!rati. existed between the Western and Eastern varied in practice. there were supposed scholarship (e.g. Grierson, Byzantine though in fact doing as they pleased, but halves of the Empire, although the to be 6000 nummi in a gold solidus. Coins). Some of the attributions made Gaiseric would have none of it. After Vandals were not ignorant of the profits These seemingly unusual denominations by Wroth are no longer accepted. initially agreeing to lhis. he renounced to be made in trade. Coinage had long followed from the duodec!mal system The Vandals originally lived in what the treaty once Carthage was in his been a part of Roman commerce, but is today Slovakia and Transylvania. In hands and declared himself the king of the Vandals at frrst apparently saw no Please tum to page XXIlIl

ANNOUNCING AN IMPORTANT NEW PUBUCATIONI · MINE~VA

The International Monthly Review of Ancient Art & Archaeology MINERVA is an illustrated news and review magazine, appearing monthly (except July and August). devoted to ancient art, antiquities, archaeological and numismatic discoveries worldwide from prehistory to the 18th century. With regular contributors from around the world, MINERVA, published in England, is truly international in style and coverage. Feature articles will emphasize newly discovered works of art and objects of archaeological and numismatic importance leading to a better understanding of the past A monthly numismatic column will furnish readers with a lively review of the ancient coin marketplace. Regular excavation reports will include prehistoric, classical. early Christian, medieval, Egyptian, Biblical, Near Eastern, Asian. Oceanic, African and American fmdings, as well as reports on underwater archaeology. Ubernlly illustrated with full-color and black and white photographs, it will impress you with the breadth of its coverage, the forcefulness of its reponing, the knowledge and wit of the feature writers, and the sheer usefulness of the many reports and listings for museum and gallery exhibitions, auctions, fairs, conferences. meetings, as well as the abstracts and book reviews. Jerome M. Eisenberg, Ph.D., Editor-in-Olief Professor Bani Jones and Peter A. Clayton, Managing Editors SUBSCRIPTION RATES Surface Mail Nrmail I year (10 issues) U.s. $ 32.00' U.s. $ 48.00 • (Save $8 off single copy price of $4 per issue) 2 years U.S. $ 59.(X)" U.s. $ 88.00 •• (Save $21 off single copy price) 3 years U.S. $ 83.00 ••• U.s. $ 123.00 ••• (Save $37 off single copy price) Payment may be made by check or by Mastercard, Visa or Access cards (Please give account no. and expiration date), MINERVA 8 CAVENDISH SQUARE LONDON WIM OAJ, ENGLAND Telephone: (44) 1-631·3707 Fax: (44) 1-436-5189 Xliii The Gelator . Januaiy·1990 Coins of Decius Consecration issues rare Bank Leu Ltd Zurich by Thomas Walsh fixed price lists. In all only 62 coins The consecration issues of Trajan were offered. Decius (or as new evidence suggests, Table # 1 gives some idea of the Numismatics Treboninus Gallus) form a very avaiiability of this series. As you can interesting and short lived series. The see the most common is that of coins appear occasionally in catalogues Antoninus Pius by far. Septimus and dealers b'ays. All are at best scarce Severns was least commonly offered. and most are rare. Surprisingly not a single coin of Nerva The same basic obverse is common was offered. The altar type seems to be to all, with the head of the deified a bit more common than the eagle especially with Pius. emperor radiate right (I have not seen a Table #2 shows how the grades break head left) with DIVa and emperors down. I saw no coins below fine and name around. The reverse consists of either lighted altar or eagle with wings none above extra fine with most falling spread, usually leaning to the right with in the very fine category. head turned left. Around Table #3 was added to give some idea CONSECRATIO is common to all of the weights. Individual coin weights reverses. vary quite a bit with a low weight of 2.63 grams to a high of 4.3 1 grams. The purpose of this writing is to try Admittedly this survey is far from to determine just how rare these coins scientific. nor is it comprehensive as are. To do this I have used two tables many more coins undoubtedly exist. which were complied by searching more However, it may shed some light on than 500 auction catalogues and dealers this much overlooked series.

Table 1 Catalogue Appearance Every year we have an auction of very important ancient coins in spring. AI"" Eagle Total We issue occasional lists. Antoninus Pius 14 2 16 Our stock ranges from Hemitartemoria to Dekadrachmai, and Augustus 6 3 9 from Quadrantes to Multiple Aureus Medallions. Trajan 4 4 8 We actively buy and self at all price levels. Vespasian 3 4 7 Severns Alexander 3 4 7 Titus 3 1 4 Hadrian 1 2 3 Marcus Aurelius 3 3 Commodus 3 3 Septimus Severus 1 1 2 Bank Leu Ltd Ne.v, In Gassen 20 CH-8001 Zurich Switzerland Telephone (from the US) 011 4112192406 ' Telefax 0114112193306 Totals 35 27 62 Table 2 Grndes AI"" Eagle F VF XF F VF XF

Augustus 1 4 1 2 1 Vespasian 1 2 2 2 Titus 1 2 1 N"", Trajan 1 3 2 2 Hadrian 1 1 Antoninus Pius 3 5 6 1 Marcus Aurelius 3 Commodus 2 1 COINS Septimus Severus 1 1 Severus Alexander 3 3 1

Totals 5 16 14 4 12 11 Adjectives included with grades were dropped, thus reducing grades VF+ to VF, abXF to VF, VFrxF to VF etc.

Table 3 Weights Average Weight Weight Augustus 2.94,4.24 3.80, 3.17 3.537 Vespasian 3.56· 3.560 Titus 3.93, 3.56 3.745 NeNa Trajan+ 4.31 ,3.15 3.43· 3.630 Send Totkly Hadrian 3.76 3.760 Antoninus Pius 2.63"',3.22 3.72, 3.06 For: 3.18,3.18 3. 165 Marcus Aurelius 3.32 3.320 Free Illustrated List Commodus 2.86 2.860 Septimus Severus 2.76 2.760 Severns Alexander 3.35 3.350 Average weight of series 3.3687 grams. TOM CEDERLIND Weights in grams were ga thered from catalogues containing coins for sale . Not all catalogues quoted weights. P. O. Box 1963-C • Specimens in T. R. Walsh Collection. + Knoblock SaJe of May 1,2, 3, 1980 quotes lot 1211 as being "an unusually Portland, OR • 97207 heavy specimen", however no weight was given. .. " .The Celalor January 1990 .x,v

Reg. 585.00 ea. Reg. $45.00 ea. Reg. $45.00 ea. Reg. S67.50 ea. Reg. $52.50 ca. Reg. 525.00 ea. Sale Price: $42.50 ea. Sale Price: $22.50 ea. Sale Price: $2250 ea. Sale I'rice: $33.75 ea. Sale Price: 526.75 ea. Sale Price: $12.50 ca.

The Coinage of Seaby Books HALF Price ROMAN BRITAIN THE LARGEST DISTRIBUTOR OF SEABY PUBLICATIONS IN NORTH AMERICA IS HAVING AN ~. - INCREDIBLE SALE :k.", on

Reg. S 12.00 ea. SEABY PUBLICATIONS Reg. $40.00 ea. Sale Price: $6,00 ea. IN HONOR OF OUR CLIENTS Sale Price: 520.00 ea. WE ARE SHOWING OUR APPRECIATION FOR THEIR PATRONAGE OVER THE YEARS BY OFFERING A DRAMATIC 50 % OFF ON ALL OUR IN STOCK SEA BY PUBLICA TlONS WHILE SUPPLIES LAST! Reg. $50.00 ea. Reg. 530.00 ea. Reg. $25.00 ea. Reg. S25.00 ea. Sale Price: 525.00 ea. Sale Price: 5 15.00 ea. Sale Price: 512.50 ca. Sale Price: $12.50 ea. lsevarn I -BRITISH...... ISLES

Reg. 530.00 ea. Reg. 562.50 ea, Reg. 532.50 ea, Reg. $13.50 ea. Reg. 545.00 ea. Sale Price: S 15.00 ca. Sale Price: S31.25 ea. Sale Price: $ 16.25 ea. Sale Price: 56.75 ea. Sale Price: $22.50 ea.

-. COINAGIl ~ COINAGE IN FRANCE IN THE ftoru d,eOatto ....". CELTIC "''<:tpt>i

Reg. $35.00 ea. Reg. 538.00 ea. Reg. 5 17.00 ca. Reg. 525.00 ea. Reg. 516.00 ca. Reg. $32.00 ea. Sale Price: $ 17.50 eu. Sa le Price: $19.00 ea. Sale Price: $8.50 ea. Sale Price: $12.50 ca. Sale Pric~: $8.00 ea. Sale Price: $16.00 ea.

Reg. $25.00 ea. Reg. 515.00 ea, Reg. 538.00 ea. Reg. $50.00 ea. Reg. 522.00 ea. Reg. 562.00 ea. Sale Price: $12.50 eu. Sale Price: 57.50 ea. Sale Price: S I9.00 ca. Sa le Price: 525.00 ea. Sale Price: 5 11,00 ea. Sale Price: $31.00 ea. Additional Titles Available · Call or Write SEABY SLIDE SETS also on sale NUMISMATIC FINE A RTS INTERNATIONAL, I NC. (Thiny 35 mm. color slides. accompanied by printed lecture notes) 10100 Santa Monica Blvd .• 6th Floor · Los Angeles, CA 90067 Reg. 32.50 pe r se t Sale Price: S16.25 per set • For postage please add $3.00 for the first vol & 1.00 ea additional vol Telephone: (2 13) 278-1535 · ~VI The Celalor January 1990

SYRO·HITTITE HEADS terra cotta. 2,000 B.C . SUMERIAN SHELL MONEY. Syria. approx. 1-1 '11" long SYRO·HITTITE OIVINITY Earliest known mon ey, Mesopotamia, different styles $29.00 each buff colored terra colla, . 300 B.C., 7" tall. 3,500·3,000 B.C., $14 ea, approx 5Vl" tall, c. 2000-S .C .. ) $125 each different

LARGE EGYPTIAN NEOLITHIC FLINTS HOLYLAND HEAD FRAGMENTS EGYPTIAN 6,000 yrs. old! 1"·1V'" terra cotta, from household votive 26th Oyn , insc:dbe~ $14 ea, statues, 1·1'/," approx., 300·100 B.C .. OSiris. the servant and scribe, Horelh") $19 ea. . 6" tall. $495 each ------~~------

GREEK IRON ARROWHEADS ROMAN GLASS BEAOS EGYPTIAN USHABTIS c. 700 B.C., dill. shapes, ROMAN GLASS BOTTLES amberlwhite wound glass, "SERVANTS OF THE OEAO" greenish color. c. 100 B.C. W from "Home ric Time-s", oxidized. c. 100 A.D . Y2 long , 26th Oyn .. 600 B.C .. inscribed 1"·2", $10 ea. small (3" tall ... $125 each (can be strung) $9.00 each (wi th translation) 4" tall $95.00 each I W tall ... $225 each

CARNELIAN, INSCRIBED WITH ANCIENT PRAYER LURISTAN BRONZE SPEAR ROMAN BRONZE BRACELETS 15th· 16th Century, approx. 1" POINTS, 1200-800 B.C. design on terminals, A.D.·100 suitable for setting, $29 ea. 5"-6", (fine condition), $89 ••. (wearable), $25 ea. The Celalor January 1990 . XVII

ALEXANDER THE GREAT SILVER TETRADRACHMS. BC ANCIENT HOLY LAND COINS wi Extra Fine ... $325 ROMAN BRONZE COINS Head of Roman Emperor & goddess BYZANTINE HOLY LAND ALEXANDER THE AD 100-300. various types. AD 200-300. (Antoninianil GOLD COINS wl tace of Christ DRACHMS . v. nice ... $110 ,..____ (i.de.n.ti.fi.ab.le. I.$.10_ea• .____ S.i l.ve.r •...•$5.5.e.a • . _Br.o.nz.e•. .•.$.25_ea •. __ .,AD 1000. Gold ... $495 ea. AUTHENTIC ANCIENT COIN JEWELRY Bronze ... $95 ea. These Ancient Coins are set in Gold Vermeil or Silver. The Pendants have vermeil or silver chains. The Earrings are set on si lver posts.

