Typical Adult Stonefly and Cast Nymphal Skin (Courtesy of Dr. E. S. Ross, California Academy of Sciences) BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA SURVEY VOLUME 6, NO. 6

THE STONEFLIES () OF CALIFORNIA

BY STANLEY G. JEWETT, JR (U.S. Bureau ofCommercia1 Fisheries, Portland, Oregon)

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES l%O BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Editors: E. G. Linsley, S. B. Freeborn, P. D.Hurd, R. L. Usinger Volume 6, No. 6, pp. 125 - 178,41 figures in text, frontis. Submitted by Editors, February 10,1959 Issued June 17, 1960 Price $1.25

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSEY PRESS LONDON, ENGLAND

PRINTED BY OFFSET IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA

BY STANLEY G. JEWETT, JR.

INTRODUCTION cipally vegetarian and the Setipalpia mostly car- nivorous - both the physical character of the Plecoptera is a relatively small order of aquatic aquatic environment and its biota govern the kinds with a world fauna of approximately 1,200 of stoneflies which occur in a habitat. Much valu- species. They require moving water for develop- able work could be done in determining the eco- ment of the nymphs, and for that reason the adults logical distribution of stoneflies in California, are usually found near streams. In some northern and the results could have application in fishery regions their early life is passed in cold lakes management and pollution studies. where the shore area is composed of gravel, but In general, the stonefly fauna of the western in most areas the immature stages are passed in cordilleran region is of similar aspect. Of the creeks and rivers. There is a marked seasonal 101 species recorded herein for California, 73 succession in the emergence of stoneflies, par- occur in Oregon, and 60 are recorded for British ticularly in the northern hemisphere; adult stone- Columbia. As further collecting is done in west- flies can be collected every month of the year in ern North America, indications of an even greater California if the proper locality is visited. homogeneity in the Plecopteran fauna can be ex- Adult members of the genus Btachyptera are pected than these records indicate. Nevertheless, occasionally an agricultural pest to soft fruit existing records show that many species have a crops in the Pacific Northwest, where they are limited range and that distinctive differences oc- reported to feed on the tender buds of these plants cur in the stonefly fauna of different regions with- (Newcomer, 1918). The principal economic im- in western North America. For example, the coast- portance of the majority of species, however, lies al area of central California has at least three in their beneficial value as food for fish. Dimick unique species that probably occur only in that and Mote (1934) rat e stoneflies as the second area. Several northern species are holarctic, but most important order of insects in the diet of none of these reaches California. Several stone Oregon rainbow trout that are resident in streams. flies are w i des p read in North America among Stoneflies require a habitat with cool, well- which are Taeniopteryz mawa(Pictet)and Leuctra oxygenated water. The temperature of the water swa Claassen, both of which occur in eastern controls development and emergence; streams with North America and in California. Table 1 indi- marked temperature changes during the seasons cates present records of California stoneflies by usually display a distinctive sequence of emer- counties. gence of various species. Springs and streams The world stonefly fauna includes nine fami- of constant or nearly constant temperature do not lies (Ricker, 1951), three of which are primarily have a distinctive succession of forms; the spe- Notogaeaa. Six occur in North America, and all cies frequenting such habitats emerge during a of these are represented in California. There are period of many months. Some stoneflies occur approximately 350 d e s c r i bed North American only in large streams; some are found solely in stoneflies. As the fauna of this state becomes small streams; still others frequent a wide range better known, the present list of 101 species will of stream sizes. Since they differ in their Eeed- probably be increased. ing habits - the suborder Filipalpia being prin- In addition to my material (S.G.J.), the cob 126 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY lections of the California Academy of Sciences primarily diurnal, but many Setipalpia are crepus- (C.A.S.), the California Insect Survey (C.I.S.), cular or nocturnal and are attracted at night to the University of California at Los Angeles artificial lights. (U.C.L.A.), D. L. Abell (D.L.A.),the late Harry Egg. - Eggs are most frequently deposited in P. Chandler (H.P.C.), Steph en W. Hitchcock flight over water, but so m e species, notably (S.H.), and Wm. E. Ricker (W.E.R.), have provided among the Filipalpia, crawl to the water’s edge the majority of the records for California stone- for egg deposition. A stonefly may lay eggs only flies. A few specimens which I have collected once or several times. In some species the total have been deposited in the United States National number of eggs deposited by one stonefly is Museum (U.S.N.M.). Permission to examine the known to exceed a thousand. Egg shape usually material and record specimens in these collec- differs in the two suborders: those of the Fili- tions is gratefully acknowledged. palpia are spherical in general shape and have a Adult. - The adult stonefly is readily distin- sticky coating w h en moistened, an adaptation guished from other insects with which it might be which enables them to adhere to the substrate; confused, such as male Embioptera and certain those of the Setipalpia are usually longer than Neuroptera, by its relatively primitive venation wide but variously shaped and sculptured, with- and mouth parts and by the fact that stoneflies out an adhesive coating but with an anchor plate. always have three tarsal segments and two or Nymphs.- The nymphs of European stoneflies three ocelli. Stoneflies vary in body length from and those found in the midwestern United States 4-5 mm. (small Capnia and Nemowa) to 40-50 mm. are rather well known, but those of a great many (large Pteronmcys). Most stoneflies are normally North American species have not yet been de- winged, but a number are known to be brachypter- scribed; this is particularly true of our western ous. One little-known western species, recorded species. Many stonefly nymphs occur in waters only from New Mexico, is apparently wingless in with a gravel bottom, but soae species are found the male (Capnia fibula Claassen); this is also where the substrate is chiefly detritus. Generally, true of another Capniid found in the Midwest, the Filipalpia are found most abundantly in cooler AZlocapnia vidpara (Claassen). Filipalpia are waters, and the Setipalpia, most commonly in

FiK. 1. Bmciiyptera pacifica. a, adult female; b, mandibles in ventral view; c, female terminal abdominal seEmencs; d, labium; e, maxilla; f, hbrum. dorsally at left and ventrally at right (Newcomer, 1918). THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 127 warmer waters. Many exceptions occur, and in a pair of forceps. During the rest of the year the some tropical regions only Setipalpia are found. most productive method of collecting is by sweep- For the stoneflies which have been reared from ing vegetation along streams with an insect net. eggs, the number of instars has varied from The foliage of conifers is a favorite resting place twenty-two to thirty-three (Claassen, 1931, pp. for stoneflies w h e rev e r those trees bo r d e r 7-8). Development of the nymph may occur grad- streams. Nocturnal species may be taken at arti- ually, but in the majority of species there is ap- ficial lights, from under large stones bordering parently a period shortly after hatching when streams, and particularly from under loose bark growth virtually ceases (Brinck, 1949, pp. 131- of logs which extend into the water. Cast nymphal 140). The nymphal stage lasts about a year in skins found on rocks or tree trunks near the water most species, but two or three years are required should be preserved. in some. Nymphs may or may not have external Nymphs are easily collected by overturning gills on the mentum, submentum, neck, thoracic rocks and stirring gravel in stream beds upstream segments, or on the first few abdominal segments, from the opening of an aquatic net of fine-meshed or gills may be extruded from the anus. Remnants sieve. An excellent source of nymphs is among of nymphal gills are present on some adults and the debris which collects at grills at water diver- ace important in classifying the order. sion structures. Nymphs may be reared by plac- The keys presented here have been modified ing them in small wire cages fixed to a floating from those prepared for my chapter on Plecoptera raft in streams in such a manner that the upper in Usinger et d. (19%). As indicated in that part of each cqe is above the water level (Fri- study, most of the keys have been adapted from son, 19334 pp. 305-307). those devised by Claassen (1931), Frison (1935, 1942), Needham and Claassen (1925), and Ricker (1943, 1952). Illustrations have been reproduced TAXONOMIC CHARACTERS from published figures. Literature citations for each species include the original descripaon, the Wing venation, gills, number of ocelli, and male reference in Needham and Claassen's 1925 mono- genitalia are the principal morphological features graph if included in that work, and synonyms and systematic references occurring subsequent to 1925. Literature references before 1925 may be found in the Needham and Claassen monograph. The s y stemat i c arrangement of Ricker (1950, 1952) has been followed closely.

PRESERVING AND COLLECTING

Stonefly nymphs and adults should be preserved in 70 to 75 per cent ethyl or isopropyl alcohol and preferably placed in it as they are collected or very soon after. Stoneflies ace soft-bodied in- sects and particularly ducing warm weather will soon dry and shrivel if left exposed to the air after death. A convenient sized vial for tempot- ary preservation is one of three-dram capacity measuring 65 by 17 mm. Cork or rubber stoppers may be used but the latter give better protection from evaporation. Care should be exercised not to crowd too many specimens into a vial. Speci- mens in vials of smaller diameter with cotton plugs are best stored permanently in large jars filled with 70 per cent alcohol. Adult stoneflies may be collected in several ways. From late autumn to early spring, when most Capniids and many Nemourids emerge, con- crete bridges over streams are excellent sources of specimens which can be easily collected with Fit. 2. Dorsd vier of a eollatncted 8taaefly nymph (Pnsw. 1935). 128 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY used in classifying stoneflies above the species level. The genitalia of both sexes, but particu- larly those of the male, are used primarily for dif- ferentiating species. The dorsal color patterns of the head, thorax, and abdomen are very useful in classifying the Setipalpia and are specifically distinct for many species. The mouth pacts and chaetotaxy of nymphs seem to be distinctive for most species, but the association of nymphs with Fig. 3. Vend view of nymphd labium. a, Tasnioptsyz mawq b, Isoprrla patdaia (a, Frison, 1935; b, Frisaa, 1942b). adults is best a c c o m p 1i s h e d through rearing. Where external gills occur, nymphs may some- 3(2). Form cockroachlike; ocelli 2; nymphal times be associated with adults of the same spe- thoracic sterna produced posteriorly in- cies, since remnants of nymphal gills persist in to thin plates overlapping the segment the adult stage. behind; at least 10 costal cross veins Usually clearing of genitalia in adults is un- in fore wing...... necessary in studying stoneflies if the specimens .....: Peltoperla have been preserved correctly in alcohol. Ex- Form typical; ocelli 3; less than 10 costal ceptions occur with some of the smaller species, cross veins in the fore wing except in with dry or poorly preserved alcoholic specimens, Isocapnia which may have 10 or more and with genera where the aedeagus is useful or ...... 4 necessary for specific identification. The mouth 4(3). Second tarsal segment much shorter than pacts of nymphs should be cleared. Clearing is the first, fig. 4, a ...... 5 easily accomplished by placing the mouth parts Second tarsal segment at least as long as or the terminal third of the abdomen in 10 to 15 the first, fig. 4, b ...... per cent KOH. Softening of the nonsclerotized ...... TAENIOPTERYGINAE 10 parts is usually accomplished within twenty-four hours, and these can be removed; heating the KOH will greatly speed the process. After sev- eral baths in distilled water, the structure may be kept in the larger vial containing the rest of the specimen. Notes and records on distribution of the spe- cies have been gleaned from the literature, from my notes based on material which I have identi- fied, and from correspondence with other workers. Specimens recorded were identified by Dr. Wm. E. Ricker or by me; specific data are omitted for a few widespread, common species. 5(4). Stout nymphs with hind wing pads strongly diverging from the axis of the body; wings lying nearly flat when at rest; 2d Key to the Families and Genera anal vein of fore wing forked, fig. 5, b; of California Plecoptera Nymphs and Adults cerci of adult 1-segmented...... (Figs. 1-5,28, 30) ...... NEMOURINAE: Cylindrical elongate nymphs with hind 1. Paraglossae and glossae of about equal wing pads nearly parallel with the axis length, fig.3, a ...... of the body; wings either rolled around ...... Suborder FILIPALPIA 2 the body at rest or wings flat when at Paraglossae much longer than the glos- rest and with 2d anal vein of the fore sae, fig. 3, b,...... wing simple, fig. 5, a, C-f; cerci of ...... Suborder SETIPALPIA 12 adult either 1-segmented or with more 2(1). Abdomen without branched gills on the than 4 segments...... 6 ventral side; anal area of the fore wing 66). Nymphal abdominal segments 1 to 9 di- without cross veins or with only 1 row vided by a membranous fold laterally; of them...... -3 wings flat with 1 or rarely 2 intercubital Branched gills on the ventral side of the cross veins in the fore wing, fig. 5, c, abdominal segments 1 and 2; anal area e, f; 2d anal vein of the fore wing of the fore wing with 2 or more full rows simple; cerci of adult with at least 4 of cross veins . . PTERONARCIDAE 11 segments ...... CAPNIINAE 8 THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 129

At most only the first 7 abdominal seg- 8(6). Nymphal cerci without mesal and lateral ments of the nymph divided by a mem- fringes of long silky hairs and abdomi- branous fold; wings rolled around the nal segments without bristles; inner mar- body; intercubital cross veins of the gin of the hind wing pad of nymph with fore wing usually more than 5, fig. 5, a notch about half way from base to tip; a, d: 2d anal vein of the fore wing R1 of fore wing bent upward at its ori- forked; cerci of adult l-segmented. ... gin; 1st anal vein of fore wing bent ...... LEUCTRINAE 7 abruptly caudad at its junction with cu- 7(6). Segments 1 to 7 of the nymphal abdomen a and then curved outwardly again, fig. divided laterally by a membranous fold; 5-, e ...... Capnia veins Rs and M in the fore wing with a Nymphal cerci with fringes of long silky common origin on R, fig. 5, d ...... hairs or abdominal segments with bris- ...... Petlomyia tles; R, of fore wing not bent upward at Only the first 5 or 6 nymphal abdominal its origin; 1st anal vein of fore wing segments divided laterally; veins Rs and without abrupt bend at its junction with M in the fore wing arising from R beyond cu-a, fig. 5, e, f ...... 9 the origin of M, fig. 5, a . . , . . Leuctra 9(8). Nymphal abdominal segments with a few

b C

d e f

i k

FiR. 5. Wings of stoneflies. a-j, fore win#: a, Leuotra claasseni; b, Nsmowa beaametaa; c, Ieocapnia sp.; d, Pcrlomyia utahsnsia; e, Capnia pro- jecta; f, Eucapnopas brsuicada; g-k, fore and hind wings: g, Acronswia pacific% A, Allopsrla borealis; i, Aroy~ptcyzawe% j, lsogenus alameda; k, Kathroperlcr psrdita (a, Frison, 1935; b, c, Ricker, 1943; d, g, h, i, j, k, Needham and Clanssen, 1925; e, j, Frison, 1937). 130 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

slender bristles; cerci without long silky fork at the margin of the cell or included hairs; cerci of adult with fewer than 10 in it, fig. 5, h, k ...... segments; 1 cross vein in costal area ...... 17, beyond the cord, fig. 5, f. . Eucapnopsis 14(13). Nymphs without a striped pattern on the Nymphal cerci w i t h mesal and lateral abdomen; wings with or without a distal fringes of long silky swimming hairs; network of cross veins; adult male 10th cerci of adult with more than 11 seg- tergite completely cleft ...... ments; 2 or more cross veins in costal ...... ISOGENINAE 15 area beyond the cord, fig. 5, c ...... Nymphal abdominal segments usually with ...... Isocapnia a longitudinal striped pattern; wings never with a distal network of cross lO(4). Nymph with a single gill on each coxa; veins; adult 10th tergite of male entire coxal scars on adult; adult male cerci or at most slightly notched ...... 1-segmen ted; adult female 9th sternite ...... 16 without a long projection .. Taeniopteryx 15(14). Gills present on the thorax, or if absent, Nymph without coxal gills; adult male the submental gills at least twice as cerci with at least 3 segments; adult long as their greatest width; wings with female 9th sternite with a long projec- 4 to many cross veins beyond the cord, tion ...... Brachyptera and these usually arranged in an irregu- ll(2). Ventral abdominal gills on segment 3 lar network, fig. 5, i; 7th abdominal ...... P teronar ce 11 a sternite of male without a lobe ..... No ventral abdominal gills on segment 3 ...... ...... P t eronarc y s Gills absent from the thorax; submental 12(1). Profusely branched gills at t h e lower gills less than twice as long as their angles of the thorax; cubito-anal cross greatest width; wings with no more than vein of fore wing usually either in the 2 cross veins beyond the cord, fig. 5, anal cell or distant from it by no more j; 7th abdominal sternite of male with than its own length, fig. 5, g ...PER- a lobe behind ...... Isogenzcs LIDAE, ACRONEURINAE: Acroneuria 16(14). Subanal lobes of male not formed into Branched gills absent from the thorax; hooks; male 10th tergite slightly notched cubito-anal cross vein, if present, usu- dorsally, fig. 18, a (nymph unknown) ally distant from the anal cell by more ...... Calliperla than its own length, fig. 5, h-k ...13 Subanal lobes of male formed into hooks; 13(12). Nymphal body usually pigmented in a dis- male 10th tergite enti re, fig. 30, c-e tinct pattern; nymphal cerci usually at ...... least as long as the abdomen; pads of 17(13). Eyes small and set far forward; nymphal the hind wings in nearly mature nymphs body narrow and elongate; anal veins set at an angle so that their central axis with 5 to 7 branches reaching to the mar- diverges considerably from the axis of gin of the wing, fig. 5, k ...... the body; gills absent or simple gills ...... PARAPERLINAE 18 present on submentum, thorax, or ab- Eyes large and normally situated; body domen; fork of 2d anal vein of the fore less elongate; anal veins with 4 wing included in the anal cell so that branches at most...... its 2 branches leave the cell separately, ...... CHLOROPERLINAE 19 fig. 5, i, j ...... 14 18(17). Head longer than wide ....Kathroperla Body of nymph almost concolorous with- Head about as wide as long . . Paraperla out a pattern; cerci of nymph not more 19(17). Lgngth of mature nymphs, excluding cerci, than 3/4 as long as the abdomen; pads 5-7 mm.; inner margins of the hind wing of hind wings nearly parallel to the axis pads of nymph almost straight; anal area of the body except in mature Kathtoperla of hind wing absent .....Hastaperla which has the head elongated behind Length of mature nymphs usually more the eyes; external gills entirely lack- than 6 mm.; the inner margin of the hind ing; 2d anal vein of the fore wing not wing pads of nymph curved or notched; forked or forked beyond the anal cell anal area of hind wing.. present- ...... except in Kathropeka which h as the ...... Alloperla THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 131

Family PELTOPERLIDAE Pac. Ent., 30 (3):167, female. Suborder FILIPALPIA Type locality: Nevada. Geographic range: Nevada and California. The peculiar, roachlike nymphs of Peltoperla are California record: common in the streams of California, and the Sonoma Co.: 6 mi. S. Middletown, male, V-ll- group is well represented by at least four species 26 (C.A.S.); same locality, male, 5 females, V-12- which are placed in three subgenera. 26 (C.A.S. and S.G.J.). Discussion: The members of the subgenus Soliperla have seldom been collected and little is known about them. In Oregon, P. campanula Jewett, a species related to thyra, has been taken with members of the subgenus Yoraperla in small, cold streams of the Cascade Mountains, but the collection dates indicate that its emergence is generally somewhat later than that of the two species of Yoraperla with which it is associated. Several nymphs of Soliperla, readily distinguished by the gill ar- rangement, have been examined from California, but these have not been associated with adult males so their specific identity is conjectural. As indicated in the key, the species of Sol- Fig. 6. Tamida of PJtOtda. e, mra, md vier of female; b, bra&, dorsal vier of male; a, 6ru.i.. rend der of female; d, Cora, iperla are most readily distinguished in the male T-CNI view of mate; a, Uy4 Idvier of ade; f, 6ru.i.. wndview by the shape of the sclerotized structure of the of male (Nndbm .ad Clamssen. 1925). aedeagus; this is u s u a1 1y visible through the Key to the California Subgenera and walls of the 9th segment. Females cannot yet Species of Peltoperla be separated w i t h certainty; more associated (Figs. 6; 40, a) material of the sexes is needed for study.

