DOCSLIB.ORG

Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming, USA: Distribution and Zoogeographic Affinities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming, USA: Distribution and Zoogeographic Affinities Great Basin Naturalist Volume 59 Number 1 Article 1 1-22-1999 Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming, USA: distribution and zoogeographic affinities Bret O. Huntsman Brigham Young University Richard W. Baumann Brigham Young University Boris C. Kondratieff Colorado State University, Fort Collins Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Huntsman, Bret O.; Baumann, Richard W.; and Kondratieff, Boris C. (1999) "Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming, USA: distribution and zoogeographic affinities," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 59 : No. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol59/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The Great Basin Naturalist PuBUSHED AT PROVO, UTAH, BY M.L. BEAN LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM BRIGHAM You C UNlVERSm' ISS 0017-3614 VOLUME 59 30 JANUARY 1999 No.1 Great Basin Naturalist 59(l),ltll999. pp. 1-17 STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF THE BLACK HILLS OF SOUTH DAKOTA AND WYOMING, USA: DISTRIBUTION AND ZOOGEOGRAPHIC AFFINITIES Bret O. Huntsman1, Richard ,v. Baumann1.2, and Boris C. Kondratieff3 ABSTRACT.-The Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming are an insular mountain range completely surrounded by the Great Plains. The stonefly (Plecoptera) fauna of the Black Hilts was surveyed and zoogeographic affinities exam­ ined. Twenty-seven species representing 22 genera and 6 families were found. Fifteen new state records for South Dakota and 2 for Wyoming are presented. Two species are removed from the South Dakota list. An analysis ofthe North American distribution of each species showed a strong relationship between the Black Hills and the Rocky Mountains, with much weaker relationships between the Black Hills and eastern and northern regions. Results ofa logistic regres­ sion analysis comparing factors contributing to long-distance dispersal ability against presence/absence in the Black Hills were inconclusive. However, other evidence suggests that the Black Hills fauna is a result ofexpansion and subse­ quent vicariance ofstonefly populations during Pleistocene climatic oscillations. Key words: stonefl~, Plecoplera, zoogeography, B1llck Hills, South Dakot<J, Wyoming, Pleistocene. The Black Hills are an island of mountains Melntosh 1931, Van Bmggen 1985). Mammal in a sea of grass (Tumer 1974). These isolated species of the Black Hills show similar mixed mountains, located in western South Dakota affinities. Approximately 14.3% are Rocky and eastern Wyoming, are completely sur­ Mountain, 8.6% are from eastern deciduous rounded by the Great Plains physiographic forests, 14.3% are from northern boreal forests, region. The Black Hills contain one ofthe most and the rest are a mix of widespread, steppe, unusual mixes of biotic affinities in orth and Sonoran species (Turner 1974). Insects in America. For example, 30% ofthe plant species the Black Hills also appear to have mixed found in the Black Hills have Rocky Mountain affinities. For instance, the mayfly (Ephemer­ affinities, 9% have eastern deciduous forest optera) fauna of the Black Hills has western affinities, 6% have northern boreal forest affini­ species (36.8% of the fauna), eastern species ties, while the remainder are a mix: of steppe (21.1%), and widespread species (42.1%) and widespread species (Hayward 1928, (McCafferty 1990). lDepartmeot ofZooIoP.', Brigbaro Young Un.ivecity; Provo. lIT 54600. :.\l,It/wr to whom reprint reque$l$ $bould be sent. 3Department of BioogrieultuOlI Scie.ooes and F'e$1 ;\laDagement. Color.ido Stile UnMmty. Fori <Alliin$. CO 80523. 1 2 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST [Volume 59 Another interesting aspect of Black Hills populations within the Black Hills. At the pre­ biogeography is the fact that many populations sent time no quantitative studies have been of plants and animals inhabiting the area are performed comparing vicariance and dispersal highly disjunct, being separated from the near­ models for the Black Hills fauna. est conspecific populations by as much as 600 Faunal affinities and distribution histories k-m (Turner 1974, Van Bruggen 1985, McCaf­ are most easily studied using organisms re­ ferty 1990). These disjunct populations also stricted to definable habitats (Sargent et al. often represent the extreme range limit for 1991, Houseman and Baumann 1997). One their species (Turner 1974, Van Bruggen 1985, outstanding example of this type of organism McCafferty 1990). is the insect Order Plecoptera (stonellies). The most common hypothesis explaining Most stonelly species require cold, clean these striking biogeographic patterns is that streams with rocky streambeds to complete these disjunct populations are vicariated relicts their life cycles (Surdick and Gaufin 1978, from the