Jane Gilmer Landers
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Urging All of Us to Open Our Minds and Hearts So That We Can Know Beyond
CHAPTER 1 HOLISTIC READING We have left the land and embarked. We have burned our bridges behind us- indeed we have gone farther and destroyed the land behind us. Now, little ship, look out! Beside you is the ocean: to be sure, it does not always roar, and at times it lies spread out like silk and gold and reveries of graciousness. But hours will come when you realize that it is infinite and that there is nothing more awesome than infinity... Oh, the poor bird that felt free now strikes the walls of this cage! Woe, when you feel homesick for the land as if it had offered more freedom- and there is no longer any ―land.‖ - Nietzsche Each man‘s life represents a road toward himself, an attempt at such a road, the intimation of a path. No man has ever been entirely and completely himself. Yet each one strives to become that- one in an awkward, the other in a more intelligent way, each as best he can. Each man carries the vestiges of his birth- the slime and eggshells of his primeval past-… to the end of his days... Each represents a gamble on the part of nature in creation of the human. We all share the same origin, our mothers; all of us come in at the same door. But each of us- experiments of the depths- strives toward his own destiny. We can understand one another; but each is able to interpret himself alone. – Herman Hesse 1 In this chapter I suggest a new method of reading, which I call “holistic reading.” Building on the spiritual model of the Self offered by Jiddu Krishnamurti and the psychological model of “self” offered by Dr. -
The Negritude Movements in Colombia
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses October 2018 THE NEGRITUDE MOVEMENTS IN COLOMBIA Carlos Valderrama University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the Folklore Commons, Other Political Science Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Valderrama, Carlos, "THE NEGRITUDE MOVEMENTS IN COLOMBIA" (2018). Doctoral Dissertations. 1408. https://doi.org/10.7275/11944316.0 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/1408 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE NEGRITUDE MOVEMENTS IN COLOMBIA A Dissertation Presented by CARLOS ALBERTO VALDERRAMA RENTERÍA Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts-Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY SEPTEMBER 2018 Sociology © Copyright by Carlos Alberto Valderrama Rentería 2018 All Rights Reserved THE NEGRITUDE MOVEMENTS IN COLOMBIA A Dissertation Presented by CARLOS ALBERTO VALDERRAMA RENTERÍA Approved as to style and content by __________________________________________ Agustin Laó-Móntes, Chair __________________________________________ Enobong Hannah Branch, Member __________________________________________ Millie Thayer, Member _________________________________ John Bracey Jr., outside Member ______________________________ Anthony Paik, Department Head Department of Sociology DEDICATION To my wife, son (R.I.P), mother and siblings ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I could not have finished this dissertation without the guidance and help of so many people. My mentor and friend Agustin Lao Montes. My beloved committee members, Millie Thayer, Enobong Hannah Branch and John Bracey. -
Afro-Colombians from Slavery to Displacement
A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE AND EXCLUSION: AFRO-COLOMBIANS FROM SLAVERY TO DISPLACEMENT A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Studies By Sascha Carolina Herrera, B.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. October 31, 2012 A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE AND EXCLUSION: AFRO-COLOMBIANS FROM SLAVERY TO DISPLACEMENT Sascha Carolina Herrera, B.A. MALS Mentor: Kevin Healy, Ph.D. ABSTRACT In Colombia, the Afro-Colombian population has been historically excluded and marginalized primarily due to the legacy of slavery deeply embedded within contemporary social and economic structures. These structures have been perpetuated over many generations of Afro-Colombians, who as a result have been caught in a recurring cycle of poverty throughout their history in Colombia. In contemporary Colombia, this socio-economic situation has been exacerbated by the devastating effects of various other economic and social factors that have affected the Colombian society over half century and a prolonged conflict with extensive violence involving the Colombian state, Paramilitaries, and Guerrillas and resulting from the dynamics of the war on drugs and drug-trafficking in Colombian society. In addition to the above mentioned factors, Afro-Colombians face other types of violence, and further socio-economic exclusion and marginalization resulting from the prevailing official development strategies and U.S. backed counter-insurgency and counter-narcotics strategies and programs of the Colombian state. ii Colombia’s neo-liberal economic policies promoting a “free” open market approach involve the rapid expansion of foreign investment for economic development, exploitation of natural resources, and the spread of agro bio-fuel production such as African Palm, have impacted negatively the Afro-Colombian population of the Pacific coastal region. -
Racist Discourse in Social Media Facebook, a Case