HOLY LAND TERRA COTTA OIL ALEXANDER ril~~g~cr/DRACHM SASSANIAN SILVER OIRHAM EGYPTIAN MUMMY LAMPS & BOTTLES c. 100 BC- Drachm earrings or cuff links: .. AD 500-600 NECKLACE wIfaience amlJlet. AD 500. different styles and .To.... vermeil. .. $3501 silver ... $325 Earrings: vermeiL$110/silver ... $95 26th Dynasty, c. 600 BC. 24" shapes. $39 ea. $75 tor two • pendant: vermeil .. .$450/silver .. Pendant: vermeiL$85/silver ... $75 . wearab le. $95 ea.

+" ;,7 l~·· .' \\ ".. l : , -,

AFGHANISTAN ANCIENT ANCIENT BIBLICAL COINS BEAD NECKLACE. from Bronze widow's mites. New 3000 BC. approx. 16" long Testament. mark 12:41-44. ",earable. Lapis ... $175 SILVER DRACHM ROMAN BRONZE COIN (identifiablel $10 ea. Turquoise ... $95 200 AD 100-300 : vermeil...$2251 Earrings or cuff links: vermeil...$1151 silver ...$95 . Pendant: vermeiL$i12!j/silv~r .. $110 Pendant: vermeil. ..$85/silver. ..$75

SUMERIAN STONE BEAD PARTHAIN SILVER DRACHMS c. NECKLACE 18" long. black. grey. white 200 BC-AD 228. Different rulers . beads . c. 3000 BC. wearable . $45 ea. (V F - EF conditionl. $45 ea. XVIII The Celator . Jan~.a.ry . 1.990

Hypothesis offered Serrated coinage helped ensure quality and stability

by William Horr were issued there were very many Coins found with one or more test represents a local minting production An interesting variation which fourrees (silver plated coins) also issued cuts were no doubt done during technique of either gang molding or occurs among some types of ancient and circulated either as contemporary circulation and are the product of a stamping out planchets from pre-heated Greek and Roman Republican coins is counterfeits or as economic necessity banker or merchant recipient, and not · strips of metal with dies that had the appearance of some issues with money. In either case these "serrati" something that was done at the local serrated sloped edges, similar to a cookie serrated (notched) edges. Such coins are issues were probably deliberately edge mint. This was a test of the interior cutter. One reason for this production referred to as "serrati", These uiangular filed at the mint of issue to indicate that coin metal quality prior to acceptance by technique could be to attain some degree little notches were filed at time of issue they were not fourrees and that their an individual. Coins such as these are of uniformity in size and weight and and are more or less evenly spaced metal quality and content was good. therefore not classed as "serrati" and the thus standardize their bronze coinage. around the entire edge periphery of the Coins thus edge serrated also eliminated presence of these test cuts is undesirable Unfortunately the exact reasons for coin. The serrations therefore should the requirement for merchants and in evaluating condition of ancient coins, the precise techniques used for "serrati" not be confused with similar individual bankers to test cut the edge to assure especially when the test cut is deep and are difficult to expound dogmatically. edge notches which are referred to as receipt of good metal and also prevent penetrates a significant legend or device However, it is certain that since banker's test cuts. These cuts were acceptance of fourrees. on the coin's surface. "nothing is new under the sun", the made at time of exchange by the coin's Another explanation offered for the The issuance of the Syrian bronze ancient moneyers, mint officials, and recipient to test the quality of the serrated denarii is that the presence of serrated coins described before cannot be bankers were beset with economic and interior metal as a check against these small edge notches would deter rationalized in the same manner as the coinage problems similar to those counterfeilS. Furthennore, this type of illicit clipping or filing of the edges of Roman silver serrati even though the which have plagued the world through cutting is often deeper than that found the coins. This practice has existed to serrations were the product of the local the ages and are still with us today, such on "serrati" issues, and is usually some degree as long as coins have mints. It is obvious that there was no as, debasement of metals, limited to only one or two notches cut circulated and various devices have been need to demonstrate the interior quality counterfeiting, clipping, etc. The serrati randomly along the coin's edge. incorporated into coins in an attempt to of the bronze, or copper alloys from coinage may well have been the ancient An early fonn of serrated coinage eliminate clipping and filing such as, which such coins may have been made. moneyer's attempt to obtain public consisted of bronze varieties issued by collaring, lettering and striating of the So, why the Hbottlecap" shape? One confidence, in the quality and stability various Syrian Seleucid rulers. Some of edges, and also by enlarging the designs possibility may be that this design of the cairn being issued. these coins may have been issued at on the fJan surface to reach the extreme Antioch. These serrated coins are edge of the coin; i.e., the change from a referred to in ancient numismatics short cross design to a long cross circles as "bottle caps". Their similar (reaching the edges in 4 quadrants) on Huston list is released appearance is because their edges are silver pennies of Henry III of England sloped and the small notches are evenly was an example aimed at foiling Stephen M. Huston of San Francisco Huston issues lists about 10 times spaced around the entire periphery just clipping which was rampant at that has just released Publication 94, which per year, always illustrating every coin like a bottle cap. This leads one to time. The medieval coinages in general provides a selection of Greek and listed. A copy of his latest pUblication believe that these coins may have had had relatively thin planchets and thus Roman coins, all fully illuslTated in the can be obtained free on request by their planchets die cut originally in that lent themselves ideally to being clipped. plates accompanying the descriptive text writing: Stephen M. Huston, P.O. Box design either at actual striking, or as The Roman Republican denarii were and historical notes for each coin. 193621, San Francisco, CA 94119, or blank planchets prior to striking. however, of a thicker fabric and thus The publication also includes phone Stephen M. Huston for a free Now, we come to the moot question. more difficult to clip without mutilating instructions for the use of want lists and copy at (415) 781-7580. Why were these various serrated coins the coin to the extent of being very consignment arrangements for selling so designed and issued? In the first obvious. This fact would throw some coins on behalf of collectors, Please note that Stephen Hu ston's instance of the Roman silver denarii we doubt on the reason for "serrati" being information about coin photography, post office box was changed after the can offer the following hypothesis. mostly a deterrent against edge clipping appraisal services, and numismatic San Francisco earthquake due to a During the period that these "serrati" or filing. books. relocation of his post office.

Clip & Save • QUOTES FROM THE PAST "An idiot and a moron should Coin File give advice to each other." Lete, Macedonia Humbaba: The Epic of Gilgamesh Translated by Maureen Gallery Kovacs AR-Stater 53O-4SO B.C. Satyr & Nymph Iineuse SG 1297 Lete was a rather obscure city in Macedon and the attribution of this type TRIVIA QUIZ to that city is questioned by Sear and others. The site was claimed to Which fourth century Roman Emperor have been the native city of Nearchos, the Admiral of Alexander the bore a surname meaning "the pale"? Great, although he is generally presumed to have been Cretan. The He was married to the daughter of figure depicted on the coin's obverse is that of a naked ithyphallic satyr Crlspus, a brother of Claudius II chasing a nymph and seizing her wrist. Although the specific attribution Gothlcus and earned acclaim for is questionable, the scene is quite in line with the Dionysiac ritual scenes reuniting Britain to the empire after the popular in Northern Greece. This coin is an archaic type, with a simple usurpations of Carauslus and Allectus. quadripartite incuse punch mark on the reverse. Later examples become L somewhat______larger with the figures more carefully engraved. _ .J (last month's answer on page XXX)

INTERESTING STUFF . T[.(Et-J flE Sf>.II;I" GREAT N£WS,OPl1tuA, IDENTIFIED MEDIEVAL I ONL'I WAD TO PA'{ DtNARI FOR ISLAMIC SILVER: TN. $5eam, 5diff.$25, lOdiff.$48. 1\.115 arno 5E~RflllS!.." ANCIENT EGYPTIAN BRONZES, Mostly PIo~aiclowgrade,as they come, TI-lf:ij"'S WHE.N 1 ~NT $5eac:h. 10for$35. UNSORTED MEDIEVAL CHINESE CASH fO~ YOU! r--. ca.61S-1400AD 10101'$5. l00ior$32. Chine$(! Cash Iden~fication - book (Jorgensen) $3. 24 DIFF. IDENTIAED CHINESE CASH, ca 180 BC·l908AO,mountooon card, $32. lists leaturing moderately priced World coins, ancientand Islamicooins. Primitive money. Notgeld coins. world paper money and Numismatic books are available. Write today, stating your in!etests. JOEL ANDERSON Interesting world coins since 1970 PO Box 3016-CL, MERCED, CA 95344 (209) 722-5426 Tne Celaior JanuarY 1990 XVIIII

Black Sea Continued from page XII Coming Events ....

(0 state unequivocally that the two dies the Istros counterfeits come to light a (Islros and Apollonia) with facing heads year later (after much publicity) and all Jan. 4" 7 FUN Convention, Tampa are a product of the same hand. of the 18 specimens examined have letters and monograms which appear on Some have argued th at the Jan. 26·27 19th Int'l Coin Fair - the regular issues of lstros. Is this mere ApollonialMessembria coins were coincidence or have the Bulgarians been actually ancient counterfeits. Some will doing their homework? Jan. 26·26 Golden State Show, Pasadena CA undoubtedly argue that the Istros coins are ancient counterfeits; and some will We probably have not heard the end Jan. 27 Ponterio Auction, Pasadena CA argue that the two series of counterfeits of the tale of the Black Sea Hoard, but were actually part of the same hoard, as far as we are concerned they are Feb. 1 struck by the same counterfeiter in certainly not coins produced by ancient Ma~er Auction, Los Angeles ancient times. When the Black Sea city states, probably not coins produced hoard first came to light., it was quickly in ancient times, and practically Feb.1·4 Long Beach Expo noted that no die matches could be found speaking - not worth getting excited with existing non-hoard coins. Now. about. Feb. 3 London Coin Fair Feb.9·1D CNB, New York Ancient cosmetic items Mar. 2·4 Great American, Santa Clara, CA • Mar. 7 Glendining's Auction, London on display In Israel Mar. 15·17 CICFIPonterio Auction, Chicago by Howard Kogen much as it is done today. Make up The Israel Museum has opened a new trays of alabaster were carved in a Mar. 16·16 Northwest Show, Minneapolis exhibit featuring Cosmetics and Beauty manner as to hold many different colored Care during ancient times. A series of powders and eye shadows, and are also Mar. 25 Ma~er Auction, Los Angeles lectures was given by archaeological reminiscent of the modem kits which experts to celebrate its inauguration. are presently sold in drugstores. Oils, Apr. 1 Inl'l Coin Exchange, Berne Dr. Ya'akov Meshorer, of the Hebrew lotions, creams, etc. all had their Museum was there, and gave an corresponding bowls, flasks, and storage Apr. 6 • 6 Central States Conv., Milwaukee excellent speech about forgeries in bottles displayed with many differently antiquities and how they can be detected. shaped bronze spoons and knives for Leo Mildenburg, of Zurich, Switzerland, preparing. mixing, and applying various Apr. 11 ·12 Stack's Auction who contributed hundreds of items for types of beauty aids. Apr. 27·26 CNB, San Francisco - the exhibit, was also present for the Perfume production by distilling opening. various fragrances from different flowers Among the many topics covered was was elaborately reconstructed. Again ancient cosmetic preparation, perfume paralleled with modem times, one can production and hair styling. It was see that many fine perfumes were stored Don't forget to Tell your friends interesting to see how little has changed in delicately designed bottles of various in these fields during the last 3,000 artistic styles appealing to similar about The Celator Y"""· feminine tastes. These bottles, from the The manufacture of cosmetics from Roman and Byzantine period. have natural elements and compou nds acquired fab ulous rainbow patinas over employed many of the same substances the centuries which adds even more to and processes as used today. Then, as their original beauty. CLASSICAL NUMISMATIC BOURSE now, cosmetics sought to attain The exhibit covering hairstyling A Private Invitational Bourse For The Collector qualities that would not only artificially during ancient times covered and decorate and beautify the user for the Featuring major dealers of displayed a number of ancient utensils moment, but conuibute to health care Ancient & Early Foreign Coins used in this area. The highlight of this that would preserve natural beauty and subject, however, was the many busts from around the country. softness in the long term. A huge and heads of ancient figures which display of vessels, applicators and other REGIONAL SHOWS HELD IN sported different hair styles of the utensils were also on display. Long San Francisco, CA various ancient periods. From this handled mirrors that were ever so Chicago, IL popular in the rUSt half of this century collection one could view a number of Dallas, TX were also Quite popular during most exquisitely artistic pieces of terracotta, Washington, DC ancient periods. marble and bronze. Again, it was NewYork,NY A huge array of ancient cosmetic amusing to see the various types of hair styles of ancient times that have come "Value and Integrity" vessels was also on display. In addition in and out of fashion during the last 40 For further infonnation and an invitation to the show nearest to the large number of pieces already to you, write today. owned by the museum, many more Y"""· unique items were contributed or loaned All in all, the exhibit is rich in both CLASSICAL NUMISMATIC BOURSE from private collections. Terracotta, quality and quantity. It is a definite glass, marble and alabaster vessels were contribution to the study of ancient BOX 245, DEPARTMENT I abundant. Roman glass bottles with history, art, and social patterns, and is QUARRYVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA 17566 - decorative cylinder-shaped bodies and an excellent example of the importance minute openings were fitted with bronze of archaeology in retracing and applicators to dispense eye make up reconstructing OUT past heritage.

