DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluation of Phyto-Extraction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evaluation of Phyto-Extraction [Babajide et. al., Vol.5 (Iss.11): November, 2017] ISSN- 2350-0530(O), ISSN- 2394-3629(P) DOI: https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i11.2017.2368 Science EVALUATION OF PHYTO-EXTRACTION POTENTIALS AND PERFORMANCE OF FALSE SESAME (CERATOTHECA SESAMOIDES) UNDER INDUCED SOIL POLLUTION BY AUTOMOBILE LUBRICANT IN SAVANNA ECOREGION Babajide P.A. *1, Popoola O.J. 2, Gbadamosi J. 3, Oyedele T. A. 4, Liasu, M.O. 5 *1 Department of Crop Production and Soil Science, P.M.B. 4000, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria 2 Department of Agricultural Technology, Crop Production unit, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, P.M.B. 10, Igboora 3 Department of Agricultural Education, Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, PMB 1010, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria 4 Department of Biology, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 5 Department of Pure and Applied Biology, P.M.B. 4000, Ladoke Akintola Abstract While strategizing towards achieving improved soil fertility for sustainable tropical crop production, timely application of fertilizers on regular basis alone is not the University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria best approach, particularly on polluted soils. However, seeking for reliable natural, biological and environment friendly means of ensuring effective riddance of toxic elements or heavy metals from tropical agricultural soils is equally a worthwhile technology. An open-field potted experiment was conducted during early raining season of 2016 (March-July), at the Teaching and Research Farms of Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora, to investigate the effect of spent engine oil polluted soil conditions on performance and heavy metal accumulation potentials of Ceratotheca sesamoides. Spent engine oil was applied at different concentrations (0.0ml, 50.0ml, 100.0ml, 150.0ml, and 200.0ml to each pot containing 7kg soil. Four pots per treatments were used. The trial was arranged in Completely Randomised Design (CRD), replicated three (3) times. Data were collected on growth parameters (number of leaves, plant height, stem girth, leaf length and leaf breadth). The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to the means. Pre and post-cropping soil analyses were carried out, for determination of nutrient concentrations. Also, after the termination of the experiment, plant samples were collected from each of the pots for oven-drying followed by determination of nutrient concentrations (including the heavy metals). Oil pollution significantly affected growth and heavy metal accumulation of the test-crop. Growth decreases with increasing rate of lubricant application, while the heavy metal concentrations in the test-crop increased with increasing concentrations of the applied spent engine oil. Thus, Ceratotheca sesamoides is a wild plant which could be easily exploited for its heavy metals hyper-accumulative or phyto- Http://www.granthaalayah.com ©International Journal of Research - GRANTHAALAYAH [355] [Babajide et. al., Vol.5 (Iss.11): November, 2017] ISSN- 2350-0530(O), ISSN- 2394-3629(P) DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1117277 extractive potentials, so as to reclaim heavy metals polluted soils from toxicity, for sustainable crop production. Keywords: False Sesame; Heavy Metals; Soil Pollution; Spent Automobile Lubricant Oil; Hyper-Accumulative Potentials. Cite This Article: Babajide P.A., Popoola O.J., Gbadamosi J., Oyedele T. A., and Liasu, M.O.. (2017). “EVALUATION OF PHYTO-EXTRACTION POTENTIALS AND PERFORMANCE OF FALSE SESAME (CERATOTHECA SESAMOIDES) UNDER INDUCED SOIL POLLUTION BY AUTOMOBILE LUBRICANT IN SAVANNA ECOREGION.” International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah, 5(11), 355-365,10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i11.2017.2368. 