RACIST DISCOURSE IN SOCIAL MEDIA: FACEBOOK, A CASE ANALYSIS OF ROBERTO LOZANO’S “SOLDADO MICOLTA” Kenya Ruiz Hurtado & Álvaro Andrés Gaviria Espitia Trabajo de grado orientado por Troy Najeeb Salems Universidad Santiago de Cali Faculty of Education Program of Bachelor of Foreign language English -French Santiago de Cali 2019 No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite. Nelson Mandela Abstract This research project seeks to bring to light the problem of racism on social media in Colombia by means of the propagation of inappropriate language. This language has been used to denigrate the Afro-Colombian community in the most offensive way imaginable. The primary focus of this investigation was to analyze the discourse that emerged from social networks, in particular on Facebook, concerning the Soldado Micolta show´s censorship; and, to determine which discourse may be considered racist based on the categorization of the different types of racism, and organized by identifying key patterns present in the comments published by the users of that social network. It was found that a significant number of negative and derisive comments were found within the corpus of discourse pertaining to the show’s censorship, which was due to the different racist manifestations contained in it. The results obtained in this study indicated a significant presence of racist material on the social media platform Facebook, from which discourses were taken and analyzed. -
SAN ANDRÉS and PROVIDENCIA by Héctor Ramírez-Cruz BA In
ETHNOLINGUISTIC VITALITY IN A CREOLE ECOLOGY: SAN ANDRÉS AND PROVIDENCIA by Héctor Ramírez-Cruz B.A. in Philology and Languages, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2002 M.A. in Linguistics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2007 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Hispanic Linguistics University of Pittsburgh 2017 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences This dissertation was presented by Héctor Ramírez-Cruz It was defended on April 28, 2017 and approved by Jerome Branche, Professor, Department of Hispanic Languages and Literatures Matthew Kanwit, Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics Scott Kiesling, Professor, Department of Linguistics Dissertation Advisor: Shelome Gooden, Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics ii Copyright © by Héctor Ramírez-Cruz 2017 iii ETHNOLINGUISTIC VITALITY IN A CREOLE ECOLOGY: SAN ANDRÉS AND PROVIDENCIA Héctor Ramírez-Cruz, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2017 This dissertation investigates the Ethnolinguistic Vitality (EV) of the English based Creoles spoken in San Andrés and Providencia. Given that Spanish has a growing presence in these islands, this context opens the question of whether the Creoles may be threatened. The dissertation provides empirical evidence for EV, enabling a better understanding of how the Creoles, as low status languages, survive in these contexts. The study included 259 participants distributed in different subsets. A cross-sectional design was used to investigate the EV in four dimensions of analysis: (1) Objective EV, (2) Subjective EV, (3) Underlying ideologies of EV, and (4) Linguistic evidence. Standardized scales were used to assess the objective EV based on census information and archival research. -
ABSTRACT Race and Freedom in the African Americas: Free People of Color and Social Mobility in Cartagena and Charleston
Copyright John Garrison Marks August 15, 2016 ABSTRACT Race and Freedom in the African Americas: Free People of Color and Social Mobility in Cartagena and Charleston by John Garrison Marks This dissertation explores the social and cultural worlds of free people of color in the African Americas. It investigates how free people of color navigated social life and negotiated the boundaries of racial difference in two crucial mainland American port cities: Cartagena, along the Caribbean coast of Colombia, and Charleston, situated in the heart of the South Carolina lowcountry in the United States South. Transnational and comparative in perspective, this work reveals how free people of color leveraged laws, institutions, personal reputations, and carefully cultivated social networks to improve their individual circumstances as well as those of their families and communities. This dissertation reveals the complex parallels and differences between the challenges and opportunities for free people of color in the urban Americas, particularly in their efforts to achieve social and economic mobility. It argues that even when their means to achieve social distinction differed, efforts by free people of color to improve their individual circumstances challenged the logic of white racial ideologies and subtly questioned the legitimacy of American racial hierarchies. While free people of color often declined to confront more directly the systems of white supremacy that undergirded American society, the work of free people of color to achieve social and economic uplift paved the way for the continued struggle to achieve respectability, freedom, citizenship, and equality. iii Acknowledgements Someone—though I cannot remember whom—once told me that while writing my dissertation I would experience the highest highs and lowest lows of my career. -
Curriculum Vitae