1. No cervical gills; one pair of gills each on 2. Peltoperla (Soliperla) the meso- ind metathorax . . (Soliperla) 2 quadrispinula J ewett A pair of cervical gills present; gills on all (Fig. 40, a) thoracic segments 3 ...... Peltoperla (Soliperla) quadrispinula Jewett, 2(1). Aedeagus of male with a sclerotized, bi- 1954, lobed process ...... tAyra Pan-Pac. Em., 30(3):169; male and female. Aedeagus of male with 4 bristlelike process- Type locality: Wrangle Gap Camp, Rogue River es ...... qucrdrispintsla National Forest, Jackson County, Oregon. 3(1). Two pairs of gills on each thoracic seg- Geographic range: Oregon and California. California record: ment; adult 9-14 mm. in lenEth ...... Trinity Co.: Coffee Cr., male, VI-7-34 (E.C...... (Sub qe nus Y orap erta) brevis Two pairs of gills on pro- and mesothorax, Van Dyke, C. A. S.). 1 bilobed pair on the metathorax; adult 18-26 mm. in length ...... 3. Peltoperla (Yoraperla) brevis Banks (Fig. 6, b, f) ...... (Subgenus Sierraperla) Cora I 1. Peltoperla (Soliperla) thyra Peltoperla brevis Banks, 1907, Can. Ent., 39328, Needham and Smith female. (Fig. 6, e) Peltoperla brevis Needham and Claassen, 11925, Monog. Plecop., pp. 171-172; wing, pl. 15, fig. Peltoperla tAyra Needham and Smith, 1916, Can. 1; male and female genitalia,pl. 31, figs. Enr., 48:87, male. 11-13. Peltoperla tAyra Needham and Claassen, 1925, Peltoperla brevis Ricker, 1943, Stoneflies SW B. Monog. Plecop.,pp. 170-171; wing, pl. 15, fig. C., pp. 46-48; nymph, figs. 6 and 9. 2; male genitalia, pl. 31, figs. 9 and 10. Peltoperla brevis R i c k e r, 1952, Syst. Studies Peltoperla tliyra R i c k e r, 1952, Syst. Studies Plecop., p. 157, placed in new subgenus Yor- Plecop., p. 157, placed in new subgenus aperla. Soliperla. Type locality: Glacier, British Columbia. Peltoperla (Soliperla) thyra Jewett, 1954, Pan- Geographic range: British Columbia, Alberta, 132 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

and Montana to California. assigned to a subgenus, the species fall into six California record: subgenera as described by Ricker (1952). Be- Inyo, Mariposa, Mono, Plumas, San Bernardino, cause the nymphs of so m any species remain Shasta, and Tuolumne counties. June to August. undescribed, no nymphal key is presented; how- Discussion: ever, for species possessing external gills, the This is the smallest Pacific coast species of key to females may be helpful in placing speci- the genus and is abundant in the small, mountain mens. streams of California. P. marianu Ricker, a close- ly related and larger species found from British Key to the Males of California Subgenera Columbia to Oregon, may occur in California. In and Species of Nemoura the nymph, P. mariana is separated most readily (Figs. 7-9; 40, b; 41, f-i) by the differently shaped plate on the metaster- num, the posterior border being straight instead 1. Cerci elongated and heavily sclerotized of the corners turning rearward as in P. 6reuis. to the tip; at 1e as t on the outer sur- The type of P. nighsoma Banks (1948) from faces, and with one or two spines or Sequoia National Park has not been examined, processes on the distal margin ....2 and the description is inadequate to distinguish Cerci membranous or weakly sclerotized it from P. brevis or P. matiana. Since nigrisoma (except for a distinct mesobasal proc- may prove to be a synonym, this name has not ess, o f t e n sclerotized, in some spe- been given separate listing. cies of Mdenka); the tip blunt, without spines or processes ...... 3 4. Peltoperla (Sierraperla) Cora 2(1). Tip of cercus with one spine; tip of sub Needham and Smith anal lobes slender but short; no gills (Fig. 6, a, d) on head or neck ...... spiniloba Tip of cercus with two spines; tip of sub- Peltoperla Cora Needham and Smith, 1916, Can. anal lobes long and slender; 2-branched Ent., 48:86; female. gills inserted at the sides of the mentum Peltopetla Cora Needham an d Claassen, 1925, ...... (Subgenus Visoka) cataractae Monog. Plecop., pp. 172-173; male and female 3(1). Veins A, and A20f the fore wing united genitalia, pl. 31, figs. 14-16. a little before their outer end ...... Peltoperla Cora Jewett, 1954, Pan-Pac. Ent., 30 ...... (Subgenus ) 4 (3):170-171; nymph, and placed in new sub- Veins A, and A2separateat the tip; sub- genus Sierrapetla. anal lobes not as above ...... 5 Type locality: Reno, Nevada. 4(3). Paired tubercles on tergites 2 to 4 .... Geographic range: Nevada and California...... producta California records: Paired tubercles absent from tergites ... Colusa Co.: Paradise Cr., 2,400 ft., 2 nymphs, ...... n. nevadensis IV-18-51 (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.). 5(3). Cervical gills present ...... 6 El Dorado Co.: Pyramid Ranger Station, fe- Cervical gills absent ...... 14 male, VII-12-48 (C. I. S. ). 6(5). Gills unbranched except in cinctipes Plumas Co.: Howells, 2,000 ft., 1 nymph, VIII- which has gills often >branched and 29-46 (H. P. Chandler, S. G. J.); Tributaries of wings with contrasting clear and pig- Smith Cr., el. ca. 6,500 ft,, Blairsden, male, VI- mented bands ...(Subgenus ) 7 11-52 (Wm. E. Ricker, W.E.R.). Gills with 6 or more branches; wings with- Shasta Co.: Hat. Cr., 4 females, VI-23-47 out any clear transverse bands; subanal (D. W. Adams, C.I.S.); Shingletown, 2 males, 2 lobes divided (except marionae) almost females, VI-7-41 (C. W. Anderson, C. I. S. and to the base into 2 parts, one or both of S. G. J.). them spinulose ...... Siskiyou Co.: Mt. Shasta, male, VI-27-14 ...... (Subgenus Mdenka) 11 (C. A. S.), Shasta Sprgs., 2 males, 1 female, VI- 15-20 (E. P. Van Duzee, C. A. S. and S. G. J.). 7(6). Wings uniformly dark; gills 12 to 15 times as long as wide ...... fTigida Family NEMOURIDAE Wings conspicuously b an ded or mostly Subfamily NEMOURINAE clear; gills less than 10 times as long as wide...... 8 California is rich in species of NemouTa, 15 of 8(7). Gills branched one to several times (very which are recorded to date. With the exception rarely unbranched) tip of the wings clear of N. sviniloba Tewett which has not vet been ...... cinctives THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 133

a C

Fig. 7. Male tenninalia of Nemwra, in lateral view. a, columliima; b, nevadensis intenupla; c, Fgida; d, nevadends nevadensis; e, oregonensis; f, cinctipes (Needham and Claassen, 1925).

Fig. 8. Male terminalia of Ncmoura. a, haysi, dorsal view; b, colaractac, ventral view; c, bssamcbsa, lateral view (a. c, Ricker, 1952; b, Neave, 1933).

Gills simple...... 9 Subanal lobes w i t h the inner terminal 9(8). Gills constricted at the base and one or angle obtuse and rounded so that the more times (usually twice) beyond the lobe appears almost triangular, and base ...... cohmbiana bearing a sclerotized knob on the distal Gills constricted at the base only, if at lateral corner of t h e inner membrane all (a s 1 i g h t subterminal constriction ...... hay& o.ccasionally in Auysi) ...... 10 ll(6). Mesobasal lobe of the cercus sclerotized lO(9). Subanal lobes quadrangular, the inner ter- and sharply pointed inward and back- minal angle rather sharp without any ward ...... californica sclerotized knob on the inner membrane Mesobasal lobe of the cercus rounded and ...... otegonensis usually membranous ...... 12 134 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

a b

I

Fig. 10. Feade mlin.lia of Neaomm, in vend view. 4, catmactae; b, beametaa (Ricker. 1943). over the 8th which is very weak ...... (Subgenus Zapada) 4 Gills branched; 7th sternite moderately or little produced, not covering all of the' 8th; 8th sternite bearing a distinct ter- Fig. 9. Male te~naliaof Nemmuo. a, di7prerrcr. dorad view; b, de- minal or subterminal notch licat40. &rsd view; c, bilobq dorsal vier; d, odifarnica, dorul vier; ...... e, produc(a, lud view (ctd. Needbam ud Clussen 192J. e, Frison, ...... (Subgenus Malenka) 8 1937). Wings uniformly dark;gills 12 to 15 times as long as broad ...... frigida 12(11). Tip of the subanal lobes simple . .) . . 13 Tip of the subanal lobes divided into'2 Wings conspicuously banded or mostly divergent and acute prongs ... biloba clear; gills less than 10 times as long 13(12). Subanal lobe simple, tip broad in dorsal as wide...... 5 view, coarsely serrate ..... marionae Gills branched 1 to several times (very Subanal lobesdivided into two parts, ups rarely unbranched); tip of the wing clear slender in dorsal view, not serrate ...... cinctipes ...... depressa Gills simple...... 6 14(5). Supra-anal process slender, completely Gills constricted at the base and 1 or recurved along the 10th and 9th terg?tes; more times, usually twice, beyond the wings banded ...... base ...... colum biaaa ...... (Subgenus ) besametsa Gills constricted only at the base if at Supra-anal process rather s h o r t, thick, all (a slight constriction, subterminal, complex in structure, and only slightly occasionally in Acaysi) ...... 7 bent forward...... Produced part of the 7th sternite light- .....(Subgenus ) delicatda colored and narrowly rounded, almost semicircular ...... oregonensis Key to Females of California Subgenera Produced part of t h e 7th sternite dark- and Species of Nemoura' colored, at least along the broadly (Figs. 10-11; 41, h) rounded or nearly straight hind margin ...... hay& 1. Gills present under the neck or head . . 2 Median no t c h completely bisecting 8th Gills absent ...... 11 sternite ...... biloba 2(1). One branched gill present on each side Median notch no t completely bisecting of the mentum; wings not banded; 7th 8th sternite...... 9 sternite moderately produced ...... A nipple on the 7th sternite ...... 10 ...... (Subgenus Visoka) cataractae No nipple on the 7th sternite . . rnarionae Two gills present on each side of the 10(9). Nipple of the 7th sternite low, inconspic- neck, branched or simple; wing usually uous, often scarcely recognizable, its banded, spotted, or completely infus- base confluent with the hind margin of cated ...... 3 the sternite ...... depressa 3(2). Gills simple filaments (except in cinc- Nipple of the 7th sternite erect, easily tipes); 7th sternite produced completely distinguishable in side view at least, its base set somewhat anterior to the Female of N. spiniloba unknown hind margin of the sternite ...... THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 135 ...... californica Nemoura biloba Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies Ple- 11(1). Veins A, and A, united near the margin cop., p. 32; placed in new subgenus Malenka. of the wing; 7th sternite produced over Type locality: Los Angeles County, California. the full length of the 8th ...... Geographic range: Southwestern California...... (Subgenus Soyedina) 12 California records: Veins A, and A, not united; 7th sternite Fresno Co.: Dry Cr., 10 mi. N. E. Academy, not produced over the full length of the 1,000 ft., male, IV-10-55 (D. L. Abell, D.L.A.). 8th...... 13 Kern Co.: Fort Tejon, 2 males, 2 females, IV- 12(11). Subgenital plate of the 7th sternite more 6-32 (E. P. Van Duzee, C. A. S. and S. G. J.). broadly rounded ...... n. nevadensis Los Angeles Co.: Topanga Canyon, female, Subgenital plate less broadly rounded . . V-30-51 (U. C. L. A.); same locality, except 2 ...... producta males, 1 female, V-19-51 (U.C.L.A.); Santa Mon- ica hits., male, V-24-51 (U.C.L.A.); Santa Anita Canyon, 4 males, 1 female, VI-7-52 (J. A. Norris (U. C. L. A.); Mandeville Canyon, Santa Monica Mts., male and female, VII-22-52 (W. A. MacDon- ald (U. C. L. A.). 7. Nemoura (Malenka) califomica Claassen (Fig. 9, d) Nemoura califomica Claassen, 1923, Can. Ent., Fig. 11. Female terminah of Naoutcl depama, in vend view. 55:284; male and female. Nemoura califomica Needham and Claassen, 1925, 13(11). Wings mostly dark with a clear band Monog. Plecop., p. 207; pl. 35, figs. 16-19, across the middle of the outer field ... male and female genitalia (fig. 19, subgenital .....(Subgenus Prostoia) besametsa plate of female, is evidently N. dimicki). Wings entirely clear or with some of the Nemoura califotnica Neave, 1929, Contr. Can. veins darkened near the cord; median Biol. N. S. 4, p. 162; female, fig. 8. sclerotized stripe of the 8th sternite 3 Nemoura lobata Frison, 1936, Ann. Ent. Soc.Amer., to 4 times as long as its greatest 29:260; male, pl. 1, figs. 5-7. breadth, of nearly uniform width through- Nemoura califomica Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies out. ..(Subgenus Podmosta) deliccrtu2a Plecop., p. 33; placed in new subgenus M al enka. 5. Nemoura spiniloba Jewett Type locality: Oakland Hills, Alameda County, (Fig. 40, b) California. Geographic range: Alberta and British Columbia Nemoura spiniloba Jewett, 1954, Pan-Pac. Ent., to California and New Mexico. 30(3): 172; male. California records: Type locality: Woodacre, Marin County, Califor- El Dorado Co.: Gillmore L., Tahoe, 8,000 ft., nia. 5 males, 4 females (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.); Geographic ran ge : California. Emerald Bay, Tahoe, 2 males, 1 female, VII-28-46 California records: (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.). Marin Co.: Woodacre, holotype male, III-31-49 Marin Co.: Tamalpais, 1 female, VII-8-48 (H. (L. W. Quate, C. A.S.). E. Cote, C. I. S.). Contra Costa Co.: Berkeley, male, IV-8-54 Sierra Co.: Snag L., 7 mi. N. Sierra City, male, (P. D. Hurd, S.G. J.). 11 females, X-26-52 (S. G. J.). Discussion: 6. Nernoura (Malenka) biloba Claassen Nemoura cdifomica is an abundant autumn (Fig. 9, c) species n o r t h of California, and occasionally emerges during the spring season at some local- Nemoura biloba Claassen, 1923, Can. Ent., 55: ities. Another closely associated species, N. 282; male and female. cornuta Claassen, occurs commonly from south- Nemoura biloba Needham and Claassen, 1925, ern Oregon north to British Columbia and may oc- Monog. Plecop., p. 205; male and female gen- cur in northwestern California. It is yellow-brown italia, pl. 35, figs. 1-4. in color, and in the male the process at the base Nemoura biloba Seemann, 1927, Jour. Ent. and of the cercus has a prong which points straight Zool., 19:54; wings and nymph, pl. 1, figs. 4-9. back instead of mostly inward as in N. californica. 136 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

The adults emerge during the spring season. Nemoura delicatula Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies Plecop., p. 43; placed in new subgenus Po& 8. Nemoura (Malenka) depressa Banks mo sta. (Figs. 9, a; 11) Type locality: Boulder, Colorado. Geographic range: Central British Columbia to Nemoura depressa Banks, 1898, Trans.Amer. Ent. California and Colorado. SOC., 25:200; female. California records: Nemoura depressa Needham and Claassen, 1925, El Dorado Co. (?): Near L. Tahoe, 2 females, Monog. Plecop., p. 206; wing, pl. 32, fig. 6; VI-27-53 (D. G. Denning, S. G. J.). male and female genitalia, pl. 35, figs. 9-12. Tuolumne Co.: Gaylor Lakes, 10,000 ft., Yo- Nemoura depressa Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies semite National Park, male, female, VII-8-46 (H. Plecop., p. 33; placed in new subgenus P. Chandler, C. I. S.); Tuolumne Meadows, Yo- Malenka. semite National Park, male, VII-9-46 (H. P. Chand- Type locality: Cottage Grove, Oregon. ler, C. I. S.). Geographic range: Oregon and northern Califor- nia, New Mexico. 11. Nemoura (Prostoia) besametsa Ricker California records: (Figs. 8, c; 10, b) Contra Costa Co.: Strawberry Canyon Berke- ley, male, female, 111-18-47 (H. P. Chandler, H. Nemoura glabra Claassen, 1923, Can. Ent. 55:281 P. C.); Berkeley, male, 111-6-46 (D. J. Raski, (in part: western specimens). c. I. S.). Nemoura glabra Needham and Claassen (in part), Marin Co.: Mill Valley, male, 'IV-26-47 (H. P. 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 202. Chandler, H. P. C.); Phoenix L., male, V-30-27 Nemowa completa Ricker, 1943, Stoneflies SW (H. H. Keifer, C. A. S.). B.C., p. 68; male, female, and nymph. Mariposa Co.: 7 mi. ENE Fish Camp, 6 males, Nemoura species A Ricker, 1943, ibid., p. 72; VII-11-46 (H. P. Chandler, H.P.C. and S.G.J.). female genitalia and wing, p. 71, figs. 41 and Plumas Co.: Almanor hatchery, male, X-1-15- 43. 48 (S. G. J.). Nemoura besmetsa Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies San Mateo Co.: Moss Beach, male, female, Plecop., p. 48; male genitalia, p. 44, fig. 20; 111-21-48 (W. W. Wirth, C. I. S.). male and female. Shasta Co. Burney Falls, male, VII-13-47 Type locality: Vedder Crossing, British Columbia. (R. L. Usinger, C.I.S.). Geographic range: Southern British Columbia to Sonoma Co.: Trinity, male, XII-20-37 (N. W. California and Colorado. Frazier, C. I. S.). California records: E1 Dorado Co. (?): Lake Tahoe, male and fe- 9. Nemoura (Ualenka) marionae Hitchcock male, VI-23-25 (E. H. Nast, C. A. S.). (Fig. 41, f-i) Madera Co.: Chilkoot L., 2 females, VII-23-46 (H. P. Chandler, C. I. S.1. Nemoura marionae Hitchcock, 1958, Pan-Pac. Mariposa Co.: Fish Camp, 4 females, VII-11-46 Ent., 34(2):78-80; male and female. (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.); Yosemite Cr., 7,200 ft. Type locality: Spring flowing into Sagehen Creek, 2 males, VI-21-50 (Wm. E. Ricker, W. E. R.); Mer- near Hobart Mills, Nevada County, California. ced R., Yosemite National Park, 45 females, VI- Geographic range: California. 22-50 (Wm. E. Ricker, W. E. R.). California record: Plumas Co.: Bucks Lake, 9 males, 3 females, Nevada Co.: Spring flowing into Sagehen Cr., VI-29-50 (H. P. Chandler, H.P.C.); Small Creek near Hobart Mills, holotype male, VIII-9-55 (S. W. 6 mi. W. of Portola, 2 females, VI-10-52 (Wm. E. Hitchcock, C. A. S.): same data except VII-26-55, Ricker, W. E. R.). allotype female (C. A. S.); paratypes, same data Tuolumne Co.: May Lake, 9,000 ft., Yosemite as for female (W. E. R., S. G. J., S. H.) National Park, 5 males, 1 female, VII-9-46 (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.). 10. Nemoura (Podmosta) delicatula Claassen Trinity Co.: Mouth Indian Cr., trib. Trinity R., (Fig. 9, b) nr. Douglas City, 2 males, female, 111-2-55 (S.G. Jewett, Jr.,C. A. S.). Nernoura delicatula Claassen, 1923, Can. Ent., 55:285; male and female. Nemoura delicatula Needham and Claassen, 1925, 12. Nemoura (Soyedina) nevadensis Monog. Plecop., p. 204; male and female gen- nevadensi s C1aassen italia, pl. 34, figs. 14-17. (Fig. 7, d) THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 137