HOARD SPECIALS ancient & rare coins A. $475 Byzantine AE (100) fair-fine. B. $675 Greek AE with Roman Colonials (100) fair-fine claude amsellem C. $695 'Widows Mite" type lepta (100) fair-fine D. $495 Roman bronzes (100) VG-VF p.o. box 387, rye, n.y. 10580 E. $195 Roman bronzes (100) fair-fine pho ne (9 14) 939-2058 member ana ans. san, alna F. $495 Roman bronzes (500) mostly fair 14·day return privilege G. $280 Ancients (1000) mostly poor All coins guaranleed ... . , J " 'Q Please add $8 for postage and packing • _ .4.'~.' " • ." "'. " . genuine, '., ... . : ' ' .. :':,/; ..l . Without lime limit. . - ~"' ~ : ...... (I...- ,.... ·k···, ". -...... J. __'" Mission Viejo Mall, Suite 132 Mission Viejo, CA 92691 LM'486 DIN 1-5 at Crown Valley (714) 364-0990 xx The Celator January.. 1990. .. Important discovery Medie"al Bohemian heller die survives antiquity

by Michael Dennis O'Hara usually insisted on the recall of obsolete ... - Usually a set of dies would comprise dies in order that they could be fonnally a trussel or upper die and a pile or lower defaced. In fact the uJtimate fate of old die, trut the Bohemian die discussed here dies in tlle Middle Ages was to be is complete in itself, as it is for a silver melted down, as up to the Industrial bracteate denomination which only Revolution iron was a very valuable required a single implement. The coins commodity. and there was a surprising themselves are generally described as amount of metal in a coin die.3 Hussitenhellers when they appear in Recently tlle American Numismatic German auctions. Society acquired a die of the mint of It is known that iron was used for Cologne (in Northern Germany). which dies in antiquity, although bronze would they described as "the most important seem to have been the more useful access ion and one of the most important material until well into the Roman additions in quite awhile." It is stated. period. However as iron is more likely also, that this acquisition is the first to have corroded away completely it is medieval die in the Society'S difficult to know exactly to what extent collection.4 iron dies were in use. The Cologne mint (which is the it is stated by Coopert that later source of the ANS die) stored its used medieval dies usually consist of an iron dies in the Town Hall. unlike most shank with a hardened engraved steel tip other medieval mints, which destroyed or cap, this is discussed in detail in lIle theirs. In the middle of the eighteenth forthcoming publication of the recently century the Cologne mint disposed of discovered die of King Cnut.2 It is any duplicates they had of a particular uncertain whether or not the die offered die and it is believed that this is the Die Face. Enlarged 1:4. here was produced in this way - a source of the ANS die.S separate cap and shank. Further research An iron die for a silver heller. Hexagonal shank, ca. 2mm, tapering down to and analysis is required. Mr. D. R. The die offered here is of the same an OdagonaJ shape with a raised circular face. 14mm. Lion design Cooper is at present studying dies held period, but is much rarer. engraved in intaglio. ThelettelS I B (or I-b ligatured) are visible on in museums in Central Europe and has The usual system of recall and the side of the shank. These are probably the initials of the been made aware of the existence of the defacement are believed to have been in smith who fashioned the die or the mint-worker (moneyer?) who die published here. He has observed. in place in medieval Bohemia, so the engraved ft. Length 11 112 em (4 112 inches). Weigh1319.6 grams. private conversation with the writer, survival of any die from this mint is that the "octagonal" head is a most surprising. particularly from this period Type: lion rampant left, with the distinctive Bohemian "double tail". Cf. M. unusual feature! Correspondence with of major upheaval. Donebauer, Beschreibung siner sammJung bOhmischer munzen und medaillen Mr. Cooper is still in progress. The argument of accidental loss can (Prague 1888 fl.), 913. Also c/. Engel and Serrure (1890) 11/, 1306. fig 1853. Medieval dies are immensely rare. be dismissed with some certainty, since "A la ri§vo/te des Hussites (1420.s6) ure rattachent This is not surprising when one iron corrodes readily in the wrong soil. quelques HELLER unifaces au type du lion ". considers that the die was literally a and t!!e lack of serious corrosion of! this license to make money. so central mints piece is remarkable.

Speciolizing in QuoliIg CWis /rom the 51ncieni rworlJ Viken Havandjian - Michael Smith Professional Numismatists

Impression taken from die face. Enlarged 1:4.

The penalties for owning a die in to remain in action during the upheavals this period were severe, as was the of the first half of the fifteenth century. failure to account for a die in the The Hussite wars had their impact, possession of a moneyer, which leaves not only in Bohemia. but on the rest of us _to -speculate why the die has come the Western World. Porteous has down to us in this outstanding state of observed that in this period "coinage preservation. was deteriorating all over Europe". 8 Historians have been puzzled by the Silver was discovered in the second contradiction between the evident will to half of the thirteenth century at economic advance which existed all over Kuttenberg (KutnA Hora), some fifty Europe and the failure to achieve it. miles East of Prague. It was the richest One obvious reason for this failure was mine so far discovered in Europe, and in undoubtedly the shortage of liquidity A.D. 1298 a mint was opened there. caused by the lack. of specie - as had This building still stands and an been occasioned by the non-operation of illustration. before the heavy restoration important mines such as that at in the twentieth century, is reproduced Kuttenberg. The comparison between Write for our fully illustrated in 1. Porteous, Coms in History. 6 The the large handsome silver 'prager­ [

pohemia Continued from page XX

die for a heller of Cologne under Archbishop Friedich von Saarwerden 1371- 1414. No legend, the family anns superimposed on a cross. Makers mad:: on the side of the shank. 5 Cf. P. Joseph, ftDie Mflnzstempel und Punzen in dem histocische Museum der Stadt KOln", NZ 20 (1888) pp. 95- 96. 6 1969, p. 102 fig. 9. 7 Ibid., p. 102. 8 Ibid., p. 133.

9 Reproduced in Porteous, op.ciL p. 141, fig. 152. 10 Reproduced in Porteous, op.ciL p. 143, fig. 154. Courtesy of the National Museum of Prague. 11 The Cambridge Medieval History vol. VII (1959) pp. 75 and 86. Face of the die, slightly enlarged, with the implement held at an angle. 12 Ibid p. 86. 13 Ibid. p. 77. For a good background renewed minting and mining activity. in common' would not have been account of Bohemia in the fifteenth See also the fifteenth century wall helpful! 13 century cf. chapter m. pp. 65-115. paintings of moneyers at work in the The area of Bohemia is situated in moneyers' chapel on the cathedral of Central Europe in what is now modem 14 The Standard Dictionary of English Kutml Hara. tO Czechoslovakia - which shares a border /.anguag' (1908), p. 216. with seven other countries: West Bohemia in the fourteenth century 15 M . Aston, The Fifteenth Century: Germany. East Germany, Austria, the prospects of Europe (1968), p. 22. was in a splendid position as the Hungary, Romania, Russia, and Poland. premier electorate of the Holy Roman The term 'Bohemian' in modem 16 Ibid. p. 35. Empire, the seat of the imperial court, English has been defined as "a person, and (for sixteen years), the most especially a literary person, a journalist (The foregoing is extracted from important university in central Europe. or artist, of unconventional and erratic . Classical Coins Fixed Price List No. I, All this changed drastically with the habits" .14 This may well have arisen December, 1989. © 1989 by Michael Shank, slightly enlarged. ' advent of the Hussite wars in the from the French appellation for Dennis O'Hara.) fifteenth century. The economic harm Gypsies, 'boMmians', which itself arose caused to the Czech territories and the through the error in the early flfteenth chaos in public administration was century of mistaking the large influx of considerable, and is clearly reflected in expelled and emigrant Hussites of the difference in the art and quality of Bohemia for the GypsieS who happened Please•.• the coinage before and during the long to appear at about that time. I 5 years of warfare. I I Given the Check the date on your mailing label. It is interesting to note that there circumstance that these wars -not only were strong penonal connections in the If it has passed, you are in danger of not destroyed much material wealth, but early fifteenth century between the in also a large measure paralyzed all the Hussites and the English heretics (the receiving future issues. Renew today! economic life of the country and held up Lollards), but these did not last (virtually all) trade with other countries,ft and also, for 'religious ~ignifican tl y beyond a generation. 16 reasons', that "there was wholesale demolition and burning of churches and monasteries, the desb'Uction of statues, ft pictures and other works of art ; then, 1 D. R. Cooper, The Art and Craft of the survival, from this period, of such Coinmaking: a History of Minting an important artifact as a coin·die, is technology (1988), p. 29, note on fig. 12 trulyastonishing. B. FIXED PRICE LISTS and AUCTIONS Even if, as some have claimed, the 2 Michael Dennis O'Hara, "An Iron flfteenth century was a time of 'heroes', . Reverse Die of the Reign of King Cnut j"wtuMe Coins of tfu Pwkmiu with the revolt of the Albigense, the A.D. 101 6·35". with a separate spread of the Cathari, the excitement contribution by David Sellwood, and created by the writings of Wyclif and with the collaboration of Peter Huss, one cannot help feeling that the Thornton-PeU . . British Numismatic laws which some of the parties to the Journal for 1990 or 1991. conflict wished to introduce. such as 3 Grierson, N umismatics (1975), p. 'abolition of the royal power', 105. -- 'community of property'. 'the abolition 4 Annual Report of the ANS (1988), of all taxes', 'the possession of women pp. 16-17 figs 17, 18. and 19. Obvene

WHOLESALE TO ALL! Wrtte for u.,,:

