Speakers' Abstracts & Bios
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The DIR Philosophy
7KH',53KLORVRSK\ By Jarrod Jablonski A good SCUBA equipment configuration needs to support all of your diving whether that be an open water dive or a penetration dive inside a wreck or a multi-stage cave dive. The configuration must be able to adapt in such a fashion that the addition of items necessary for each dive does not in any way interfere with or change the core aspects. Diving with the same basic configuration allows the same response to emergency at all times while reducing task-loading due to familiarity . In other words, a good gear configuration not only helps solve problems, it prevents them. By achieving a configuration which is streamlined and comfortable to dive with, you will experience diving with reduction in stress and task-loading thus increasing your enjoyment. Strive to achieve a attitude where you NEVER accept any equipment situation where your own standards are compromised. Correct any equipment configuration problems immediately as opposed to waiting until the next dive. Few aspects of cave diving engender biased convictions like the topic of equipment configuration. Different people diving in different environments often reach very different conclusions. This tremendous diversity often surprises the new cave diver who usually expects that there will be a consensus among the "professionals." In fact, this diversity has been known to initiate rather energetic disagreements and while cave diving has undergone some significant changes during the last roughly 50 years of its evolution, few aspects of the sport remain more hotly contested than gear configuration. Perhaps because one's equipment is often a rather personal choice and people are prone to take offense when their decisions are challenged. -
Aquarius Fact Sheet
Fact Sheet: 2019 Designer: Perry Submarine Builders (Florida) Construction: Victoria Machine Works (Texas); start: 1986 | complete: 1987 Estimated construction cost: $5.5M Operational Timeline: St. Croix Deployment: Deployment in Salt River Canyon, St. Croix: 1987 Owner: NOAA Operator: Farleigh Dickenson University Interim Period: Recovered: 1990 by the University of North Carolina Wilmington Refurbished: 1990-1993 at North Carolina State Ports, Wilmington, NC Owner: NOAA Operator: University of North Carolina Wilmington Florida Keys Deployment: Initial deployment on Conch Reef, Florida Keys: 1993 (baseplate deployed 1992) Recovered for refurbishment: 1996-1998 - Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Ft. Pierce, FL Redeployment on Conch Reef, Florida Keys: 1998 – present Owner: NOAA: 1986-2014; Florida International University: 2014 – present Operator: FDU: 1987-1989; UNCW: 1990-2012; Florida International University: 2013 - present Aquarius Siting: Conch Reef, Florida Keys (Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary): Distance From Islamorada shore base: 15.4 km (8.5 nm) Distance offshore: 9 km (5.4 nm) Hatch depth/storage depth: 14 m (46 fsw) 35 psi Depth of bottom directly below Aquarius: 18 m (60 fsw) (updated: 09.15.19) Habitat Specifications: Aquarius weight: 82-ton double-lock pressure vessel Baseplate weight: 120 tons Dimensions: 14-meters long by 3-meters in diameter (46 ft x 10 ft) Crew: 4 scientists and 2 technicians Amenities: kitchen facilities that include a microwave, instant hot water dispenser, refrigerator, sink, dining -
Ecological and Socio-Economic Impacts of Dive
ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF DIVE AND SNORKEL TOURISM IN ST. LUCIA, WEST INDIES Nola H. L. Barker Thesis submittedfor the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science Environment Department University of York August 2003 Abstract Coral reefsprovide many servicesand are a valuableresource, particularly for tourism, yet they are suffering significant degradationand pollution worldwide. To managereef tourism effectively a greaterunderstanding is neededof reef ecological processesand the impactsthat tourist activities haveon them. This study explores the impact of divers and snorkelerson the reefs of St. Lucia, West Indies, and how the reef environmentaffects tourists' perceptionsand experiencesof them. Observationsof divers and snorkelersrevealed that their impact on the reefs followed certainpatterns and could be predictedfrom individuals', site and dive characteristics.Camera use, night diving and shorediving were correlatedwith higher levels of diver damage.Briefings by dive leadersalone did not reducetourist contactswith the reef but interventiondid. Interviewswith tourists revealedthat many choseto visit St. Lucia becauseof its marineprotected area. Certain site attributes,especially marine life, affectedtourists' experiencesand overall enjoyment of reefs.Tourists were not alwaysable to correctly ascertainabundance of marine life or sedimentpollution but they were sensitiveto, and disliked seeingdamaged coral, poor underwatervisibility, garbageand other tourists damagingthe reef. Some tourists found sitesto be -
Sylvia Earle Background Information