N emoura nevadensis Claassen, 1923, Can. Ent., Geographic range: Coast and Cascade mountains 55:286; male and female. from southern British Columbia to California. Nemoura nevadensis Needham an d Claassen, California records: 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 216; male and fe- Marin Co.: Woodacre, 3 males, 111-26-55 (S.H.); male genitalia pl. 38, figs. 8-11. same except IV-2-55, female (Stephen W. Hitch- Nemoura nevadensis nevadensis Ricker, 1952, cock, S. H.h Fairfax, 4 males, 111-26-55 (Stephen Syst. Studies Plecop., p. 52; placed in new W. Hitchcock, S. H.); same except V-1-55, male, subgenus Soyedina. female (S. H.); Mill Valley, male, 2 females, III- Type locality: Reno, Nevada. 6-55 (Stephen W. Hitchcock, S. H.); near Alpine Geographic range: California and western Ne- L., 2 males, female, V-1-55 (Stephen W. Hitch- vada. cock, S. H.h Lily Lake, 2 males, female, II1-16- California records:. 56 (J. Powell, S. H.). Alpine or Tuolumne Co.: Near Sonora Pass, Monterey Co.: Redwood Sprgs., Los Padres 8,500 ft., male, VII-4-48 (H. K. Townes, W.E.R.). Nat’l. Forest, IV-10-55 (Stephen W. Hitchcock, Fresno Co.: Huntington L., 7,000 ft., female, S. G. J.). VII-6-? (C. I. S.). Inyo Co.: Lone Pine, female, V-26-37(E. C. 14. N emoura (Visoka) cataractae Neave Van Dyke, C. A. S.). 8, b) Marin Co.: Mt. Tamalpais, male (H. P. Chand- (Fig. ler, H. P. C.). Mariposa Co.: Fish Camp, 5,000 ft., male and Nemoura cataractae Neave, 1933, Can. Ent., 65: female, VII-11-46 (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.). 238; male. Nevada Co.: Tmckee, male, VI-17-27 (E. P. Nemowa ccrtorcrctae Ricker, 1943, Stoneflies SW Van Duzee, C. A. S.). B.C.; female and nymph. Plumas Co.: Tribs. of Smith Cr., ca. 6,500 ft., N emoura cataractae Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies Plecop., p. 54; placed in new subgenus Blairsden, female, VI-11-52 (Wm. E. Ricker, (W. E.R.). Visoka. Shasta Co.: Burney Falls, 2 males, 1 female Type locality: Lake O’Hara, British Columbia. (all brachypterous), VI-29-47 (H. P. Chandler, Geographic range: Southern British Columbia to S.G. J.). Montana and California. Discussion: California records: The northern subspecies, N. n. intemrpta, Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley, female, V- which ranges from Oregon to British Columbia, 24-21 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A.S.). has not been taken in California although it oc- Siskiyou Co.: Little Castle Cr., 3 females, curs in southern Oregon along the coast (Pistol 111-2-55 (S. G. Jewett, Jr., U. S. N. M.). River, Curry County). It can be distinguished in the male by the notches in the mesal margin of 15. Nemoura (Zapada) cinctipes Banks the subanal lobes whereas the margin is regu- larly tapered in nevadensis. (Fig. 7, f) 13. Nemoura (Soyedina) producta Claassen Nemoura cinctipes Banks, 1897, Trans. Amer. (Fig. 9, e) Ent. SOC., 24:21. Nemoura cinctipes Needham and Claassen, 1925, Nemoura producta Claassen, 1923, Can. Ent., 55: Monog. Plecop., p. 212; wings, pl. 32, fig. 2; 286; male. male and female genitalia, pl. 37, figs. 5-8. Nemoura producta Needham and Claassen, 1925, Nemoura cinctipes Castle, 1939, Can. Ent., 71: Monog. Plecop., p. 211; male and female. 208-209, fig. 1; nymph. Nemoura tuberculata Frison, 1937, Bull. 111. Nat. Nemoura cinctipes Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies Hist. Surv.,21:84; male and female. Plecop., p. 57; placed in new subgenus N emoura prodtlcta Ricker, 1943, Stoneflies SW Zapada. B.C., pp. 65-67; female and nymph. Type locality: Olympia, Washington. Nemowa producta Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies Geographic range: Alaska, British Columbia, and Plecop., p. 52; placed in new subgenus Soy- Alberta south to Utah and California. edina. California records : Nemoura producta Hitchcock, 1958, Pan-Pac. Ent. Contra Costa Co.: Hills back of Oakland, 34( 2): 80. female, IV-16-11 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.). Type locality: Holotype male, allotype female Nevada Co. (?): Truckee R., female, VI-29-25 without any label. (E. H. Nast, C. A. S.). 138 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Plumas Co.: Bucks L., 2 males, 22 females, Del Norte Co.: Patrick Cr., trib. Smith R., IV-29-50 (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.). male, 2 females, VI-28-53 (S. G. Jewett, Jr., Riverside Co.: Tahquitz Valley, San Jacinto S. G. J.). Mts., male, VI-3-40 (F. H. Rindge, H.P.C.). Mariposa Co.: May L., 9,000 ft., Yosemite Siskiyou Co.: Etna Cr., trib. Scott R., 111-1-55, National Park, 2 males, 1 female, VII-9-46 (H. P. 2 males, 3 females (S. G. Jewett, Jr., C. A. S.); Chandler, H. P. C.). trib. Shasta R. near Gazelle, 111-2-55, male, fe- Mono Co.: Tioga Pass Road, 1 mi. E. of sum- male (S. G. Jewett, Jr., C. A. S.); Shasta R. near mit, ca. 8,500 ft., female, VI-21-50 (W. E. Ricker, Gazelle,III-2-55,2 males, 2 females (S. G. Jewett, W. E. R.). Jr., C. A. S.); Little Castle Cr., 111-2-55, 4 males, Plumas Co.: Tribs. of Smith Cr., ca. 6,500 ft., 3 females (S. G. Jewett, Jr., C. A. S.). Blairsden, 3 males, 8 females, VI-11-52 (Wm. E. Sonoma Co.: Mill Cr., 3 mi. S. of Healdsburg, Ricker, W. E. R.). 2 females, IV-15-50 (C. I. S.). Shasta Co.: Castle Cr., 3 males, 6 females, Trinity Co.: Stuart Fork of Trinity R., near VI-25-43 (S. G. Jewett, Jc., S.G. J.). mouth, 111-2-55, 3 males (S. G. Jewett, Jr.,S .G .J.). SonomaCo.: Austin Cr., 3 mi. S. of Cazadero, female, VI-15-50 (Hugh B. Leech, C.A. S.). 16. Nemowa (Zapada) columbiana Claassen (Fig. 7, a) 18. N emoura (Zapada) haysi Ricker Nemoura columbiana Claassen, 1923, Can. Ent., (Fig. 8, a) 55:286; male. Nemoura columbiana Needham an d Claassen, Nemoura (Zapada) haysi Ricker, 1952, Syst. Stud- 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 203; genitalia of ies Plecop., pp. 58-60; male and female gen- male, pl. 34, figs. 11-13. italia, figs. 32-35. N emoura colum biana Neave, 1933, C an. Ent., Type locality: Upper Gallatin R., 5 mi. E. of 65:238; female, p. 236, fig. 5. Highway No. 191, Yellowstone National Park, Nemoura columbiana Ricker, 1943, Stoneflies SW Wyoming. B.C., p. 61, fig. 24; nymph. Geographic range: Alaska south to Colorado and Nemoura columbiana Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies California. Plecop., p. 57; placed in new subgenus California record: Zapada. Mono Co. (?): Near Sonora Pass, 8,500 ft., Type locality: Laggan (Lake Louise), Alberta. male, VII-7-48 (H. K. Townes, W. E. R.). Geographic range: Alaska and Alberta south to Discussion: Utah and California. This species is very difficult to distinguish California records: from N. oregonensis. Generally, oregonensis has Sierra Co.: Bassetts, 6,000 ft., nymph, IX-20- shorter, more tapered gills with a sharp constric- 46 (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.). tion at their base, but the gills alone cannot be Tuolumne Co.: Gaylor Lakes, 10,000 ft., Yo- relied on for separating the two species. The semite National Park, female, VII-8-46 (H. P. male subanal lobes of haysi have a sharper angle Chandler, H. P. C.). mesally, and the female subgenital plate is more narrowly rounded and usually lighter in color than oregonensis. Haysi seems to be a widely dis- 17. Nemoura (Zapada) frigida Claassen tributed, though scarce, species. (Fig. 7, c) Nemoura frigida Claassen, 1923, Can. Ent., 55: 19. N emoura (Zapada) orggonensis Claassen 285; male. (Fig. 7, e) Nemoura frigida Needham an d Claassen, 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 202; male genitalia, pl. Nemowa otegonensis Claassen, 1923, Can.Ent., 34, figs. 5-7. 55:288; male. Nemoura frigida Ricker, 1943, Stoneflies SW B.C., Nemoura oregonensis Needham an d Claassen, pp. 59-60; female and nymph, figs. 23 and 25. 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 213; male genitalia, Nemoura frigida Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies Ple- pl. 37, figs. 9-11. cop., p. 57; placed in new subgenus Zapada. Nemouza oregonensis Frison, 1937, Bull. Ill. Nat. Type locality: Sitka, Alaska. Hist. Surv., 21:83-84; female, fig. 70. Geographic range: Alaska to California and Col- Nemoura otegonensis Ricker (in part), 1943,Stone- orado. flies SW B.C., p. 62; fig. 31, p. 67, nymph. California records: Nemoura oregonensis Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 139

Plecop., pp. 60-61; placed in new subgenus Z apacta. Type locality: Harney County, Oregon. Geographic range: Yukon south to Colorado and California. California records: Mariposa Co.: May L., Yosemite National Park, female, VII-9-46 (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.). Modoc Co.: Eagleville, 2 males, 2 females, VI-1-46 (W. F. Barr, H.P. C.). Mono Co.: Tributary of Silver L., female, VI- 20-50 (Wm. E. Ricker, W. E. R.). Plumas Co.: Tribs. of Smith Cr., ca. 6,500 ft., Blairsden, male, VI-11-52 (Wm. E. Ricker, W. E.R.); Meadow Yalley, 3,000 - 4,000 ft,, female, VI-11-24 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.). Shasta Co.: Kings Cr. Meadow, female, VII- 2-47 (R. L. Usinger, C. I.S.). Tulare Co.: Potwisha, Sequoia National Park, female, VI-13-29 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.); Wol- verton, 7,000-9,OOO ft., Sequoia National Park, female, VI-23-29 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.); Cabin Cr., Sequoia National Park, female, VII-5- 47 (W. W. Wirth, C. I. S.). Fig. 12. Perkmyis dM8. 6, Iuml vier of derennin&.; Tuolumne Co.: Gaylor Lakes, 10,000 ft.,Yo- b, ventral vier of fcmde terntrdia (Frisorr. 19%). Semite National Park, male, 3 females, VU-8-46 nal segments divided laterally by a fold; (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.). hindfemora of nymph normal; ventral lobe present on the male 9th sternite; abdomen Subfamily LEUCTRINAE of female normally sclerotized on the sides and below 2 In addition to the two genera of this subfamily ...... which are known to occur in California, Leuctra 2(1). Body of nymph moderately hairy; abdominal tergites of nymph with a band unusu- and Perlomyia, the genus Megdeuctra may pos- of sibly be represented. Species of this genus re- ally long hairs on either side, about a semble Nemoura in general appearance but are third of the way from the anterior margin larger. Males of Megdeuctta have complicated (occidentdis); cerci of m a1 e heavily genitalia with a very long supra-anal process; sclerotized with t e r m in a1 and lateral females have a peculiar long, drawn-out subgen- pointed projections; body color usually ita1 plate. Specimens of the genus are rare in black; subgenital plate of female with collections. lateral projections and a median notch ...... (Subgenus Putaleuctra) 4 Key to the California Subgenera and Body of nymph very hairy (infuscata); cerci Species of Leuctra 2 of male large, membranous or weakly (Figs. 13-14, 41) sclerotized, without sharp angles, sub- genital plate of female with a median 1. Body of nymph nearly naked (legs moder- projection below and anterior to the 2 ately hairy); segments of first 5 abdomi- lateral projections (infuscutu) ...... 3 nal segments divided laterally by a fold; 3(2). A whitish stripe along the costal space of femora of nymphal hind leg very large; no the fore wing; 10th tergite of male entire ventral lobe on the 9th sternite of male; ...... (Subgenus Moseliu) infuscata abdomen of female not sclerotized dor- No whitish stripe along the costal space of sally and only in very small patches on the fore wing; 10th tergite of male com- sides ...(Subgenus Despaxia) augusta pletely bisected ...... Wvisu Body of described nymphs at least moder- 4(2). Titillator of the male with a large meinbra- ately hairy; segments of first 6 abdomi- nousbulb at the tip; the longer prong of the bifurcate cercus hooked; female sub- * Female and nymph of L. &visa Hitchcock genital plate extending little beyond the undescribed. 8th sternite ...... occidentdis 140 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Titillator of male without bulbous tip; fe- 20. Leuctra (Despuxia) augusta Banks male subgenital plate extending about (Fig. 13, b) its own length beyond the 8th sternite ...... 5 Leuctra augusta Banks, 1907, Can. Ent., 39:330; female. Leuctra glabra Claassen, 1923, Can. Ent., 55:261; mal e. Leuctra atcgusta Needham and Claassen, 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 224; female genitalia, pl. 42, fig. 1. Leuctra dobra Needham and Claassen, 1925, ibid., 6. 228; male genitalia, pl. 41, figs. 9-11: Leuctra glabra Neave, 1929, Contr. Can. Biol. Fish., 4: 162; female. Leuctra glubra Ricker, 1943, Stoneflies SW B.C., pp. 79-80, figs. 46-49; male, female, and nymph and placed in new subgenus Despda. Leuctra (Despaxia) augusta Ricker, 1954, Proc. Ent. SOC. B.C., 51:37-38; above synonymy in- dicated. Type locality: Port Renfrew, British Columbia. Geographic range: Alaska and Alberta to Cali- fornia. California record: Marin Co.: The holotype of L. glabra was taken at Tamalpais, Nov. 15,1899, by L. 0. Haw- ard. Discussion: This species is common during autumn from British Columbia to Oregon and undoubtedly will be found in abundance along small streams in California when sought during the proper season.

21. Leuctra (Moseizia) inftcscata Claassen (Figs. 13, a; 14, c) Fie. 13. Terminalin of Lcuctra. a. inhacata dorsal view of male:

Monog. 'Plecop., pp. 230-231; male and-female genitalia, pl. 43, figs. 3-5. L euctra infuscata Ricker, 1943, Stoneflies SW B.C., p. 81; nymph, p. 79, fig. 50; placed in new subgenus Woselia. Type locality: Seattle, Washington. Geographic range: British Columbia to California. California records: Madera Co.: Nelder Grove, female, VII-4-46 (H.P.C.). Fig. 14. Female terminalin of Leuclm, in vend new. a, aarq b, ocd Mariposa Co.: Mariposa Grove, 9,000 ft., male, dentalia; c, infuacata (Needham adClwsen. 1925). VII-7-46 (H. P. Chandler, C. I. S.). 5(4). Upper prong of the male cercus longer than Plumas Co.: Meadow Valley, 4,000-5,000 ft., the lower and with a small tooth on the male, 9 females, VI-9-24 (E.C.Van Dyke, C.A.S.); inner margin ...... Sara Tribs. of Smith Cr., ca. 6,500 ft., Blairsden, 10 Two prongs of the male cercus widely males, 9 females, VI-11-52 (Wm. E. Ricker, spaced and of about equal length, with- W. E. R.). out teeth ...... forcipata Shasta Co.: King Cr. Meadow, female, VII-2- THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 14 1

47 (R. L. Usinger, C.I. S.); Summit L., female, 24. Leuctta (PaTaleuctTa) forcipata Frison VI-11-47 (T. F. Leigh, C. I. S.); Hat L., male, (Fig. 13, c> VII-11-47 (T. F. Leigh, C. I. S.). Leuctra forcipata Frison, 1937, Bull. 111. Nat. Hist. Surv., vol. 23, Art 3, p. 85; male and 22. Leuctra diwisa Hitchcock female genitalia, fig. 72. (Fig. 41, d- e) Type locality: Corvallis, Oregon. Geographic range: Oregon and California. Leuctra &&sa Hitchcock, 1958, Pan-Pac. Ent. California record: 34(2):77-78; male. Del Norte Co.: Patrick Cr., trib. Smith R., Type locality: Woodacre,Marin County,California. male, IV-9-52 (S. G. Jewett, Jr., S. G. J.). Geographic range: California. Discussion : California record: There is some question whether or not L. for- The holotype male was taken April 14,1956, cipata is actually a distinct species or merely a by Stephen W. Hitchcock and is deposited in the variant of L. sara. Male specimens of sura from California Academy of Sciences. various western localities show considerable var- iation in the shape of the claspers, but since complete gradation in the shape of the claspers 23. L euctra (Paraleuctra) occidentalis Banks between sara and forapata has not been demon- (Figs. 13, f; 14, 6) strated, two species are considered to be in- volved. Leuctra occidentalis Banks, 1907, Can. Ent., 39:329-330 (not Needham and Claassen, 1925). Leuctra brdeyi Claassen, 1923, Can. Ent., 55: 25. Leuctra (Pardeuctra) sara Claassen 257; male. (Figs. 13, e; 14, a) Leuctra brad2eyi Needham and Claassen, 1925, Monog. Plecop., pp. 225-226; wing, pl. 32, Leuctra occidentdis Needham an d Claassen, fig. 1; male genitalia, pl. 41, figs. 12-15. 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 231; male genitalia, L euctra (Paraleuctra) bradleyi R i c k e r, 1943, pl. 41, figs. 6-8; female genitalia, pl. 42, fig. Stoneflies SW B.C., p. 76, female and nymph; 12. nymph, p. 79, fig. 44; placed in Paraleuctra. Leuctra sata Claassen, 1937, Jour. Kans. Ent. L euctra (Paraleuctra) augusta Ricker, 1952, Syst. Soc., 10 (2); 44; male and female genitalia, Studies Plecop., p. 172 fig. 11. L ewtra (Pardeuctra) occidentdis Ricker, 1954, Paraleuctra sura Hanson, 1941, Bull. Brooklyn Proc. Ent. Soc. B.C., 51:38; above synonymy Ent. Soc., 36:64; nymph, figs. 12-14. indicated. Leuctra (Puraleuctm) sata Ricker, 1954, Proc. Ent. SOC. B.C., 51:38; above synonymy indi- Type locality: Laggan, Alberta. cated. Geographic range: southern British Columbia to Type Preserve, near Utah and California. locality: Ringwood Lloyd Ithaca, New California records: York. Geographic range: New York and Massachusetts; Marin Mill Valley, males, 2 females, Co.: 4 southern British Columbia to Colorado and 11-21-26 (E. P. Van Duzee, C. A. S.); Lagunitas, female, 111-29-08 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.). California. Plumas Co.: Bucks L., mature male nymph, California records: IV-29-50 (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.). Colusa, Del Norte, Marin, Mariposa, Plumas, Siskiyou Co.: Mouth Butler Cr., trib. Salmon Riverside, San MateO, Sonoma, and Tuolumne R., 111-1-55, 2 females (S. G. Jewett, Jr., C.A.S.); counties. April- July. Etna Cr., trib Scott R., 3 males, 5 females, 111- 1-55 (S. G. Jewett, Jr., S. G. J.); trib. Shasta R. nr. Gazelle, 2 males, female, 111-2-55 (S. G. Jew- 26. Perlomyia collai$s Banks ett, Jr., C. A. s.); Little Castle Cr., 29 males, 46 (Fig. 12) females, 111-2-55 (S. G. Jewett, Jr., C. A.S.). Trinity Co.: Trinity R. ca. 7 mi. S. of Trin- Perlomyia collaris Banks, 1906, Can. Ent., 38:338; ity Center, 2 males, 2 females, 111-2-55 (S. G. female. Jewett, Jr., C.A.S.); Stuart Fork of Trinity R. Perlornyia collaris Needham and Claassen, 1925, nr. mouth, 5 males, 6 females, 111-2-55 (S. G. Jew- Monog. Plecop., p. 235; female genitalia, pl. ett, Jr., U. s. N.M.). 43, fig. 6. 142 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Perlomyia solitaria Frison, 1936, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 29:261; male genitalia, pl. XI, figs. 24-27. Perlomyia sobrinu Frison, 1936, ibid., 29:262; fe- male genitalia, pl. XI, fig. 28. Perlomyia collatis Ricker, 1943, Stoneflies SW B.C., pp. 82-83; synonymy. Perlomyia collaris Jewett, 1954, J. Fish Res. Rd. Canada, 11 (5):545, nymph. Type locality: Wellington, British Columbia. Geographic range: southern British Columbia to Fig. 15. Ewopopda brevioarda. a, vend view of female tedndia; California. b, Iurd vier of mde remindia (Frison, 1937). California records: Key to the Males of California Marin Co.: Cascade Cr., Mill Valley, male Species of Capnia 3 and female, IV-9-52 (Robt. E. Leech, C. A. S.). (Figs. 16-17, 41) Santa Clara Co.: Stephens Cr., female, 7-1-27 (E. H. Nast, C. A.S.). Ninth sternite of male with a ventral ap- Shasta Co.: Clear Cr., 3 mi. S. French Gulch, pendage; wings spotted. ...madata 2 females, 111-2-55 (S. G. Jewett, Jr., C. A. S.). Ninth sternite of male without a ventral Sonoma Co.: Mill Cr., 3 mi. S. of Healdsburg, appendage; wings not spotted but may female, IV-15-50 (Robt. E. Leech, C.A.S.); Glen be banded...... 2 Ellen, female, IV-29-50 (Hugh B. Leech, C.A.S.). Supra-anal process slender, completely Stanislaus Co.: Adobe Cr., female, 111-17-48 divided into a dorsal and ventral part (P. D. Hurd, C. I. S.)...... 3 Supra-anal process not both slender and Discussion: divided ...... 4 A pair of spinous processes on tergites Perlomyia utahensis Needham and Claassen 8 and 9...... spinulosa occurs in Oregon to the north and Utah to the No spinous processes on tergites 8 and east, but has not been taken to date in California. 9...... columbiana It is distinguished in the male by having a supra- Supra-anal process rather broad and di- anal process with a slender pointed tip instead vided into a longer ventral process and of the process ending in a broad blunt tip, and by a shorter dorsal process ....barbed having the dorsal process of the cercus pointed Supra-anal p roc e s s not divided, often instead of truncate, and in the female by possess- slender...... 5 ing long, dense hairs on the 7th sternite instead. Supra-anal process much expanded at the of being hairless or with hairs no longer than on middle, about half as wide as long. . 6 the rest of the sternite. Both species occur in Supra-anal process slender and tapered, medium-sized streams. or if expanded, the greatest width less than half of the total length...... 9 Ninth tergite with raised knobs on either Subfamily CAPNIINAE side of the mid-line ...... 7 Ninth tergite without knobs ...... 8 California is very rich in species in this sub- Seventh tergite with a median tubercle family. Since most of the species emerge during overhanging the 8th ...... teresa the winter season when few other insects are on Seventh tergite without a tubercle ..... the wing, they are not taken commonly by ento- ...... califomica mologists unless specifically sought. Actually, Eighth tergite with a median elevation many species of the genus Capnia are extremely which is notched at the tip in side view; abundant in January and February on concrete no knob on the 7th tergite; supra-anal bridges over s t ream s, and frequently several process lacking long bristles ...... species can be secured at one location. There ...... excavata are probably a number of undiscovered species Eighth tergite largely membranous; 7th of this subfamily in California. The nymphs of tergite with a knob; supra-anal process very few are known, and our knowledge of the females is too limited to construct a key for their determination. Male of C. bakeri (Banks) unknown. THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 143