100 ancient coins in flips and attributed. A diverse lot STEPHEN M. HUSTON including Nero, Caesar Augustus, Alexander the Great, Biblical "Widow's Mite", etc. Only . $475.00 postpaid, with Classical Numismatist satisfaction guaranteed I P.O. Box 193621 San Francisco, CA 94119 - USA £onJm, Coin fjtJ/oi£s (415) 781-7580 Mission Viejo Mall Office: 582 Market Street, Suite 1011. San Francisco Mission Viejo, CA 92691 1-5 at Crown Valley (714) 364-0990 XXII JI1~ Celator Denominations explained Greek coins were struck in all shapes and sizes by Harold Wedig by authors of books and articles on remain confused by the various weight Didrachm - This is a coin of two The earliest coinage known in ancient Greek coins. The term denominations encountered and their . drachms, almost always a silver coin, Western civilization began in Asia "drachma" may be spelled "drachme" or relationships, similarities, relative sometimes called a stater, particularly Minor and quickly spread to Aigina and "drachmon", just as "tetradrachmon" and values and disparity. As in all subjects. when referring to gold didrachms. In to other Greek city states. The principal "tetradrachm" are interthangeable in the we must nrst understand the vocabulary. Aigina, the silver stater was also a denomination was usually called a literatw'e. The foUowing list does not cover all didrachm as the didrachm was the largest stater, which referred to a standard Because the Greek city states were far Greek coin denominations, but only the coin struck in Aigina. from weight. The earliest staters were of united politically or economically, principaJ coins most often seen. Drachm or drachma - Probably the electrum. an alloy of gold and silver. various weight standards developed in Sta ter· A tenn most often used by most common unit. or coin, used by the As smaller coins. divisions of the stater nu mismatists to describe rather different states, even when the terms Greek states. The drachm was divided developed. They were named by the to dissimilar coins, either of gold or silver, used describe the coins were identical. into six obols and a half-drachm can be fractions of the stater that they The study of these various weight and it usually refw; to the largest coin called a hemidrachm or a triobol. represented. i.e., half-stater or standards and denominations commonly minted by government hemistater; the third stater, or trite; the representing them can be complicated, authority, or major unit in a system of Obol or more properly, Obolos - A . founh, letarte; the sixth, hectare, etc. and discussions of Greek coin coinage. The term derives from weight small coin, one-sixth of a drachm in Therefore, staters may be of gold. denominations in various scholarly or standard weight The Athenians did weight and value. According to the electrum, or silver. as the tem is used works may take up many pages spread not utilize the term for their larger Greek myth, the traditional fee charged to describe a standard coin in any metal. among many different chapters. Some coins. and thus we do not usually see by Charon to ferry a soul of the dead Beginners of ancient Greek coins are excellent brief introductions to the Athenian didrachms, or tetradrachms across the river Styx to Hades was one soon confronted with terms such as subject can be found in John Melville referred to as staters. obolos. tetradrachm, obol, triobol, uihemiobol, Jones, A Dictionary of Ancie'nt Greek Decadrachm - These were not coins and even tridrachm stater. We soon found in general use and were often used Litra - This was a small Sicilian Coins. 1986, published by B.A. Seaby, coin, or weight. the name of which was discover that the tenn ftstater" may Ltd., London, and in Greek Coins and as presentation pieces. Their value was originally based upon the very ancient apply to a didrachm. a coin of two Their Values. by David R. Sear, 2nd ten drachms and they were legal tender libra or pound of bronze of very early drachms, under one ancient Greek Edition, also by B.A. Seaby, Ltd. but not commonly placed in commerce. system, and that under another system, a The Syracusians issued such pieces Rome. The silver litra coin of Sicily Publications. 1975. weighed 0.86 grams, one-fifth of an stater is equivalent to three drachms or It is hoped that this article will help called pentekontalitra, which was a fifty Attic drachm. Syracuse issued three even four in yet another sy~m. alleviate some of the confusion litta piece and a number of them were litra, five litra. and other denominations The beginning collector may well be experienced by many collectors who signed by the engravers. These of ten, f"lfteen, sixteen, twenty, and f"lfty have recently started collecting ancient beautiful coins are often referred to as confused by different spelling of terms, litra pentakontalitron. which are interchangeable and are Greek coins and others who may have demareteions because according to the variously used by coin dealers and even been collecting for some time and historian, Diodorus, these coins were There are more denominations struck in honor of Demarte. wife of among Greek coins, as may be seen Gelon the First of Syracuse after the from the accompanying list. including .> Carthaginians had lost the battle of trihemiobol, a silver coin of one and a NuMlSMATIK . Dr. Hubert l..anz Himera in 480 B.C. and she had half obols,. and divisions of the obol Luitpoldblock interceded on their behalf in making down to 1I8th. Small gold coins were Maximiliansplatz 10 peace and they presented her with a minted in many fractions of the gold 0-8000 MUocben 2 hundred talents of gold, which was used stater down to the tiny 11 12 and 1124th West Germany to finance the presentation pieces. stater coins. The accompanying chart ~z Tel (49) (89) 29 90 70 NQ-IEN • Tetradrachm - This means, literally, Fax. (49) (89) 22 07 62 only covers four of the coin weight 'ii~'" four drachmas or drachms, the largest systems in use by various Greek: states . . Se:Dd Ihil ad for a FREE lImple of ODe of 00f lateQ auctioo catalogs and lell Wl what you are ooIlect.iDg. coin in general use by a number of It may be useful in comparing Greek states, particularly of Athens. differences and also meeting points of The influence of Athens in .early-trade the systems illustrated, and hopefully throughout Greece, particularly through may assist collectors, who, like the the decrees passed by the League of author have struggled with Dilos was considerable. The Athenian denomination-weight standard problems NUMISMATICA weight standard and coinage was spread in attempting to achieve a better grasp among the city states, which had thus of this fascinating and challenging area ARS CLASSIC A AG allied themselves with Athens in the of ancient coinage. fifth century B.C. Usually the Also, there follows a more tetradrachms of Athens were not referred extensive, though not necessarily to as staters. Philip II and Alexander complete list of Greek coin the Great adopted the Attic system when denominations most frequently ANTIQUE COINS AND MEDALS the began to strike coins and therefore encountered by the collector and a extended it over much of the known bibliography for those wishing to read world. Accordingly, it is the Attic furthel'. weight system which is most often Please tum to page XXIII GREEK encountered among ancient Greek coins.

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Denominations Continued from page XXII

ATTIC AIGINETAN CORINTHIAN SYRACUSAN Decadrachm 50 Lltrel 10 Drachm Decadrachm 43gm. 43.3 - 44.5 gm.

Tetradrachm 16 & 20 Ural 4 Drachm '"Tetradrachm" 17.2 gm. 13.6 - 15.75 gm. Dldrachm 15 LltrsJ Stater 'Ttldrachm" 12.4 grn. 12.6 gm.

Dldrachm Trldrachm 2 Drachm Stater S.6gm. 8.5gm.

Drachm Drachm Trlhemldrachm 5 Utrsl 6 OboIs 6.2gm. Half Slater "Drachm" 4.3 gm. 4.3gm. 4.27 gm.

Tetraobol Drachm 4 OboIs or 213 Drachm 113 Stater 2.85 gm . 2.85 gm.

TrIoboI Trlobol 3 Utrel Hemldrachm or 112 Dractun Hemldrachm 2.6gm. 2.15 gm. 3.1 gm.

OIobol Hemldrachm or Hekte 1/3 Drachm 1/6 Stater 1.43gm. 1.41 gm. - 0b0I 0b0I 0b0I 1 Utrsl 1/6 Drachm 1/12 Stater 1/6 Drachm "Obol" a.12gm. 1.0gm. 0.5 gm. 0.86 gm. Syracuse occasionally issued All weights shown tetradrachms of 17-17.4 gm. are average After Timoleon the litrai system and may vary. became dominant (345 B.C.)

A PARTIAL LIST OF ANCIENT GREEK COIN DENOMINATIONS

Billion Coins having a silver oontent of less than 50%, Lltra A Sicilian coin derived from the very ancient Roman often oonsiderably less (not a denomination). Pound of bronze. On the Sicilian standard the silver Chalkous A unit of bronze ooinage - bronzes of lesser value or Qu ivalent coin was called a itra (0.a6g) approximately fractions of a drachm. In later usage, it indicated a one·fifth of the Attic drachm in weight. fradion (usually 1/8) of an abol. Obol A coin of one·sixth of a drachm in both weight Darlc The name given by the Greeks to gold staters of and value; originally in silver. the Persian King ·Darius~ during the later part of Pentailira A coin of five litrai in Sicily; approximates an Attic the sixth century B.C. drachm in weight. Oekadrachm A coin of ten drachms. Not a usual denomination. Pentekontalltra A coin of 50 litrai (similar in size to a decadrachm; Normally the largest denomination was a tetradrachm. sometimes referred to as a Sicilian decadrachm). Oekalltron A ten litra ooin - a rare denomination in silver, SIgl09 A Persian silver coin. This Greek term oomes struck only in Sicilian dy states (approximates from the Semetic sekel or shekel. the didrachm of Athens in weight). Stater A standard coin or major unit in a series of coins. D lchalkon A bronze coin of two chalkoi - approximately I! may be a tetradrachm, didrachm, or even a equivalent to 1/4 of an obol. tridrachm, depending on which system it was D/drachm A coin of two drachms - some two drachm coins minted under. A stater may be in gold or silver. were called staters - usually struck in silver. Dlobol A coin of two obols. As there were six obols in Tetartemorlon A silver coin worth one-fourth of an obol. the drachm it is a 1/3 drachm. Tetradrachm A coin 01 four drachms, the principal coin or stater Olsheke l A coin of two shekels (see siglos). under the Attic Standard; always in silverexcept late in Dlslater A coin of two staters in silver, but occasionally in the Hellenistic period, when some were struck in gold (see stater). bronze. Oodekadrachm A coin of twelve drachms - very few such large Tetrobol A ooin of four obols; 2J3 of a drachm. coins were struck. One was by Macedonian Trldrachm A ooin of three drachms; not common except Derrones and one by the Ptolemaic Queen, under the Corinthian Standard (a Corinthian stater). Berenice II. Trlhemlobol A silver coin of one and a half obols (one Quarter Drachm A most common silver coin of most Greek city of adrachm). states, except for those in Sicily. The drachm Trlhemltartemorlon A coin of one and a half Quarter abols (31a of an is divided into six obols. The most common large obolor 1/16 of a drachm). Greek coin is the four drachm (tetradrachm) ·Stater·. Trlobol A three obol coin (see hemidrachm). Electrum An alloy of gold and silver - the earliest Lydian Trltetartemorlon 3/4 of an obol; rarely seen. ooins were struck on elec1rum found naturally in the bed of the river at Sardis. Hekte One-sixth of a stater. A term of Asia Minor. The BIBUOORAPHY Greek one-sixth of a stater or drachm was the Plant, R., Greek Coin Types and Their Identification, (1979, Seaby obol. Publications, London). Hemldrachm One-half drachm (sometimes referted to as a Gardner. P., The Types of Greek Coins, (1883. Cambridge). -- triobol). Head, Barclay Y., liistoria Numorum, (1911, Oxrord). Hemllitra A half Iilra, a Sicilian denomination usually in silver, Jones, John Melville, A Dictionary of Ancient Creek Coins, (1986, B.A. but sometimes in bronze. Seaby, Ltd., London). Hemlstaler A hall stater either in silver or in gold. Sear. David R., Greek Coins and Their Values, Two Volumes, (1978, Seaby L epton A term used to describe very small bronze coins. London). I! does not appear to have been an official Publications. denomination; sometimes applied to small Jewish Hill, George P., Ancient Greek and Roman Coins, A Handbook, (1964 bronzes. Argofl