most recent period of glaciation Ward 1984, Stewart and Stark 1988). Adult (Ross 1965, Turner 1974, McCafferty 1990). stonellies are not powerful lliers and usually Palynological studies indicate that during the are not capable of long-distance migrations Full-glacial period of the Wisconsin glaciation (Ross 1965, Hynes 1988, Marden and Kramer (30,000-13,000 years BP) much of the central 1994, Griffith et aJ. 1998). Thus, dispersal of portion of the United States was covered with most stonelly species is thought to require boreal forest (Wright 1970), allowing typical adequate water connections (Surdick and boreal animals to inhabit this region. This Gaufin 1978, Baumann 1979, Flanagan and cooler, wetter climate also allowed deciduous Flanagan 1982). Many species have restricted gallery forests to form along stream banks, ranges, and distinct differences exist between prOViding avenues of expansion for eastern the stonelly faunas of western, eastern, and deciduous forest species into the Black Hills northern North America, primarily at the (Turner 1974). Later, during the Late-glacial generic and/or specific levels (Rickel' 1964, period (13,000-10,500 BP), the boreal forest Dosdall and Lemkuhl1979, Stark et aJ. 1986). followed the retreating ice sheet and was Few published records are available on the replaced by steppe habitat in the Great Plains stonellies of the Black Hills. Presently, only 14 (Holfman and Jones 1970). Eastern and north­ species have been reported from the Black Hills ern species that had expanded into the Black region (Stark and Gaufm 1976, Baumann et al. Hills during the FUll-glacial period were then 1977, Stark et al. 1986). Several families, such isolated in the refuge formed there by the as the Capniidae, Pteronarcyidae, Taenioptery­ remnant deciduous and boreal forests (Turner gidae, and Leuctridae, have not been previ­ 1974). ously reported from the Black Hills. Unfortu­ Also during the.Full-glacial period of the nately, many of the streams within the Black Wisconsin the cordilleran-montane zone of Hills have been affected by pollution and the Rocky Mountains was depressed about other perturbations (Stewart and Thilenius 1200-1400 m. This displaced the biota of this 1964). It is poSSible that some populations of wne eastward, extending from the Laramie stonellies within the Black Hills have already and Big Horn Mountains ofWyoming into the been extirpated. In the face of the current Black Hills (Turner 1974). Again, when the ice challenge to document North American biodi­ sheet retreated, the montane species that had versity (Kosztarab and Schaefer 1990), inven­ expanded into the Black Hills were isolated in torying the stonelly fauna of the Black Hills the refuge formed there (Thrner 1974). should be a priority. Although the hypothesis of Ross (1965), Our study had 3 main objectives: to docu­ Tnrner (1974), and McCafferty (1990) has great ment the stonelly fauna of the Black Hills, to explanatory power, it is not the only possibil­ detemune ifthe stonellies ofthis region rellect ity. It is also possible tbat tbe Black Hills pop­ the mixed affmities shown by other groups of ulations of plants and animals were established organisms, and to quantitatively test the vicari­ via long-distance dispersal. Sometime after the ance hypothesis of Ross (1965), Turner (1974), formation of the Great Plains, various species and McCafferty (1990) using these new stone­ may have dispersed across it and founded lIy distributional data. 1999] STONEFLIES OF THE BLACK HILLS 3 STUDY AREA Adult stoncflies were collected nsing beat­ ing sheets or aerial nets, or by hand. Nymphal The Black HilIs region consists of the mack stondlies were collected with aquatic dip Hills proper and the Bear Lodge Mountains in nets. At some sites nymphs of selected species \vestern South Dakota and northeastern were set aside and reared to adults to assist in Wyoming (approximately 43'10'-44'50' N lat., specific identification. All adults (and the 103'20'-104'50' W long.; Tnrner 1974). The nymphs of certain species) were identified Black Hills were created by intermittent domal using keys in Baumann et al. (1977) and Stew­ uplifts during the Cretaceous, Miocene, and art and Stark (1988). Pleistocene (Turner 1974). Elevations in tbe In addition to field-collected specimens, we Black Hills region range from 1000 m on the examined specimens from the following insti­ western plains to 2228 m at Harney Peak. The tutions: Monte L. Bean Life Science
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Newsletter and Bibliography of the International Society of Plecopterologists PERLA NO. 28, 2010
    PERLA Annual Newsletter and Bibliography of The International Society of Plecopterologists Pteronarcella regularis (Hagen), Mt. Shasta City Park, California, USA. Photograph by Bill P. Stark PERLA NO. 28, 2010 Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA PERLA Annual Newsletter and Bibliography of the International Society of Plecopterologists Available on Request to the Managing Editor MANAGING EDITOR: Boris C. Kondratieff Department of Bioagricultural Sciences And Pest Management Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD: Richard W. Baumann Department of Biology and Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum Brigham Young University Provo, Utah 84602 USA E-mail: [email protected] J. Manuel Tierno de Figueroa Dpto. de Biología Animal Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada 18071 Granada, SPAIN E-mail: [email protected] Kenneth W. Stewart Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas Denton, Texas 76203, USA E-mail: [email protected] Shigekazu Uchida Aichi Institute of Technology 1247 Yagusa Toyota 470-0392, JAPAN E-mail: [email protected] Peter Zwick Schwarzer Stock 9 D-36110 Schlitz, GERMANY E-mail: [email protected] 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Subscription policy……………………………………………………………………….4 Publication of the Proceedings of the International Joint Meeting on Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera 2008…………………………………….………………….………….…5 Ninth North American Plecoptera Symposium………………………………………….6
    [Show full text]
  • Life History and Production of Mayflies, Stoneflies, and Caddisflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) in a Spring-Fe
    Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen 1083 Life history and production of mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) in a spring-fed stream in Prince Edward Island, Canada: evidence for population asynchrony in spring habitats? Michelle Dobrin and Donna J. Giberson Abstract: We examined the life history and production of the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) commu- nity along a 500-m stretch of a hydrologically stable cold springbrook in Prince Edward Island during 1997 and 1998. Six mayfly species (Ephemeroptera), 6 stonefly species (Plecoptera), and 11 caddisfly species (Trichoptera) were collected from benthic and emergence samples from five sites in Balsam Hollow Brook. Eleven species were abundant enough for life-history and production analysis: Baetis tricaudatus, Cinygmula subaequalis, Epeorus (Iron) fragilis,andEpeorus (Iron) pleuralis (Ephemeroptera), Paracapnia angulata, Sweltsa naica, Leuctra ferruginea, Amphinemura nigritta,and Nemoura trispinosa (Plecoptera), and Parapsyche apicalis and Rhyacophila brunnea (Trichoptera). Life-cycle timing of EPT taxa in Balsam Hollow Brook was generally similar to other literature reports, but several species showed extended emergence periods when compared with other studies, suggesting a reduction in synchronization of life-cycle timing, pos- sibly as a result of the thermal patterns in the stream. Total EPT secondary production (June 1997 to May 1998) was 2.74–2.80 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass (size-frequency method). Mayflies were dominant, with a production rate of 2.2 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass, followed by caddisflies at 0.41 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass, and stoneflies at 0.19 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis the Assimti...Ation and Elwination of Cesium By
    THESIS THE ASSIMTI...ATION AND ELWINATION OF CESIUM BY FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES Submitted by Tracy M. Tostowaryk Graduate Degree Program in Ecology In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Fall 2000 QL 3bS.3b'5" .lb11 :2.0DO COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY November 6, 2000 WE HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER OUR SUPERVISION BY TRACY M. TOSTOWARYK ENTITLED "THE ASSIMILATION AND ELIMINATION OF CESIUM BY FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES" BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING IN PART REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE. Adviser Co-Adviser ii COLORADO STATE UNIV. LIBRARIES ABSTRACT OF THESIS THE ASSIMILATION AND ELIMINATION OF CESIUM BY FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES Freshwater invertebrates are important vectors of radioactive cesium e34Cs and 137CS) in aquatic food webs, yet little is known about their cesium :uptake and loss kinetics. This study provides a detailed investigation of cesium assimilation and elimination by freshwater invertebrates. Using five common freshwater invertebrates (Gammarus lacustris, Anisoptera sp. nymphs, Claassenia sabulosa and Megarcys signata nymphs, and Orconetes sp.), a variety of food types (oligochaete worms, mayfly nymphs and algae) and six temperature treatments (3.5 to 30°C), the following hypotheses were tested: 1) cesium elimination rates are a positive function of water temperature; 2) cesium elimination rates increase with decreasing body size; 3) assimilation efficiencies range between 0.6 and 0.8 for diet items low in clay. Cesium loss exhibited first order, non-linear kinetics, best described by a two component exponential model. Cesium assimilation efficiencies were higher for invertebrates fed oligochaetes (0.77) and algae (0.80) than those fed mayfly nymphs (0.20).
    [Show full text]
  • Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, Version 2018-07-24
    Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, version 2018-07-24 Kenai National Wildlife Refuge biology staff July 24, 2018 2 Cover image: map of 16,213 georeferenced occurrence records included in the checklist. Contents Contents 3 Introduction 5 Purpose............................................................ 5 About the list......................................................... 5 Acknowledgments....................................................... 5 Native species 7 Vertebrates .......................................................... 7 Invertebrates ......................................................... 55 Vascular Plants........................................................ 91 Bryophytes ..........................................................164 Other Plants .........................................................171 Chromista...........................................................171 Fungi .............................................................173 Protozoans ..........................................................186 Non-native species 187 Vertebrates ..........................................................187 Invertebrates .........................................................187 Vascular Plants........................................................190 Extirpated species 207 Vertebrates ..........................................................207 Vascular Plants........................................................207 Change log 211 References 213 Index 215 3 Introduction Purpose to avoid implying
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of Aquatic Invertebrate Assemblages Collected from the Green River in Dinosaur National Monument in 1962 and 2001
    A Comparison of Aquatic Invertebrate Assemblages Collected from the Green River in Dinosaur National Monument in 1962 and 2001 Final Report for United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Dinosaur National Monument 4545 East Highway 40 Dinosaur, Colorado 81610-9724 Report Prepared by: Dr. Mark Vinson, Ph.D. & Ms. Erin Thompson National Aquatic Monitoring Center Department o f Fisheries and Wildlife Utah State University Logan, Utah 84322-5210 www.usu.edu/buglab 22 January 2002 i Foreword The work described in this report was conducted by personnel of the National Aquatic Monitoring Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. Mr. J. Matt Tagg aided in the identification of the aquatic invertebrates. Ms. Leslie Ogden provided computer assistance. Several people at Dinosaur National Monument helped us immensely with various project details. Steve Petersburg, Dana Dilsaver, and Dennis Ditmanson provided us with our research permit. Ann Elder helped with sample archiving. Christy Wright scheduled our trip and provided us with our river permit. We thank them all for all their help and good spirit. We also thank Mr. Walter Kittams (National Park Service, Regional Office, Omaha Nebraska) and Mr. Earl M. Semingsen (Superintendent, Dinosaur National Monument) for funding the study and the members of the 1962 University of Utah expedition: Dr. Angus M. Woodbury, Dr. Stephen Durrant, Mr. Delbert Argyle, Mr. Douglas Anderson, and Dr. Seville Flowers for their foresight to conduct the original study nearly 40 years ago. The concept and value of long-term ecological data is often bantered about, but its value is never more apparent then when we conduct studies like that presented here.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring Wilderness Stream Ecosystems
    United States Department of Monitoring Agriculture Forest Service Wilderness Stream Rocky Mountain Ecosystems Research Station General Technical Jeffrey C. Davis Report RMRS-GTR-70 G. Wayne Minshall Christopher T. Robinson January 2001 Peter Landres Abstract Davis, Jeffrey C.; Minshall, G. Wayne; Robinson, Christopher T.; Landres, Peter. 2001. Monitoring wilderness stream ecosystems. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-70. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 137 p. A protocol and methods for monitoring the major physical, chemical, and biological components of stream ecosystems are presented. The monitor- ing protocol is organized into four stages. At stage 1 information is obtained on a basic set of parameters that describe stream ecosystems. Each following stage builds upon stage 1 by increasing the number of parameters and the detail and frequency of the measurements. Stage 4 supplements analyses of stream biotic structure with measurements of stream function: carbon and nutrient processes. Standard methods are presented that were selected or modified through extensive field applica- tion for use in remote settings. Keywords: bioassessment, methods, sampling, macroinvertebrates, production The Authors emphasize aquatic benthic inverte- brates, community dynamics, and Jeffrey C. Davis is an aquatic ecolo- stream ecosystem structure and func- gist currently working in Coastal Man- tion. For the past 19 years he has agement for the State of Alaska. He been conducting research on the received his B.S. from the University long-term effects of wildfires on of Alaska, Anchorage, and his M.S. stream ecosystems. He has authored from Idaho State University. His re- over 100 peer-reviewed journal ar- search has focused on nutrient dy- ticles and 85 technical reports.
    [Show full text]
  • 100 Characters
    40 Review and Update of Non-mollusk Invertebrate Species in Greatest Need of Conservation: Final Report Leon C. Hinz Jr. and James N. Zahniser Illinois Natural History Survey Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois 30 April 2015 INHS Technical Report 2015 (31) Prepared for: Illinois Department of Natural Resources State Wildlife Grant Program (Project Number T-88-R-001) Unrestricted: for immediate online release. Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Brian D. Anderson, Interim Executive Director Illinois Natural History Survey Geoffrey A. Levin, Acting Director 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, IL 61820 217-333-6830 Final Report Project Title: Review and Update of Non-mollusk Invertebrate Species in Greatest Need of Conservation. Project Number: T-88-R-001 Contractor information: University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability Illinois Natural History Survey 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, IL 61820 Project Period: 1 October 2013—31 September 2014 Principle Investigator: Leon C. Hinz Jr., Ph.D. Stream Ecologist Illinois Natural History Survey One Natural Resources Way, Springfield, IL 62702-1271 217-785-8297 [email protected] Prepared by: Leon C. Hinz Jr. & James N. Zahniser Goals/ Objectives: (1) Review all SGNC listing criteria for currently listed non-mollusk invertebrate species using criteria in Illinois Wildlife Action Plan, (2) Assess current status of species populations, (3) Review criteria for additional species for potential listing as SGNC, (4) Assess stressors to species previously reviewed, (5) Complete draft updates and revisions of IWAP Appendix I and Appendix II for non-mollusk invertebrates. T-88 Final Report Project Title: Review and Update of Non-mollusk Invertebrate Species in Greatest Need of Conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Data and Biological Data for Algae, Aquatic Invertebrates, and Fish from Selected Reaches on the Carson and Truckee Rivers, Nevada and California, 1993–97
    U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Physical Data and Biological Data for Algae, Aquatic Invertebrates, and Fish from Selected Reaches on the Carson and Truckee Rivers, Nevada and California, 1993–97 Open-File Report 02–012 Prepared as part of the NATIONAL WATER-QUALITY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Physical Data and Biological Data for Algae, Aquatic Invertebrates, and Fish from Selected Reaches on the Carson and Truckee Rivers, Nevada and California, 1993–97 By Stephen J. Lawrence and Ralph L. Seiler Open-File Report 02–012 Prepared as part of the NATIONAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM Carson City, Nevada 2002 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GALE A. NORTON, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES G. GROAT, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government For additional information contact: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Information Services 333 West Nye Lane, Room 203 Building 810 Carson City, NV 89706–0866 Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225–0286 email: [email protected] http://nevada.usgs.gov CONTENTS Abstract.................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Dosdall and Lehmkuhl 1979 Qev15n1 3 116 CC Released.Pdf
    This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF SASKATCHEWAN LLOYD M. DOSDALL1 Biology Department University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N0W0 D.M. LEHMKUHL Biology Department University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Quaestiones Entomologicae S7N0W0 15:3-116 1979 Forty-one species, twenty-nine genera and eight families of Plecoptera are recorded from Saskatche wan. Distinguishing characters are given and keys are provided. Species recorded are: Pteronarcys dorsata (Say), Pteronarcella badia (Hagen), Taeniopteryx nivalis (Fitch), Oemopteryx fosketti (Packer), Capnia coloradensis Claassen, Capnia confusa Claassen, Capnia gracilaria Claassen, Capnia vernalis Newport, Paracapnia angulata Hanson, Isocapnia crinita (Needham and Claassen), Isocapnia missourii Ricker, Utacapnia trava (Nebeker and Gaufin), Nemoura rickeri Jewett, Shipsa rotunda (Claassen), Amphinemura linda (Ricker), Zapada cinctipes (Banks), Malenka californica (Claassenj, Podmosta delicatula (Claassen, Paraleuctra vershina Gaufin and Ricker, Leuctra ferruginea (Walker), Acroneuria abnormis (Newman), Acroneuria lycorias (Newman), Hesperoperla pacifica (Banks), C'laassenia sabulosa (Banks), Paragnetina media (Walker), Perlesta placida (Hagen), Isoperla bilineata (Say),
    [Show full text]
  • Microsoft Outlook
    Joey Steil From: Leslie Jordan <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, September 25, 2018 1:13 PM To: Angela Ruberto Subject: Potential Environmental Beneficial Users of Surface Water in Your GSA Attachments: Paso Basin - County of San Luis Obispo Groundwater Sustainabilit_detail.xls; Field_Descriptions.xlsx; Freshwater_Species_Data_Sources.xls; FW_Paper_PLOSONE.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S1.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S2.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S3.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S4.pdf CALIFORNIA WATER | GROUNDWATER To: GSAs We write to provide a starting point for addressing environmental beneficial users of surface water, as required under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). SGMA seeks to achieve sustainability, which is defined as the absence of several undesirable results, including “depletions of interconnected surface water that have significant and unreasonable adverse impacts on beneficial users of surface water” (Water Code §10721). The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a science-based, nonprofit organization with a mission to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. Like humans, plants and animals often rely on groundwater for survival, which is why TNC helped develop, and is now helping to implement, SGMA. Earlier this year, we launched the Groundwater Resource Hub, which is an online resource intended to help make it easier and cheaper to address environmental requirements under SGMA. As a first step in addressing when depletions might have an adverse impact, The Nature Conservancy recommends identifying the beneficial users of surface water, which include environmental users. This is a critical step, as it is impossible to define “significant and unreasonable adverse impacts” without knowing what is being impacted. To make this easy, we are providing this letter and the accompanying documents as the best available science on the freshwater species within the boundary of your groundwater sustainability agency (GSA).