e

Pig. 16, Male terminalin of Capnia, in lateral vier. 4 columbiana; b, batbsri; c, tersaa; d, cdifomicw a, ezcmata; f, glaato; g, sbngata; h, spindoso; i, &mi& (a-g, i, Needham and Clanssen, 1925; h, Clanssen, 1937 a). fringed dorsally with long forward-point- continuous with the ventral margin of ing bristles ...... tumida the process; the process about 1/6 as 9(5). A conspicuous hump or process present wide as long ...... ptojecta on the 7th tergite; supra-anal process Spine at the tip of the supra-anal process reaching to the 7th tergite . . e2ongata median in position; the process about No hump on the 7th tergite...... 10 1/10 as wide as long ...... porrecta lO(9). A hump or process on 8th tergite ... 11 No hump on the 8th tergite ...... 14 ll(10). With a rather low hump or process . . 12 27. Capnia bakeri (Banks) With a high, scabrous hump ...... 13 12(11). In dorsal view supra-anal process slender Arsapnia bokeri Banks, 1918, Bull. Mus. Comp. throughout its length .....gracilaria Zool., Harvard 62, No. 1, p. 9; female. In dorsal view supra-anal process ex- Capnia bakeri Needham and Claassen, 1925, panded to twice its width near the base Monog. Plecop., p. 268; female genitalia, pl...... promota 49, fig. 11. 13(11). No pair of humps also present on 9th ter- Type locality: Mountains near Claremont, Cali- fornia. gite ...... UmPqUa A pair of humps also on the 9th tergite California record: ...... quadtituberosa The female type from near Claremont is the only known specimen. 14( 10). Supra-anal process blunt or merely pointed at the tip...... 15 28. Capia bmberi Claassen Supra-anal process with a definite, acute (Fig. 16, b) spine at the tip, marked off from the process in dorsal and side view ... 16 Capnia barberi Claassen, 1924, Can. Ent., 56:55; 15(14). Ninth tergite with longitudinal, raised male. tubercles on either side of a median Capnia barbet+ Needham and Claassen, 1925, membranous area...... glabra Monog. Plecop., p. 267; male genitalia, pl. Ninth tergite without longitudinal, raised 49, fig. 10. tubercles ...... line &a Type__ locality: Feather River Canvon. near Cari- 16(. 14). ~, Spine at the tip of the supra-anal process bou, Plumas Co., California (Sunnyside Mine 144 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNLA INSECT SURVEY

a C

Fig. 17. Hale terminalia of Capnia, in lateral view. a, gmciloria; b, ump~w;a, linsotq d, ponscta; e# projaatq' f, potnoto (a, Needham and Clnassen, 1925; b, Frison. 1942% a, Haason, 1943; d, Jewert, 1954 q a, f, Frison, 1937). to near Belden). Capnia coltunbima Needham and Claassen, 1925, Geographic range: California. Monog. Plecop., p. 265, male and female; male C a1 ifo r nia record: and female genitalia, p. 389, figs. 6-7. Nevada Co.: Saghen Cr., 2 males, I!-14-52 CaHa columbima Jewett, 1955, Wasmann Jour. (Eli Dietsch, C.I.S. and S.G.J.). Biol., 13 (1):146-147, male and female geni- talia, p. 153, figs. 2 and 2a. Capnia columbiana Hitchcock, 1958, Pan-Pac. 29. Capnia californica Claassen Ent., 34 (2):80. (Fig. 16, d) Type locality: Terrace, British Columbia. Geographic range: southern British Columbia to Capnia cdifomica Claassen, 1924, Can. Ent., 56: Montana, Utah, and Oregon. 57; male. California record: Cavia caiifornica Needham and Claassen, 1925, Nevada Co.: Saghen Cr., ca.6,800 ft., male, Monog. Plecop., pp. 262-263; male genitalia, 2 females, 111-12-52 (E. M. Brock, S.H.); same pl. 48, fig. 11. place, 11-14-52,female (S. H.). Capnia cdifonrica Jewett, 1954, Pan-Pac. Ent., 30 (3):175; female. Type locality: Cazadero, California. 31. Capnia elongata Claassen Geographic range: Santa Clara and Sonoma coun- (Fig. 16, g) ties, California. California record: Capnia elongata Claassen, 1924, Can. Ent., 56: Santa Clara Co.: Small creek near Saratoga, 56; male. 7 males, 7 females, 11-25-40 (S. G. Jewett, Jr., Capnia elongata Needham and Claassen, 1925, S. G. J.). Monctg. Plecop., p. 260; male genitalia, pl. fig. 48,~ .- 7. Type locality: Near Caribou, Plumas County, 30. Capnia columbiana Claassen California. (Fig. 16, a) Geographic range: British Columbia to California. Capnia columbiana Claassen, 1924, Can. Ent. California records: 56:47, male and female. Siskiyou Co.: Salmon R. at Crapo Cr., III-1- THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 145

55, 2 males (S. G. Jewett, Jr., C. A. S.). Capnia grcacilwia Claassen, 1924, Can. En&,%: Trinity Co.: Trinity R. ca. 7 mi. S. of Trinity 57, desc. of male. Center, 125 males, 33 females, 111-2-55 (C. A. S.h Capnia grocilaria Needham and Claassen, 1925, Stuart Fork of Trinity R., nr. mouth, 3 males, 5 Monog. Plecop., p. 258, male; male genitalia, females, IU-2-55 (S. G. Jewett, Jr., U. S.N.M.). p. 387, fig. 5. Capnia gracilaria Ricker, 1943, Stoneflies SW B.C., pp. 99-100, female and nymph; female 32. Capnia excavata Claassen genitalia, p. 101, fig. 82. -_ (Fig. 16, e) Type locality: Aweme, Manitoba. Geographic range: British Columbia and Manitoba Capnia excavata Claassen, 1924, Can. Ent., 56: south to Montana and California. 47; male. California records: Capnda excavata Needham and Claassen, 1925, Siskiyou Co.: Etna Cr., trib. Scott R., III-1-55, pp. 260-261; male genitalia, pl. 48, fig. 8. 60 males, 39 females (S. G. Jewett, Jr., C.A. S.); Capnia excavata Frison, 1937, Bull. Ill. Nat. Scott R. nr. Etna, 111-1-55, 24 males, 29 females Hist. Surv., 21:87; female genitalia, fig. 75. (S. G. Jewett, Jr., C. A. S.1. Type Iscality: Feather River Canyon near Cari- bou, Plumas County, California. Geographic range: British Columbia to California. 36. Capnia mdata Jewett California record (Fig. 40, c) Siskiyou Co.: Little Castle Cr., male, 5. fe- males, III-2-55 (S. G. Jewett, Jr., u. S.N. M.). Capnia maculata Jewett, 1954, Pan-Pac. Ent., 30 (3):174; male and female. 33. Capnia glabra Claassen Type locality: Marsh Creek, Contra Costa County, California. (Fig. 16, f, Geographic range: San Francisco Bay area of Capnia glabra Cfaassen, 1924, Can. Ent., 56355; California. male. California records: Capnia glabra Needham and Claassen, 1925, The holotype male from Marsh Creek was taken Monog. Plecop., p. 258; male genitalia, pl. 111-6-50 by L. W. Quate. 40, fig. 4. Alameda Co.: Livermore, female, 111-31-29 Type locality: Sunnyside Mine, Plumas County, (E. C. Van Dyke, S.G. J.). California. Santa Clara Co.: Colorado Creek and Mines Geographic range: Oregon and California. Road, female, allotype, IV-6-49 (Ray F. Smith, California record: C. A. S.). The holotype male was taketl by H. S. Barber, December 25-26,1922. Many male paratypes were 37. Capnia porrecta Jewett taken between December 25 and January 24. (Fig.17, d) 34. Capnia lineata Hanson Capnia powecta Jewett, 1954, Jour. Fish. Res. (Fig. 17, c) Bd. Can., 11 (5):546-547. Type locality: SanUam River near Jefferson, Linn Capnia lineata Hanson, 1943, Proc. Ent. Soc. County, Oregon. Wash.,45 (4):85-86, male and female genitalia, Geographic range: western Oregon and California. p. 87, figs. 2-3. California records: Capnia Zineata Hitchcock, 1958, Pan-Pac. Ent., Fresno Co.: Dry Cr., 7 mi. NE Academy, 800 34 (2):80; Calif. record. ft., male (D. L. Abell, D.L. A.). Type locality: Troy, Idaho. Madera Co.: Coarse Gold Cr., 1,200 ft., II-23- Geographic range: Idaho and California. 53, male (D. L. Abell, D.L.A.). California record: Santa Clara Go.: Arroyo Mocho, 20 mi. S. Liv- ermore, 11 males, female (J. Herring, S.H. and 38. Capnia projecta Frison S. G. J.). (Fig. 17, e) Capnia projecta Frison, 1937, Bull. Ill. Nat. Hist. 35. Capnia gracilwia Claassen Surv., 21:87-88, fig. 76; male and female. (Fig. 17, a) Capnia projecta Ricker, 1943, Stoneflies SW B.C., 146 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

p. 103; male genitalia, p. 101, figs. 76-78. Capnia teresa Claassen, 1924, Can. Ent., 56:54; Type locality: Corvallis, Oregon. male. Geographic range: British Columbia to California. Capnia teresa Needham and Claassen, 1925, California records: Monog. Plecop., p. 262; male genitalia, pl. Alameda Co.: Niles Canyon, male, 111-30-49 48, fig. 10. (Ray F. Smith, C.I. S.). Type locality: Evey Canyon, Claremont, Califor- Contra Costa Co.: Berkeley, many females nia. (C.I. S.). Geographic range: California. Los Angeles Co.: Elizabeth Lake Canyon, 1 California record: male, 1 female, 6 nymphs, IV-12-52 (B. Covey, Mariposa Co.: Merced R., Yosemite National B. Tinglof, E. A. Harris, U.C.L.A.); Elizabeth Park, male (dried abdomen only), VI-22-50 (Wm. Lake Canyon, 1 male, 6 females, IV-29-52 E. Ricker, W. E. R.). (U.C.L. A.). Mariposa Co.: Merced R., Yosemite National Park, 4 males (dried), VI-22-50 (Wm. E. Ricker, 42. Capnia tumida Claassen (W. E. R.). (Fig. 16, i) Discussion : Considerable variation is exhibited in mate- Capnia Eumida Claassen, 1924, Can. Ent., 56:47- rial presently assigned to t h i s specific name 48; male. from various locations along the Pacific coast. Capnia twnida Needham and Claassen, 1925, Typical material is found in British Columbia and Monog. Plecop., pp. 261-262; male genitalia, Oregon during late autumn and winter and occa- pl. 48, fig. 9. sionally in early spring. Specimens taken at Capnia turnida Frison, 1942, Pan-Pac. Ent., 18: some localities in Oregon during March and April 65; male and female genitalia, p. 67, fig. loa-c. have less pigmented wings and may represent an Type locality: Sunnyside Mine near Seneca, undescribed species; on hand is one small series Plumas County, California. of such specimens from Tehama County, Califor- Geographic range: British Columbia to California. nia. California record: Siskiyou Co.: Etna Cr., trib. Scott R., 111-1-55, 8 males,7 females (S. G. Jewett, Jr., U.S.N.M.). 39. Capnia promota Frison (Fig. 17, f, 43. Capnia umpqua Frkon Capnia promota Frison, 1937, Bull. Ill. Nat. Hist. (Fig. 17, b) Surv., vol. 21, Art. 3, pp. 88-89, male and fe- male; p. 88, fig. 77, male and female genitalia. Capnia umpqua Frison, 1942, Pan-Pac.Ent., 18 Type locality: Corvallis, Oregon. (2):65; male and female; male and female gen- Geographic range: Oregon and California. italia, p. 62, fig. 9a-9c. California record: Type locality: Umpqua River, Douglas County, Contra Costa Co.: Berkeley, male, 1-27-38 (K. Oregon. D. Snyder, C. I.S.). Geographic range: Western Oregon to California. California record: Trinity Co.: Mouth Indian Cr., trib. Trinity 40. Capnia spinulosa Claassen R., nr. Douglas City, male, 2 females, 111-2-55 (Fig. 16, h) (S. G. Jewett, Jr., U. S. N. M.). Capnia spinulosa Claassen, 1937, Can. Ent., 6980; male and female; male and female gen- 44. Capnia puodrituberosa Hitchcock italia, pl. 3, figs. 1 and 2. (Fig. 41, b-c) Type locality: southern California. Geographic range: southern California. Capnia qwrdrituberosa Hitchcock, 1958, Pan-Pac. California record: Ent., 34(2):77; male and female. The single holo- and allotypes from southern Type locality: Small stream tributary to Feather California are the only known specimens. River crossing Route 40A north of Oroville, California. Geographic range: California. 41. Capnia teresa Claassen California record: (Fig. 16, e) Butte Co.: Type locality, holotype, allotype, THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 147 7 male, 1 female paratypes, 1-22-55 (Stephen W. Hitchcock, holo- and allotypes, C.A.S., paratypes, S.H. and S.G. J ).

45. Eucapnopsis brevicauda (Claassen) (Fig. 15) Cupnia brevicauda Claassen, 1924, Can. Ent., 5635; female. Cupnia brevicda Needham and Claassen, 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 269; wing, pl. 47, fig. 2; female genitalia, pl. 49, fig. 12. Eucapnopsis brevicauda Neave, 1934, Can. Ent., 66:6; male. Etlcapnopsis brevicmda Frison, 1937, Bull, 111, Nat. Hist. Surv., 21-86; male and female gen- italia, fig. 73. Eucapnopsis brevicauda Ricker, 1943, Stoneflies SW B.C., pp. 85-86;nymph. Fig. 18. Male terminalin of Isocapnia. a, abFmmkata, dorsal vier; Type locality: Boulder, Colorado. b, glondis, lnterd view; c, spmcsn thujae, lateral view (a, b, Frison, Geographic range: British Columbia to Colorado 1942a; c, Ricker, 1943). and California. Geographic range: Oregon and California. California records: California record: Plumas Co.: Bucks L., 2 males, IV-29-50 Santa CNZ Co.: Scranton, Waddell Cr., male (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.). paratype, IV-16-33 (F. H. Sumner, record from Siskiyou Co.: Little Castle Cr., 111-2-55,male, Frison, 1942). 2 females, (S. G. Jewett, Jr., C. A. S.). Discussion: Trinity Co.: Indian Cr. mouth, trib .Trinity This species differs from I. grmdis (Banks) R., nr. Douglas City, male, 111-2-55 (S. G. Jewett, in its much smaller size, and in the male by the Jr., U. S. N. M.). very short supra-anal process.

Key to the California Species of Isocapnia (Fig. 18) 47. Isocapnia grandis (Banks) (Fig. 18, b) 1. Wings tan, brachypterous in male, male supra-anal process shaped like a bird’s Arsapmia grandis Banks, Can. Ent., head spenceri thujae 1908, 37:329; ...... male. Wings hyaline or fumose; male supra-anal Caplria grandis Needham and Claassen, process slender 1925, ...... 2 Monog. Plecop., pp. 259-260; male genitalia, 2(1). Size large, fore wing at least 12 mm. in pl. fig. 6. length; male supra-anal process long and 48, Capnia fumigda Claassen, 1937, Can. Ent., weakly S-shaped ...... grmdis 69:79; male and female. Size small, fore wing less than 11 mm. in Isocapnia fumosa Banks, 1938, Psyche, 45 (1):74; length; male supra-anal process short, no female. longer than the length of the basal cercal Isocapniu grandis Hanson, 1943, Brooklyn Ent. segment ...... abbreviatu SOC., 38 (5):158-159; male and female gen- italia, p. 161, fig.3 - fig. 5. 46. Isocapnia abbreviata Frison Isocapia grandis Ricker, 1943, Stoneflies SW (Fig. 18, a) B.C., p. 89; nymph, figs. 56, 59, 60; male genitalia, figs. 57 and64; wing, fig. 61. Isocapnia abbreviata Frison, 1942, Pan-Pac. Ent., Type locality: Victoria, British Columbia. 18 (2):71-72;male genitalia, p. 67, fig. 17a, c. Geographic range: Alaska to California. Isocapnia ubbreviata Jewett, 1954, J. Fish Res. California record: Bd. Canada, 11 (5):548, female. Sacramento Co.: A m e ri c an R., Folsom, 3 Type locality: Oak Creek, Benton County, Oregon. males, 1 female, 111-2-52 (T. Haig, C. I. S.). 148 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

48. lsocapnia spenceri thujae Ricker .....(Subgenus Doddsia) occidentalis (Fig. 18, c) Ninth sternite without a keel; processes of the 10th tergite rounded if present; Cu, Isocapnia spenceri var. thujae R i c k e r, 1943, of the fore wing usually with only 2 Stoneflies SW B.C., p. 92-93, male, male gen- branches; wings not spotted but may have italia, p. 93, fig. 73. a clear band across the wing between the Type locality: Chilliwack River at Vedder Cross- cord and the tip...... ing, British Columbia...... (Subgenus Taenionema) 2 Geographic range: British Columbia to California. Tenth abdominal tergite without 2 raised, California record: rearward-pointing appendages ...... 3 Trinity Co.: Trinity River about 7 mi. S. of Tenth abdominal tergite with 2 raised, rear- ward-pointing appendages Trinity Center, male, 111-2-55 (S. G. Jewett, Jr., ...... 5 S. G. J.). Lobes at base of cerci large, rounded, and Discussion: directed forward ...... vduaeei There are several other species of Isocapnia Lobes at base of cerci spinelike and direct- from the Pacific Northwest, and it seems prob- ed backward...... 4 able that others will be found in California. Much Supra-anal process gradually tapering to a variation occurs in some species particularly in point; wings usually heavily infuscated size, and it seems that brachypterous specimens ...... nigtipennis may be conspecific with long-winged forms even Supra-anal process enlarged toward the tip though small differences are found in the male which is broadly rounded; wings lightly genitalia. infuscated with a clear band across the wing between the cord and the tip ...... grinnelli Subfamily TAENIOPTERYGINAE Supra-anal process broadly bifurcate in side view with a short tooth near the base of California probably leads all the states in the the bifurcation ...... californica numberof species in this subfamily. The nymphs Supra-anal process not broadly fiburcate . 6 of few are known, and the females are very dif- Lobes of the 10th tergite large and rnark- ficult to distinguish with certainty. Therefore edly excavated laterally; wings moder- only the following key to males is presented. ately fumose but with an irregular clear band across the fore wing in the area of the cord ...... raynoria Lobes of the 10th tergite smaller and not markedly excavated laterally; wings clear or sl i g h tly fumose with a clear band across the fore wing in the area of the cord...... 7 Lobes of the 10th tergite separated at their base by a distance no more than their length; wings clear ...... pallida Lobes of the 10th tergite separated at their base by a distance 2 or 3 times their Fig. 19. Hale terminslia of Tornioptrya nanra, h lateral viea length; wings clear or slightly fumose (Needham and Clamsen, 1925). with a clear band in the area of the cord ...... pacifica Key to the Males of California Species of Brachyptera Brachyptera (Doddsia) occidentalis (Banks) (Figs. 20-21) (Fig. 20, d)

1. A median keel present near the end of the Taeniopteryx occidentalis Banks, 1900, Trans. subgenital plate; 10th tergite with 2 proc- Am. Ent. SOC., 24:244; female. esses, each very narrow at the base, Taeniopte yxoccidentalie Needham and Claassen, broad and with 2 sharp comers at the tip; 1925, Monog. Plecop., pp. 25-151; wings, pl. Cul in the fore wing with 4 or 5 branches; 33, fig. 3; male genitalia, pl. 45, figs. 1-2; wings spotted ...... female genitalia, pl. 46, fig. 1. THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 149

b

Fi& 21. Yale termiaalia of Sdypka. a pdlida, dorsal view; b, pacificq dorsal vier; c, radu.sci. dorsolarerrl ricr; d, roynoricr, dorsolatd vier (a, Rickei, 194% b, Needham and Cla.ssen, 192% c, d, Claassen, 19376).