Vandals Continued from page XIII

and varied slightl y from the practice established for his kingdom a nummi coins. Gunthamund and questionable loyalty. The Byzantines begun under the Byzantine Emperor constitution with the succession based Trasamund do not appear to have much, surprised the Vandals while the bulk of Anastasius I (491·518) of copper on primogeniture. which then was a if any, bronze coinage, although worn their fleet was dealing with a Byzantine coinage based on a rollis of 40 nummi. novel concept. He was thus succeeded Roman sestertii and asses countermarked inspired revolt in Sardinia. Belisarius Early Vandal bronze displayed a standing by his son Huneric (477-484) who was LXXXIII (.. 84 nummi inspite of the . met the Vandal army just outside warrior in Roman dress on the obverse married to the Roman princess Eudocia, number reading 83), and XLII (_42 Carthage and. after Gelimer hesitated with the inscription KART HACO the daughter of Valentini an Ill's widow, nummi) may have been made by the upon seeing his brother killed in the, (Carthage). and a horse's head with the Eudoxia, who, along with her two Vandals at this time. battle. defeated them and took the city. value of the coin in Roman numerals on daughters, had been carried off by Hilderic (5 23·530), the son of The Vandal king raised a new army, the revene. Gaiseric following his sack of Rome. Huneric and the Roman princess however, which was also defeated after Silver siliqua bearing the likeness of Eudocia, became the next Vandal king. Gelimer's morale crumbled when his Although the Eastern Empire was -Honorius continued to be issued under He enthusiastically adopted Roman second brother was killed. The power of not directly threatened by the Vandals, Huneric, with the reverse now showing ways, including the Orthodox, as the Vandals was now broken and the im po" il nce of Africa made it of vital the seated figure of Carthage. Bronze opposed to Arian st:C! of Christianity. GeHmer fled into the desert. He was conc..::rn. The Eastern Emperor issues show a laurel wreath surrounding This was not well received by most of finally captured and. oddly enough, Theodosius II (408-450) had sent his the standing female figure of Carthage the Vandals and Hilderic was deposed by laughed hysterically when brought best general Aspar, a German of the holding ears of com. The reverse also the last Vandal king Gelimer (530-533) before Belisarius. Sent back to Alan tribe. to Africa in 432 in a failed has a wreath enclosing the marks of who was a great grandson of Gaiseric. Constantinople Justinian arranged for a attempt to throw back the Vandals. In value NXLII, NXXI. and NXII for 42, Silver coinage of 50 and 25 nummi was comfortable retirement for the last of the spite of his failure Aspar became a 21, and 12 nummi. Small 4 nummi issued under these rulers. The reverse of Vandal kings while BeIisarius became powerful political force in the caun of coins were also issued. with a bust, but Hilderic's silver showing the standing the first Roman outside the ruling the Easlem Emperor Leo I (457-474). no inscription on the obverse, backed by figure of Carthage with the inscription Imperial family in over fi ve centuries to In 468 Leo tried again with the the mark of value NlHI. It is unknown FELIX KARTC. Under Gelimer the receive a Triumph. cooperation of the Western Emperor who is portrayed on these coins, --reve rse reverted to a designation of the Justinian was detennined, however, Anthemius (467-472). amassing a huge although it may be Huneric himself. coin's value. Bronze coinage returned to erase all traces of the Vandal fleet under the command of his Huneric was succeeded by hi s with Hilderic, with the bust of the king occupation of Afri-ca. In this he was ambitious. but incompetent brother-in­ nephews Gunthamund (484-496) and placed on the obverse. A cross appears largely successful, although he was less law. the future Emperor. Basiliscus Trasamund (496·523). In 491 the on the reverse of Hilderic's bronze, and a successful in restoring the traditional (475-476). The expedition reportedly former lost Vandal rights over Sicily to monogram on GeIimer's. Wroth further trade routes between East and West. had over a thousand ships and a hundred Theodoric the Ostrogoth, who now ruled attributes many types of imitation late The Vandals had never made up more thousand men, and cost nearly 130,000 italy. while Trasamund pursued a Roman types as being of the Vandals, than a tiny fraction of the population pounds of gold, the equivalent of a!rnost friendly policy, marrying Theodoric's although Grierson believes that few of and their fierce devotion to Arian ten million solidii. The huge armada sister Amalafrida in 500. Beginning these issues are actually of the Vandals. Christianity had brought them into reached Africa only to be smashed by with Gunthamund the silver coinage In particular. it is unlikely that, apart many clashes with the local population Gaiseric. Basiliscus returned home in now bore the likeness of the Vandal from some early issues, a Vandal king which was fiercely Orthodox. The local disgrace to an Empire that had been king with an obverse inscription that would have struck coinage in the name population probably honestly saw the bankrupted by his efforts. However, the mixed the Roman ON. for Dominus of any Roman or Byzantine Emperor, Byzantine forces as the liberators they assassination of Aspar. who. like the Noster. with the preferred German even though a reasonably stable peace claimed to be. Justinian understood the Vandals was an Arian Christian, designation for king, REX. The reverse . existed following the treaty which Zeno propaganda value o f coinage and prompted Gaiseric to attack his enemies . of these silver coins bore a wreath made. Carthage became an important mint for and capture Nicopolis in north-western surrounding a ON which here stood for The peace between Romans and the Byzantine Empire. In the decade Greece. In 474 the Eastern Emperor denarii (nummi). Lines above and Vandals came to an end with the following the reconquest a great issue of Zeno (474-475. 476-491) was forced to below the ON indicated a value of 100 ascension of the Byzantine Emperor Byzantine coinage was produced to conclude a treaty which ended the Vandal nummi. while a single line designated a justinian I (527·565). Justinian's replace that of the Vandals. This was WlU". value of 50 nummi, and the additional overwhelming desire was to reconquer largely successful, although there were Gaiseric was also active at home, and . mark: of vaJue XXV was placed on 25 the Western Empire and put down the remnants of Vandal influence. Because Arian heresy. Justinian had hopes of silver had been very important in the retaking Africa by diplomatic means local economy Byzantine silver was because of the pro-Roman leanings of minted in much greater abundance than The Most Important New Book on Roman Coins! Hilderic, but these hopes were dashed by it was in the East, though this practice Gelimer's coup. In 533 Justinian tried a ended after severa! decades. The Vandal different approach, dispatChing to Africa usage of marks of value also appeared the great Byzantine general Belisarius on several subsequent types. although. with a fleet of over 500 ships and before long these too faded and the 18,000 troops, including a large Vandals and the coinage became largely contingent of mercenary Huns of forgotten. Pegasi celebrates 50th catalog anniversary• Eldert Bontekoe of Pegasi Coins, antiquities. totalling about 200 items. COLLECTING ROMAN COINS Ann Arbor. MI. has announced the and was mailed to somewhat over 100 By Michael J . Kiely & David Van Meter release of a special anniversary catalog. customers. Contents Include: This release marks the 50th catalog Ancient and medieval coins were published by Pegasi. published in the same catalogs until the -- A Brill HiIIooy DIllie Aom.n Empir. M E>cpII.....".DltMGr~i..., Sy ....., ~ Compialion '" !h. HcwIoB ..... TkIt. This catalog consists of an expanded publications contained over 600 items. oIlhe Em __ format, with four additional pages of The SII"y 01 Ac>on- ~ CoINovI:oo'.-.iatiDn ... special antiquities section with a wide _.. T.... fa.-m Pegasi was the addition of Henry range of materials in all price ranges. Trippe, who is currently the Principle The bargain section of the catalog has Cataloger for Pegasi. Over 15,000 also been expanded and includes some items have been included in the rust 50 This Book Will: real giveaway specials for the bargain publications by Pegasi, and publications hunter. have been mailed to over 3.000 clients o Entighten and Entertain You with Pegasi Coins began operations in worldwide. Fas.clnaUng Historical Insigtrts December of 1982. however, due to the Subscription information may be o Teach YOU All You Need to Know necessity of building up a dealer stock, to Start Your Own CoIIecIiOn the rust catalog was not issued until obtained by writing to Pegasi Coins. August of 1983. This first catalog P.O. Box 4207. Ann Arbor, MI. 48106. o Help You Saye Moneyand Choose or by phoning (313) 434-3856. WISely .When Purchasing Coins included ancient and medieval coins and

..... y .... Deller 01/ Send S14.9S pill! 53.(10 I'osII&c and HIIIdIv.. III:

UURION PUBUSHINC Don't forget to Tell your friends about The Celator

•••••••••••• _ 4 •••• ••• •••••••••• , • , ••••• , •••••••••••••••••• , • , ••••• , ••••• The Celalor January 1990 xxv

of Coins the Bible If this calibre of numismatic art excites you - Reader poses question it is only one of hundreds of beautiful treasures from the past residing by David Heudin for the moment in our trays. Dear Mr. Hendin: Write for a complimentary -- copy of our catalogue. What are AE 28 and AE 48 and asses? Every article and catalog I read takes for granted that I know what these mean. I am a beginner to ancient coins, but sometimes I don't know where to begin. PRo Pa\7L RyneaRSOn Dear Reader: Well, as usual, The Celator is as good a place as any to begin. You are probably P. O. Box 4009 not alone in being confused by the denominations of ancient coins. Roman coins had various denominations in the different periods. The earliest MALIBU, CA 90265 Roman money was the rough-cast bronze from about the 5th century B.C. called aes rude. The earliest actual Roman coins were large cast bronze pieces - some almost the size of a fist. They are known as aes grave, and were first issued by the Roman Republic about 269 B.C. At about the same time the Romans also isued smaller struck bronze coins, as well as silver pieces. The bronze coins were issued in denominations known as the as, semis, triens. Jean quat/rans, sextans, and uncia. The early silver pieces were the didrachm, quadrigatus, and, later, the victoriatus. In 187 B.C. the classic denomination of ancient Roman coinage, the denarius, was introduced. It was later known as the "silver penny", and the abbreviation "I d." ELSEN, S.A. eventually became the abbreviation for the British penny. This is why the coin, obviously a silver denarius of Tiberius. referred to in Matthew 22:17 is commonly referred to as the "Tribute Penny". • Public Auctions Fractions of the early denarii were also issued in the forms of the quinarius (half) • Numismatic Literature and the silver sestertius (quarter). • Monthly Illustrated Price Lists When the procession of Roman emperors began. gold, too, became a metal of regularly issued coins and the revised list of denominations of Roman coins was as • Ancient, Medieval, Islamic and Modern Coins follows:

AU aureus _ 25 silver denarii Avenue de Tervueren 65, Bte 1 AR denarius - 16 AE asses AU = Gold AR quinarius = 8 silver asses ~1040 BRUSSELS-BELGIUM AE sestertius :: 4 AE asses AR = Silver Tel: 011-322-734-6356 AE dup:>ndius .. 2 AE asses (lip . AE as - 4 AE quadrantes AE = Bronze AE semis - 2 AE quadrantes ~ AE quadrans = 1/4 AE as