Sylvia Earle Background Information Birth and Childhood Home She was born in Gibbs town, NJ on August 30, 1935. Her early childhood years were on a farm where there were many woods to explore. One of her favorite places was a pond. Her parent, particularly her mother was very influential in teaching her respect for animals. She always emphasized putting animals back where they were found after observing them. Sylvia took notes as a young child on the things that she observed. They also taught her not to fear the unknown. Horseshoe Crab Story Sylvia as a little girl at the beach was curious about the horseshoe crabs and how they moved. She was also concerned that they were stranded on the beach. She tried to pick them up, turn them around and sent them back to the ocean, not realizing that they were coming up on shore to lay their eggs and that she was really interfering with their mating. (see additional notes on horseshoe crabs) Reading As a child she liked to read. She liked science fiction, fairy tales, and animal stories. As she got a little older, she found that she liked non-fiction books even better. One of her favorite books was by William Beebe name Half Mile Down. He wrote about going down in the ocean in a vehicle like a submarine. In her book Sea Change and some of her other writings and interviews she refers to it frequently. After reading that book she started reading more non-fiction books and began liking the encyclopedia. -
Modern-Day Explorers
UT] O B A THINK O MODERN-DAY EXPLORERS Who are the men and women who are conquering the unthinkable? They walk among us, seemingly normal, but undertake feats of extreme adventure and live to tell the tale… METHING T SO Alex Honnold famous free soloist [ LEWIS PUGH RHYMES with “whew” “...he couldn’t feel his fingertips for CROSSROADS four months!” The funniest line in Lewis Pugh’s recently-released memoir, 21 Yaks and a Speedo: How to achieve your impossible (Jonathan Ball Publishers) is when he says, “I’m not a rule-breaker by nature.” The British-South African SAS reservist and endurance swimmer is a regular in the icy waters of the Arctic and Antarctic ALEX HONNOLD oceans. He’s swum long-distance in every ocean in the world and GIVES ROCKS By Margot Bertelsmann holds several world records, perhaps most notably the record of being the first person to swim 500 metres freestyle in the Finnish World Winter Swimming Championships (the usual distance is 25 “...if you fall, you’ll likely die (and metres breaststroke) – wearing only a Speedo. He also swam a near-unimaginable 1000 metres in -1.7°C waters near the North many free soloists have).” Pole, after which he couldn’t feel his fingertips for four months! When he’s not breaking endurance records, Lewis tours the When your appetite for the thrill of danger is as large as globe speaking about his passion: conserving our oceans and 27-year-old Alex Honnold’s, you’d better find a 600 metres- water, climate change and global warming. -
Observations on the Reproductive Cycles of Some Viviparous North American Sharks
aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology Observations on the reproductive cycles of some viviparous North American sharks José I. Castro NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center at Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, Florida 34236, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Received: 07 July 2009 – Accepted: 23 September 2009 Abstract gleicher Vitellogenese und Trächtigkeit sowie kontinuier- The reproductive cycle of sharks is defined by how often licher Ovulation. Squalus acanthias zeigt den dornhai-typis- a species breeds and consists of two periods: vitellogenesis chen zweijährigen Fortpflanzungszyklus mit parallel and gestation. These two periods can run concurrently or laufender Vitellogenese und Trächtigkeit. Die Haie der Gat- consecutively, and the duration of each period is variable. tungen Carcharhinus, Sphyrna (teilweise) und Ginglymostoma Together, the periods of vitellogenesis and gestation deter- bekommen alle zwei Jahre Nachwuchs, Dottereinlagerung mine the length of the reproductive cycle. The genera Rhi- und Trächtigkeit folgen aufeinander. Bei Galeocerdo cuvier im zoprionodon, Mustelus, and some Sphyrna exhibit annual West-Atlantik dauert die Trächtigkeit 12 Monate, der Zyklus cycles with concurrent vitellogenesis and gestation, and insgesamt dürfte zweijährig sein. Carcharhinus obscurus hat thus, they produce one brood each year. Carcharias taurus eine 18-monatige Trächtigkeitsphase und wahrscheinlich females apparently have a biennial reproductive cycle with einen dreijährigen Fort pflan zungszyklus. Der zweijährige discontinuous ovulation. Alopias spp. exhibit an annual Zyklus mit den verschiedenen Varianten kommt also bei cycle with concurrent vitellogenesis and gestation, and have Haien unterschiedlicher stammesgeschichtlicher Herkunft continuous ovulation. Squalus acanthias has a squaloid vor, so bei Angehörigen von Carcharhinus, Squalus und Orec- biennial cycle with concurrent vitellogenesis and gestation. -