Fig. 20. Male terminalia of BracAyptcra, in lateral view. a, grinnelli; Btachypteta (Taenionema) grinnelli (Banks) b, nigripennis; c, cdifomica; d, occidmtdia (Needham and Claassen, 51. 1925). (Fig. 20, a) Type locality: Mt. Rainier, Washington. Taenioptetyx grinnelEi Banks, 1918, Bull. Geographic range: British Columbia to Colorado Mus. zool., 62:8; male. and California. Taeniopteyx grinnelli Needham and Claassen, California record: 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 248; male genitalia, Mono Co.: Leavitt Meadows, 5 females, VI- 46, fig. 6. 28-51 (E. L. Silver, U. C.L. A.). Type locality: Millard Canyon, Los Angeles, Pas- adena, California. Geographic range: southern California. 50. Btachyptera (Taenionema) californica California records: (Needham and Claassen) Fresno Co.: Dry Cr., N. E. Academy, several (Fig. 20, c) males, females, 11-111-53 (D. L. Abell, D. L. A. and S. G. J.). Taeniopteryx cdifornica Needh am and Claassen, Los Angeles Co.: Lake Elizabeth Canyon, 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 247; male genitalia, 1 female, 22 n ymphs, VI-12-52 (D. Covey, B. pl. 45, figs. 9 and 10; female genitalia, pl. Tinglof, E. A. Harris, U.C.L.A.); Lake Eliza- 46, fig. 5. beth Canyon, 7 males, 3 females, 1 nymph, IV- Type locality: Palo Alto, California. 29-52 (U. C. L. A.). Geographic range: California. California records: 52. BracAypt era (T aenionem a) nigrip enni s Los Angeles Co.: male, IV-11-37 (N. F. fiard- (Banks) man, C. I. S.). (Fig. 20, b) Mendocino Co.: Ryan Cr., male, 111-26-49 (P. D. Hurd, C.I.S.). Taeniopteryx (Rhabdiopteryx) nigripennis Banks, 150 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

1918, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62(1):8. Amer., 29:623 (new name for N. pallida Banks, Taeniopteryx nigripennis Needham and Claassen, 1902). 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 245; male genitalia, Taeniopteryx kincaidi Hoppe, 1938, Univ. Wash. pl. 45, figs. 7-8; female genitalia, pl. 46, fig. 4. Publ. Zool., 4:164; male and female. Taeniopteryx (Taenionema) dgripennis Ricker, Brachyptera pacifica Frison (in part), 1942, Bull. 1943, Stoneflies SW B.C., pp. 53-54; male Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv., 22:251 (not pacifica nymph. Banks). Type locality: Wenatchee, Washington. Taeniopteryx (Taenionema) kincaicli Ricker, 1943, Geographic range: British Columbia and Alberta Stoneflies SW B.C., pp. 52-53; nymph. to Colorado and California. Brachyptera (Taenionema) pallida Ricker, 1952, California records: Syst. Studies Plecop., pp. 158-159; corrected Butte Co.: Oroville, female, 111-10-28 (H. H. synonymy. Keifet, C. A. S.). Type locality: Little Beaver, Colorado. Tulare Co.: Wolverton, 7,000-9,000 ft., Sequoia Geographic range: British Columbia to Colorado National Park, female, VI-17-29 (E. C. Van Dyke, and California. C. A. S.). California records: Mono Co. (?): Near Sonora Pass, 8,000 ft., female, VII-6-48 (H. K. Townes, W.E.R.); near 53. Brachyptera (Taenionema) pacifica (Banks) Sonora Pass, 8,500 ft., female, VIII-7-48 (H. K. (Fig. 21, 5) Townes, W. E. R.). Tuolumne Co.: Strawberry, f e m a 1e, VI-1951 Taeniopteryx pacifica Banks, 1900, Trans. Amer. (S. G. J.). Ent. SOC., 26:244. Taeniopteryx pacifica Newcomer, 1918, J our.Agric. Res., 13 (1):37-41;. figs. of male, female, and 55. Brachypt era (T aenionema) raynoria nymph. (Claassen) Taeniopteryx pacifica Needham and Claassen, (Fig. 21, d) 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 246; wing. pl. 33, fig. 5; male genitalia, pl. 45, figs. 11-12; fe- T aeniopteryx raynoria Claassen, 1937, Jour. Kans. male genitalia, pl. 46, fig. 3. Ent. SOC., 10:46; descr. and fig. of male. ' Type locality: Pullman, Washington. Brachyptera pacifica Frison (in part), 1942, Bull. Geographic range: British Columbia and Alberta Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv., 22(2):251 (not pacifica to Colorado and California; New York to Vir- Banks); genitalia of male andfemale, fig. 12. ginia. Brachyptera (Taenionema) raynoria Ricker, 1952, California records: Syst. Studies Plecop., p. 159; corrected Syn- Mono Co. (?): Yosemite Cr., 7,200 ft., Yosemite onymy and identification notes. National Park, male, VI-21-50 (Wm. E. Ricker, Type locality: Yosemite, California. W. E. R.). Geographic range: California. Trinity Co.: Trinity R. ca. 7 mi. S. of Trinity California records: Center, 111-2-55, 43 males, 9 females, (S. G .Jew- Mono Co. (?): Yosemite Cr., 7,200 ft., Yosem- ett, Jr., C.A. s.). ite National Park, male, 12 females, Vl-21-50 (Wm. E. Ricker, W. E. R.); Smoky Jack Camp, 7,000 ft., Yosemite National Park, 4 males, 7 fe'- males, VI-22-50 (Wm. E. and Angus Ricker, W. 54. Brachyptera (Taenionema) pdlida (Banks) E. R.). (Fig. 21, a) Shasta Co.: Viola, male, V-18-41 (C. D. Mich- ener, C. I. S.). Nemourn pallida Banks, 1902, Can. Ent., 34:125; Stanislaus Co.: Adobe Cr., 4 females, IV-6- female. 49 (Ray F. Smith, C. I. S.). Taeniopteryx pdlida Banks, 1918, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62(1):9 (described as a new species). 56. Brachyptera (T aenionem a) vmduae ei Taeniopteryx banksii Needham an d Claassen, (Claassen) 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 249 (new name for (Fig. 21, c) T. pa.11ida Banks, 1918). Taeniopteryx pallida Needham an d Claassen, Taeniopteryx vduaeei Claassen, 1937, Jour. 1925, ibid., p. 250. Kans. Ent. SOC., 19(2):46-47; desc. and fig. N emou~apallidura Claassen, 1936, Ann. Ent. Soc. of male. THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 151

Brachyptera vanduzeei Frison, 1942, Bull. 111. Key to the Pteronarcidae of California Nat. Hist. Surv., 22(2):253; fig. of male. (Fig. 22) Type locality: Alpine Creek, Tahoe, California. Geographic range: California. 1. Abdominal gills, reduced in the adult, on California records: first 3 segments; adults and mature Nono CO. (?): Smoky Jack Camp, 7,000 ft., nymphs less than 30 mm. in length .... Yosemite National Park, male, VI-22-50 (Ww. E...... (Genus Pteronarcella) regularis and ,4ngus Ricker, W. E. R.). Abdominal gills on first 2 segments only; Plumas Co.: small creek in Portola, 3 males, adult and mature nymph usually at least 12 females, 2 nymphs, exuviae, VI-10-52 (Wm. E. 35 mm. in length. . (Genus ) 2 Ricker, W. E. R.); Small creek 6 mi. W. of Portola, 2(1). Nymph with lateral thoracic processes long, 3 females, VI-10-52 (Wm. E. Ricker, W. E. R-). slender, directed outward and wing pads pointed; erect lobes of the divided 10th tergite of m a 1 e rather broadly rounded; 57. Taeniopteryz mmra (Pictet) processes at the apex of the female sub- (Fig. 19) genital plate are somewhat equilateral triangles approximated at the base.. ... Nemoura maura Pictet, 1841, female...... calif ornica Taeniopteyx nivalis Fitch, 1847, Emmons Jour. Nymph with lateral thoracic processes short, Agric. Sci., 5:274. not markedly directed outward and wing Taeniopteryx maura Needham and Claassen, 1925, pads rounded; erect lobes of the divided Monog. Plecop., pp. 239-240; wing, pl. 33, fig. 10th tergite of the male rather narrow, 4; male genitalia, pl. 44, figs. 5-6; female much higher than wide; processes at the genitalia, pl. 46, fis. 7. apex of the female subgenital plate are Taeniopteryx nivalis Needham and Claassen, very elongate triangles, twice as high as 1925, ibid., pp. 240-241. broad and more widely separated at the Taeniopteyz nivalis Claassen, 1931, Plecop. base ...... princeps Nymphs, pp. 103-104; nymph. Taeniopteyx mawa Claassen, 1931, ibid., pp. 104-105; nymph. 58. Pteronarcella regularis (Hagen) Taeniopteryx matlra Frison, 1942, Bull. Ill. Nat. (Fig. 22, e, f) Hist. Surv., 22 (2):248; synonymy. Type locality: Pennsylvania. Pteronarcella regularis Hagen, 1873, Bull. Geol. Geographic range: Eastern North America, Minne- Surv. Colo., p. 573. sota, Oregon, and California. Pteronarcella regularis Needham and Claassen, California record: 1925, Monog. Plecop., pp. 45-46; male gen- Siskiyou Co.: Shasta R., 8 females, 11-10-52 italia, pl. 7, fig. 15; female genitalia, pl. 8, (S. G. Jewett, Jr., S.G. J.). figs. 3-5. Pteronarcella regularis Claassen, 1931, Plecop. Family PTERONARCIDAE Nymphs Amer., pp. 36-37; description and fig- ures of nymph. Members of t h i s family i n c 1 u d e California’s Type locality: Nevada. largest stoneflies which be 1on g to the genus Geographic range: A 1a s k a to California and Pteronarcys. The recorded species are all com- Nevada. mon though Pteronarcella is less often encoun- California record: tered than Pteronarcys. Nymphs of Pteronarcys Lassen Co.: Susan R. Camp, female, VI-10- are frequently abundant in medium-sized rivers, 49 (D. Cox, C. 1. S.). and the adults may occasionally be seen flyin8 Discussion: in great numbers ac ro s s highways paralleling This species is probably present in most of large stream’s. The following key may beused the permanent stream systems of the state. An- forplacing both nymphs and adults of both sexes. other species of the genus, P. badia (Hagen), is The record of Pteronarcys (Allonarcys) proteus common in the Rocky Mountain states and has Newman for California in Needham and Claassen been taken in Nevada. In badia the recurved, (1925, p. 40) is regarded as an error for no au- scoop-shaped appendage on the dorsum of the thentic specimens of Allonarcys, an Appalachian 9th abdominal segment of the male is broadly subgenus, have been taken in the western United rounded instead of having straight sides and com- States. ing to a point at the apex, and the female plate 152 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

60. Pteronmcys (Pteronmcys) princeps Banks (Fig. 22, b, d) Pteronmcys princeps Banks, 1907, Can. Ent., 39:327; male and female. Pteronarcys princeps Needham and Claassen, 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 38; male and female genitalia, pl. 7, figs. 7 and 8. Type locality: Mission, British Columbia. Geographic range: British Columbia to New Mex- ico and California. California records: El Dorado Co.: Strawberry Valley, female, VIII-7-12 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.). Mariposa Co.: Merced R., Yosemite National Park, male exuvia, 2 females, VI-22-50 (Wm. E. Ricker, W. E. R.). Riverside Co.: Taquitz Cr., Palm Sprgs., fe- d male, IV-9-44 (E. S. Ross, C. A. S.). Tuolumne Co. : Dardanelle, 3 females, VIII-8- 48 (W. E. R.): Strawberry?4 nymphs,VI-1951 (U. C. L. A.).

Suborder SETIPALPIA Family PERLODIDAE

This family was recently revised by Ricker (1952) whose arrangement of subfamilies and generic concepts differ in many details from earlier work- ers like Klapiilek (1912) and Frison (1935a; 1942 b). Many species are yet known only by one sex, f and the nymphs of a very large number have not been described. It is therefore necessary to base Fig. 22. a, c, Ptcmnarcya cdifondcq' b. d, Ptsron-a prinCcp8; much of the classification on the male genitalia. e, f, PtcraarccUa regula&; a, b, lateral vier of rode terdndb; e, dor- The key on pages 128 to 130 will place males to sd vier of rode remindin; c, d, /. vmtd vier of femde termindin (Needham and Clanssen, 1925). the genera known to occur in California. The mesosternal ridge patterns (fig. 23) offer good may be more or less trilobate but is never acutely notched in the middle. characters to separate many subgenera. In addition to the recorded subfamilies, 59. Pteronmcys (Pteronarcys) califomica (Dolkrila) knozcltoni (Frison), representing the Newport subfamily , may occur in California; it (Fig. 22, a, c) is recorded from Vancouver Island and Alberta south to Oregon and Utah. In this species the Pteronarcys califomica N e w p o r t, 1848, Proc. male subanal lobes are distinctive in being ex- Linn. SOC., 1:388. tended straight backward and meeting along their Pteronarcys californica Needham and Claassen, mesal surfaces. 1925, Monog. Plecop., pp. 37-38; m a1e and Subfamily ISOGENINAE female genitalia, pl. 7, fip. 5 and 6. Pteronarcys californica Claassen, 1931, Plecop. In addition to the recorded subgenera of this sub- Nymphs Amer., p. 32; description and figures family definitely known to occur in California, of nymph. one other is fairly sure to occur at least in some Type locality: California. of the larger streams of the northwestern corner Geographic range: British Columbia to California. of the state. () frontalis California records: colubrinus Hagen is a common western species Butte, Kern, Marin, Mendocino, Placer, Plu- which occurs abundantly in the Rogue River of mas, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Sonoma, and Stan- southern Oregon. It is readily recognized by the islaus counties. April-July. median mesosternal ridge present on both sexes. THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 153

C

Fig. 23. Diappms of perlodid mesostemd ridge patterns. a, nymphs 8 and adults of Perlinodca; nymphs of Oropedo; b. adults of Dolbilo; 0. adults of most subgenera of Iaogenw. nymphs of many Iaopsrlq. d. nymphs and adults of Iaogenoidea; e, nymphs and adults of Sktcdai f, adult of Chrmokdua; g, adult of Oaobenua; h, nymphs and adults of many Iao- pcdo (Ricka, 1952).

Key to the California Subgenera and Species of Arcynopteryx (Fig. 24) d

1. Lateral abdominal gills present (adult un- e known) ...(Subgenus Oropezla) barbara Abdominal gills absent ...... 2 2(1). Three pairs of thoracic gills and 1 pair of cervical gills present ...... (Subgenus Perlinodes) awe0 Cervical gills absent ...... 3 3(2). Gills present on all 3 thoracic segments; found in Hudsonian and Alpine life zones ...... (Subgenus Megatcys) yosemite Thoracic gills absent ...... (Subgenus ) 4 ...... Fill. 24. Te&d abdominal su~ccuresof Arcyneptmys. a, yo8ai(., 4(3). Male hooks on 10th tergite short, 2 to 3 hoot on tenth ccqite of male; b, ma, vend vier of female termioalil; times as long as the breadth of its con- c, pwdlela, naml vier of female termiiaalia; d, dorsal vier of male ceraieali.; e, area, lard vier of mdc tcminali.; 1, cwvata, dorsal stricted middle part ...... pardlela vier of male terria.li.; g, mttd new of kale ddia(a, Need- Male hooks on 10th tergite long, 4 to 5 times huand Clussen, 1925; b. e, /, g, Hmsw. 1942; c, Frison, 1937; d, Fdsoa, 1936). as long as the breadth of its constricted middle part ...... curvatu Discussion: Five kinds of Meqarcys occur in the western 6 1. Arcynopteryx (Megatcys) yo Semite cordilleran region and seem to be sufficiently Needham and Claassen distinct on both morphological and ecological (Fig. 24, a) Rrounds to be treated as separate species. A. (Megwcys) subtnrncata (Hanson) is a common yosemite Needham and Claassen, 1925, species from British Columbia to Oregon and may Monog. Plecop., pp. 56-57; male genitalia, pl. occur in California. It is found in streams in the 10, fig. 8; female genitalia, pl. 7, fig. 20. Canadian and Transition life zones and differs Arcynopteryx yosemite Ricker, 1952, Sys t. Studies from yosemite in the male by having the tips of Plecop., p. 78; notes on female and placement the lateral stylets bluntly rounded instead of hav- in new subgenus . ing them tapered to a spine and in the female by Type locality: Mt. Lyell at 11,000 ft., California. having the notch in the subgenital plate broadly Geographic distribution: Mt. Rainier, Washington; rounded instead of narrowly rounded. Mt. Hood, Oregon; Mt. Lyell, California. Cali fo mi a record 62. Arcynopteryx (Oroperla) bwbwa (Needham) The single male holotype and single female allotype are the only recorded California speci- mens. Oroperla barbara Needham, 1933, Jour. Ent. and 154 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Zool., 25:lf; desc. and fig. of nymph. Arcynoptetyx parallela cwvata R i c k e r, 1943, Arcynopteryx (Oroperla) barbata R i c k e r, 1952, Stoneflies SW B.C., p. 114, desc. of male and Syst. Studies Plecop., p. 79; placed in sub- female; fore wing, male and female genitalia, genus Oroperla and nyniphal mouth parts illus- p. 115, figs. 93-95, 97-98; placed in new sub- trated on p. 76, figs. 39 and 40. genus Skwala. Type locality: Rubicon River (American R. drain- Type locality: Wallace, Idaho. age), near Lake Tahoe, California. Geographic range: southern British Columbia to Geographic range: Sierra Nevada of California. California. California record: Califohia record: El Dorado Co.: S. Fork American R.nr. Trinity Co.: Indian Cr. mouth, trib. Trinity R., Kyburz, nymph, IX-7-54 (S. Hitchcock, C. A. S.). nr. Douglas City, 111-2-55, 16 males, 4 females Discussion : (S. G. Jewett, Jr., C. A. S.). The adult of this species, as yet undiscov- ered, will be of much interest and will be readily 65. Arcynopteyx (Skwala) parallela (Frison) recognizable by abdominal gill remnants. (Fig. 24, c, d)

63. ATcynopteTyx (Perlinodes) awea Smith Perlodes americana Needham and Claassen, 1925, (Fig. 24, b, e) Monog. Plecop., p. 61, desc. of male and fe- male; pl. 7, fig. 21, female subgenital plate; Arcynopteyx awea Smith, 1917, Trans. Am. Ent. male genital hook, pl. 10, fig. 5 (not Klapalek, SOC., 43:477-478; desc. and figs. of female 1912). genitalia and wings. Perlodes americana Claassen, 1931, Plecop. Arcynopteyx vagans Smith, 1917, ibid., pp. 478- Nymphs, p. 44, incomplete desc. of nymph. 479; desc. of male genitalia and wings. Hydroperla pwallela Frison, 1936, Ann. Ent. Soc. Perlodes awea Needham and Claassen, 1925, Amer., 29:261, desc. and figs. of male. Monog. Plecop., p. 62; female genitalia, pl. HydroperZa parallela Frison, 1937, Bull. Ill. Nat. 7, fig. 23. Hist. Surv., 219, desc. of female and figs. Perlodes vaqans Needham and Claassen, 1925, of female plate, head, and pronotum. ibid., pp. 66-67; male genitalia, pl. 10, figs. Hydroperla patallela Frison, 1942, ibid., 22:298, 2 and 9. desc. and figs. of nymph. Perlodes aurea Frison, 1942, Bull. Ill. Nat. Hist. Arcynopteryx americana Hanson, 1942, Amer. Mid- Sum., 22 (2):288; figs. of head, pronotum, land Nat., 28:394, desc. of male and female. sterna, and female subgenital plate. Arcynopteryx (Skwala) parallela Ricker, 1952, Perlinodes aurea Hanson, 1942, Amer. Midland Syst. Studies Plecop., p. 85; placed in new Nat., 28:401, desc. of male and female; female subgenus Skzcala. genitalia, p. 405, fig. 18; head, p. 405, fig. 10. Type locality: Corvallis, Oregon. Arcynopteryx (Perlinodes) aurea Ricker, 1952, Geographic range: southern British Columbia to Syst. Studies Plecop., pp- 80-81, desc. of California and Utah. nymph. California records: Type locality: California. Sacramento Co.: Fair Oaks, female (C. A. S.). Geographic range: Washington to California. Shasta Co.: Clear Cr., 3. mi. S. French Gulch, C a1i fo mia records: male, female, 111-2-55 (S. G. Jewett, Jr., C. A.S.). Mono Co.: Rush Cr., female, VII-7-46 (Fraser, Trinity Co.: Trinity R. ca. 7 mi. S. of Trinity c. I. S.). Center, 2 females, 111-2-55 (S. G. Jewett, Jr., Plumas Co.: Tribs. of Smith Cr., ca. 6,500 ft., C. A. S.). Blairsden, f e m a1 e, VI-11-52 (Wm. E. Ricker, Key to the California Subgen ra and W. E. R.). Species of Isogenus f Sierra Co.: Fiddle Cr., Downieville, 3,500 ft., 8 nymphs, IX-20-46 (H. P. Chandler, C. I. S.). (Males and Females) (Figs. 25, 26, 27, 40, d)

64. Arcynopteryx (Skwala) cumata Hanson 1. Arms of the mesosternal Y-ridge meet the (Fig- 24, f, 9) anterior corners of the furcal pits . . . . 2 Arms of the mesosternal Y-ridge meet or ap- Arcynopteryx curvada Hanson, 1942, Amer. Mid- proach the posterior comers of the furcal land Nat., 28:395, desc. of male and female: pits...... 3 female genitalia, p. 405, fig. 13; male gen- italia, p. 406, fig. 22. 4 See text for I. sorptus (Needham and Claassen) THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 155

2(1). Wings almost clear; male lateral stylets, short, with 2 or 3 terminal spinules; a yellowish species ...... (Subgenus Osobenus) yakimae Wings dark brown; male lateral stylets long, smoothly rounded ...... (Subgenus Chemokrilus) in part 3(1). Submental gills present; wings heavily in- fuscated; lateral stylets rounded at the b tip ....(Subgenus Chernokrilus) erratus Submental gills absent ...... 4 4(3). Lateral stylets of male slender, acute; a yellowish species ...... (Subgenus ) tostonus Lateral stylets absent from the male supra- anal apparatus . . (Subgenus Kogotus) 5 C 5(4). A large, three-rayed spot on the head, the B middle ray within the ocellar triangle, the others rea c h i n g the eye; paragenital plates of male subacute ...... nonus Ilead mostly brown without a yellow spot; tips of paragenital plates of male round- ed, u p tu r n e d , and spinulose; wings Fig. 26. Terminal abdominal structures of laogenus. a, b, nonus; c, yakimoe; d, baonw; e. erratus; a, vend view of female terminalia; h e avi1 y in f usc at ed ...... a2 um edu b, c, e, doad view of mde terminalia; d, supra-mal process of male, lateral view (a, Needham md Clamsen, 192s; b, Clamssen, 19376; c, Hoppe, 1938; 4 Ricker, 1943; e, Ricker. 1952).

