ProProProjPro jjjecececectt title: Feasibility Study for TransTrans----borderborder Biosphere Reserve Osogovo Ref. N: 20072007CBCBCBCB16161616IPOIPOIPOIPO007007007007----2012012012012222----3333----047047047047
Final Report - Annexes
FAUNA
Feasibility Study for Trans-border Biosphere Reserve Osogovo
Author: Metodija Velevski
May 2015
This project is co financed by European Union through --- IPA CROSSCROSS---- BORDER PROGRAMME CCI Number 2007CB161P0007
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1 Annex For the needs of this report, published references, unpublished reports and author’s data were used as data source. The available reports were dealing with different faunistic groups, presented by country. Effort was done to unify the available information and to identify the species of greatest conservation concern, for which site-conservation approach – in this sense, possible establishment of biosphere reserve - is considered appropriate. In total, presence of about 1300 animal species is known for the geographical border of Osogovo Mountain, with number of taxonomic groups bein insufficiently studied. From this total, 1030 are invertebrates, and 271 are vertebrates (plus 63 non-breeding bird species). The fauna of Invertebrates is a mixture of species characteristic for Central Europe, (sub)Mediterranean region, northern Europe and alpine belt. Only some groups are well studied, and major gaps exist for many others. 61 molusk species are recorded, 60 of which snails. Seven of them are Balkan endemics. Spiders are well studied, and 590 species are known so far. About 60 are Balkan endemics, and some sre endemic to Osogovo Mt. One species is of Europena importance. About 20 species of dragonflies are recorded, two of which are Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. One-hundred and five orthopterans are known, 17 of which are of conservation value, and 13 are endemic. Dayly butterflies are presented with at least 120 specie, eight of wich are important. The Bulgarian part of Osogovo is Prime Butterfly Area in Europe. Finally, about 280 species of ground beetles are recorded, being among te highes value for any Balkan Mountain. One of them is on the Global red list (near threatened). Twenty species are endemic. From the vertebrate fauna (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals), about 180 species are of some conservation concern (7 threatened on the global IUCN Red List, 7 on the European IUCN Red List, 36 are listed in the Annex I of the Birds Directive, 17 in the Annex II of the Habitats Directive, 159 are enlisted on the Appendix II of the Bern Convention, and 76 on the Appendices I & II of the Bonn Convention. 178 are protected by the Bulgarian national legislation, while 72 are protected by the Macedonian national legislation. Most important regions for conservation of the fauna are the river gorges (Zletovska, Stalkovachka on Macedonian, Gryenska on Bulgarian side), the steppic-like terrains in the SW parts on the Macedonian side, and the high-mountain patures on both sides of the Mountain. Some smaller regions for specific groups/taxa are also identified. General threats include habitat loss and fragmentation, especially for forest habitats, risks of change of water regimes of rivers and ponds (catchments, construction activities), disturbance, overexploitation of forest by-products (berries), and poaching. Conservation recommendations include changes of forestry practice, tighter control of construction activities and proclamation of the most important regions as protected. Challenges are expected while implementing those conservation activities, especially with the forestry sector and tourism development, but possibilities exist to overcome the differences on long run.
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2 Assessment of the fauna and its valorization
2.1 Invertebrates – diversity and conservation The invertebrate fauna of Osogovo Mt. represents a mixture of species characteristic for the central parts of Europe, species of the Mediterranean region (penetrating through the valleys of rivers Vardar and Struma) as well as species of the alpine belts and northern Europe. There is significant number of Balkan and local endemics on Osogovo Mt., as well. The diversity of invertebrates on Osogovo Mt. will be assessed in this report and further implemented in the coming period. At the present moment, we focus on the best studied groups: mollusks, spiders, butterflies, dragonglies, orthopterans and ground beetles.
2.1.1 Mollusks (snails and shells) The first data on mollusks of Osogovo Mt. were published already in 1856 by Mousson based on the collection of Alexander Schlafl. Two more researchers published data on mollusks of Osogovo Mt. in the beginning of 20 century: Jurinic (1906) and Wohlberedt (1911) and they were later followed by many European and Bulgarian researchers. The latest and most comprehensive research was conducted by Dedov and Mitev (2012). In total, there are 61 species of mollusks recorded on Osogovo Mt.: 45 for the Bulgarian and 38 for the Macedonian part (Appendix B1). Only one of them is shell (Bivalvia) and the rest of 60 species are snails. It is important to note that the Mediterranean and Euro-siberian species are almost equally represented, by 29 and 31 species, respectively. Most of the species (16) are characteristic for beech forests on Osogovo Mt. These forests are also inhabited by a number of Balkan endemic species: Alinda biplicata michaudiana , Bulgarica serbica , Cattania haberhaueri , Tandonia kusceri , T. serbica , Vitrea ranojevici and V. bulgarica . It is interesting that the species Macedonica marginata was found only on Bulgarian part of Osogovo Mt., while Bulgarica vetusta was found only on Macedonian part of Osogovo Mt.
2.1.2 Spiders (Araneae) The spiders on Osogovo Mt are represented by enormous number of species. So far, we know of almost 590 species (Appendix B2), 450 of them for the Macedonian and 336 species for the Bulgarian part of Osogovo Mt. This is a results of 100 years of research on Osogovo Mt. The first data were published by Bulgarian arachnologist Drensky in 1913. However, the study of spiders was completed recently, by the research of Deltchev (2009) and Komnenov (2009, 2014). At present, Osogovo Mt. is the richest mountain with spiders on the whole of Balkan Peninsula. Most of the spiders have European or Palaearctic distribution. Nevertheless, 10% of the spiders are characteristic for the Mediterranean complex and this is evident in the southern slopes of the Macedonian part of Osogovo Mt. Balkan endemic species are represented by similar percentage. Some of the species are endemic of Osogovo Mt. (stenoendemics) and some of them were described in the last few years: Harpactea mariae, Harpactea bulgarica and Typhochrestus penevi . This is a signal that more species will be described in near future.
2.1.2.1 Species of conservation importance So far, there is only one spider species of European importance on Osogovo Mt: Eresus kollari Rossi, 1846 found near villages of Bogoslov and Stradalovo (Bulgaria). This species is included in the European red list of plants and animals (ESC). The list of other important species is given in Appendix B2-a.
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2.1.3 Dragonflies (Odonata) There are about 20 species of dragonflies on Osogovo Mt. These species inhabit clear mountainous waters and fewer are to be found in the mountain peats. There are several important species of dragonflies such as: Calliaeschna microstigma and Cordulegaster heros - vulnerable species according to the IUCN red list of threatened species.
2.1.4 Orthopterans (grasshoppers, crickets, bushcrickets, mantids, earwigs and cockroaches) The groups of Blattodea, