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Gynandromorphus Etruscus (Quensel, 1806) Neu Für Mitteleuropa (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

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Gynandromorphus Etruscus (Quensel, 1806) Neu Für Mitteleuropa (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Gynandromorphus etruscus (Quensel, 1806) neu für Mitteleuropa (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Wolfgang Paill Abstract: Gynandromorphus etruscus (Quensel, 1806) new for Central Europe - The carabid beetle Gy- nandromorphus etruscus (Quensel, 1806) is recorded in Central Europe (Austria) for the first time. One individual of this conspicuous species was found in a meadow near Heiligenkreuz in Burgenland by pitfall trapping. 1 Einleitung Gynandromorphus ist ein der Gattung Diachromus nahe stehender, ebenfalls monotypischer Vertreter der Harpalini. Das in Europa vorkommende Taxon Gynandromorphus etruscus (Quensel, 1806) lässt sich von Diachromus germanus (Linné, 1758) anhand mehrerer deutlicher Merkmale, wie den breit verrun- deten Halsschild-Hinterecken, leicht unterscheiden (siehe Abb. 1). Entgegen den Angaben im Katalog der paläark- tischen Coleopteren (Ito 2003) ist Gynandromor- phus etruscus bisher weder aus den Beneluxländern, Polen, Deutschland noch Österreich nachgewiesen. Allerdings reicht nach bisherigem Kenntnisstand das Areal der südeuropäisch-anatolischen Art (unter Aus- schluss des mittelasiatischen, je nach taxonomischer Interpretation subspezifischen oder spezifischen Ta- xons Gynandromorphus peyroni Carret, 1905) mit einem historischen Nachweis aus Mosonmagyaróvár nahe an die österreichische Grenze und damit an Mitteleuropa i. e. S. heran. Aus dem Mittelmeer- raum strahlt Gynandromorphus etruscus nordwärts bis Nordwestungarn, Norditalien und Nordostfran- kreich aus, ist hier jedoch diskontinuierlich verbreitet und selten (z. B. Csiki 1946; Magistretti 1965; Horvatovich 1994; Ratti & al. 1998; Coulon & al. 2000). 2 Material, Fundortbeschrei- bung Im Südburgenland (Österreich, Burgenland, S Heiligenkreuz im Lafnitztal, Neu-Heiligenkreuz, 46° 58´ N, 16° 16´ E, 220 m, 4. 6. –11. 7. 2006) konnte im Zuge einer Beprobung mit Hilfe von Bodenfallen ein weibliches Individuum der für Österreich und Mitteleuropa neuen Art aufgefunden werden. Am Abb. 1: Habitus von Gynandromorphus etruscus (Foto: O. Bleich) Angewandte Carabidologie 9 (2010): 7–9 ISSN: 2190-7862 (Internet) Abb. 2: Wechselfeucht-wechseltrockene Wiese im Lafnitztal als Lebensraum von Gynandromor- phus etruscus. (Foto: W. Paill, 4.5.2006) untersuchten Standort waren 8 Fallen (handelsüb- sen (z. B. Trautner & BrÄunicke 1997), Pterosti- liche Joghurtbecher mit einem Durchmesser von 6 chus longicollis (Duftschmid, 1812) und der erst- cm und einer Tiefe von 10 cm, gefüllt mit 5 %-igem mals sicher aus Österreich nachgewiesene Parophonus Essig und abgedeckt mit einem Kunststoffdach) über mendax (Rossi, 1790) für wechselfeuchte Rasen mit einen Zeitraum von 10 Wochen (3. 5.–11. 7. 