. . :. :...... , I , ' 8'.

a b fr a b

Fig. 27. Ventral view of female terminalia of lsogenus. a, y&m; b. tostonus (Ricker. 1952).

Isogenus sorptus R i c k e r, 1952, Sys t. Studies Plecop., p. 131, female; p. 129, fig. 79 and fig. 81, female plate and head. Type locality: Sequoia National Park, California. Geographic range: Oregon and California. California record: The holotype female from Sequoia National Fig. 25. a, Isogenur frorttdis alubrinW, mcdview of femde tu- Park is the only recorded specimen of this rare mindia; b, Isogenua daeda, dorsal vier of deccnninalis c. Iaogenua species from California. sorptua, head and prononun d female; 4 Iwg- f. colubkua. Iuerd view of male termindia (a, d, HM-, 1943; b, Needbam and UMSSCII, 1925; c. Rider, 1952). 67. lsogenus (Chernokrilus) etratus (Claassen) 66. Isogenus sorptus (Needham and Claassen) (Fig. 26, e> (Fig. 25, G) Perla venosa Needham and Claassen, 1925, Perla sozpta Needham and Claassen, 1925, Monog. Monog. Plecop., pp. 93-94; wings, pl. 11. fig. Plecop., p. 90, female; wings, pl. 12, fig. 4; 8; male genitalia, pl. 18, figs. 11 and 12. female genitalia, pl. 25, fig. 10. Perla errata Claassen, 1936, Ann. Ent. SOC.Amer. 156 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

29:62; new name. 30 (3): 178; placed in subgenus Kogotus and Isogenus evatus R i c k e r, 1952, Syst. Studies female described. Plecop., p. 94; male genitalia, p. 94, figs. Type locality: Alameda County, California. 44-46; placed in new subgenus Chernokrilus. Geographic range: California. Type locality: Fieldbrook, California. California records: California record: Alameda Co.: Livermore,3 males, 1 female, The holotype male is the only known speci- V-11-30 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S. and S. G. J.). men of this species. Lake Co.: Lake Curry, Solano City, male, IV- Discussion: 13-50 (J. N. Simons, C.I. S.). Specimens of the subgenus Chemokrilus are Napa Co.: Pope Valley, 2 females, V-8-30 extremely rare in collections. In erratus the arms (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A.S. and S.G. J.). of the mesosternal Y-ridge m ee t the anterior San Benito Co.: Pinnacles National Monument, corners of the furcal pits, whereas in misnomus male and female, V-3-46 (H.P. Chandler, H. P. C.). (Claassen), known only from Oregon, the arms Santa Clara Co.: Silver Cr. Hills, female, V- approach or reach the posterior corners. 18.41 (Kenneth Frick, C. I. S.). Discussion: Ricker (1952, p. 128) suggested that this spe- 68. Isogenus (Cultus) tostonus Ricker cies might best be placed in the subgenus (Figs. 26, d; 27, b) Kogotus but stated that the paragenital plates are not produced; actually these are produced up- aestivalis Ricker, 1943, Stoneflies SW ward into rounded, spinulose tips, and it seems B.C., p. 107; fig. 88, head and pronotum; fig. best to place the species in Kogotus. As in I. 89, supra-anal process and lateral stylets of nonus there is a coiled process within the tip of male genitalia. (Not aestivalis Needham and the supra-anal apparatus. Claassen.) Isogenus (Cultus) tostonus Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies Plecop., pp. 97-98, desc. of male and 70. Isogenus (Kogohs) nonus f ema1 e. (Needham and Claassen) Type locality: Toston, Montana. (Fig. 26, a, b) Geographic range: British Columbia and Montana south to Wyoming and California Perla nona Needham and Claassen, 1925, Monog. Califo rni a records: Plecop., p. 86, desc. of female; female gen- El Dorado Co.: Chile Bar, male and female, italia, pl. 17, fig. 21. VII-5-48 (K. W. Tucker, C. I. S.). Peda nona Claassen, 1937, Jour. Kans. Ent. SOC., Tulare Co.: Sequoia National Park, 2,000- 10:49, desc. of male; male genitalia, p. 51, 5,000 ft., male, V-24-29 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.). figs. 5 and 14. Discussion: Isogenus nonus Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies Ple- Isogenus pilatus Frison, the other described cop., pp. 116-117; placed in new subgenus species of the subgenus from the Pacific coast, K ogotus . is known to occur from British Columbia to south- Type locality: Corvallis, Oregon. ern Oregon. It is a larger species than tostonus Geographic range: southern British Columbia to and is readily separated from it by dark markings California. on the head. California records: San Mateo Co.: Portola State Park, female, V-8-50 (C. I. S.). 69. Isoyenus (Kogotus) alameda Shasta Co.: Burney Falls, male, VI-29-47 (R. (Needham and Claassen) L. Usinger, H. P. C.). (Figs. 25, b; 40, d) Stanislaus Co.: Del Puerta Canyon, female, IV-20-49 (P. D. Hurd, C. I. S.); Adobe Cr., 22 mi. W. of Patterson, male, 4 females, IV-23-49 (Hugh Perla alameda Needham and Claassen, 1925, B. Leech, C. A. S.). Monog. Plecop., p. 78, desc. of male; wings, pl. 12, fig. 8; male genitalia, pl. 18, fig. 4. Isogenus alameda Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies 71. Isogenus (Osobenus) yakimae (Hoppe) Plecop., p. 128, placed in genus Isogenus; (Figs. 26, c; 27, a) supra-anal apparatus of holotype male, p. 129, fig. 80. Perla yakimae Hoppe, 1938, Univ. Wash. Publ. Isogenus a2ameda Jewett, 1954, Pan-Pac. Ent., Biol. 4, p. 150, desc. of male; male genitalia, THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA)OF CALIFORNIA 157

p. 171, figs. I and 2. middle; male subanal lobes flat, recurved, lsogenus yakimae Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies acute, bent outward near the tips ..... Plecop., p. 118, desc. of male and female and ...... pinta placed in new subgenus Osobenus; male and Pronotum striped or reticulately marked; fe- female genitalia, figs. 68-72. male subgenital plates vary; male subanal Type locaality: Y akima, Washington. lobes not bent outward close to their tips Geographic range: Washington to California...... 4 California records: 4(3). Female subgenital plate long, its sides par- Lake Co.: Putah Cr., Middletown, male, V-ll- allel or nearly so near the base; hind mar- 26 (C. A. S.). gin of the male 8th sternite with a hair- Marin Co.: Lagunitas, male, 3 females, V-30- less yellow area, but scarcely a lobe; 28 (E. H. Nast, C. A.S.); Lagunitas, 7 females, head with a sharp pattern of brown on VII-1-28 (E. H. !last, C. A.S.). yellow, including an ocellar and a pre- Riverside Co.: Idyllwild, male, VI-3-40 (C. D. ocellar yellow spot ...... ebria Michener, C. 1. S.); Idyllwild, 2 males, VI-10-39 Female subgenital plate shorter, usually its (E. G. Linsley, C. I. S.); Idyllwild, female, VI-17- sides turned inward making an angle of 40 (D. J. Raski, C.I. S.); Herkey Cr., San Jacinto at least 135Owith the side margin of the Mts., male, VI-1-40 (C. D. Michener, S.G.J.); segment; male with a definite lobe on the Herkey Cr., San Jacinto Mts., female, VI-14-40 8th sternite...... 5 (C. D. Michener, C. I.S.). Subfamily ISOPERLINAE

Except for the monotypic genera Calliperla and Rickera, the California fauna of this subfamily is placed in the genus Isoperla. The nymphs of only a few members of the subfamily have been described, and no key is offered for these.

Key to Adults of California Species of lsoperla (Figs. 28-30; 40, e)

1. Tip of male 10th tergite with two small re- curved processes; no lobe on male 8th sternite; female 8th sternite not produced except for a small median process; head with a complete median dark stripe, dark- est between t h e ocelli; pronotum with broad median and lateral light stripes ...... trictura Tip of ,male 10th tergite without processes; male 8th sternite with a lobe; female sternite not as above; color not as above ...... 2 2(1). Lobe at the tip of the 8th sternite nearly square with subacute angles; spinules present on the male 9th tergite; female subgenital plate very little produced; a small yellowish species .....mormona Lobe on the male 8th sternite broadly round- ed behind; male 9th tergite without spi- nules, though with short stout hair,s in potrida; female subgenital plates vary; medium to large species Fig. 28. Temiadi8 of Iwprrlo. a, tridum. lprd view of de; ...... 3 b, tr6icrna. ventd vier of female; c, nbllw10,natd vier of de; d, *3(2). Pronotum with a checkered pattern of black no me^, ventral vier of ferde; e. pWa, read view of female; f, pinta, on yellow; female subgenital plate moder- dorsal vier of de; 8. .ordidq vead vier of female; A, aord*h, dor- sal vier of male (a, b. Frim. 1942b; c, d, 9. A, Needbam and Clusscn. ately produced, slightly excavated at the 1925; e. f, Frisoa, 1937). 158 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

5(4). Female subgenital plate only slightly pro- duced; male subanal lobes acutely bent upward, long...... -6 Female subgenital plate distinctly produced; male subanal lobes not acutely bent nor long...... 7 6(5). Wings subhyaline; hind wing with intercub- ital cross veins ...... marmorata Wings with a yellowish tinge; no intercub- ital cross veins in hind wing . . sordida 7(5). Head pattern interrupted at the transverse occipital suture ...... fdva Head pattern not interrupted at the trans- occipital suture ...... 8 8(7). Wings usually dark; female subgenital plate usually with a shallow median notch; aedeagus of male with a sclerotized proc- ess C-shaped in lateral view ...... denningi Wings hyaline; female subgenital plate usu- ally with a wide, deep excavation at the tip; aedeagus of male without a sclero- tized process ...... Patricia C d Fig. 29. a, b, Cdliperla luctuoeq. ce, Rick- eenutta. a, c, lateral view of mde tera~i~lia;6, e, ventral riw of female nrmiedi.; d, sev- 72. Calliperla Zuctuosa (Banks) enth aod eighth sternites of male. (Fig. 29, a, b) Perla Zuctuosa (Banks, 1906, Can. Ent., 38:336; 74. Isoperla demingi Jewett desc. of female. (Fig. 30, g, h, i) Perla luctuosa Needham and Claassen, 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 97, desc. of wale and fe- lsoperla denninqi Jewett, 1955, Wash. Jour. Biol. male; pl. 12, fig. 8, wings; male and female 13 (1):150; desc. of male and female; male and genitalia, pl. 18, figs. 16-19. female genitalia, p. 153, fig. 7. Type locality: San Francisco, California. Type locality: 4 miles west of Tanbark Flat, Los Geographic range: California and Oregon. Angeles County, California. California record: Geographic range: California. Humboldt Co.: Orick, male, female, VII-9-37 California records: (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.); Deer Lodge, near Trin- Fresno Co.: Dry Creek, 13 males, 16 females, idad, female, VI-5-36 (C. A. S.); Prairie Cr., near V-14-54 (D. L. Abell, S. G. J.). Orick, male, 5 females, VI-9-26 (E. C. Van Dyke. Los Angeles Co.: Tanbark Flat, male, 2 fe- C. A. S.). males, VI-21-50 (H. L. Hanson, C. A. S. and S. G. J.). 73. kickera venusta Jewett Orange Co.: Fullerton, male, V-30-52 (J. W. (Fig. 29, ce) Hinerman, C. A. S.). Riverside Co.: Idyllwild, San Jacinto Mts., Ricketa venusta Jewett, 1954, Pan-Pac. Ent., 30 2 males, f e m a1 e, VI-18-52 (Cazier, Gertsch, (3):176; desc. of male and female, male and Schrammel, S. G. J.). female genitalia, p. 177, fig. 10. Trinity Co.: Carrville, 2,400 to 2,500 ft., fe- Rickera venusta Jewett, 1955, Wasmann Jour. male, V-19-34 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.). Biol. 13 (1): 149; desc. of nymph; nymphal head and mouth parts, p. 153, fig. 6. Type locality: Rogue R. at Muir Cr., Jackson 75. Isoperla ebtia (Hagen) County, Oregon. (Fig. 30, a, e) Geographic range: Oregon and California. California records: Perla ebriaHagen, 1875, Bull. Geol. Surv. Terr., El Dorado Co.: Pyramid Ranger Station, VII- p. 577. 19-15, male (F. B. Herbert, C. A. S.). ebria Needham and Claassen, 1925,

Tuolumne Co.: Strawberrv._. VI-1951 .. (S.G.1.)._I- uonog. Plecop., pp. 141-142; male and female THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 159

genitalia, pl. 25, figs. 1-3. Clioperla ebtia Claassen, 1931, Plecop. Nymphs, p. 71, desc. of nymph. Isoperla ebtia Ricker, 1943, Stoneflies SW B.C. pp. 121-122; desc. of nymph; nymph, nymphal mouth pacts, and female subgenital plate, p. 123, figs. 107-110. b Type locality: Colorado. - Geographic range: British Columbia to Colorado C and California. California records: Alpine or Tuolumne Co.: near Sonora Pass, 8,500 ft., male, VII-4-48 (H. K. Townes, W. E. R.). Mariposa Co.: Tenaya Cr., nr. Merced R., Yo- semite National Park, 6 exuviae, VI-22-50 (am. E. Ricker, W.E.R.). Plumas Co.: Tribs. of Smith Cr., Blairsden, ca. 6,500 ft., 2 males, VI-11-52 (Wm. E. Ricker, e W. E. R.). Shasta Co.: Burney Falls, female, IX-17-46 d (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.). Tulare Co.: Woodlake, female, IV-24-32 (E.P. Van Duzee, C. A. S.).

9 h I 76. Isoperla fulva Claassen Pig. 30. Tecmindi8 of hoperla. 4 6, abnh; b, 0, pokidq d, f, fd.w; (Fig. 30, d, f) g, b, i, de;a, b, f, i, vend view of female, a, d, a. .&nul mew of male; g, eighth sternite of mde; A, amleagal scmctnre. Isoperla fdva Claassen, 1937, Can. Ent., 69:80, desc. of male and female. Type locality: Nevada. Isoperla chtysamula Hoppe, 1938, Univ. Wash. Geographic range: Nevada, California, Oregon. Publ. Biol. 4, p. 156; male genitalia, pl. 18, California records: Plumas Co.: Tribs. of Smith Cr., ca. 5,000 ft., figs. 13 and 14. Blairsden, male and female, VI-11-52 (Wm. E. Isoperla cascadmsis Hoppe, 1938, ibid., p. 158; Ricker, W. E. Meadow Valley, female, male and female genitalia, pl. 18, figs. 17-19. R.); VI-9- lsoperla fulva Frison, 1942, Bull. Ill. Nat. Hist. 24 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A.S.). Shasta Co.: Ono, female, IV-8-34 (E. C. Van Surv., 22 (2):337; syn. of chysamda and Dyke, C. A. cascadensis Hoppe. S.). Sutter Co.: Marysville Buttes, female, V-2-25 Type locality: Logan R., Utah. (H. H. Keifer, C. A. Geographic range: British Columbia to California S.). Tehama Co.: Deer Cr., female, VII-2-47 P. Utah. (H. and Chandler, H. P. C.). California records: El Dorado Co.: 3 mi. S. Camino, 2 males, VI- 26-48 (R. C. Bynum, C. I. S.). 78. Isoperla motmona Banks Modoc Co.: Eagleville, female, VI-1-46 (W. F. Barr, H. P. C.). (Fig. 28, c, d) Isoperla monnona Banks, 1920, Hamard Coll. Mus. 77. lsoperla mannorata Comp. Zool. Bull., 64:322; desc. of female. (Needham and Claassen) Isoperla momna Needham and Claassen, 1925, (Fig. 40, e) Monog. Plecop., pp. 153, 154, desc. of male and female; male and female genitalia, pl. 27, Clioperla marmorata Needham and Claassen, 1925, figs. 1-3. Monog. Plecop., pp. 142-143, desc. of female; Isopeda insipida Hoppe, 1938, Univ. Wash. Publ. wings, pl. 13, fig. 6; female genitalia, pl. 25, Biol. 4, p. 157, male and female. fig. 11. Type locality: Vinyard, Utah. Isoperla mannorota Jewett, 1954, Pan-Pac. Ent., Geographic range: British.Columbia to California, 30 (3): 178; desc. of male. Wyoming, and Arizona. 160 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

California records: Type locality: Curry County, Oregon. Alameda Co.: Niles Canyon, male, IV-27-47 Geographic range: British Columbia to California (H. P. Chandler, H. P.C.). and Wyoming. Inyo Co.: Big Pine, male, female, VI-19-29 California records: (Van Dyke and Usinger, C. A. S.). Lake Co.: 6 mi. S. of Middletown, female, V- Los Angeles Co;: Topanga Canyon, female, 11-16 (C. A. S.). V-12-50 (U. C. L. A.); Lake Elizabeth Canyon, 3 Mariposa Co.: Merced R., Yosemite National males, 3 females, IV-26-50 (U.C.L.A.). Pack, female, 2 exuviae, VI-22-50 (Wm. E. Ricker, Mendocino Co.: Hopland, male, V-9-26 (E. P. W. E. R.). Van Duzee, C. A. S.). Mendocino Co.: Ukiah grade, 3 females, V-10- Riverside Co.: Herkey Cr., San Jacinto Mts., 26 (E. P. Van Duzee, C. A. S.); Yorkville, female, male, VI-4-40 (R. L. Usinger, C. I. S.). IV-30-34 (E. P. Van Duzee, C. A. S.). San Bemardino Co.: Forest Home, male, VI- Plumas Co.: Feather R. at Blairsden, female, 14-26 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.); Big Meadow, 3 2 exuviae, VI-11-52 (Wm. E. Ricker, W. E. R.). males, VII-8-50 (U. C. L. A.). San Mateo Co.: Portola State Park, female, V-8-50 (E. S. ROSS, C. A. S.). Sonoma Co.: Mill Cr., 3 mi. W. Healdsburg, 2 79. Isoperla patticia Frison males, IV-15-50 (Robt. E. Leech, C. A. S.). (Fig. 30, b, c) Tulare Co.: Lemoncove, 2 males, 2 females, IV-14-50 (R. L. Usinger, C.I.S.). Isopetla patricia Frison, 1942, Bull. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv., 22(1):313-315; desc. and figs. of . male, female, nymph, and nymphal mouth parts. 81. Isoperla sordida (Banks) Type locality: Spearfish, South Dakota. (Fig. 28, 9, N Geographic range: British Columbia to California, South Dakota, and Colorado. Perla sordida Banks, 1906, Can. Ent., 38:338; California records: desc. of female. Los Angeles Co.: Camp Baldy, male, female, Isoperla sordida Needham and Claassen, 1925, VI-26-50 (P. D. Hurd, C. I. S.). Monog. Plecop., pp. 152-153; male and female Mariposa Co.: Fish Camp, 3 males, VII-11-46 genitalia, pl. 27, figs. 13-15. (H. P. Chandler, H. P.C.). 7 mi. ENE Fish Camp Type locality: Los Angeles County, California 7,000 ft., male, VII-1-46 (H. P. Chandler, S.G.J.). Geographic range: Washington to California. Shasta Co.: Kings Cr. Mdws., female, VII-2- California records: 47 (T. F. Leigh, C. 1. S.); Big Spring, male, V-23- Los Angdes Co.: Topanga Canyon, 2 females, 41 (P. D. Hud. H.P.C.). 9 nymphs, V-12-50 (U. C. L. A.); Lake Elizabeth Sonoma Co.’: Vinebuig, female, V-25-33 (J. W. Canyon, 3 males, 8 females, IV-26-50 (U. C. L. A.). Tilden, C. A. S.). Tuolumne ‘Co.: Bridgeport, male, VII-9-34 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). 82. IsoperZa trictwa (Hoppe) Discussion: (Fig. 28, a, b) lsoperla dpunctda (Banks), described from New Mexico, is recorded from California by Need- lsoperla trictura Hoppe, 1938, Univ. Wash. Publ. ham and Claassen (1925, p. 1952) and Seemann Biol. 4, p. 151, desc. of male and female; (1927, p. 57). I have seen no specimens which I genitalia, pl. 17, figs. 3 and 4. consider to be 5-punctata from California. This lsoperla trictuta Frison, 1942, Bull. Ill. Nat. Hist. species differs from patricio in the male in lack- Surv., 22(2):336; figs. of male and female ing the stout hairs on the posterior margin of the genitalia. 9th tergite; the females are very similar and can- Type locality: Cedar River (Maple Valley), Wash- not be separated with certainty. ington. I. patricia is a common species frequently Geographic range: Washington to California. emerging with 1. mormona. California records: Madera Co.: Oakhurst, male, V-26-42 (Arthur 80. Isoperla pinta Frison Walz, H. P. C.). (Fig. 28, e, fi Marin Co.: Lagunitas, female, V-2-27 (E. H. Nast, C. A. S.). lsoperla pinta Frison, 1937, Bull. 111. Nat. Hist. Mariposa Co.: Yosemite National Park, 3,880- Surv., 21:92-93; desc. and figs. of male, fe- 4,000 ft., male, V-29-31 (Pendergast, C. I.S.); male, and nymph. same except V-28-31, f e m a1e (C. I. S.); Miami THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 161

Ranger Station, female, VI-4-42 (Arthur J. Walz, (S. G. J.). Shasta Co.: Shingletown, female, VI-1-41 (C. W. Anderson, C. I. S.).

b a

Fig. 32. @, Hcutaperla ~Wnualua,lateral view of male terminalia; b, Parapda frontdie, ventral view of female terminah (a, Ricker. 1952; b, Needham and Cl..sscn. 1925).

