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Revue Internationale D'écologie Méditerranéenne International Journal of Mediterranean Ecology Revue Internationale D'éc ecologia mediterranea Tome 29 fascicule 2, 2003 ISSN 0153-8756 SOMMAIRE – CONTENTS Y. M. AL-SODANY, M. N. SHEHATA & K. H. SHALTOUT Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. 125 M. A. EL-SHEIKH, M. E. MADY & K. H. SHALTOUT Vegetation analysis of the down-stream part of Wadi Gaza, Palestine . 139 29 fascicule 2, 2003 Tome L. M. M. BIDAK Interpreting germination results based on seed size, mass and ecological correlates under laboratory and uniform environments. 153 LOTFI ABDALLAH, MOHAMED CHAIEB ET EDOUARD LE FLOC’H Potentiel hydrique et phénologie de deux arbustes de la Tunisie saharienne . 165 ABBAD A., EL HADRAMI A. & BENCHAABANE A. Phenotypic and phenological behaviours of clones of three natural populations of Atriplex halimus L. grownin a common garden . 179 Y. Z AOUALI, C. MESSAOUD & M. BOUSSAÏD Diversité génétique des populations naturelles de Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) en Tunisie . 199 MARCEL BARBERO Notice de la carte de la végétation du Parc national du Mercantour au 1/100 000 . 217 FAITS DE CONSERVATION EN MÉDITERRANÉE MEDITERRANEAN CONSERVATION NEWS . 249 ANALYSES D’OUVRAGES. 261 RevueRevue internationaleinternationale d’écologied’écologie méditerranéenneméditerranéenne Tome 29 InternationalInternational JournalJournal Revue indexée dans Pascal-CNRS et Biosis Fascicule 2, 2003 ecologia mediterranea ISSN 0153-8756 ofof MediterraneanMediterranean EcologyEcology ecologia mediterranea Revue internationale d’écologie méditerranéenne International Journal of Mediterranean Ecology Tome 29 • Fascicule 2 • 2003 Rédacteur en chef • Managing editor Secrétariat • Secretariat FRÉDÉRIC MÉDAIL MICHELLE DOUGNY Rédacteurs • Editors LAURENCE AFFRE PHILIP ROCHE THIERRY DUTOIT THIERRY TATONI JÉRÔME ORGEAS ERIC V IDAL Fondateur • Founder PROFESSEUR PIERRE QUÉZEL Comité de lecture • Advisory board ARONSON J., CEFE-CNRS, Montpellier MARGARIS N. S., University of the Aegean, Mytilène, Grèce BARBERO M., IMEP, Université Aix-Marseille III OVALLE C., CSI-Quilamapu, INIA, Chili BEAULIEU J.-L. DE, IMEP, Université Aix-Marseille III PEDROTTI F., Universita degli Studi, Camerino, Italie BROCK M., University of New England, Armidale, Australie PLEGUEZUELOS J. M., Université de Grenade, Espagne CHEYLAN M., EPHE, Montpellier PONEL P. , I MEP, CNRS, Marseille DEBUSSCHE M., CEFE-CNRS, Montpellier PRODON R., EPHE, Montpellier FADY B., INRA, Avignon RIDCHARSON D. M., University Cape Town, Afrique du Sud GRILLAS P., Station biologique Tour du Valat, Arles GUIOT J., CEREGE-CNRS, Aix-en-Provence SANS F. X., Université de Barcelone, Espagne HOBBS R. J., CSIRO, Midland, Australie SHMIDA A., Hebrew University of Jérusalem, Israël KREITER S., ENSA-M-INRA, Montpellier TROUMBIS A., University of the Aegean Mytilene, Grèce LE FLOC’H E., CEFE-CNRS, Montpellier URBINATI C., Agripolis, Legnaro, Italie Ecologia mediterranea Faculté des sciences et techniques de Saint-Jérôme Institut méditerranéen d’écologie et de paléoécologie, case 461 F-13997 Marseille, cédex 20, France Tél. : + 33 04 91 28 85 35 – Fax : + 33 04 91 28 80 51 email : [email protected] – URL : http://www.ecologia.fst.u-3mrs.fr Éditions Édisud La Calade, 3120 route d’Avignon, 13090 Aix-en-Provence Tél. : 00 33 04 42 21 61 44 – Fax : 00 33 04 42 21 56 20 email : http://www.edisud.com – Internet : [email protected] © Édisud, 2003, tous droits réservés. Abonnements • Subscription (contacter Edisud) Un an : 2 numéros • One year : 2 issues — France : 61 € + 9,12 € de frais de port — Europe : 61 € + 12,2 € de frais de port — Amérique, Afrique, Asie : 61 € + 18,3 € de frais de port ISSN 0153-8756 ecologia mediterranea Revue internationale d’écologie méditerranéenne International Journal of Mediterranean Ecology Tome 29 • Fascicule 2 • 2003 Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya Organisation de la végétation le long d’un gradient altitudinal dans le Jbel Al-Akhdar, Libye Y. M. Al-Sodany1, M. N. Shehata2 & K. H. Shaltout3 1. Biological & Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education at Kafr El-Sheikh, Tanta University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt 2. Botany Department, Faculty of Science at Banha, Zagazig University, Banha, Egypt 3. Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt Abstract Résumé Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar is an upland region which lies at the northeast Le jbel Al-Akhdar représente une région de montagne située au nord-est part of Libya, in Cyrenaic. The study area is an N-S transect of about de la Libye, en Cyrénaïque. Le secteur d’étude s’étend selon un transect 125 30 km between El-Hamamah (near the sea level: 33º 53´ N and 21º nord-sud d’environ 30 kilomètres, entre El-Hamamah (près du niveau 39´ E) to El-Bydda in the south (600 m above the sea level: 33º 17´ de la mer : 33º 53’N et 21º 39’E) et El-Bydda au sud (600 m au- N and 21º 50´ E). This area is characterized by a wide physiographic dessus du niveau de la mer : 33º 17’N et 21º 50’E). Ce secteur se variation that leads to distinguish of many habitats such as coastal saline caractèrise par une variation physiographique importante qui conduit sand flats, sand dunes, sand flats and hills, and inland plateau with à distinguer beaucoup d’habitats tels que les étendues sablonneuses et terraces and wadis. 