CURRICULUM VITAE James A. Robinson University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy 1307 E 60th St, Chicago, IL 60637 Telephone: (773) 702 6364 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: http://scholar.harris.uchicago.edu/jamesrobinson Nationality: British, USA Education: Ph.D. Yale University, 1993 M.A. University of Warwick, 1985-1986 BSc. (Econ) London School of Economics and Political Science, 1979-1982 Main Fields: Political Economy and Comparative Politics. Economic and Political Development. Current Positions: Reverend Dr. Richard L. Pearson Professor of Global Conflict Studies, since July 1, 2016. University Professor, University of Chicago, since July 1, 2015. Previous Positions: Wilbur A. Cowett Professor of Government, Harvard University, July 1, 2014- June 30, 2015. David Florence Professor of Government, Harvard University, July 1, 2009-June 30, 2014. Professor of Government, Harvard University, July 1, 2004-June 30, 2009. Associate Professor of Political Science and Economics, University of California at Berkeley, July 1, 2001-June 30, 2004. Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of California at Berkeley, July 1, 1999-July 1 2001. Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Southern California, September 1, 1995- June 30, 1999. Lecturer in Economics, University of Melbourne, September 1, 1992-August 30, 1995. Other Activities: Director of the Pearson Institute for the Study and Resolution of Global Conflicts since July 1, 2016. Academic Adviser to the World Bank’s World Development Report 2017. Member of the board of the Global Development Network, January 1, 2009 – December 31, 2011. Member of the Swedish Development Policy Council, a committee advising the Swedish Foreign Minister on Sweden’s International Development Policy, 2007-2010. -
Policy Measures Taken Against the Spread and Impact of the Coronavirus – 28 May 2020
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE GENERAL ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL AFFAIRS Policy measures taken against the spread and impact of the coronavirus – 28 May 2020 The table provides a comprehensive overview of measures announced or taken in the Member States so far. The measures (which are not exhaustive) outlined here are happening in a fast changing environment and are subject to being changed and updated/amended. As high uncertainty continues to surround the outcome of the crisis, the final outturns in terms of costings may differ. The policy measures are classified in the table below according to the following categories: (i) expenditure measures, (ii) tax measures, (iii) sectorial, regional, or measures other than fiscal, (iv) any other measures. The recording does not prejudge decisions to be taken by national statistical authorities and Eurostat on the statistical recording of measures taken in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Regular updates of this table will be available here: https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/health/coronavirus-response/jobs-and-economy- during-coronavirus-pandemic_en Member Type of measure State (very briefly describe the measures taken and their estimated budgetary impact) BE • Expenditure measures - Increased flexibility is applied in the execution of public contracts if difficulties are linked to COVID-19. No sanctions or fines will be imposed for not respecting the agreed deadline. - Federal provision to cover additional costs (healthcare, repatriation of Belgian citizens, etc.) has been adopted (EUR 2 billion). • Tax measures (up to 30/06/2020) - Tax deferrals have been made easier in case of financial difficulties linked to Coronavirus both for companies and the self-employed (applicable to social contributions, payroll taxes, VAT, personal and corporate income taxes). -
Tordesillas, Slavery and the Origins of Brazilian Inequality∗
Tordesillas, Slavery and the Origins of Brazilian Inequality∗ Thomas Fujiwaray Humberto Laudaresz and Felipe Valencia Caicedox June 4, 2021 Abstract This article documents the long-term effect of slavery on inequality at the receiving end of the spectrum. We focus on Brazil, the largest im- porter of African slaves and the last country to abolish this institution in the Western Hemisphere, in 1888. To deal with the endogeneity of slav- ery placement, we use a spatial Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD), exploiting the colonial boundaries between the Portuguese and Spanish empires within Brazil. We find that the number of slaves in 1872 is dis- continuously higher on the Portuguese side of the border, consistent with this power's comparative advantage in transatlantic slavery. We then show how this differential slave rate led to higher modern income inequality of 0.103 points (of the Gini coefficient), approximately 20% of average income inequality in the country. To further investigate the mechanisms at play, we use the division of the former Portuguese colony into Donatary Cap- taincies as well as the Dutch colonization experience. Aside from the effect on income inequality, we find that more slave intensive areas have higher income and educational racial imbalances, and lower state capacity today. JEL codes: O10, N36, O54, O43, I24 Keywords: Slavery, Inequality, Brazil, Regression Discontinuity Design, Colo- nization, Institutions, Racial Income Gap, Education ∗We would like to thank Gani Aldashev, Jean-Louis Arcand, Matias Cattaneo, Matteo -