The dupondius and the as were often similar, in size and design, the main distinction being that the dupondius was often struck of the yellowish alloy called orichalcum, while the as was struck of reddish copper. The later dupondii also carry busts of the emperor with the radiate crown, while the portraits on the as usually wear the laureate wreath. StiUlater another denomination, the antoninianus, was issued, and came to replace the denarius. The antoninianus was a base silver coin worth about 1 112 denarii. With each crisis of the empire the antoninianus was more and more debased, and 'iJesLo[ eventually, under VaJerian in A.D. 260, it was reduced to a bronze coin wi!h a thin silver wash. Now, too, the normaJ brass and copper coins were no longer issued, and gold coins were struck only to pay !he troops. By the reign of Diocletian (AD 284 - 304) a complete reform was made in the 7Ae CeIoJor system of coinage in 296. His main task was to repurify the coinage and introduce new, reliable denominations. The foUis was a new bronze coin, with a silver wash, and now 1 gold aureus equaJed 20 silver argenti equaled 40 foUes. The follis quicldy began to decline in both size and weight and in 312 Constantine IgBg the Great again had to reorganize the coinage. Constantine's system was based on the golden solidus, seventy two of which were made from each pound of gold. The silver siliqua was 1/24 of a solidus. Later there were also other denominations, including the silver miliarense, 1114 of a solidus; and the gold semiss (half-solidus) and 24 excellent articles about ancient coins and tremissis (third-solidus). Bronze coins also continued declining in size and weight, and today these later antiquities reprinted from the pages of The pieces are known only according to their relative sizes, that is (from largest to smallest), AE 1, AE 2, AE 3, andAE 4. Celator in magazine format, card cover - saddle stitched (Semi questions to David Hemiin, P.O. Box 805, Nyack, NY 10960,) $6.95 postpaid Vatican publication on A great way to save your favorite articles Roman medals released Special offer: the award winning Best of The Gelator - 1988 A little known publication on soft cover format. printed on vellum along with the Roman medals, published by the paper stock with the plates lithographed Vatican Library. has recently been made on glossy (coated) paper. The medals Best of The Gelator - 1989 available to U.S. sources. The catalog depicted are of a rare nature and in some $10 postpaid for the pair. is entitled I MEDAGLlONI ROMANI E cases only a part of the medal is I CONTORNIATI DEL MEOAGLIERE available. Part of the catalog deals with VAT1CANO, and is written by Luigi medaJs used as money. M. Tocci, Conservator of the Vatican Edward A. Jencius has been accorded Numismatic Library. dealer privilege and is currently 7Ae CeIoJor The publication was released in accepting orders. The publication is 1965, and is written in Italian. The available for $110.00 U.S. and includes catalog has 420 pages, divided into three postage costs (by sea mail). Delivery P.O. Box 123 sections: Introduction (72 pages); medal time is approximately 30-60 days. For catalog (286 pages); and plates (70 ordering or further information, contact pages, 300 photographs of medals). Edward A. Jencius at P.O. Box 41, Lodi, WI 53555 The catalog is· in an 8" x 11 lf2" Brooklyn, NY 11228-0041. XXVI The Celator.. ,.' .. January 1990

Draco Continued from page I

Roman army or as part of trophies from another and preventing confusion In 357 when Constantius II paraded (scenes x x v, XXXI, LIX, LXIV, on parade." through Rome, the historian Ammianus LXXV and LXXVIII; Cichorius Plates The soldier honored with the Marcellinus described the scene: " ... the XX, XXIII, XLI, XLV, LV and LVII; responsibility of bearing the standard emperor's person was surrounded by casts 64-5, 75, 144, 158-9, 198. and was given the title "bearcus purple banners woven in the fonn of - 204·206). draconarius", two words Latinized like dragons and attached to the tops of After Trajan's successes, Dacia the standard itself. One such individual gilded and jewelled spears; the breeze became an imperial province and a is recorded on a fourth century blew through their gaping jaws so that recruiting ground for the Roman tombstone (Dessau 2805) at Concordia, they seemed to be hissing with rage, and military. The "draco" standard was modem Veneto, which was a military their voluminous tails stteamed behind doubtlessly used by Dacian auxiliary center during this period. He served in them in the wind." units organized for the army. One such the eighth Dalmatian cavalry unit, the The importance of the Danube infantry unit was the Cohort I Aelia "equites Octavo Dalmatae", which provinces and army group in the reign Dacorum. which inscriptions reveal had belonged to the field army of Gaul by of Decius is well known. He was a served in Britain as early as Hadrian and 4()(). native of Budalla in Lower Pannonia and Fig. 4 helped construct his wall. Its stations had successfully commanded the legions Draco with a short, tubular tail from included Bewcastle and Birdoswald and along the central and lower Danube. an antoninianus of Decius. was still at the latter ca. 400 according "'L_"" These were the very troops responsible to the Notitia Dignitatum military lists. for his becoming emperor, and they also How this symbol was initially Additionally. Marcus Aurelius sent faced one of the empire's greatest threats misdescribed is uncertain, but it may go 5,500 Sarmatian cavalry to Britain in in the latter half of the third century, the back to Cohen in his monumental 175, and this became the Ala Goths. And the military character of catalogue of Roman coins. It has been Sannatarum found at Ribchester in the Decius' coinage for this region is also suggested that he may have third and fourth centuries. clearly established. One coin type refers occassionally described what he thought to the two Pannonian provinces and he saw without a clear understanding or shows two geniuses with eagle military background of what it could be. Other standards (RIC 2Ib among others). catalogues, such as Roman Imperial There is also a type that refers to the Coinage and the latest Sear (which Fig. 2 anny of the entire region, a genius with illustrates the sestertius above) followed The draco during a confrontation a military standard and cornucopia Cohen's established description. The from scene LlX on Trajan's Column. accompanied with the legend "GENIUS mistake was perpetuated due to the EXERC. ILLYRICIANl ~ (RIC 16c an reputation of Cohen for his pioneering Eventually the "draco" was included example). Additionally, there is a achievement and also due perhaps to among the regionary symbols as ~DACIA ft design with the genius of the some lack of interest in the coins of this pressures on the northern frontier province holding a traditional legionary period, which do not have the glamour required the empire to recruit extemively eagle standard (RIC 36a and others). nor the finn historical sources as earlier for the legions themselves among the centuries. warlike population of its Danube provinces (the spread of Roman Fig. 1 citizenship accompanied this). Each The draoo at rest from scene legion traditionally carried many LXXV on Trajan's Column symbols, such as its eagle standard, a god or zodiac symbol, an effigy of the Another cavalry unit, Ala I Ulpia emperor, and unit awards. The founh Dacorum, carried Trajan's family name century military author Vegetius, who and was obviously formed during his may have been a minister in the reign. These troops were soon posted. to government of Theodosius I, wrote that Cappadocia and fought under gove.mor the "draco" became the symbol for Arrian in his victory over the invading identifying the individual legionary Alani about 135. Arrian selected this cohorts (an obvious transfer from the unit to lead his rearguard during the auxiliary cohorts). Every legion was march, and in the battle he deployed his divided into ten cohorts (each about 500 horsemen on his wings to protect the men) which were sometimes used as Fig. 3 Draco with a ribbed tail below Fig. 5 battle line. Later he wrote of the unit's independent tactical units in battle and Draco w#h a woff-like head and a tail "draco" standards in his military work, an ass-like head from a also occassionally detached for duties Sestertius of Decius. falling across the upper shaft. Tactica. He noted. that these standards distant from the rest of the legion. were Scythian in origin and that they By the mid-fourth century, the In the case of the "draco" design were "not only a delight to the eye but "draco" had become pan of the military That Decius honored the army and (aureus through As denominations - are helpful in distinguishing one section accoutrements of the imperial triumph. provinces of the Danube is clear. His RIC 2, 12 a and b, 112 a through f), the Pannonian coins show eagle military ribbed wind-sleeve tail is often visible standards which some Dacian legend on well struck and preserved specimens coins also utilize. Additionally. the Are you interested in of the sestertius. Because the staff is entire region's army is uniquely not moving forward, the tail usually honored. Thus, the "DACIA" coins CHOICE WORLD COINS? falls down behind the head along the with the animal-headed staff and tail are shaft (Fig. 3). This can be seen on a You should be receiving our publications also cenainly of a military nature, using photographed coin in the recent editions the "draco" standard which was well MORE THAN THREE of Sear's Roman Coins and Their known in ancient times and important Values in the section describing to Dacia, Decius, and the army. MAIL BID CATALOGUES ANNUALLY geographic references on the reverses of Conversely, the "ass's head" description Roman coins (page 31 in the 1988 makes little sense as a symbol in the edition, page 32 in the 1981 edition). Featuring RARE and CHOICE gold and silver coins of the context of the region, emperor, and situation of the period. world as well as ancient coinage and world paper money. Coin reverses from this period are often generalized and lack many details, These coins thus provide another A sample catalogue is $10.00 postpaid. so unfortunately the tail is not often example of the value placed on the visible on the smaller coins carrying the Danube provinces and legions by the Includes Prices Realized type, but some vestige of it may Roman government in the third century. sometimes be detected. There are The old battle standards of Trajan's An annual subscription is also available. The cost is $30 several variations of the representation Dacian foes had become part of the Roman military machine and were within the U.S. and $35 outside the U.S. of this. Some show a short, tubular tail projecting back: from the head as though displayed on the coinage of Decius, one blown by a breeze (Fig. 4) while others of the fITSt emperors whose life and seem to display the sleeve lying over reign were firmly tied to the fortunes of the shaft behind the head and reaching the Danube lands and army. Ponterio & Associates, Inc. the point where the genius holds the 3823 Park Boulevard staff (Fig. 5). The heads can also vary Box 33588, San Diego, CA 92103 in style ranging from that which appears 1-80().854.2888 or 619-299-0400 to be wolf-like to that which may be Licensed Auction Company # 968 mistaken for an "ass's head". Several recent dealer catalogues illustrate these, P.N.G, #31)8 Richard H. Ponterlo - President L.1tI. #2163 such as Empire Coins' list #46, coin no. 140 and Tom Cederlind's Catalogue #74, coin no. 161. , ' , The Celator January'1990 XXVII Turkish adventure Collector relates search for the ultimate forgery