1. Introduction Undesirable pollution of most tropical agricultural soils by pesticides such as fungicides, bactericides, insecticides, herbicides etc. is not now uncommon. However, incessant and abusive utilization of these chemicals is a major reason for their attributed residual toxic effects on plants, animals and agriculturally beneficial soil microbes in cultivated fields (Sobulo, 2000). Heavy metals are defined as metallic elements that have a relatively high density compared to water (Fergusson, 1990). With the assumption that heaviness and toxicity are inter-related, heavy metals also include metalloids, such as arsenic, that are able to induce toxicity even at low levels of exposure (Duffus, 2002). Amongst such are zinc, copper, cadmium, copper and nickel, which are now imposing serious threats to man, animals and general agricultural activities (Singh et al., 2007). Under normal agricultural circumstances, like other micro nutrients, these mineral elements are needed by plants in traces or small dosages, for proper plant growth and physiological functioning (Hall, 2002). In cases when these nutrients were applied in undesirably high quantities, they become toxic (Kramer et al., 2007). In addition, when these nutrients are available in high concentrations, they were reported to influence general crop performance (Blaylock and Huang, 2000; Hajiboland et al., 2006). The reported sources of heavy metals in the environment include geogenic, industrial, agricultural, pharmaceutical, domestic effluents and atmospheric sources (He et al, 2005; Babajide and Aribisala, 2014). These impose health hazards, as well as reduction in the crop-able hectares of land (Fergusson, 1990; Bradl, 2002; He et al., 2005; Stern, 2010). However, environmental restoration of polluted soils by conventional technologies demands large economic resources (Cunningham and Berti, 2000; Ensley, 2000; Nascimento and Xing, 2006). Thus, a more affordable approach to de-contaminate soils is increasingly gaining interest nowadays. Phyto-extraction simply means the use of plants to remove heavy metals from soils by storing them in above-ground biomass (Raskin et al., 1997). It has been developed as an economically and environmentally attractive technology to de-contaminate heavy metals polluted soils (Terry and Bañuelos, 2000). So far, two phyto-extraction strategies have been developed. The first one is the use of hyper-accumulating plants which naturally and aggressively consume and concentrate metals in their above ground tissues. The other strategy involves the use of high biomass plants that are induced to accumulate metals through chelants’ applications in soils (Blaylock et al., 1997; Huang et al., 1997; Cooper et al., 1999; Melo et al., 2006). The main drawback for the public acceptance of this technique is the risk that synthetic Http://www.granthaalayah.com ©International Journal of Research - GRANTHAALAYAH [356] [Babajide et. al., Vol.5 (Iss.11): November, 2017] ISSN- 2350-0530(O), ISSN- 2394-3629(P) DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1117277 chelants pose to environment due to a possible excessive metal solubilization and consequent leaching (Stern, 2010; Chen et al., 2004). False sesame (Ceratotheca sesamoides) is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the family Pedaliaceae (Fasakin, 2004). The plant predominantly exists in Africa, Indo-Malayan region and tropical Australia (Fasakin, 2004). It has sixteen (16) genera and sixty (60) species. It possesses tender edible shoots. The leaves and fruits are also eaten whole or in parts either raw or cooked. Sesames were reported to be a good source of protein, oil, vitamins and minerals (Fasakin, 2004; Weiss, 2000; Babajide, 2010). Furthermore, false sesame plant is not recognized as an originally cultivated plant or cultivar, but it is a versatile plant which is highly rated by some local communities for its some reliable medicinal and domestic uses. False sesame is commonly used in the treatments of some deadly childhood diseases such as measles (Fasakin, 2004). The leaves are steeped and the slimy liquid dropped into the eye to treat conjunctivitis, while the mucilage is occasionally used as an emollient and lubricant (Grubben and Denton, 2004). The leaf is a good antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive agent. The leaves are used as an abortifacient, as well as for the treatments of cutaneous and subcutaneous parasitic infections, diarrhoea and dysentery, while the seed oil is a useful active insecticide (Fasakin, 2004; Sharma, 2005; El-Habbasa et al., 2007) Although, little is known about its vegetable potentials, the plant grows relatively rapidly and produces considerably high herbage or massive vegetative materials within a short period of time, under favourable edaphic and atmospheric conditions (Fasakin, 2004). However, considering the rapid and aggressive growth attributes, and the early massive formation of foliage, this research work was aimed at harnessing these desirable attributes by evaluating the possible phyto-extractive potentials of false sesame (Ceratotheca sesamoides), under simulated spent engine oil polluted soil. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Description of Experimental Location The experiment was carried out in the year 2016, at the Teaching and Research farms of the Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora. This experimental site is located on latitude 7° 28ʾN and 4° 33ʾE in the derived savannah zone of south western Nigeria. Igboora is naturally characterized by bimodal rainfall distribution. The rainfall distribution involves early rains which start in late March / early April and end in late July / early August, followed by a short dry spell in August. The late rainy season spans between August and November. 2.2. Land
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Alphabetical Lists of the Vascular Plant Families with Their Phylogenetic
    Colligo 2 (1) : 3-10 BOTANIQUE Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers Listes alphabétiques des familles de plantes vasculaires avec leurs numéros de classement phylogénétique FRÉDÉRIC DANET* *Mairie de Lyon, Espaces verts, Jardin botanique, Herbier, 69205 Lyon cedex 01, France - [email protected] Citation : Danet F., 2019. Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Colligo, 2(1) : 3- 10. https://perma.cc/2WFD-A2A7 KEY-WORDS Angiosperms family arrangement Summary: This paper provides, for herbarium cura- Gymnosperms Classification tors, the alphabetical lists of the recognized families Pteridophytes APG system in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms Ferns PPG system with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Lycophytes phylogeny Herbarium MOTS-CLÉS Angiospermes rangement des familles Résumé : Cet article produit, pour les conservateurs Gymnospermes Classification d’herbier, les listes alphabétiques des familles recon- Ptéridophytes système APG nues pour les ptéridophytes, les gymnospermes et Fougères système PPG les angiospermes avec leurs numéros de classement Lycophytes phylogénie phylogénétique. Herbier Introduction These alphabetical lists have been established for the systems of A.-L de Jussieu, A.-P. de Can- The organization of herbarium collections con- dolle, Bentham & Hooker, etc. that are still used sists in arranging the specimens logically to in the management of historical herbaria find and reclassify them easily in the appro- whose original classification is voluntarily pre- priate storage units. In the vascular plant col- served. lections, commonly used methods are systema- Recent classification systems based on molecu- tic classification, alphabetical classification, or lar phylogenies have developed, and herbaria combinations of both.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth and Production of Sesame – Elly Kafiriti and Omari Mponda
    SOILS, PLANT GROWTH AND CROP PRODUCTION – Growth And Production of Sesame – Elly Kafiriti and Omari Mponda GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF SESAME Elly Kafiriti and Omari Mponda Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture Food Security and Co-operatives, Mtwara, Tanzania. Keywords: Broadcasting, capsules, drought resistance, intercropping, land clearing, low productivity, pest and diseases, plant residues, self pollination, water logging. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Origin and Distribution 3. Botany 3.1. Cultivars and Classification 3.2. Structure 3.3. Pollination and Propagation 4. Ecology and Growing Conditions 4.1. Climate Requirements 4.2. Soil Requirements 5. Land and Crop Husbandry 5.1. Land Clearing 5.2. Planting and Land Management 5.3. Pests and Diseases 5.4. Crop Forecasting 5.5. Harvesting 6. Milling and Oil Processing 7. Use 8. Production and Trade 9. Perspectives in Sesame Production Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary SesameUNESCO is one of the most ancient oil crops – known EOLSS to mankind. It is grown as a rain fed crop throughout the tropics and subtropics. It is a short-day plant but also grows well in long-day areas. The crop thrives best on moderately fertile, well-drained soils with a pH ranging from 5.5SAMPLE to 8.0 and is sensitive to salinity. CHAPTERS Sesame is cultivated both by smallholders and at larger industrial scales. Sesame propagation is by broadcasting or seed drilling in rows. Broadcasting seeds is the most common seeding method used by smallholder farmers. The seeds are often mixed with sand, soil or ash and then broadcast or drilled by hand in small furrows.