2006 bei offenen Bodenstellen (Marggi & al. 1999; Paill dreimaliger Leerung) exponiert. Der Lebensraum ist 2009) sowie Amara tibialis (Paykull, 1798) und als wechselfeucht-wechseltrockene Wiese auf sandig- Amara fulvipes (Audinet-Serville, 1821) für ex- lehmigem Auboden mit zurzeit hohem Deckungsgrad trem austrocknende Überflutungswiesen (z. B. Sien- des Wiesen-Fuchsschwanzes (Alopecurus pratensis) zu kiewicz 2003). Jeweils dürften die durch wechseln- charakterisieren. Die nur wenige Dezimeter über dem de Feuchtigkeitsverhältnisse an der Bodenoberfläche Mittelwasser eines dauerhaft dotierten Seitengewäs- hervorgerufene Dynamik und deren Wirkungen auf sers der Lafnitz gelegene, großflächige Wiese wurde die Vegetationsstruktur mit Schaffung kleinflächig erst 2002 in einem im selben Jahr im Zuge massiver bodenoffener Rohbodenstandorte für das Vorkom- Erdbauarbeiten neu angelegten Hochwasser-Retenti- men der Arten entscheidend sein. onsraum („Szentgottgard Flood Protection Project“, Knoblauch & al. 2000) durch Einsaat etabliert. Als 3 Diskussion besondere Charakteristika wirken ein hoher Grund- wasserstand und regelmäßige Überstauungen infolge In Südeuropa zeigt sich Gynandromorphus etruscus von Überschwemmungen oder Tagwasserstau. So hinsichtlich seines ökologischen Verhaltens offenbar standen im Untersuchungsjahr Teile des Bestandes wenig anspruchsvoll. An der bulgarischen Schwarz- über mehrere Wochen im Frühjahr unter Wasser meerküste wird die Art von einem Ackerrand gemel- und wiesen im Verlauf der Auftrocknung kleinflächig det (Popov & Krusteva 1999), in der Umgebung vegetationsfreie Rohbodenstandorte auf. An diesen von Sofia kommt sie in Eichen-Hainbuchenwäldern Stellen gelang der Nachweis von Gynandromorphus vor (NiemelÄ et al. 2002) und auch in Italien zählt etruscus. Die dort herrschenden, extremen, jahres- Gynandromorphus etruscus nicht zur hygrophilen zeitlich stark wechselnden Verhältnisse werden durch Fauna (z. B. Bordoni & al. 2005), sondern wird syntope Vorkommen von überregional seltenen Lauf- für Äcker bzw. Offenlebensräume mit trockenen, käferarten mit Vorkommensschwerpunkten auf nas- sandigen Böden angegeben (z. B. Pilon & al. 1991; sen bis wechselfeuchten Grünländern dokumentiert. Ratti & al. 1998; Pizzolotto & al. 2005). Hin- Dabei stehen etwa Agonum viridicupreum (Goeze, gegen liegen Beobachtungen aus Griechenland vor 1777) für wechselfeuchte, vorübergehend nasse Wie- (Lebenbauer mündl. Mitt.), die die Fundumstände 8 Angewandte Carabidologie 9 (2010) aus dem Burgenland hinsichtlich der hohen Boden- Ito, n. (2003): Anisodactylina. – in: Löbl, i. & A. Smetana (ed.): catalogue of Palaearktic Coleoptera, Vol. 1: Archostemata, Myxophaga, feuchtigkeit und des beträchtlichen Gräseranteils be- Adephaga: 360–363; Apollo Books, Stenstrup. stätigen und auch eine ähnliche Begleitfauna belegen. knoblaucH, H., GoEkler, G. & G. HEigerth (2000): develop- Das südöstliche Österreich muss trotz faunistisch ment of a Flood Protection System by the Use of Model Tests. – 4th und tiergeographisch interessanter Lage als coleo- international conference on Hydro-Science and -Engineering, Seoul, korea, 26.-29.9.2000, 9 pp. (http://kfki.baw.de/fileadmin/conferences/ pterologisch „weißer Fleck“ gelten. Dennoch ist es ICHE/2000-Seoul; 13.2.2007) unwahrscheinlich, dass ein Vorkommen des sehr auf- MagiSTretti, M. (1965): Fauna d´italia Viii: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae, fälligen und unverwechselbaren Gynandromorphus carabidae. Catalogo topografico. – 512 S.; Edizione Calderini, Bologna. etruscus über längere Zeit unentdeckt geblieben wäre. MArggi, W., BassanGova, n. & H. Luka (1999): Pterostichus Nachdem