by Lyn Wilson on the reverse, a coin minted in Athens the fi eld being occupied by the Cities of ancient Turkey are built on during the 2nd century B.C. magistrates' names and symbols. For top of one another. From time to time I had bought a Turkish antiquity, I me to learn more. I thought the coin had they were invaded and destroyed, burned was going to jail to be seen by a knowledgeable and rebuilt., ruined by earthquakes to rise - Reaching for a book of Coin Types. trustwonhy dealer friend.. When arriving again. Most of them built mints and Their Origins and Development by at my coin dealers office I put the minted coinage. My hobby is George MacDonald. M.A. L.L.D., I question to him that had been lurking in collectin g coins, mainly of the found plate n figure 3 to 7 referred to as, a comer of my mind, "Was it possible Byzantine period, A.D. 450 to A.D. "the later series of Athenian that someone. somewhere in Turkey 1453. tetradrachms which are helpful and could have made a fake coin from a real When I mentioned to my numismatic particularly valuable for the light it one?" My friend told me that in Turkey friends that I was planning a trip to throws on symbols of the magistrates". anything is possible. Nothing of the Turkey, I was warned away from buying The description goes on for two pages bronze follis survived my cleaning; it antiques or coins with the threat of describing Athena Parthenos on the was Greek and very shabby. the silver Athenian tetradrachm being caught and imprisoned by the obverse, and on the reverse a wreath of debased. What was left he believed to Turkish government. I took their olive enclosing an owl perched on an be a fake, not the outrageous forgery I (Photo courtesy of Stephen M. Huston) warnings to heart and flew to Turkey_ overturned amphora, the blank parts of had hoped to find, just a perfect fake. My story begins in Istanbul, a noisy city with hidden mystery around every • comer. From my hotel I looked out $95 Export Specials upon a remnant of the Byzantine world Symbolism of serpent IS and the Ottoman Empire which had "Treasure HunW. SpecIal' somehow survived destruction. I was in 200 lIlCIeaned m l ~ed ancients the cradle of the Byzantine culture and I subject of Csaki paper rightootot theglOUnd , OR couldn't buy a coin! As I reflected on Wholesale 1010' l00attributed broru:&sirornall the missed solidus or stamemon The volume of Abstracts of the Meeting of the Archaeological Institute periods 0' ancient Israel. GreeklHeDeni.tic. nomesma I might have bought I longed 12lst Annual Meeting of the American of America at the Sheraton Hotel & Jewish & New Testamenl Eta, Biblical City to be an archaeologist, to more Philological Association (Boston 1989) Towers. Boston. MA on December 27- types, Roman, Byzantine, etc. ... OR appreciate the lovely marble and brick: includes one numismatic paper. 30, 1989. The numismatic paper is Wldowsmites: Includes IIlIriouI IypeS & work, the beautiful paving, city gates "Conculcabis leonem et draconem: the scheduled to be presented at the Fifth denominations,2OtJt.gradeAVF with their carvings still discernable. Symbolism of the Serpent with Human Session, Section B, which is on or better or SO IcM gradec:oW1s. Angst, high angst. What to do? Head on Late Roman Coins, c. 450-474 Saturday. December 30, beginning a't OR Jewish Perutolo' Ihe New Testament Period, Thinking that most any coin I might A.D." by Luciana Cuppo Csaki 9:00 A.M, Jewish, Herodian & Roman (Augustus Ihn.J buy had a 50/50 chance of being a (Manhattanville College), Nero). Good mi~ofdi"erl!1t types & varieties, forgery, I decided to search for the most The paper, which presents new General topics include Greek History 30 alins (G·F) all with cIea' themes Of monos, outrageous fake I could find. As I textual and numismatic evidence, is are· and Late Antiquity. For abstracts of the 0( 15diH8(l!1talina F+~ AVF, AP A meeting write in care of the AlA, OR traveled through Konya, Cappadocia, interpretation of the much debated Ranan Colonials & Biblical City coins. Perge, Aspendos, and Side, I looked for serpent with human head on Roman 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, t>ioe selection oflarger denornin8tions strange coins, over strikes. perhaps coins of the fifth century. MA, 02215. Cost of each abstract is & ~ nMrI. 20 dilferent ODins, italian letters on a Byzantine coin. The APA meeting is scheduled to be $5.00 and checks should be payable to av&rag8graoe F or better. AINAPA Annual Meeting. OR something equivalent to an Indian head held in conjunction with the Annual SilYefseledions: 1 sheIwIofTyre,or4 penny with Kennedy on the reverse. different Roman derwii AF or better. or 2 It was on a lovely day in Side. while diff8(&rIt Roman denarII AVF or better, or viewing an amphitheater and admiring mixed Ioto' 6 dilferent tilwrcoln. including 2 Davisson publishes list Greek. 2 Roman & 2 rrid-ages vn~es, an excavation near a collapsed aquaduct. that a little boy came up to me speaking $9s includes postage, har.dling, etc .. , An words I won't tty to duplicate. He was of year end specials coins are attribuled. histork:ally doaJmeolad & showing me a coin held between his displayed on O&r'IJ'icates 0' authenticity (Except Treasure Hunter's Speciat), For fingers that upon close inspection had at Davissons Ltd. has marked the year in better grades and at modest prices is immediate shipmenl send orderwith payment least 2()()() years separating heads from end with a special list of ancient and presented with some coins illustrated. (personal d'leckl OK) 10: tails. Justinian I A.D. 527 on one side. British hammered coins for sale. and a lovely little owl on the reverse. The list includes a number of special In addition to the ancients and British H. Kogen Greek B.C. It looked as though it was a purthase offerings including silver coins coins. Davisson offers a number of p,o, Box 2137 follis. quite black. with din and grime, from Ionia. unauributed Roman bronze Colonial American coins. For a copy Natanya 42121 Israel but with some bronze showing through. lots, and groupings of larger Roman of Davisson's year end list, as well as My mind racing with forgotten bronzes. Coins of Biblical significance subscriptio n information write to 11 you are not on my mailing tist, information about dies, I decided to buy are also featured, Davissons Ltd., Cold Spring. MN write for free illustrated catalog, the coin. It's price. $1.00. Dropping it A special offering of Byzantine coins 56320 or can 612-685-3835. into my pocket. I boarded the bus and continued onto Canakkale. Troy. and eventually home. Settling into my regular routine at home, I again looked at my fake treasure, a wonderful reminder of a delightful trip. however, a very dirty coin. I decided to clean it up some, not too much, mustn't lose the patina. I submerged the coin in heavy mineral oil overnight. The next day as I vigorously rubbed it clean. I watched Athenia emerge and Justinian disappear. The Ancient Coins bronze was gone from the coin, having rubbed off onto the cleaning cloth. A silver head of Athena was looking to & Antiquities my right, an owl clutching an amphora

For Serious Collectors You don't want Occasional Lists to miss even one issue of The Ceiator Subscribe today! XXVIII The Celator January 1990

- ~ " EVENINGS Andmt t\rtifacts ":::: (301) 876-7140 Of RARE , ~ I""'. (301)235-1696 GREEK &. CDtns COINS HELlOS ROMAN • Specializing in the MEHRDAD Olrl 7iJorlrl :JInli'{uiljes Coinage of Judaea and SADIGH Ancient Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Etc. WORLD COINS Artifacts. Bronzes, Statuettes, * Ancient 3035th Ave. Pottery, Amulets· Send for froo list • •• Room #1603 > Momber: Antiqullies Dealers Assoc. * Medieval No Lis/Issued P.O. Box 25 New YOI'k NY WHtmlnster, MD 21157 * Modern ••• 10016 William M. Rosenblum U.eOIlI'" Fort Washington PA 19034 312-743-209 1 (602) m -7144 "W 2151275·3430 KEVIN R_ CHEEK 2800 S. UNIVERSITY #22 DENVER, COLORADO 80210 tfiIJ{]) '/IJ{GlfJJ{'F USA ]olUlthan K. Kern (303)-329-5922 AUCTIONS Bachelor or Arts '1'R@YISURfJS February 1st - Numismatic Please call or send us your Numismatics Books & Related Literature want fist 9:00-5:00 M·F Ancient, Medieval, Early American Numismatics /'!l. Catalogs $5 each March 25th - Ancient Coins The Time & ClaSSical AntiqUities : Calalogs $1 0 each Machine Co. JOEL MALTER & Co. Rne Archaeological 16661 Ventura Blvd. Suite 518 M and Coins Encino. CA 91436 USA 444 S. Ashland P.O. Box 282 - FkJshing Sla. MAIL: P 0 Bo,777 Lexington, KY 40502 Queens. NY 11367 Encino CA91316 USA (718) 544-2708 (606) 269-1614 (818)7847772or784-2181 1he Celalor January 1990 XXVIII I

Ancient -- Lucien Birkler CALVIN J. ROGERS & ~ ~ & Co. Greek 'i\RTI-IU~ J. LIN~ Professional Numismatists ~ Classical Roman ancient cOins ~ Numismatics ~ ...~ Write for our Coins Write for r iif2 '.~ free list of illustrated catalog Greek, Ancieru & and books about them ~.{~ i Medieval RFD 1, Box 240 '" :,)) Roman, ~"J ."'/ Byzantine FREE SAMPLE Wallis, TX 77485 (409) 478-6796 and Medieval coins Fully illustrated CATALOGS list free upon request We atlend most major auctions Thomas P. McKenna and will represent you P. O. Box 7233 P. O. Box 1356-E DAVIDP.HERMAN • 1707 L. St. NW SuH. 250 Redwood City CA 94063 FI. Collins, Co 80522 Washington D.C. 20036 (415) 369-1508 Classicial Numismatist - 202·833-3770 (303) 226-5704 Attroctiw ~illStJI rttU611Ublt priers. Writ.for yoW" mmpI, caJaIog:

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THOMAS D. WALKER P.O. Box 29188 Dept. C ( Wholesalc ,, @oins,aII;) Oma,Hamidi San Antonio, TX 78229 Numismltist (512) 696-5393 1ionllon Qloin (f)/Illirits P.O. Box 10.H7. TOH:lfl(C:. CA 90)0) Subscriptions: one year, al least 4 (113) .,30-4303 issues, $15.00 U.S. & Canada. $25.00 Suite 132 Mission Vieio Mall Foreign. Write for a complimentary copy if Mission Viejo, CA 92691 you havenl seen rrrt lisls. (7_14)364·09900[582-3481 .. xxx ·The.celator January 1990

Letters Continued from page II

As a novice collector, I would like to Thank you for the thought provolcing know if you could suggest any books or essay "Classical coinage qualifies as a publications which would give me some major art form" by Wayne Sayles. insight into the value of Roman coins? I remember being quite shocked when - 1 have a copy of Roman Coins and their I first read H.W. Janson's introductory Specialist mAncient Coins ARGOS Values by David Sear and have found it comments (page 121. History of Art) aJ.ro stock World Miner Coits.r, M~, to be a good text. however many of the about coins and their lack of artistic C,OwtV. Anijuu, BookI tl1Id Coil! ctJ.JU ~UMlSMATICS coins I have looked at recently aren't in merit. However, to be fair to Mr. Our inventory is amooa the tiDe8l ia Ame:riCII, Attractive Quality his book. Could you suggest a good Janson, it should be pointed out that he duo 10 maintainiog!he IDOIl active eooVenliOli Greek & Roman Ancient Coins supplement to this? then goes on to explain why ancient schedule C'L aU ancient coin dealers" we buy aDd Greek coins frequently "form an sell a uemendws selcdioa C'L alltype& C'L Price Lists numismatic material. Riecke Claussen exception to this general rule." Mr. Auction Representation Want List Service Colorado -Janson follows with a discussion of the ESPECIALLY NEED importance of Greek coinage to the Gold and Sliver or the 12 Caesars P. O. Box 4102 (The onl, practical supplement to Da llid Clifton, NJ 07012 understanding of Greek ar!. He also Sear's boo" is an accwnuiaJion oj Que/ion We atteod aDd will represen1}'3l at major (WI) 744 - 8146 cal(J}ogs andflUd price lists.) exuberantly discusses five examples of auclions. In the pu t two ytan we have Greek coinage that represent the compleled five selS d the 12 Caesars in gold. ••••• Archaic, Severe, Classical, and GEORGE M. BEACH Hellenistic styles of Greek art. Numiscellaneous THE CENTURION As a recent acquirer of the coin of Considering that Me. Janson was p.o. Box 113, Owosso, MI 48867 Tiberius mentioned in William Harr's writing for a general audience. hi s (5 17) 634-5415 ANCIENT COINS -- conunents about coins seem appropriate yww in article (December. 1989), I can attest to Ovee 20 business the fact th at seated Tiberius (plus and commendable. OFFERS HIS propaganda) is on the obverse which is In his article, Mr. Sayles also MAILING LIST one reason I find it interesting. I'm sure discusses the interrelationship between Say you saw it in .. aUI Mr. Harr made a minor slip or it is a ancient metal workers and celators by typo but it should be pointed out. comparing the gold wheat votive FOR SALE (catalog no. 65, The Search for Christian BIom lArry OIi vena Alexander ). found at Syracuse. with the California grain emblem on the coins of Metapo ntum. An even closer Greek, Roman and Call (503)* 236-9939 (yOll are correct, the semed Tibuius is on 1M relationship, for this example, can be World Coins FOR PARTICULARS obverse. TIuJnk. yOIi lor pain/ing Ihis Oul.) seen in the Syracusan tetraclrachms by Eukleides. Euarc hidas. Kimon, write for free sample list _. ••••• Parmonides, and Phrygillos with a 2504 N. Quantico St . . delicately rendered grain ear in the Arlington, VA 22207 The Professional Directory - Congratulations to The Celator for exergue. 703-533-3119 is your Index to a variety including Dan Clark's article in the As a numismatist who is particularly noon to midnight of sources and services December issue entitled " Appreciation interested in art, I am looking forward to In Value Not Limited Soley to future articles. in The Celalor, on the Rarities". It is heart-warming to hear of beauty of ancient coins. other collectors who admit to their enjoying ancient coins in the historical­ aesthetic sense rather than boast of their Larry Sekulich use as an investment vehicle primarily. Michigan What could be more unpleasant than a large advertisement which tries to equate $5.00 forlhe first 20 words, 20¢ each add~ionat word. the virtues of ancient coin ownership (No off~fU~ inlended /0 Prof. iallSon. but with something like pork belly futures'! Greek numismatic arl is only ~ chapler in The other ancients: A fri ca . My hope is that this peculiar marketing lhe hislory of man's clillural awareness as Roman AE-3s. AE-4s. AE radiates; Mideast, India, Southeast Asia, the fully & easily attributable. F·VF, good approach won't serve to discourage the expressed in coinage. We prefer 10 lake a Orient. Primitive Monies. Books. too. patina, no slugs; 10 diff. $65; 25 mixed beginning collector. somewhal broader view. Thanks for poinling oullhe SyrQCusan represenlaJiOllS . Free list. Semans, Box 22849P. $130. postpaid; satisfaction guaranteed. lhere are of cO llrs~ many olhers as well. SeaaJe, WA 98122. MCiVISA ok.. Elysian Fields. Box 35. Frank de M. Hill, M.D. Stay luned/or more on art!) Horicon. WI 53032 California Roman coins: Italian collector sells ••••• ••••• very fine duplicates accumulated over SOLICITING OFFERS on my the last 25 years - will consider trade ancient coins. Write for free printout. proposals - still actively buying Simon Cordova. Box 2096. Citrus Romans - write to: Giorgio. P.O. Box Heights. CA 9561 1; 916-961-9937. 704. Road Town, British Virgin Islands. West Indies. Computer filing (mM): List. Sort, Print out your collection. Easy. January Special! Superb coin powerful. Shareware. $10 postpaid. photography at now-or-never prices: Bob's. 100 Overlook. Willow Grove. Kraay/Hirmer - "Greek Coins". Fine, PA 19090. $399: without Oil. $369. Sutherland­ '"Romo.n Coins". Fine. no Dll, $99 . . OVERPRICED? OVERGRADED'! -- Whitting - "Byzantine Coins". Fine, $79. Breglia· "Roman Imperial Coins: Our ancients and antiquities are Art &: Technique". Fine. no O/J. $69. conservatively priced and graded. Try Gorini - "MonetaziOM Incusa Magna us! We have Greek, Roman. medieval. Grecia". Fine. $49. All postpaid. and coins of many areas. Dorney's. Box Stoffel Vogelaar. Mulrany. Westport, 493362C, Redding. CA 96049-3362. Mayo. Ireland Subscribe to the only full service newspaper Greek, Roman, Medieval coins. MACROPHOTOGRAPHY -- For Monthly catalogs with very reasonable specializing in ancient coins and antiquities: artifacts. Coins. and stamps. We have prices and discounts issued for 23 years. the lenses. stages. and patience. Francis 1. Rath. Box 266. Youngstown, ••••••••• _ Clip & Mail _ •••••••• Pittsburgh and Tri-State. For display • NY 14 174. sales, or presentation. Joan and Lois, : Please include me as a subscriber to The Celator: : YOU MAY OBTAIN (412) 343-9607, or (4 t 2) 343-3819. LARG E TAX REFUNDS ~_ ,.... _ """' and • Name : • s ps k> ~owdc:apped chIdren. For --.. Wanted -- Cyzicus (Mysia) coins. free useful" !ion and the oow 1985 • Address: • Greek bronzes. Greek Imperial bronzes rules (writtan by a tax-attomey) wri1e: • City: Slale:_Zip: • (including autonomous). XF Byzantine; THE NUMISUATlC INSlTTUTE also from Cyzicus Alexander III and P.O. Box 7476 ChicaQo Il60680 : Enclose $24.00 for 12 issues (u.s. and Canada; $48 All Oiheraddres5eS.) : Lysimachus silver; also Priene (fonia) coins ; send descriptioolstandard reference • Mail To: The Celator, P.O. Box 123, Lodl, WI 53555 • Dec 89 • Trivia Answer: and price. Will trade for ancients or ••••• • • • ••••••••••••••••• silver bullion. Roger Liles. 101 65 "Ernesa" Bouler Knolls, Escondido,. . CA..92026,...... - ...... _...... _._ ...... " XXXI Paid Advertisement