    [Show full text]
  • Drying Kinetics and Chemical Composition of Ceratotheca Sesamoides Endl Leaves
    International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020 Vol. 5, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 456-465 Published Online August 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com) DRYING KINETICS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CERATOTHECA SESAMOIDES ENDL LEAVES T.A. Morakinyo, C.T. Akanbi, O.I. Adetoye Department of Food Science and Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun Styate, Nigeria Abstract-This study focused on the drying kinetics of (South-western Nigeria), Karkashi (Northern Nigeria), Ceratotheca sesamoides (False sesame) leaves, Tchaba-laba (Guinea Bissau) and Lalu-caminho (Senegal) determination of its proximate and mineral (Bedigian, 2003, Abiodun, 2017). Ceratotheca sesamoides compositions. The leaves of Ceratotheca sesamoides at leaves tolerates heat and drought with high resistance to 88.59% moisture content (wb) were obtained, sorted, adverse conditions, where other vegetables cannot survive. graded and subjected to a thin layer drying operation This characteristic enhances its wild distribution in various using hot air oven at varying drying temperatures of 50, parts of Africa as weed, commonly dispersed by wind and 60 and 70 oC. Drying data obtained were fitted into eight rainfalls (Bedigian, 2003). In Nigeria and Uganda, it is mathematical models; Page, Modified Page, Midili, sown in fields and intercropped with okra, eggplant, Newton, Two-term, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic cowpea, amaranth, sorghum, sweet potato and sesame on and Modified Henderson and Pabis. They were well-drained sandy soils (Bedigian, 2004). compared in values according to their coefficients of determination (R2) and Standard Error of Estimate The harvested fresh green leaves are consumed as a (SEE). Results showed that Page model provided the vegetable mixed with groundnut flour, salt and a little hot best fit for the drying of Ceraotheca sesamoides leaves.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary History of Floral Key Innovations in Angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes
    Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes To cite this version: Elisabeth Reyes. Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms. Botanics. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2016. English. NNT : 2016SACLS489. tel-01443353 HAL Id: tel-01443353 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01443353 Submitted on 23 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2016SACLS489 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de Doctorat : Biologie Par Mme Elisabeth Reyes Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Thèse présentée et soutenue à Orsay, le 13 décembre 2016 : Composition du Jury : M. Ronse de Craene, Louis Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux d’Édimbourg M. Forest, Félix Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux de Kew Mme. Damerval, Catherine Directrice de recherche au Moulon Président du jury M. Lowry, Porter Curateur en chef aux Jardins Examinateur Botaniques du Missouri M. Haevermans, Thomas Maître de conférences au MNHN Examinateur Mme. Nadot, Sophie Professeur à l’Université Paris-Sud Directeur de thèse M.
    [Show full text]
  • Agromorphological Characterization of Sesamum Radiatum (Schum. and Thonn.), a Neglected
    African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 7(24), pp. 3569-3578, 26 June, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR DOI: 10.5897/AJAR11.1845 ISSN 1991-637X ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Agromorphological characterization of Sesamum radiatum (Schum. and Thonn.), a neglected and underutilized species of traditional leafy vegetable of great importance in Benin Adéoti K.1, Dansi A.2,3*, Ahoton L.4, Vodouhè R.5, Ahohuendo B. C.4, Rival A.6 and Sanni A.1 1Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FAST), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou, Republic of Benin. 2Laboratory of Agricultural Biodiversity and Tropical Plant Breeding, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FAST), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 071BP28, Cotonou, Republic of Benin. 3Crop, Aromatic and Medicinal Plant Biodiversity Research and Development Institute (IRDCAM), 071 BP 28, Cotonou, Republic of Benin. 4Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), BP 526 Cotonou, Republic of Benin. 5Bioversity International, Office of West and Central Africa, 08 BP 0931, Cotonou, Republic of Benin. 6Cirad-BioS, UMR DIAPC, Centre IRD. F-34394 Montpellier Cedex5, France. Accepted 14 May, 2012 Sesamum radiatum (Schum. and Thonn) is a traditional leafy vegetable of national importance in Benin. Although, it is cultivated and consumed in many regions of the country, it is still unfortunately neglected by scientific research. In order to fill in the knowledge gaps necessary for its varietal improvement, 16 accessions collected from different agro-ecological zones were characterized using 16 quantitative morphological traits. A significant variability was found among the accessions.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of South Australia 5Th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann
    Flora of South Australia 5th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann KEY TO FAMILIES1 J.P. Jessop2 The sequence of families used in this Flora follows closely the one adopted by the Australian Plant Census (www.anbg.gov. au/chah/apc), which in turn is based on that of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG III 2009) and Mabberley’s Plant Book (Mabberley 2008). It differs from previous editions of the Flora, which were mainly based on the classification system of Engler & Gilg (1919). A list of all families recognised in this Flora is printed in the inside cover pages with families already published highlighted in bold. The up-take of this new system by the State Herbarium of South Australia is still in progress and the S.A. Census database (www.flora.sa.gov.au/census.shtml) still uses the old classification of families. The Australian Plant Census web-site presents comparison tables of the old and new systems on family and genus level. A good overview of all families can be found in Heywood et al. (2007) and Stevens (2001–), although these authors accept a slightly different family classification. A number of names with which people using this key may be familiar but are not employed in the system used in this work have been included for convenience and are enclosed on quotation marks. 1. Plants reproducing by spores and not producing flowers (“Ferns and lycopods”) 2. Aerial shoots either dichotomously branched, with scale leaves and 3-lobed sporophores or plants with fronds consisting of a simple or divided sterile blade and a simple or branched spikelike sporophore ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicity and Phytochemical Analysis of Petroleum-Ether, Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Ceratotheca Sesamoides