auch ein Zufallsfund eines verflogenen (Pedius) longicollis (duftschmid, 1812) – eine neue Laufkäferart für Individuums nicht zuletzt aufgrund von syntopen die Schweiz. – Mitteilungen der Entomologischen Gesellschaft Basel 49: 113–118. Vorkommen weiterer faunistisch höchst interessanter niemelä, J., koTzE, d. J., VEnn, S., PEnev, L., SToyAnoV, i., Laufkäferarten (über die an anderer Stelle ausführ- SpencE, J., HArtley, d. & E. MEntes dE oca (2002): carabid licher berichtet werden wird) eher auszuschließen ist, beetles assemblages (coleoptera, Carabidae) across urban-rural gradi- kann der bemerkenswerte Neunachweis als weiterer ents: an international comparison. – Landscape Ecology 17: 387–401. Befund einer klimabedingten Arealexpansion einer PAill, W. (2009): Erste sichere nachweise des Laufkäfers Parophonus mendax (rossi, 1790) in Österreich (coleoptera: Carabidae). – Beiträge Wärme liebenden Art gewertet werden. Sicherlich zur Entomofaunistik 10: 135–138. wird daher auch im Neusiedlerseegebiet sowie in der PiLon, N., SciAky, R. & C. Violani (1991): La Carabidofauna di un Südslowakei, zwei entomologisch gut untersuchte biotopo ripario del corso Lombardo del Po (coleoptera, Carabidae). – Regionen, mit Nachweisen der Art in absehbarer Zeit Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 70: 59–77. zu rechnen sein. PizzoLotto, r., BrAndmayr, P. & A. MAzzEi (2005): carabid Im Sinne einer wissenschaftlich fundierten Doku- beetles in a Mediterranean region: biogeographical and ecological features. – In: Lövei, G. L. & S. Toft (ed.): European Carabidology mentation klimatisch bedingter Arealverschiebungen 2003: 243-254; Proceedings of the 11th European Carabidologist Mee- soll abschließend auf die Bedeutung faunistischer ting, Århus, July 2003, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences (DIAS) Bearbeitungen hingewiesen werden und die Proble- report 114. matik fehlerhaft recherchierter Faunenverzeichnisse, PoPoV, V. V. & I. A. Krusteva (1999): Epigeobiont animal assemblages from two landscapes of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast: relationship wie etwa von Ito (2003) vorgelegt, der eine ihm to environmental gradients, assemblage structure and biodiversity. i. unbekannte geografische Regionen bearbeitet hat, Ground beetles (coleoptera: carabidae). – Acta zoologica Bulgarica aufgezeigt werden. 51: 81–114. Ratti, E., Busato, L., dE MArTin, P. & L. zAnella (1998): i coleotteri carabidi dei colli Euganei (Veneto) (insecta, coleoptera, Dank carabidae). – Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 48 (1997): 63–78. Für die Bereitstellung der Habitus-Aufnahme danke SiEnkiewicz, P. (2003): Ground beetles (coleoptera: carabidae) of ich Dr. Ortwin Bleich. the seasonally flooded meadows in the valley of the middle course of the Warta – qualitative analysis. – Baltic Journal of Coleopterology 3: 129–136. Literatur TrAuTnEr, J. & M. Bräunicke (1997): Laufkäferzönosen an der umgestalteten Oster im Saarland. Teilergebnisse des wissenschaftlichen Bordoni, A., roccHi, S. & S. cuoco (2005): ricerche sulla cole- Begleitprogramms eines E+E-Vorhabens. – Natur und Landschaft 72: otterofauna delle zone umide della Toscana. Vi. Piana di Guasticce – 390–395. Livorno (coleoptera). – Quaderni della Stazione di Ecologia del Civico Museo di
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