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THE CELATOR: Rbi Museum of Art in Madison, Wisconsin Vo14, No.1 Numismatic Art of Antiquity JANUARY 1990 $2.00 Roman Africa Vandals issued crude silver and bronze cOinage• by Ron KolIgaard The great migration of ttibes which The Barbarians who attacked the precipitated the fall of the Western , Roman Empire in the fourth and fifth Empire began with the still unexplained centuries, eventually bringing down the expansion of the Huns, which came to ...J~~ J Western half, were a varied lot, although the attention of the Romans in 376 '_ ' " ~ V~. NDAlS the ultimate goal of most tribes was during the joint reign of Valens (364- ~ G ERM A !:)~ similar: They desired fertile lands on 378), Gratian (375- 383), and which to make their homes . Much of Valentinian n (375-392). As the Huns the land which attracted these tribes lay moved West the loose confederations of within the confi nes of the Empire, Germans were disrupted and the tribes ~~ although this was not necessarily to the were forced to move before the invaders disadvantage af the Romans. Social and and into the Empire. The German economic fac tors, as well as epidemics, tribes, unlike the Huns, had already were depopulating major sections of the become partially Romanized. Most } __ . ~ro I 'i,.,. ' . ~- " ., .. ,.... .,.." ("' Empire and these provided areas for were Chris !;n:1S, although of th e ~_ ~l.~. ' -p');,. , . ~ .. ? Barbarian settlers. Barbari an herNical Aridn sect. Once these groups ~ ;;"~ ..~ ~ . ,h,., 0 ~ ~ ~. contingents were also needed to fill settled down they tended !O become even ..........V·A·N·O·A-L'"';'" j'"~''' ~ () ~ ;. ,, ~ .. ,~ : more of the Empire's military needs. more P0manized, although c ultural Although from the modem vantage we forces were also already at work dividing .~ /lfedlrerrarrea,. Se(l f C;!.'1 see many ways in which Barbaria ns Europe ;flto what was to eventuaUv Ad vance 0 ~ ~ - "'.. 0 .I,,,,,.,k-,,, and Romans may have cooperated for beo . lk~ ir, V,ln,'us nations. the Vandals . ~'.'~"''''.~~'''" . their long te rm mutual benefit, such A Pl'iiT. ;" destination for many tribes was not generally the case at the time, was Non .. Africa. Africa had replaced and the acceptance of Barbarians as Egypt as the source of most of the city loomed in the imagination of many feeble Honorius (395-423), but was [oedemti within the Empire, a practice of Rome's corn, and Carthage had German chieftains. Alaric of the unable to do so because of a lack of begun by Theodosius I (379-395), was become one of the Empire's greatest Vis igoths considered an invasion of shi ps. This cru cial element was easil y probably not conceived as a permanent intellectual and cultural centers. The Africa after their sack of Rome in 4 10, Please tum to page XIII solution. rich agricultural soil in the province during the reign in the West of the ) Trajan Decius Draco was used as a standard for Roman legions by S teven Showers "DACIA" and shows the genius of this This identification is inaccurate. This unearthed in a fort at Niederbieber in There appears to be a widespread province holding a staff sunnounted by symbol is ac tually a "draco", the dragon Roman Upper Gennany, and this variant mistake in the catalogue descriptions of an animal's head with pointed ears. The military standard originally carried by bears a clear resemblance to a crocodile's a coin type belonging to the Roman coin type of Decius is also repeated Scythian, Sarmatian, and Dacian head emperor Decius (AD 249-51). The under Aurelian. Thus far, the animal warri ors and later adopted by Among the first ancient references to re verse design utilizes the legend has been described as an "ass's head". detachments of the Roman legions. thi s standard are the twenty-one The "draco" standard was a hollow, representations of the "draco" depicted metal animal's head, usually in the form on Trajan's Column, the monument in of a wolf, with open jaws and a ribbed Rome dedicated to his wars of conquest wind-sleeve tail of cloth that would flow in Dacia from 101 to 106. Six in a Miscellanea .. .. .. .. out behind as a pennant (Fig. 1) . When serpent fonn are found on the base: two the soldiers charged into battle, the air on each side except the southeast which hissed as it rushed through the jaws, and is occupied by the door, plaque, arms, • Kolbas to lecture on Mongols the tail writhed like the body of a and Victories. On the sculpted shaft the Judy Kolbas is scheduled to give a lecture on t he Conquest o[ Baghdad and serpent (Fig. 2). It may also have been other fifteen examples are shown either Mongol Minting Techniques to the Royal Numismatic Society. The lecture useful to archers as an indicator of wind carried by Dacian troops facing the will take place at the Society of Antiquaries, Burlingwn House, Piccadilly, speed and direction. A bronze example Please tum to page XXVI London, at 5:30 p.m. on Tuesday, January 16, 1990. of this type of