    Research article Silas, M., et al., Toxicity and phytochemical analysis of petroleum-ether, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Ceratotheca sesamoides. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 2020. 3(2): p. 148-155. DOI: 10.38001/ijlsb.681349 Toxicity and phytochemical analysis of petroleum-ether, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Ceratotheca sesamoides Manasseh Silas1* , Ameh D. A1 , Chintem D.G.Williams1,2 , I. Yada Sudi3 ABSTRACT This research investigated the toxicity and phytochemical analysis of aqueous, ethanol and pet ARTICLE HISTORY ether extract of Ceratotheca sesamoides leaves in albino wistar rats. Qualitative and Received quantitative phytochemical screening of Ceratotheca sesamoides were carried out. The result 06 December 2019 of the toxicity test revealed that aqueous extracts of Ceratotheca sesamoides leaf did not show Accepted 29 January 2020 any fatality with dosage range (300 mg-5000 mg). This shows that the LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/Kg body weight. The phytochemical investigation shows the presence of glycoside, KEYWORDS carbohydrate and alkaloid in all the extract and only flavonoid was found in Aqueous and Toxicity, ethanol extracts. This shows that C. sesamoides is safe for consumption and is rich in phytochemical, polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins. Ceratotheca sesamoides, flavonoid, fatality, polyphenols Introduction Ceratotheca sesamoides commonly known as false sesame is an annual vegetable crop [1] belonging to the Pedaliaceae family. The Pedaliaceae has 16 genera and 60 species largely in Africa, Indo-Malayan region, and tropical Australia [2]. The plant, Ceratotheca sesamoides is described by many hairs on the stem and petiole, with leaf margin; the flowers are pink with dots purple or brown and sub erect growth habit.
    [Show full text]
  • COMPARATIVE EFFICACY of NEEM (Azadirachta Indica), FALSE
    Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management Vol. 6 Supplement 2013 COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF NEEM ( Azadirachta indica ), FALSE SESAME ( Ceratotheca sesamoides ) ENDL. AND THE PHYSIC NUT ( Jatropha curcas ) IN THE PROTECTION OF STORED COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata ) L. WALP AGAINST THE SEED BEETLE Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). *UDDIN II, R.O. and ABDULAZEEZ, R. W. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejesm.v6i6.13S Received 28th August 2013; accepted 19th November 2013 Abstract A study to evaluate the insecticidal properties of some plants was undertaken. Powder and aqueous extracts of Neem, Azadirachta indica, False sesame, Ceratotheca sesamoides and the Physic nut, Jatropha curcas were evaluated as grain protectants against the cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) in the laboratory at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 (% v/w) concentrations per 20g of cowpea seeds. Seeds of Ife- brown cowpea variety were used for the experiment. Aqueous extracts and seed powder of the plant materials were applied to the cowpea seeds using the contact method of application in the laboratory. Results revealed 2.0 % v/w and 2.5 % v/w had significant increase (P< 0.05) in adult mortality of C. maculatus in both the powder and aqueous treatments of J. curcas. Oviposition, adult emergence and percentage grain weight damage decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in a proportionate, dose dependent manner. Although C. sesamoides was the least effective when compared with the other treatments, it was significantly better than the control in the protection of stored cowpea. There was no significant difference between treatments in the germination percentage of the seeds and there was no observed discolouration of the treated seeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Sesamum Indicum ​(Sesame, Also Called Benne) Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Lamiales Family: Pedaliaceae Genus: Sesamum Species
    Sesamum Indicum ​(Sesame, also called benne) Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Lamiales Family: Pedaliaceae Genus: Sesamum Species: Sesamum indicum Common Varieties: black, white, tan, brown How to Save Seeds According to Fruition Seeds, one of the few seed companies that sources sesame seeds for growing to farmers in the U.S., sesame germinates in a week and takes 75 days to flower, then another 20 days to set seed. This means that, from planting to harvest, sesame needs to be cared for about three months. Table 3, from Langham’s paper titled “Phenology of Sesame” published by purdue.edu, shows the average time frame of each life cycle of the sesame plant. After ripening (setting seed), the stalks (which have produced cylindrical husks which contain the edible seeds) are cut and placed somewhere to dry, usually on a tarp to catch the seeds. They must be dried under cover for another two months or more. Then, the process of collecting the seeds ​begins. Below is a video of the method of sesame seed extraction used at a farm I worked at in Hudson, NY. The dried stalks are banged against the inside of a carboard box lined with a plastic bag to catch the seeds. Of course, there are industrial methods to extract high volumes of seed but this is the traditional way. A definitively hands-on approach to seed collection, this way of seed saving is arduous, yes, but much more straightforward than the beet or tomato. The chaff (the larger bits of plant material) is sifted out using various strainers and what’s left is the sesame seed.