The Historical Archaeology of Black People and Their Descendants in Cauca, Colombia
Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences Review Article Open Access The historical archaeology of black people and their descendants in Cauca, Colombia Abstract Volume 4 Issue 6 - 2019 This historic-archaeological study examines the settlements of Africans and their Diógenes Patiño C, Martha C Hernández descendants in Cauca during the Colonial and Republican periods. Given that this line Department of Anthropology, University of Cauca, Colombia of research has never really been pursued by archaeologists, we have tried to address Afro-Colombian issues by examining the abundant archival resources; Afro-Colombian Correspondence: Diógenes Patiño C, Department of archaeological sites in both urban and rural contexts; and oral tradition in territories Anthropology, University of Cauca, Colombia, Tel 57-2- occupied historically. This information has been used to analyse the slave trade, daily life, 3174015066, Email servitude, resistance, emancipation and ancestry, an approach suggesting great cultural affinity between these communities and their ethnic African roots. Studies of this kind Received: November 11, 2019 | Published: December 12, in Colombia are scarce by comparison with Brazil, the United States, Argentina and the 2019 Caribbean region. We have focused on studies of African descendants connected with social movements for the restitution of rights, memories, traditions and cultural heritage within the African diaspora in the context of Colombian and Latin American society. Examples will be presented from Popayán, a colonial centre of slavery, as well as from the Afro- Colombian past in northern Cauca. Keywords: past, historical archaeology, Afro-Colombian communities, diaspora, Cauca, Colombia Introduction destined to be incorporated into the colonial economy of mines and haciendas. -
Afro-Colombian Hip-Hop: Globalization, Popular Music and Ethnic Identities
AFRO-COLOMBIAN HIP-HOP: GLOBALIZATION, POPULAR MUSIC AND ETHNIC IDENTITIES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Christopher Charles Dennis, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2006 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Abril Trigo, Advisor Dr. Ileana Rodriguez Dr. Fernando Unzueta Advisor Graduate Program in Spanish and Portuguese ABSTRACT As scholars around the globe debate the shortcomings and virtues of economic and cultural globalization, I approach Afro-Colombian hip-hop as a form of testimony to study what young black Colombians – as representatives of a generation at a global crossroads – reveal about the challenges presented by globalization. Evidence indicates that globalization and neoliberal reform have aggravated socio-political ills through intensified warfare, poverty, income inequalities, massive displacement, and violence, among others. These circumstances, in turn, inform much of the Afro-Colombian testimony channeled through hip-hop. I maintain that the content of Afro-Colombian rap, and the circumstances that inspire it, support those who argue that ethnic-racial minorities in the peripheries of the world do not benefit from economic globalization and its anticipated rising tide of wealth and spread of human rights. The dissent and frustration expressed in this music point to youths who are aware that promises of economic distribution, democracy, tolerance, and cultural respect are not and cannot be for everyone. Globalization has also led to cultural transformations and changing ethnic identities, which are very evident among Afro-Colombian urban youth integrated into processes of economic modernization and cultural modernity. I examine various factors ii that currently interpellate Afro-Colombian ethnic identities constructed through music and its practice. -
2019Overview
2019 Overview Contact List Content Contacts Contact Information KakenhiKakenhi (P.18).(P.18). CollaborativeCollaborative ResearchResearch PromotionPromotion (P.20)/(P.20)/ Industry-Government-Industry-Government- PlanningPlanning Division,Division, [email protected]@nii.ac.jp AcademiaAcademia CollaborationCollaboration (P.22)/(P.22)/ AcademicAcademic GuidanceGuidance byby ResearchersResearchers (P.23)(P.23) Ofce for Social Collaboration, Collaboration Support Team PlanningPlanning Division,Division, OfceOfce tortor SocialSocial IntellectualIntellectual PropertyProperty (P.21)(P.21) [email protected][email protected] Collaboration, Big Project and Intellectual Property Team TopSETopSE (P.23)(P.23) GRACE Center [email protected]@topse.jp InternationalInternational ExchangeExchange (MOU)(MOU) (P.24)/(P.24)/ PlanningPlanning Division,Division, InternationalInternational AffairsAffairs andand EducationEducation [email protected]@nii.ac.jp (NII(NII InternationalInternational InternshipInternship Program)Program) (P.25)(P.25) SupportSupport TeamTeam InternationalInternational ExchangeExchange (NII(NII ShonanShonan Meeting)Meeting) (P.26)(P.26) NII Shonan Meeting Administrative Ofce [email protected]@nii.ac.jp InternationalInternational ExchangeExchange (DAAD/JFLI)(DAAD/JFLI) (P.27)(P.27) PlanningPlanning Division,Division, InternationalInternational AffairsAffairs andand EducationEducation SupportSupport TeamTeam [email protected]@nii.ac.jp Graduate Education (P.28) PlanningPlanning Division,Division,