Type locality: Kaslo, British Columbia. Geographic range: Alaska to California. California records: Marin Co.: Lagunitas, 2 females, V-2-27 (E. H. Nast, C. A. S.); Redwood Cr., female, V-17-08 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.). Plumas Co.: Tribs. of Smith Cr., ca. 5,000 ft., Blairsden, exuvia, VI-11-52 (Wm. E. Ricker, W. E. R.).

Fig. 31. a, Kathroperla perdita, ventral view of female terminalis; 84. Paraperla frontalis (Banks) b, Paraperla frdia, dorsolateral view of male terminalia; c, K.perdita, dorsolateral view of male terminalia (Needham and Claassen, 1925). (Figs. 31, b; 32, b) Perlinella frontalis Banks, 1902, Can. Ent., 34: Family CHLOROPERLIDAE 123. Paraperla frontalis Needham and Claassen, 1925, California has a rich representation of this family Monog. Plecop., pp. 130-131, desc. of male including two of the three monotypic genera in the and female; wings, pl. 15, fig. 8; male and subfamily Paraperlinae. Few species of Alloper- female genitalia, pl. 23, figs. 4-6. la, the largest genus of the family in North Amer- Paraperla frontalis C 1 a ass en, 1931, Plecop. ica, are known in the nymphal stage so it is not Nymphs Amer., p. 65, desc. of nymph; figs. of possible to present a key for them. Paraperla, mouth parts, pl. 7, figs. 100-105; wing pads, Ir'atAroperla, and Hastaperla may be placed by use pl. IO, figs. 167-168; fig. of nymph, pl. 18, of the key on pages pages 128 to 130. fig. 193. Type locality: New Mexico. Geographic range: British Columbia to New Mex- Sub f ami 1 y P A R A PE R LI N AE ico and. California. California records: 83. Kathroperla perdita Banks Inyo Co.: Whitney Road, female, VI-12-37 (E. (Fig. 31, a, c) C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.). Mariposa Co.: Merced R., Yosemite National Kathroperla perdita Banks, 1920, Bull. Mus. Park, 3 exuviae, VI-22-50 (Wm. E. Ricker, W. Comp. Zool., 64:315. E. R.). h'nthroperla perdita Needham and Claassen, 1925, Mendocino Co.: Yorkville, female, V-1-24 (E. Monog. Plecop., pp. 132-133, desc. of male P. Van Duzee, C. A. S.). and female; wings, pl. 15, fig. 6; male and Mono Co.: Tioga Pass Road, Yosemite Na- female genitalia, pl. 23, figs. 7 and 8. tional Park, 1 mi. E. of summit, ca. 8,500 ft., liathoper2a pezdita Neave, 1934, Can. Ent., 66:2, male, VI-21-50 (Wm. E. Ricker, W.E.R.). desc. of nymph. Plumas Co.: Tribs. of Smith Cr., ca. 5,000 ft., 162 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Blairsden, male, female, 3 exuviae, VI-11-52 (Wm. the 10th tergite ...... 9 E. Ricker, W.E.R.). 9(8). Disk of the pronotum with a dusky central Sonoma Co.: Mill Cr., 3 mi. W. of Healdsburg, stripe ...... continua 6 females, IV-15-50 (Robt. E. Leech, C. A. S.). Disk of the pronotum with reticulate dark markings (occasionally clear in fidelis) ...... 10 Key to the Males of California Subgenera lO(9). Supra-anal Drocess about 1.7 times as and Species of Alloperla broad near the tip as it is near the base (Figs. 33-36; 40, f) ...... fidelis Supra-anal process about 1.2 times as A fingerlike process pointing inward from broad near the tip as it is near the base the basal segment of each cercus; supra- ...... borealis anal body a membranous lobe with a very ll(7). Supra-anal process with a short, upturned small hairy process at its tip ...... hook at the tip; not club-shaped in lateral ...... (Subgenus Suuallia) pallidula view ...... coloradensis Cerci normal; no process at the base of the Supra-anal process without a hook at the cerci; supra-anal body elongate, its ter- tip; club-shaped in lateral view ..... minal process usually larger ...... 2 ...... tounesi Colorusually green in life; no dark abdom- 12(4). Head unmarked except for the ocellar ring; inal stripe; no process on the 9th ter- pronoturn yellow except for dusky lateral gite ...... (Subgenus Allopetla) 3 margins; no lobe on the 7th sternite ... Color mostly yellow in life; a dark dorsal ...... diversa stripe on the abdomen; usually a process Head and pronotum with conspicuous medi- on the 9th tergite ...... 4 an markings of black on yellow; anterior A truncate process dorsally on tip of supra- dark mark on head about twice as wide anal body; supra-anal body very thin in as long; a small posterior lobe on the lateral view ...... delicata 7th sternite ...... pintada No dorsal process on tip of supra-anal body; supra-anal body about as deep in lateral view as wide in dorsal view ...... chdleti Body of the supra-anal body lying in a deep groove of the 10th tergite and at- tached to its sides, bearing at its pos- terior end a terminal part which is well marked off from the rest of the apparatus ...... (Subgenus Sweltsa) 5 Body of the supra-anal apparatus obscure, short, and lying along the surface of and fused with the 10th tergite, usually in a slight depression but never in a groove; supra-anal process s h o r t, sharply re- curved ...... (Subgenus Triznaka) 12 A definite elevated transverse and usually notched process near the anterior border Fig. 33. Male cerminalia of Alloperla, in dorsal view rich enlarged dorsal view of rip of supra-anal process for a and c. a, delicata; b, di- of the 9th tergite ...... 6 versa; c, frutsma (Frison, 1935). No process on the 9th tergite ...fraterna A bifurcate transverse process on the 8th tergite ...... pacifica 85. Alloperla (A2loperla) chandleri Jewett No process on the 8th tergite ...... 7 (Fig. 40, f) Supra-anal process slender, somewhat ex- panded in dorsal view toward the tip Allopetla (Alloperla) chandleri Jewett, 1954, Pan- ...... 8 Pac. Ent., 30(3):179, desc. of male and fe- Supra-anal process broadly flattened. . 11 male. Supra-anal process extending barely be- Type locality: 6 mi. E. of Miami Ranger Station, yond the 10th tergite ...... tamalpa 6,000 ft., Mariposa Co., Calif. Known only Supra-anal process extending well beyond from the type locality. THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 163

California record: male, VI-21-54 (S. W. Hitchcock, S. H.); same ex- Mariposa Co.: As noted above. cept VI-25-54,male, (S. H. ).

a

Fir. 34. Male terminalia of Alloperla, in dodnew. a, Caealpq b, touncu (Rick. 1952).

Fig. 36. Male terminalia of Alloperla, a and c in dor- solateral view and b in lateral view. a, pacifica; b, colorrrdensis;c, borealis (Needham and Claassen, 1925). 87. A1 lop e r1 a (Suu allia) p Crllidul a (Banks) (Figs. 35, d; 38, e)

Fig. 35. Male rewiaalia of Alloperlq in dorsal view. a, concinw; b, fidclia; c, seoam; d, pdWa (a, b, Needbm aod Ciussm, 1925; c, d, Frison, 1935).

06. Alloperla (Alloperla) delicata Frkon (Fig. 33, a) Alloperla delicata Frison, 1935, Trans. Amer. Ent. SOC., 61:334; male. Fii. 37. Feade reraindia of AUop.r(a, in -PPI T~CW. Alloperla (Alloperla) delicata Jewett, 1954, Jour. a, b.srs.i; b, tamdpa (Rider, 1952). Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 11 (5):549; female. CAloroperla pdlidula Banks, 1904, Trans. Amer. AEloperla delicata Hitchcock, 1958, Pan-Pac. Ent. Soc., 30:99; female. Ent., 34 (2):80. Alloperla pallidula Needham and Claassen, 1925, Type locality: Oak Creek, Corvallis, Oregon. Monog. Plecop., pp. 108-109; male and female; Geographic range: Vancouver Island south to Cal- male and female benitalia, pl. 22, figs. 12-13. ifornia. Alloperla dubia Frison, 1935, Trans. Amer. Ent. California record: Soc., 61:338-339, desc. of male and female; Sierra Co.: Sagehen Cr., near Hobart Mills, male genitalia, pl. 11, figs. 8-9, pl. 14, fig. 164 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

ley, male, VII-5-27 (E. H. Nast, C.A.S.); Five mi. N. Yosemite, 3,880-4,000 ft., 2 males, VII- 21-46 (H. P. Chandler, C.I.S.). Mono Co.: Shore of Silver L., 2 males, 3 fe- males, VI-20-50 (Wm. E. Ricker, w. E. R.). San Bernardino Co.: Forest Home, male, VI- 14-28 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.). b Shasta Co.: Hat Cr., Olb Station, male, IX-7- 46 (H. P. Chandler, C. I. S.). Siskiyou Co.: Scott R. at Klamath R., male, VIII-10-49 (Day, C. I. S.). Tehama Co.: Deer Cr., 2 females, VII-2-47 (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.). Discussion: This is the commonest of the three western species of the subgenus Suwallia; the other two species may be eventually taken in California. A. autumna Hoppe emerges in the fall of the year C and is darkish in color; the male has distinctive penial appendages. A. lineosa Banks has a dis- tinctive female subgenital plate which is concave along its distal margins; it is difficult to distin- guish the male from pallidula.

88. Alloperla (Sweltsa) borealis (Banks) (Figs. 36, c; 38, f)

Chloroperla borealis Banks, 1895, Trans. Amer. Ent. SOC., 22:313, desc. of male and female. Alloperla boredis Needham and Claassen, 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 118, desc. of male and fe- male; wings, pl. 14, fig. 1; male and female genitalia, pl. 21, figs. 1-3. Atloperla borealis C 1a a s s en, 1931, Plecop. Nymphs Amer. p. 60, desc. of nymph; nymphal mouth parts, pl. 6, figs. 89-93; nymph, pl. 17, fig. 192. Fig. 38. Fade termindh of Abparlq b rend view. a, color- denair; b, fidsiia; c, +&ma,- d, pacifica; e, pdlidds. f, I)ora&r (a, Type locality: Olympia, Washington. b, d, f. Needbar .ad Clussecl. 1925; e, e, Fdsoa. 1935). Geographic range: British Columbia to Colorado &d- California. 33; female genitalia, pl. 14, fig. 37. California records: Type locality: New Mexico. Marin Co.: Bear Valley, female, IV-12-20 (C. Geographic range: British Columbia to California L. Fox, C. A. S.); Lagunitas, 3 males, 2 females, and Alberta to Wyoming. IV-7-46 (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.); Mt. Tamalpais, California records: male (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.). Alameda Co.: Niles Canyon, 2 males, V-23-17 Mariposa Co.: May Yosemite National (W. M. Gifford, C. A.S.). L., Park, female, VII-9-46 (H. P. Chandler, H.P.C.). Alpine Co. : Narkleeville, female, VII-4-49 (Day, C. I. S.). Del Norte Co.: 10 mi. NE of Fort Dick, 5 fe- 89. A1 1 o p erl a (Sue1t sa) coloradensis (Banks) males, V-29-52 (B. Malkin, B. M.). (Figs. 36, b; 38, a) Madera Co.: Boggy Mdws., 6,000 ft., 7 males, 8 females, VII-15-46 (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.). Chloroperla coloradensis Banks, 1898, Trans. Marin Co.: Muir Woods, female, VII-15-17 (W. Amer. Ent. SOC., 25:199. M. Gifford, C. A. S.). Alloperla coloradensis Needham and Claassen, Mariposa Co.: Fish Camp, 5,000 ft., male, 1925, Monog. Plecop., pp. 113-114, desc. of VII-7-46 (H. P. Chandler. C. I. S.); Yosemite Val- male and female; male and female genitalia, THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 165

pl. 22, figs. 4 and 5. Idaho to Wyoming. Alloperla coloradensis Claassen, 1931, Plecop. California records: Nymphs Amer., pp. 60-61, desc. of nymph; Del Norte Co.: 10 mi. NE of Fort Dick, 10 nymphal mouth parts, pl. 6, figs. 83-88. males, 10 females, V-29-52 (B. Malkin, B.M.). Type locality: Colorado. Lake Co.: Mt. St. Helena, female, V-12-26 (E. Geographic range: British Columbia to California; P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). Montana to Colorado. Marin Co.: Lagunitas, female, IV-7-46 (E. C. California record: Van Dyke, C. A. S.). Sonoma Co.: Sonoma, male, VII-4-26 (E. C. Mariposa Co.: 7 mi. ENE of Fish Camp, 9,000 Van Dyke, C. A. S.). ft., 5 females, VII-1-46 (H. P. Chandler, H.P.C.). Shasta Co.: S. Fk. Sacramento R., 15 mi. SW of Mt. Shasta City, female, VII-19-48 (W. Wirth, 90. Alloperla (Sueltsa) continua Banks c. I. S.). (Fig. 35, a) Trinity Co.: Carrville, 2,400-2,500 ft., 4 fe- males, V-17-34 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.). Alloperla continua Banks, 1911, Trans. Amer.Ent. SOC., 37: 336. Alloperla continua Needham and Claassen, 1925, 92. Alloperla (Sweltsa) frderna Frison Monog. Plecop., p. 117, desc. of male and fe- (Figs. 33, c; 38, c) male; male and female genitalia, pl. 21, figs. 11 and 12. Alloperla fratema Frison, 1935, Trans. Amer. Ent. Type locality: San Gabriel Mts., California. SOC., 61:334-335, desc. of male and female; Geographic range i California. prothorax, pl. 11, fig. 4; abdomen, pl. 12, fig. California records: 19; male genitalia pl. 12, figs. 15 and 19; fe- Alpine or Tuolumne Co.: Near Sonora Pass, male genitalia, pl. 14, fig. 39. ea. 8,500 ft., 2 males, female, VIII-7-48 (H. K. Type locality: Oak Creek, Corvallis, Oregon. Townes, W. E. It.); same, except male, female, Geographic range: British Columbia to California. VII-4-48 (H. K. Townes, W. E. R.). California records: Los Angeles Co.: Tanbark Flat, 3 females, Del Norte Co.: Patrick Cr., trib. of Smith R., VI-27-50 (F. X. Williams, C. A. S,); Topanga Can- 6 males, 4 females, VI-4-49 (S. G. Jewett, Jr., yon, female, V-12-50 (U. C. L. A.). S. G. J.). Mariposa Co.: May L., Yosemite National Marin Co.: Bootjack Camp, Tamalpais State Park, female, VII-17-48 (H. K. Townes, W. E. R.). Park, male, 5 females, VI-25-50 (Wm. E. Ricker, Plumas Co.: Tribs. of Smith Cr., ca. 6,500 W. E. R.). ft., Blairsden, 24 males, 11 females, nymphs, exuviae, VI-11-52 (Wm. E. Ricker, W. E. R.). Riverside Co.: Keen Camp, 2 females, VI-6- 93. Alloperla (Stceltsa) pacifica (Banks) 12-17, (E. P. Van Duzee, C. A. S.). (Figs. 36, a; 38, d) San Bernardino Co.: Forest Home, 3 males, 6 females, VI-14-28 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S. and Chloroperla pacifica Banks, 1895, Trans. Amer. S. G. J.). Ent. Soc., 22:313. Alloperla pacifica Needham and Claassen, 1925, Monog. Plecop., p. 111, desc. of male and 91. Altoperla (Szoeltsa) fidelis Banks female genitalia, pl. 22, figs. 2 and 3. I (Figs. 35, b; 38, b) Al2operla spatdata Needham and Claassen, 1925, Monog. Plecop., pp. 120-121; male and female Alloperla fidelis Banks, 1920, Bull. Mus. Comp. genitalia, pl. 21, figs. 13 and 14. Zool., 64:323, desc. of male and female. AZloperla spdulda C 1 a ass en, 1931, Plecop. AZ2operla fidelis Needham and Claassen, 1925, Nymphs. Amer., pp. 62-63, desc. of nymph; Monog. Plecop., pp. 119-120, desc. of male nymph, pl. 17, fig. 191. and female; male and female genitalia, pl. 21, A2loperla (StceItsa) pacifica Ricker, 1952, Syst. figs. 8-10. Studies Plecop., p. 182, synonomized spatur Alloperla fidelis Frison, 1942, Bull. Ill. Nat. lata N. 8r Clsn. Hist. Surv., 22(2):346, desc. and figs. of male Type locality: Skokomish River, Washington. and female with brachypterous wings. Geographic range: British Columbia and Montana Type locality: Great Alpine Creek, Tahoe, Cal- to California. ifornia. California records: Geographic range: British Columbia to California; Alpine Co.: Hope Valley, 2 males, VII-9-48 166 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

(K. W. Tucker, C.I.S.). 96. Alloperla (Triznaka) diversa Frison Lake Co.: Anderson Cr., N. of Middletown, (Fig. 33, b) male, V-29-49 (Hugh B. Leech, C. A. S.). Los Angeles Co.: Topanga Canyon, 4 males, Alloperla diversa Frison, 1935, Trans. Amer. Ent. 2 females, V-12-50 (U. C. L. A.). Soc., 61~333,desc. of male and female; pro- Marin Co.: Lagunitas Canyon, 1,000 ft., male, notum, pl. 11, fig. 5; abdomen, pl. 12, fig. 20; IV-20-47 (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.); Taylor State male genitalia, pl. 12, figs. 16 and 20; 8th and Park, male, female, IV-20-47 (E. S. Ross, C. A. S.). 9th tergites of male, pl. 13, fig. 31; female Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley, male, VI-23- genitalia, pl. 14, fig. 40. 21 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.): Chilnualna R., Type locality: East Fork of Hood River, Park- 4,000 ft., Yosemite National Park, 3 males, 5 fe- dale, Oregon. males, VI-22-50 (Wm. E. Ricker, w. E. R.); Merced Geographic range: Alaska to California. R., Yosemite National Park, male and female California records: (both dried), VI-22-50 (Wm. E. Ricker, W.E.R.). Mariposa Co.: Smoky Jack Camp, 7,000 ft., Plumas Co.: Keddie, male, female, at light, Yosemite National Park, male and female, VI-22- VI-11-41 (Fred. H. Rindge, H. P.C.). 50 (Wm. E. and Angus Ricker, W. E. R.). Riverside Co. : Tahquitz Valley, San J acinto Mono Co.: Trib. of Silver L., 8 males, 9 fe- hilts., male, VI-7-40 (Fred. H. Rindge, H. P. C.). males, VI-20-50 (Wm. E. Ricker, w. E. R.). San Mateo Co.: Portola State Park, 2 males, Tuolumne Co.: DardaneIle, 3 males, 5 females, V-8-50 (E. S. ROSS, C. A. S.). VIII-4-48 (H. K. Townes, W. E. R.).

94. Alloperla (Sweltsa) tamalpa Ricker 97. Alloperla (Tkznaka) pintada Ricker (Figs. 34, a; 37, b)

Alloperla (Sueltsa) tamalpa Ricker, 1952, Syst. Alloperla (Trianaka) pintada Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies Plecop., pp. 182-183, figs. 140 and Studies Plecop., desc. of male and female; 143, desc. and figs. of male and female. head and thorax pattern and male and female Type locality: Bootiack Camp, Mt. Tamalpais genitalia, p. 188, figs. 147-150. State Park, California. Type locality: Edloe, Colorado, 10,000 ft. Geographic range: California. Geographic range: Washington to California; Colo- California record: rado, New Mexico, South Dakota. San Benito Co.: Pinnacles National Monu- California records: ment, 1,000 ft., 4 males, 4 females, V-3-46 (H. Nevada Co.: Truckee R. near Myers, 5 males, P. Chandler, H. P. C., W. E.R., and S. G. J.). 14 females, VII-22-52 (S. G. Jewett, Jr.! S. G. J.). Riverside Co.: Herkey Cr., San Jacinto Mts., female, VI-12-39 (E. S. Ross, C. I.S.). 95. Alloperla (Swettsa) townesi Ricker (Figs. 34, b; 37, a) 98. Hastaperla chilnualna Ricker (Fig. 32, a> Alloperla (Sueltsa) tozcnesi Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies Plecop., p. 184; male and female gen- Hastaperla chilnuortrrcs Ricker, 1952, Syst. Studies italia, p. 183, figs. 144 and 146. Plecop., p. 190, desc. of male; male genitalia, Type locality: Dardanelle, California. p. 188, fig. 151. Geographic range: California. Type locality: Chilnualna R. Camp, 4,000 ft., California records: Yosemite National Park, California. El Dorado Co.: Pyramid Cr., male, 4 females, Geographic range: Washington to California. VII-22-52 (S. G. Jewett, Jc., S.G. J.). California records: Madera Co.: Boggy Meadows, 6,000 ft., fe- Los Angeies Co.: Topanga Canyon, female, male, VII-15-46 (H. P. Chandler, H. P. C.); Agnew V-12-50 (U. C. L. A.). Meadows, female, VIII-4-52 (W. A. McDonald, U. Madera Co.: 3 mi. W. Bass L., male, female, C. L. A.). VII-1-46 (H. P. C.). Shasta Co.: Burney Falls, male, female, VII- Riverside Co.: Herkey Cr., San Jacinto Mts., 27-52 (D. G. Denning, S. G. J.). 3 males, 4 females, VI-12-39 (C. I. S. and S. G. J.). Tuolumne Co.: Strawberry, 2 males, 2 females, San Bernardino Co.: Barton Flats, 2 males, VII-4-51 (C. I. S.). female, VII-41 (R. J. Pence, U. C. L. A.). THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA 167

Head and thorax of adult brownish; male hammer without ridged surface; ocellar triangle yellow in nymph and head and thorax strikingly patterned...... californica

a b

C d

Fig. 40. a, Peltoperia qucrdrispirrula, aedcagal structure throufi the ninth sternite; b, Nemwro spidloba, ventd view of male tenninalia; c, Copier maculcrta, lateral view of male tennhali=; d, Iaogenua olamedo, ventral view of female tenninalip; e, Iaopcda narroruta, lateral view of male terminalin; f, Alloperla chandleri. lateral view of male terminalin (Jerett, 19Ub).