standard was recently • Claridge speaks about Romans Amanda Claridge will be speaking on the Romans on the /..aurentin£ INSIDE Coast for the Archaeological Institute of America - Madison Society on r" .... Wednesday, March 14, 1990. The lecture is to be held in the Elvehjem THE CELATOR: Rbi Museum of Art in Madison, Wisconsin. ;;,,&> -.'"0_ • Conference to discuss pilgrimages ~~5 "Peregrinatio Pilgrimages and their Destinations" is the theme of the 12th Point of View II 81'"'"'~ International Conference of Christian Archaeology, to be held in the Book News 1111 University of Bonn from the 22nd to the 28th of September, 1991. The People VI discussions will be divided into general topics including: travelling in the Market XII ancient world and non·Christian pilgrimages; motives of Christian pilgrimages; archaeology and architecture (centers of pilgrimage and cuh­ Calendar XVIIII U-" buildings, and the context of the cult-building); and itineraries, maps, and Coin File XVIII .. ~ - n souvenirs of pilgrimages. Conference languages include Gennan, English, Trivia XVIII r-o • French, and Italian. Summaries of the plenary lectures will be available Prof. Directory XXVIII 2: : - ~ before the conference, and all papers presented will be published following the Classifieds XXX ;;. conclusion of the conference. Also planned are an excursion to Cologne, ~~ t:~ ~o including visits to local excavations, and a visit to Trier. ~ ~ II The Celator 7he CeloJor ~ Letters to the Editor Dear Editor: somewhere in print. The fact is that Point of 7Iiew • • • Lepidus' portrait also appeared on I was interested to see you were several gold coins and these are fully Commentary by Wayne G. Sayles offering new contributors a free year (a discl! ssed and illustrated in Theodore V. new policy I missed by being too early Buttrey'S Th e Triumviral Portrait Gold with my fltSt piece). I have been paid of Ihe Quatluorviri Monetales of 42 s we go to press, the simply not fair to lay the guilt of site for my two articles in a real sense by B.C. (A.N.S. publication of 1956). Archaeological Institute of destruction upon innocent collectors by the contacts made from dealers/collectors Although the situation changed inferring that all antiquities were A America is preparing for its of similar interests. In some cases you rapidly in 42 when Lepidus turned over 91st annual meeting in Boston. The obtained illegally. forwarded letters to me while others had. seven of his ten legions to his Since it is legal to sell and export AlA is an organization which we have my address through other sources. I colleagues for the campaign against faithfully supported and which we have antiquities in some "source" countries, have enjoyed hearing from collectors of Brutus and Cassius in the East. while he how could the collector ascertain the heralded for its contributions to the Severus and fouerees (both very remained in Rome to preserve order provenience, the date of transfer, and dissemination of knowledge about the unpopular areas to the investment there, Lepidus had received both Spanish therefore the legality of any particular ancient world. oriented majority). An aspect of fourree provinces and Southern (Narbonese) We have also supported the piece? Is it to be assumed. in every collecting I had never known before has Gaul in the initial distribution of lands association's view condemning the case, that exportation was illegal1 Is surfaced: I have been offered several and his pOSitIon was not so plunder and destruction of archaeological the collector guilty until proven coins as fourree that were solid silver. insignificant as it would later appear. Is sites. We now have serious concerns, innocent? the AlA now to assume Overzealous cleaning causing and however, about the direction the AlA is the role of judge jury? exfoliation makes an ugly silver-over· Richard Weigel heading in their effort to preserve We have previously stated our silver coin not at all of interest to a Kentucky cultural resources. Coming before the disagreement with many of the current fourree collector. I am glad you have so membership this year is a new laws governing the exportation of much material awaiting publication. proposition affecting the AlA member antiquities, especially from the Middle Variety of material makes the paper ... "'''' code of ethics. The proposition states East. however we respect the right of interesting. I hope you will give notice that a member of the AlA will -refuse those countries to implement and when you need contributions. I enjoy in in trade in to participate an y way the enforce those laws . We feel the matter small features like the New Finds. I 1 truly enjoyed the article by William antiquities that are derived from illicit should be lert in their hands and in the believe we all have coins that would fit Horr on ancient coins as a news excavations and refrain from activities hands of the appropriate courts.
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