Dear Ceiator Reader: attended from start to finish. A bunch of us were so slap-happy at the - end that we went to Ray's at around 1 AM for pizza, as we never got to eat Well the party is finally over and I sh in my NJ office, watching the any supper. I also attended Christie's, Stack's, and Victor England's sales snow coming down and trying to get my tired brain to be able to organize and each were very well run, filled with eager buyers, and featured coins in some semblance of order the panoply of events which made up this that in many cases were selling for prices in excess of the exact same year's New York International. coins which were available (or soon would be) on the floor of the show. A First off, some comments on the show. What a pleasure to attend a lot of buyers feel comfortable in auctions as they see other people show as well organized as this one was. Hat's off to Gina Tordella and bldding and I guess feel that at worst they are only one bid or so above Ginette LaGoffe who have discovered that using a computer is so much that of other collectors. What is often not apparent to them is that the easier than the reams of scrap-paper that seem to be used by many of the other collectors feel the exact same way and thus the prices reach current show organizers. One had the right number of cases, badges levels in the auction room (and you must remember to add on the were ready, and in general, it could not have been easier for the additional 1 0% buyer's fee) which are in excess of the exact same coin if multitude of foreign dealers in attendance, many of whom are not totally bought privately. There had been a lot of worry prior to the show by many fluent in English. dealers that the sheer mass of coins being offered via auction would , As for business, Incredible. I have never been busier at any show detract from sales at the show, but I could see no evidence of this and certainly it seemed amazingly busy, even for The International. The happening. I know not every dealer had a great show as I heard a number whole 3 days of selling seem, in retrospect, to have gone by in a blur. I of complaints and even some total sales figures, but one has to bear in - always seemed to be showing something to someone, and busily writing mind that this is the N.Y. International and that coins which do well at invoices while others waited in line to receive their selections. If some of local shows are simply going to pale in comparison to some of the material you wanted to see me and could never seem to be able to get a clear that was on offer and that a buyer will figure out that he can always get that space at my table, I do apologize. In retrospect, I know that I did not see F-VF sestertius, VF denarius, or lower end hoard Greek silver some other some of the usual faces that are normally seen at this show, and in fact, I time. A sort of feeding-frenzy attitude seems to develop at these was not even aware that some dealers were there at all, except in looking special shows such as N.Y. Int., COINEX, etc. and it certainly is back at events. debilitating for all. What was hot and what was not?? First off, I was amazed at the interest being shown in Roman large bronze. I have never sold as many sestertii AFTER JANUARY 10, 1990 WE WILL BE & asses as I did at this show. I think that many buyers, whether they are IN OUR CALIFORNIA OFFICE collecting or investing, have figured out that early Roman bronzes are indeed very scarce in general, certainly very scarce on the marketplace, You have to be really dedicated to LOVE N.J. winters. and have been neglected in a great part due to the undue (perhaps) pressure being put on ancient gold & silver. It is a fact that our suppliers, UpCOMING SHOW SCHEDULE: (It is a bit complicated so please the ones especially from the Middle East. almost never have Roman pay attention, take notes, post this on the refrigerator, etc.) bronzes whh them. The salesroom is almost the only source, and it has been noted in Europe for the past 2 years or so, that nice quality Roman F,U,N, SHOW: January 4-7th in TAMPA FLORIDA at the Curtis bronzes have been bringing very strong prices. In particular, Sotheby's Hixon Convention Center. This is a 4 day show (Thurs. - Sun.) and in London has gotten amazing prices for nice sestertii and the recent show hours are probably 10-7 each day. We will be at table 534 for Aufhauser sale in Munich got truely incredible prices for the run of Roman this show. This is a huge & excellent show and we urge our Deep 2nd bronzes which they had to offer. Up to this point, most of the U.S. Southern clientele to try to attend. dealers have been both emphasizing and selling that which is easiest to come by, ie; Greek silver, Roman silver, and ancient gold. If you really SAN JOSE SHOW: January 19-21, at the NEW San Jose Convention look at the ancient market, it is fairly easy to see that ancient gold and Center at San Cal10s & Almaden Blvd. Show hours are 10-7 on Fri. & Sat. silver is far commoner than early Roman bronzes. I have actually and 10-5 on Sun. This will be a greatly expanded show and we urge our been saying this for some time, but buyers listen to whomever they want Northern California clientele to try to attend. to and very rarely do they examine the market in depth. Obviously if a dealer infrequently has top quality Roman bronzes and if they have no GOLDEN STATE COIN SHOW: In Pasadena California, real source for same, they will recommend that which they can easily get January 26-28th at the Pasadena Center on E. Green St. This is a brand and easily replace. At the N.Y. International, we had the largest new show incorporating the old shows of Cal. State, C.O.I.N., N.A.S.C., display of Roman early bronzes of any of the world's leading ancient & S.l.N. Obviously the emphasis will be on foreign and ancient coins and dealers and were seemingly overrun by buyers eager to get a top we hope all our clientele in Southern California will support this new sestertius of Claudius or a dupondius of Trajan in choice EF. effort. Please note the show hours noon-7 on Fri., 10-6 on Sat., & 10-4 The other thing that I find really odd about the Roman bronze market is on Sun. We will be at table 12 for this show. that so much attention is being paid to the early Caesars and so little attention to the sestertii of the later Emperors. It simply does not make LONG BEACH: In Long Beach california on Feb. 1-4th. This is a sense for a top quality Claudius sestertius with a totally common reverse 4 day show and if you have never attended, is a must. The show is to be worth $5000 - $8000 and a Caracalla with a rare reverse to be worth huge but has a separate section for ancient & foreign dealers and is $2000 and a Gordian III in spectacular EF to be worth $650. I have a always a huge success. The show is at the Long Beach Convention feeling the knowledgeable buyer is going to be rethinking this situation Center and show hours are 10-7 on Thurs., Fri., Sat.. & 10-3 on Sun. We shortly and that the Roman bronze market will see some drastic price are at our usual location, corner table #356. corrections. Besides Roman bronzes, the market was very strong at the N.Y. As usual our regular customers will get show letters and the exclusive International for top quality coins, and if they were rare so much the Saslow Ancient Market Report (if you think our comments are hard­ better. We had a lot of the European dealers come by and buy ancient hitting in The Celator, you should read our in-house distributions.) gold, particularly if it was really nice, or material that is seldom offered on the marketplace. And for the record, the dollar was basically at the same TO ALL OUR CLIENTS AND FRIENDS WORLD-WIDE WE level this year as it was in 1988 and 1987. Roman silver of the 12 WISH YOU THE BEST OF THE HOLIDAY SEASON AND OUR - Caesars was very much in demand with very few dealers having really top HOPES FOR A HAPPY, HEALTHY, & WEALTHY NEW quality examples and buyers trying to add or upgrade denarii for their YEARS. sets. Greek silver was also strong, but so many of the dealers currently have exactly the same material, as they buy from the same sources, that Arnie & Charly Saslow and Richie Schneider (our incomparable show the buyer is being very careful in terms of price as he has a number of assistant). examples to choose from. It is very noticeable that the sources of ancient coins are gradually being condensed into those who can independently buy and those who must rely on vacuum-cleaner operations where all coins from certain areas are currently being funneled into one or two major operations. These buyers will now buy anything being offered and if you have noticed that a number of European auction houses now seem to offer virtually the exact same material, what I have just commented on begins to make some sense. Rare Coins & Classical Arts Ltd. It should be noted that one such combine from Europe imported into "Specialists in Museum Quality Coins" the U.S. for the show over 70 kilos (154 Ibs.) of ancient coins, mostly Member: ANA, ANS, SAN, AINA, INS, Fellow RNS silver, mostly lower grade, and certainly the scavagings from recent hoards (say the last 5 years) that have sucked up from many hands and combined. As part 01 this incredible mass, they had almost 10 kilos of Lyslmachus tetradrachms alone. P.O, Box 374 P,O, Box 699 As for the auctions, you needed 2 things. Incredible stamina and South Orange, NJ 07079 Palm Desert, CA 92261 deep pockets. The Superior auction for example ran on almost unbroken Phone: (201) 761-0634 Phone: (619) 345-7161 for 6 1/2 hours (up to 12:30 AM on Mon.) and was incredibly well XXXII The Celator January 1990 Harlan J. Berk, Ltd. - RNC lENT ROMAN SILUER COINS 193-253 AD -

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each $45 10 for $400

Harlan J. Berk, Ltd

PNG 178 31 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60602 ANA - LM 762 (312)609-0017 FAX (312) 609-1309