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Egg Size and Shape Evolve with Ecology but Not Developmental Rate Samuel H
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1302-4 Insect egg size and shape evolve with ecology but not developmental rate Samuel H. Church1,4*, Seth Donoughe1,3,4, Bruno A. S. de Medeiros1 & Cassandra G. Extavour1,2* Over the course of evolution, organism size has diversified markedly. Changes in size are thought to have occurred because of developmental, morphological and/or ecological pressures. To perform phylogenetic tests of the potential effects of these pressures, here we generated a dataset of more than ten thousand descriptions of insect eggs, and combined these with genetic and life-history datasets. We show that, across eight orders of magnitude of variation in egg volume, the relationship between size and shape itself evolves, such that previously predicted global patterns of scaling do not adequately explain the diversity in egg shapes. We show that egg size is not correlated with developmental rate and that, for many insects, egg size is not correlated with adult body size. Instead, we find that the evolution of parasitoidism and aquatic oviposition help to explain the diversification in the size and shape of insect eggs. Our study suggests that where eggs are laid, rather than universal allometric constants, underlies the evolution of insect egg size and shape. Size is a fundamental factor in many biological processes. The size of an 526 families and every currently described extant hexapod order24 organism may affect interactions both with other organisms and with (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1). We combined this dataset with the environment1,2, it scales with features of morphology and physi- backbone hexapod phylogenies25,26 that we enriched to include taxa ology3, and larger animals often have higher fitness4.
    [Show full text]
  • Stonefly (Plecoptera) Collecting at Sagehen Creek Field Station, Nevada County, California During the Ninth North American Plecoptera Symposium
    Two new plecopterologists, Audrey Harrison and Kelly Nye (Mississippi College) sampling at Big Spring, a famous stonefly collecting site in California. If one looks closely, Sierraperla cora (Needham & Smith) and Soliperla sierra Stark are running about. Dr. R. Edward DeWalt, one of the hosts of NAPS-10 in 2012. Article: Stonefly (Plecoptera) Collecting at Sagehen Creek Field Station, Nevada County, California During the Ninth North American Plecoptera Symposium Boris C. Kondratieff1, Jonathan J. Lee2 and Richard W. Baumann3 1Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 E-mail: [email protected]. 22337 15th Street, Eureka, CA 95501 E-mail: [email protected] 11 3Department of Biology, Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 E-mail: [email protected] The Ninth North American Plecoptera Symposium was held at the University of California’s Berkeley Sagehen Creek Field Station from 22 to 25 June 2009. The rather close proximity of Sagehen Creek to the actual meeting site (less than 100 m away) surely encouraged collecting of stoneflies. Sagehen Creek Field Station is located on the eastern slope of the northern Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, approximately 32 km north of Lake Tahoe. The Field Station occupies 183 ha. Sagehen Creek itself extends about 13 km from the headwater on Carpenter Ridge, east of the Sierra Crest to Stampede Reservoir on the Little Truckee River. The stream is fed by springs, fens, and other wetlands. The Sagehen Basin spans a significant precipitation gradient resulting in variation of stream flow. Sheldon and Jewett (1967) and Rademacher et al.
    [Show full text]