Doing It Right
Doing It Right: The Fundamentals of Better Diving Doing It Right: The Fundamentals This book was written for anyone who wants to get the most out of their diving. From augmenting dive safety to increasing the enjoyment of your family’s Caribbean diving trip or planning deep cave exploration, DIR diving is the new foundation for all diving practices. This book outlines not only the essential skills and techniques constituting sound diving practice but also the central elements of a holistic approach to diving. “Jarrod Jablonski’s “Doing It Right” is an outstanding text on equipment configuration, bridging the gap between sound conventional diving and technical diving within all environments.” Tim O’Leary, Bruce Wienke NAUI Technical Training Operations “Now there is one great starting place for the information, skills and methods that, when used as intended, should not only eliminate the ‘accidents’ in diving, but should make anyone’s diving more successful and above all Doing It Right: more enjoyable.” George Irvine, Project Director The Fundamentals of Better Diving Woodville Karst Plain Project Jarrod Jablonski “DIR has taken volumes of SCUBA principles and improved upon them. At the core of DIR and GUE methodologies is the discriminating diver– a person who has a clear perspective on his or her role in dive exploration, and one who will eagerly embrace sound diving practices.” Tec Clark, Associate Director YMCA SCUBA Program Global Underwater Explorers Jarrod Jablonski is the president/founder of Global Underwater Explorers and the CEO of Halcyon and Extreme Exposure diving equip- ment. Actively involved in dive research, education, and underwater motion picture production, his exploration work includes dives to nearly four miles from the nearest air source (19,000 feet) at a depth of 300 feet, resulting in several world record accom- plishments. -
Sinking of the RMS Lusitania 1 Sinking of the RMS Lusitania
Sinking of the RMS Lusitania 1 Sinking of the RMS Lusitania Sinking of the RMS Lusitania 1915 painting of the sinking. Date 7 May 1915 Time 14:10 – 14:28 Location North Atlantic Ocean, near Old Head of Kinsale, Ireland Cause Torpedoed by German U-boat. Outcome • 1,198 of the 1,959 people aboard killed, leaving 761 survivors. • Turned international opinion against Germany and led towards American entry into World War I. The sinking of the Cunard ocean liner RMS Lusitania occurred on 7 May 1915 during the First World War, as Germany waged submarine warfare against Britain. The ship was identified and torpedoed by the German U-boat U-20 and sank in 18 minutes. The vessel went down 11 miles (18 km) off the Old Head of Kinsale,[1] Ireland, killing 1,198 of the 1,959 people aboard, leaving 761 survivors. The sinking turned public opinion in many countries against Germany, contributed to the American entry into World War I and became an iconic symbol in military recruiting campaigns of why the war was being fought.[2] Lusitania had the misfortune to fall victim to torpedo attack relatively early in the First World War, before tactics for evading submarines were properly implemented or understood. The contemporary investigations both in the UK and the United States into the precise causes of the ship's loss were obstructed by the needs of wartime secrecy and a propaganda campaign to ensure all blame fell upon Germany. Argument over whether the ship was a legitimate military target raged back and forth throughout the war as both sides made misleading claims about the ship. -
Secrets of Melanesia EXPEDITION
11 DAY Secrets of Melanesia EXPEDITION 2013 Departures 24 October 2013 245 Blenheim Road, Christchurch Tel: 03 963 7000 Email: [email protected] www.hcbtravel.co.nz ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… A once-in-a-lifetime experience southern Santa Isabel. Here the rhythms of life continue little changed, with daily life centered around the village and family. The Sail into a world that few have ever experienced, idyllic islands and multitude of inlets, channels and bays provide numerous isolated villages where unique time-honored traditions and elaborately opportunities for divers to experience the thrill of a ―first‖ dive. costumed dancers welcome us into their world. Sail from Honiara, the capital of the Solomon Islands, to discover the beauty of the outer Day 3: Malaita Solomon Islands. Relax as our ship glides into secluded bays, and Mountainous Malaita is home to one-third of the Solomon’s total takes us to remote oceanic islands where the art of traditional population, with pristine rivers and unexploited tropical forests. An- navigation lives today. In Vanuatu, search for endemic bird species or choring in one of the harbours on the western side of the island, we’ll dive one of the world’s most famous wrecks and discover hidden spend the day ashore, including a visit to Langa Langa Lagoon, fa- worlds, islands picture post card beautiful but yet to be discovered. mous for its artificial islands. An excursion into the hills behind Auki provides good chances of sighting birds endemic to Malaita. The For birders this itinerary offers once in a lifetime species on remote island is culturally rich, with shark worship common on the western islands where few have been before. -