    [Show full text]
  • Sesamum Radiatum Thonn. Ex Hornem and Ceratotheca Sesamoides Endl.) of Benin, Using Flow Cytometry and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Markers
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(65), pp. 14264-14275, 24 October, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB ISSN 1684-5315 © 2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Genetic characterization of two traditional leafy vegetables ( Sesamum radiatum Thonn. ex Hornem and Ceratotheca sesamoides Endl.) of Benin, using flow cytometry and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers Adéoti, K.1,2 , Rival, A.3, Dansi, A. 2*, Santoni, S.4, Brown, S.5, Beule, T.3, Nato, A.6, Henry, Y.6, R. Vodouhe 7, Loko, L. Y. 2 and Sanni, A.1 1Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FAST), University of Abomey- Calavi (UAC), BP 526 Cotonou, Republic of Benin. 2Laboratory of Agricultural Biodiversity and Tropical Plant Breeding, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FAST), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 071BP28, Cotonou, Republic of Benin. 3CIRAD, UMR DIADE, IRD, UM2. 34398 Montpellier Cedex 15, France. 4INRA, UMR AGAP, Unité de Génétique et Amélioration des plantes, Atelier de Marquage Moléculaire, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 01, France. 5CNRS, UPR2355, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. 6Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Bâtiment 360, Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405, Orsay, France. 6Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Bâtiment 630, Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay, France. 7Bioversity International, Office of West and Central Africa, 08 BP 0931, Cotonou, Republic of Benin. Accepted 13 July, 2011 Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and flow cytometry were applied for the genetic characterization of wild and cultivated accessions of Sesamum radiatum and Cerathoteca sesamoides ; two neglected and underutilized species of traditional leafy vegetable consumed in Benin.
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Diversity of Classified Forest and Partial Faunal Reserve of Comoé-Léraba, Southwest Burkina Faso
    10TH ANNIVERSARY ISSUE Check List the journal of biodiversity data LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 11(1): 1557, January 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.1.1557 ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors Floristic diversity of classified forest and partial faunal reserve of Comoé-Léraba, southwest Burkina Faso Assan Gnoumou1, 2*, Oumarou Ouedraogo1, Marco Schmidt3, 4, and Adjima Thiombiano1 1 University of Ouagadougou, Departement of plant biology and plant physiology, Laboratory of applied plant biology and ecology, boulevard Charles de Gaulle, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 2 Aube Nouvelle University, Laboratory of information system, environment management and sustainable developpement, Rue RONSIN, 06 BP 9283 Ouagadougoug 06, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 3 Senckenberg Research Institute, Department of Botany and molecular Evolution and Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F). Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany 4 Goethe University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity. Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: The classified forest and partial faunal reserve of 1000 mm and the rainy days per year exceed 90 days. Hence, a Comoé-Léraba belongs to the South Sudanian phytogeographi- floristic inventory can be expected to include many exclusive cal sector of Burkina Faso and is located in the most humid area species in comparison to the other parts of the country. With of the country. This study aims to present a detailed list of the the ultimate objective toassess floristic diversity for better Comoé-Léraba reserve’s flora for a better knowledge and con- conservation and management of the Comoé-Léraba reserve, servation.
    [Show full text]