99. Acroneilria (Calinewia) californica (Banks) (Fig. 39, d, e)

Fig. 39. Terminalia of Aronsuria. a, f, pacific% b. c, rbcodam; d, Perla c02ifomica Banks, 1905, Invertebrata Pac., e, catifomica; a, b, d, dorsal view of male; c. e. f. ventral view of female 1:87, desc. of male and female. (Needham and Clanssen, 1925). Acroneuria cdifomica Needham and Claassen, 1925, Monog. Plecop., pp. 192-193, desc. of Family male and female; male and female genitalia, pl. figs. ea, pl. fig. Subfamily ACRONEURINAE 28, 17-20; 30, 1. Acronewia cddfomica Claassen, 1931, Plecop. Nymphs. her., pp. desc. of nymph; Three species of this predominantly North Amer- 85-86, pl. fig. ican subfamily are known to occur in California, 26, 205. Acronewics califomica 1954, Ent. all in the genus Acroneuria. Records of a fourth Ricker, Proc. species in the genus, depressa Needham and SOC. B.C., 51:39, placed in new subgenus Calineuria. Claassen, in Needham and Claassen's monograph Type locality: California (1925, p. 191) are believed to be of A.theodota. Geographic range: British Columbia to California. Key to the California Subgenera California records: and Species of Actoneuria Butte, Contra Costa, El Dorado, Fresno, Hum- (Fig. 39) boldt, Lake, Los Angeles, Marin, Mendocino Nevada, San Bemardino, Sonoma, Trinity, and 1. Grooves of the mesosternum short and nearly Tuolumne counties. April-July. parallel; anal gills present ...... (Subgenus ) pacifica Grooves of the mesosternum widely diver- 100. Acroneuria (Calineuria) theodora gent ...... (Subgenus Calineuria) 2 Needham and Claassen 2(1). Head and thorax of adul t blackish; male (Fig. 39, b, c) hammer longitudinally rectangular with ridged surface; ocellar triangle dark in Acroneuria theodora Needham and Claassen, 1922, nymph and head and thorax not strikingly Can. Ent., 54:254, desc. of male and female. patterned ...... theodora Acroneuria theodora Needham and Claassen, 1925, 168 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Monog. Plecop., p. 192, desc. of male and fe- California records: male; wings, pl. 16, fig. 9; male and female El Dorado, Humboldt, Lake, Lassen, Marin, genitalia, pl. 28, figs. 21-23; egg, pl. 30, fig.4. Mariposa, Mendocino, Napa, Nevada, Plumas, San Acronetwia tireodora Claassen, 1931, Plecop. Bernardino, Shasta, Sierra, and Tuolumne coun- Nymphs Amer., p. 90, desc. of nymph; nymph, ties. April-July. pl. 26, fig. 206. Acroneuria tAeodora Frison, 1942, Bull. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv., 22(2):284-285, desc. and figs. of head and prothorax, male and female genitalia, and nymphal mouth parts. Acronetwia tAeodora Ricker, 1954, Proc. Ent. Soc. B.C., 51:39, placed in new subgenus Caline- uria. Type locality: Yellowstone National Park, Wyo- ming. b Geographic range: Oregon and California; Montana and Wyoming. California records: El Dorado Co.: Strawberry Valley, female, VIII-5-12 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.). Fresno Co.: S. Fk. Kings R. Canyon, 5,000 ft., male, VII-6-10 (E. C. Van Dyke, C. A. S.). C Lassen Co.: Blue L., Warner Mts., male, VII- 19-20-47 (C. I. S.). Los Angeles Co.: Cam p Baldy, 2 females, d VII-8-50 (W. C. Bentinck, C.I.S.). Plumas Co.: female, VII-1911 (J.C. Huguenin, C. A. S.).

101. Acroneuria (H espetoperla) pacifica Banks f (Fig. 39, a, f) Acroneuria pacifica Banks, 1900, Trans. Amer. Ent. SOC., 26:242. e Acroneuria pumila Banks, 1906, Can. Ent., 38:335. Acroneuria pacifica Needham and Claassen, 1925, Monog. Plecop., pp. 187-188; male genitalia, pl. 4, figs. 11 and 12; wings, pl. 16, fig. 3; male and female genitalia, pl. 29, figs. 7, 9, and 10; egg, pl. 30, fig. 3. Acroneuria pumila Needham and Claassen, 1925, ibid., p. 188, desc. and figs. of male and fe- male genitalia Acronewia pacifica C 1a as s en, 1931, Plecop. Nymphs Amer., pp. 88-89, desc. of nymph; nymphal mouth parts, pl. 5, figs. 71-76; nymph, pl. 25, fig. 204 and pl. 32, fig. 224. Fig. 41. a, Cqda qw&itmbsrora degcnitdia, dorspI; b, Capnia Acroneuria delta Claassen, 1937, Jour. Kans. Ent. qydddsmra mde Ipirda luerd; c, Capnia puodri&barosa female eqhth snxnite. ventdi 4 L.Wp0 &visa male gcniralia, Iuad; e, Lsuc- SOC., 10:42, female. tra &&a male genitalia, dorsal; /, Naova ntd- male genitalia; Acroneuria pacifica Frison, 1942, Pan-Pac. Ent., dorsal; h, Nawomt&mae female sternites; i. Nenmmarionas sub- 18:72-73, synonymized pumila Banks and deEta and lobes of male p.rugpes. (Hitcbcock. 1958.1 C1 aassen. Type locality: Washington. British Columbia to California. Geographic range: British Columbia to California; Montana to Colorado. THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA)OF CALIFORNIA 169

LITERATURE CITED

BANKS, NATHAN 19426. Studies of North American Plecoptera, 1938. A new genus of Perlidae. Psyche, 45: with special reference to the fauna of 136-137. Illinois. Bull. Ill. Nat. Hist. Suw., 22 1947. Some characters in the Perlidae. (2):235-355. Psyche, 54:266-291. HANSON, JOHN F. 1948. Notes on Perlidae. Psyche, 55: 113-130. 1942. Records and descriptions of North Arner- BRINCK, PER ican Plecoptera. Part 11. Notes on North 1949. Studies on Swedish stoneflies (Plecop- American Perlodidae. Amer. Midland. tera). Opuscula Entomologka, Supple- Nat., 28:389-407. mentum XI, pp. 1-250, Lund. 1943. Descriptions of n e w North American CLAASSEN, P .W. Plecoptera. 11. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 1931. Plecoptera nymphs of America (north of 45:85-88. Mexico). Thos. Say Foundation of the 1946. Comparative morphology and Ent. Soc. Amer., Publ. 3, 199 pp. Spring- of the (Plecoptera). Amer. field, Ill.: Chas. C. Thomas. Midland Nat., 35: 193-249. 1935~.New species of stoneflies (Plecop- HANSON, JOHN F.,and JACQUES AUBERT tera). CM. Ent., 69:79-82. 1952. First supplement to the Claassen cata- 19373. New species of stoneflies (Plecop- logue of the Plecoptera of the world, tera). Jour-Kans. Ent. Soc., 10:42-51. pp. 1-23 (privately printed). 1940. A catalogue of the Plecoptera of the HITCHCOCK, STEPHEN world. Cornell Univ. Ag. Exp. Sta., 1958. New California Plecoptera. Pan-Pac. Memoir, 232: 1-235. Ent., 34 (2):77-80. DIMICK, R. E., and DON C. MOTE HOPPE, GERTRUDE N. 1934. Apreliminary survey of the food of Ore- 1938. Plecoptera of Washington. Univ. Wash. gon trout. Ore. Ag. Exp.Sta. Bull., 323: Publ. Biol., 4:139-174. 1-23. JEWETT, STANLEY G., Jr. ESSIG, E. 0. 1954a. New stoneflies (Plecoptera) from west- 1936. Plecoptera, in Insects of western North ern North America. Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. America, pp. 166-169, New Yo&: Mac- Canada, 11 (5):543-549. millan Co. 19543. New stoneflies from California and 1942. Plecoptera, in College Entomology, pp. Oregon (Plecoptera). Pan-Pac. Ent., 148-158, New York: Macmillan Co. 33 (3):167-179. FRISON, T. H. 1955. Notes and d e s c r i p ti o n s concerning 1935~.The stoneflies, or Plecoptera, of Illi- western North American stoneflies (Ple- nois. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull., 20(4): coptera). Wasmann Jour. Biol., 13 (1): 281-471. 145-155. 19353. New North American species of the 1956. Plecoptera, in Aquatic insects of Cali- genus Alloperla (Plecoptera: Chloro- fornia by Usinger, et a?.,pp. 155-181, perlidae). Trans. Amer. Ent. SOC., 61: University of California Press. 331-344. KLAPALEK, FR. 1936. Some new species of stoneflies from 1912. Plecopteres I. Familie Perlodidae, Col- 0 re gon (Plecoptera), Ann. Ent. Soc. lections 2001. du Baron Edm. de Selys Amer., 29:256-265. Longchamps, 4: 1-66. 1937. Descriptions of Plecoptera, with special NEAVE, FERRIS reference to the Illinois species. Bull. 1929. Reports of the Jasper Lakes Investiga- 111. Nat. Hist. Surv.. 21:78-99. tions. 11. Plecoptera. Contr. to Can. 1942 a. Descriptions, records, and systematic Biol. and Fish., n.s. 4:159-168. notes concerning western North Amer- 1933. Some new stoneflies from western Can- ican stoneflies (Plecoptera). Pan-Pac. ada. Can. Ent., 65:235-238. Ent., 18:9-16, 61-73. 170 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

NEEDHAM, J. G. coptera in European collections. Trans. 1933. A stonefly nymph with paired lateral Royal Can. Inst., 22:129-156. abdominal appendages. Jour. Ent. and 1943. Stoneflies of southwestern British Co- ZOO^., 25: 17-19. lumbia. Ind. Univ. Publ. Sciences Se- NEEDHAM, J. G., and P. W. CLAASSEN ries, No. 12, pp. 1-145, Bloornington., 1925. A monograph of the Plecoptera or stone- In di an a. flies of America north of Mexico. Thos. 1952. Systematic studies in Plecoptera. Ind. Say Foundation of the Ent. SOC. Amer., Univ. Publ. Science Series, No. 18, pp. publ. 2, pp. 1-397. Lafayette, Indiana. 1-200, Bloomington, Indiana. NEWCOMER, E. J. 1954. Nomenclatorial notes o n Plecoptera. 1918. Some stoneflies injurious to vegetation. Proc. Ent. SOC. B.C., 51:37-39. Jour. Agric. Res., 13:37-41. SEEYANN, THERESA MARIAN RICKER, WM. E. 1927. Plecoptera, in Dragonflies, mayflies, 1938. Notes on specimens of American Ple- and stoneflies of southern California. Jour. Ent. and Zool., 19:51-59. TABLE County Records of California Stone flies County Records of California Stoneflies

Alameda Alpine Amador Butte Calaveras Colusa Contra Costa Del None El Dorado Frrsno Glenn H u m tmldt Imperial lnyo Kern Kings Lake Lassen 1.0s Angeles Madera Marin

Mariposa X M endoci no Merred Modoc Mono X hionterey Napa Nevada Orange Placer Pliimas X Riverside - Sacramento San Benito San Bernardino San Diego San Francisco San Joaquin San Luis Obisp San Mateo Santa Barbara Santa Clara Santa CNE Shasta -X -X Si era Siskiyou X X Solano Sonoma X Stani sl aus Sutter Tehama Trinity X Tuiare

Tuolumne X Veniura YO10 Yuba County Records of California Stoneflies

Alpine Amador

X Cdaveras Colusa X Contra Costa Del Norte X -X -X X Glenn - -X 1:;bddt Imperial 1 - Kern Kings X X Lake Lassen xx X X Madera -X -X Mann > X Mendocino - Merced xx xx ,

IX Nevada

xx Plumas

Sacramento X San Benito San Bernardino

San Francisco

Sanra Barbara

Santa Cruz x Shasra X Sierra Siski you solan0 X Sonoma Stanislaus Sutter Tehama X Trinity Tulare x x Tuolumne Venrura YO10 Yuba

INDEX TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF

STONEFLIES OF CALIFORNIA

(Synonyms are in parentheses. Principal page references are in italic type.)

abbrewiata Frsn, 147 columbiana Clsn. (Nemoura), 134, 138 Acroneuria Pict, 130, 167 coloradensis (Bks), 162, 163, 164 aestiwalis (Ndm. & Clsn.), 156 (completa Wlk), 136 dameda (Ndm. & Clsn.), 129, 155, 156 continua Bks, 162, 163, 165 Allocapnia Clsn, 126 coraNdm, 131, 132 Alloiiarcys Rick, 151 Cultus Rick, 155 Alloperla Bks, 130, 161, 168 curvata Hanson, 153, 154 (americana Klpk.), 154 ATCynOpteTyZ Klpk, 130, 153 delicata Frsn, 162 (Arsapnia Bks), 1-1.3 delicatuta Clsn, 134, 135, 136 augustaBks, 139, 140 (delta Clsn), 168 aurea Smith, 129, 153, 154 denningi Jewett, 158 autumna Hoppe, 16'4 depressaBks, 134, 135, 136 depressa Ndm. & Clsn., 167 badia (Hag), 151 Despada Rick, 139 bakeri (Bks), 142, 143 diversa Frsn, 162, 166 barbara (Ndm), 153 divisi Hitch, 135, 137, 141, 168 barberi Clsn, 142, 143 Diura Billberg, 158 (bunksi Ndm. & Clsn.), 150 Doddsia Ndm. & Clsn., 14.8 besametsa Rick, 129,133, 134,135, 136 Dolkrila Rick, 153, 153 bilobaclsn, 134, 135 (dubia Frsn), 163 borealis (Bks), 129, 162, 163, 164 Brachyptera Nwpt, 125, 130, 14% ebria(Hag), 157, 158, 159 (bradleyi Clsn), 141 elongata Clsn, 143, 144 btesicauda (Clsn), 129, 142, 147 enatus (Clsn), 155 brevis Bks, 131 Eucapnopsis Okamoto, 130, 147 excavata Clsn, 142, 145 californica (Bks), 167 californica Clsn. (Capnia), 142, 144 fibula Clsn, 15'6 cdifomica Clsn. (Nemoura), 133, 134, 135 fidelis Bks, 162, 163, 164, 165 californica (Ndm. & Clsn.), 148, 149 forcipata Frsn, 140, 141 californica Nwpt, 151, 152 fratema Frsn, 162, 164, 165 Calineura Rick, 167 frigidaclsn, 132, 133, 134, 138 Calliperla Bks, 130, 157, 158 frontalis (Bks), 161 campanula Jewett, 131 filva Clsn, 158, 159 Capnia Pict, 126, 129, 148 (fumigata Clsn.), 1.47 (cascadensis Hoppe), 159 cataractae Neave, 132, 133, 134, 137 glabra Clsn. (Capnia), 143, 145 chandleri Jewett, 162 (glabra Clsn). (Nemoura), 136 Chernokrilus Rick, 153, 155 (glabra Clsn). (Leuctra), 1-40 chilnualna Rick, 16 1, 166 gracilaria Clsn, 143, 144, 145 (chrysannula Hoppe), 159 grandis (Bks), 147 cinctipes Bks, 132, 133, 134, 137 grinnelli (Bks), 148, 149 claasseni Frsn, 188, 127 collaris Bks, 137, 141 Hastaperla Rick, 130, 161, 166 colubrinus Hag, 153 haysi Rick, 133, 134, 138 colum biana Clsn. (Capnia), 133, 134, 138, 142 Hesperopeda Bks, 167 143, 14-1. 176 INDEX infuscata Clsn, 139, 1.40 Perlinodes Ndm. & Clsn, 153 (insipida Hoppe), 159 Perlornyia Bks, 129, 139, 141 intempta Clsn, 133 pilatus (Frsn), 156 Isocapnia Bks, 129, 130, 147 pinta Frsn, 157, 160 lsogenoides Klpk, 15.9, 153 pintada Rick, 162, 166 Isogenus Nwm, 130, 152, 153, 154, 155 Podmosta Rick, 134, 135 IsoperlaBks, 130, 153, 157 porrecta Jewett, 143, 144, 1.45 princeps Bks, 151, 152 Kathroperla Bks, 130, 161 producta Clsn, 132, 135, 137 (kincaidi Hoppe), 150 projecta Frsn, 129, 143, 144, 145 knoultoni Frsn, 152 promota Frsn, 143, 144, 146 Kogotus Rick, 155 Prostoia Rick, 134, 135 proteus Nwm, 151 Leuctra Steph, 129, 139 Pteronarcella Bks, 130, 151 lineata Hanson, 143, 144, l'45 Pteronarcys Nwm, 126, 130, 151 lineosa Bks, 16.4 (pumita Bks), 168 (lobata Frsn), 135 luctuosa (Bks), 158 quadrispinula Jewett, 131 quadrituberosa Hitch, 143, 146 maculata Jewett, 142, 145 quinpuepunctata (Bks), 160 Malenka Rick, 132, 136 mariana Rick, 132 raynoria (Clsn), 148, 150 marionae Hitch, 132, 134, 136, 168 regularis (Hag), 151, 152 mannorata(Ndm. & Clsn), 158, 159 Rickera Jewett, 157, 158 maura(Pict), 125, 128, 148, 151 Megaleuctra Neave, 139 SaraClsn, 125, 140, 141 Megarcys Klpk, 153 Sierraperla Jewett, 131 mormmaBks, 157, 159 Sktcala Frsn, 153 Moselia Rick, 139 (sobrina Frsn), 142 Soliperta Rick, 131 NemouraPict, 126, 128, 132, 134 (solitaria Frsn), 142 nevadensis Clsn, 132, 133, 135, 136 sordida (Bks), 157, 158, 160 nigripennis (Bks), 148, 149 sorp-ptus (Ndm. & Clsn), 154, 155 nigrosoma Bks, 131 Soyedina Rick, 132, 135 (nivalis Fitch), 151 (spatdata Ndm. & Clsn), 165 nonus (Ndm. & Clsn), 155, 156 spiniloba Jewett, 132, 135 spinulosa Clsn, 142, 143, 146 occidentdis (Bks) (Brachyptera), 148, 149 subtruncata (Hanson), 153 occidentalis Bks. (Leuctra), 139, 140, 141 Succallia Rick, 162 oregonensis Clsn, 133, 134, 138 Scceltsa Rick, 162 Oroperla Ndm, 153 Osobenus Rick, 153, 154 Taenionema Bks, 148 Taeniopteyx Pict, 130 pacifica Bks. (Acroneuria), 129, 167, 168 tmalpa Rick, 162, 163, 166 pacifica (Bks) (Alloperla), 162,163,164,165 teresaclsn, 142, 143, 146 pacifica Bks. (Brachyptera), 148, 150 theodora Ndm. & Clsn, 167 pallida (Bks), 148, 150 thujae Rick, 147, 148 . pallidula (Bks), 162, 163, 164 thyra Ndm. 8t Smith, 131 (pallidwa Clsn), 150 lostonus Rick, 155, 156 Paraleuctra Hanson, 139 townesi Rick, 162, 163, 166 patullela (Frsn), 153, 154 trictuTa (Hoppe), 157, 160 Paraperla Bks, 130, 161 Triznaka Rick, 162 patriciaFrsn, 128, 158, 159, 160 (tuberculata Frsn), 137 Peltoperla Ndm, 131 tumida Clsn, 143, 146 perdita Bks, 129, 161 INDEX 177 umppuaFrsn, 143, 144, 146 vivipara (Clsn), 126 utuhensis Ndh. & Clsn, 129, 142 yakirnae (Hoppe), 155, 156 (vagans Smith), 154 Yoraperla Rick, 130 vanduzeei (Clsn), 148, 150 yosemite Ndm. & Clsn, 15.3 (venosaNdm. & Clsn), 155 venusta Jewett, 158 ZapadaRick, 132, 134 Visoka Rick, 132, 134