Guide to the Martin Klein Collection
Guide to The Martin Klein Collection The Francis Russell Hart Nautical Collections Compiled by Anna Britton The Francis Russell Hart Nautical Collection MIT Museum Cambridge, Massachusetts 1 © 2019 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced without written permission of the publisher. Published by The MIT Museum 265 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 Acknowledgments 4 Biographical Note 5 Scope and Content 6 Series Description I: Technical Literature and Archival Material 7 Series Description II: Manuals 27 Series Description III: Slides 30 Appendix A: Artifacts 37 Appendix B: Sonar and Personal Files 38 Appendix C: Reference Books 40 Appendix D: Interviews and Transcripts 44 Acknowledgments The MIT Museum wishes to thank Martin Klein for his long service to the MIT Museum as a member of the Collections Committee and for his interest in assisting the Museum to acquire significant collections documenting undersea sensing technologies. Klein’s own extensive professional and personal collection of archives and slides is the core collection defined in this guide. 3 We also acknowledge Martin Klein’s major support in providing resources to catalog and digitize substantial elements of the Martin Klein Collection. He has also maintained a keen interest in the work and advised on priorities for digitization. The majority of the collection was processed and entered in the Museum’s database by Freya Levett between 2016 and 2017. Additional archival materials were digitized and added to the database by Anna Britton from 2018 to 2019. Anna Britton organized and compiled the content in this guide based on her knowledge of the collection, its database records, and related materials not yet cataloged. -
WRECK DIVING™ ...Uncover the Past Magazine
WRECK DIVING™ ...uncover the past Magazine Graf Zeppelin • La Galga • Mystery Ship • San Francisco Maru Scapa Flow • Treasure Hunting Part I • U-869 Part III • Ville de Dieppe WRECK DIVING MAGAZINE The Fate of the U-869 Reexamined Part III SanSan FranciscoFrancisco MaruMaru:: TheThe MillionMillion DollarDollar WreckWreck ofof TRUKTRUK LAGOONLAGOON Issue 19 A Quarterly Publication U-869 In In our previousour articles, we described the discovery and the long road to the identification ofU-869 off the The Fate Of New Jersey coast. We also examined the revised histories issued by the US Coast Guard Historical Center and the US Naval Historical Center, both of which claimed The U-869 the sinking was a result of a depth charge attack by two US Navy vessels in 1945. The conclusion we reached was that the attack by the destroyers was most likely Reexamined, Part on the already-wrecked U-869. If our conclusion is correct, then how did the U-869 come to be on the III bottom of the Atlantic? The Loss of the German Submarine Early Theories The most effective and successful branch of the German By John Chatterton, Richie Kohler, and John Yurga Navy in World War II was the U-boat arm. Hitler feared he would lose in a direct confrontation with the Royal Navy, so the German surface fleet largely sat idle at anchor. Meanwhile, the U-boats and their all- volunteer crews were out at sea, hunting down enemy vessels. They sank the merchant vessels delivering the Allies’ much-needed materials of war, and even were able to achieve some success against much larger enemy warships. -
Complete Issue
EDITORIAL EDITORIAL Indexing the Journal of Cave and Karst Studies: The beginning, the ending, and the digital era IRA D. SASOWSKY Dept. of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-4101, tel: (330) 972-5389, email: [email protected] In 1984 I was a new graduate student in geology at Penn NSS. The effort took about 2,000 hours, and was State. I had been a caver and an NSS member for years, published in 1986 by the NSS. and I wanted to study karst. The only cave geology course I With the encouragement of Editor Andrew Flurkey I had taken was a 1-week event taught by Art Palmer at regularly compiled an annual index that was included in Mammoth Cave. I knew that I had to familiarize myself the final issue for each volume starting in 1987. The with the literature in order to do my thesis, and that the Bulletin went through name changes, and is currently the NSS Bulletin was the major outlet for cave and karst Journal of Cave and Karst Studies (Table 1). In 1988 I related papers (Table 1). So, in order to ‘‘get up to speed’’ I began using a custom-designed entry program called SDI- undertook to read every issue of the NSS Bulletin, from the Soft, written by Keith Wheeland, which later became his personal library of my advisor, Will White, starting with comprehensive software package KWIX. A 5-year compi- volume 1 (1940). When I got through volume 3, I realized lation index (volumes 46–50) was issued by the NSS in that, although I was absorbing a lot of the material, it 1991.