165 stands were sampled to analyze the vegetation salées de la côte, les dunes de sable, les escarpements et les collines de of this area. 119 plant species were recorded (43 annuals and 76 peren- sable, et le plateau interne comportant des terrasses et des oueds. 165 nials) including six endemic species. The composites have the highest relevés ont été effectués pour analyser l’organisation de la végétation de contribution to the total flora, followed by the grasses and legumes. The ce secteur. 119 espèces végétales ont été recensées (43 annuelles et 76 application of two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) resul- pérennes) dont six espèces endémiques. Les composées ont la contribu- ted in agglomerating of 30 vegetation groups at the level seven and six tion la plus élevée vis à vis de toute la flore, suivies par les graminées major ones at the levels three and two of this classification: Juniperus et les légumineuses. L’application de l’analyse bi-directionnelle d’espèces phoenicea – Sarcopoterium spinosum that occupies a wide elevation indicatrices (TWINSPAN) aboutit à l’agglomération de 30 groupes de gradient, Crucianella maritima – Suaeda vermiculata along the seaward végétation au niveau sept et six : la communauté à Juniperus phoenicea direction of the coastal hills, Retama raetam in the coastal sand flats, – Sarcopoterium spinosum qui occupe un gradient altitudinal impor- Pancratium maritimum – Ammophila arenaria in the coastal sand tant, la communauté à Crucianella maritima – Suaeda vermiculata dunes, Cichorium spinosum and Limoniastrum monopetalum in the des collines côtières soumises aux influences marines, la communauté saline sand flats of the coastal plain. The application of the detrended à Retama raetam des étendues sablonneuses côtières, la communauté à correspondence analysis (DECORANA) indicates reasonable segregation Pancratium maritimum – Ammophila arenaria des dunes de sable, et between these vegetation groups. Juniperus phoenicea – Sarcopoterium la communauté à Cichorium spinosum et Limoniastrum monopetalum spinosum group is the most prominent vegetation type in the study area des étendues sablonneuses et salées de la plaine côtière. L’application de (i.e. Mediterranean matorrals) where its diversity and cover increases l’analyse de correspondance de type DECORANA indique une ségréga- with elevation reaching the Mediterranean forests at the highest elevated tion correcte entre ces divers groupes de communautés. La communauté sub-humid zones. à Juniperus phoenicea – Sarcopoterium spinosum (i.e. les matorrals méditerranéens) constitue le type de végétation le plus fréquent dans la Key-words zone d’étude ; ces matorrals se caractérisent par une augmentation de la diversité et du recouvrement parallèlement avec l’altitude, et ils entrent Mediterranean region, Libya, Cyrenaic, matorrals, vegetation classifica- au contact des forêts méditerranéennes dans les secteurs sub-humides de tion, ordination, plant diversity, phytogeography. plus haute altitude. Mots-clés Région méditerranéenne, Libye, Cyrénaïque, matorrals, classification de la végétation, ordination, diversité végétale, phytogéographie. ecologia mediterranea, tome 29, fascicule 2, 2003, p. 125-138 ◆ Y. M. AL-SODANY, M. N. SHEHATA & K. H. SHALTOUT INTRODUCTION marine accumulation and three main habitats can be dis- tinguished: saline sand flats, sand dunes (up to 50 m high) Numerous studies had been published on the flora and sand flats. The coastal hills (up to 100 m high) are of Libya, but few have dealt with its vegetation. Earlier generally confined to marginal parts of the coastal plain. studies are those of Maire (1952-1977), Keith (1965), It is possible to distinguishe a seaward direction where Boulos (1971) on the wild trees and shrubs of Libya and the soil is shallow and the rocky substratum, sometimes Boulos (1972) that presented a bibliography on the flora is not covered by any soil except in notches and crevices, and vegetation of this country. On the other hand, seve- and a leeward direction which is covered by a relative ral check-lists of Libyan flora have been published such thin mantle of alluvial deposits and slightly dissected by as Boulos (1977, 1979a, b). Greuter et al. (1984, 1986, water runnels. 1989) made a partial inventory of vascular plants of the The inland plateau was formed as a result of tectonic circum-Mediterranean countries including the flora of elevation of the primary plain of marine accumulation. Libya. Scholz (1974) made an exhaustive study on the The marginal parts of the plateau have a deep erosional grasses of Libya, Ali and Jafri (1976), Jafri and El-Gadi dissection which adds to the relief features of the moun- (1978), Pratov and El-Gadi (1980), Qaiser and El-Gadi tainous. The plateau appears in the form of three steps (1984) and El-Gadi (1988) studied the floristic compo- (terraces): the first is up to 400 m above the sea level at 126 sition of the pasture zone of the Libyan Jamahiraya.
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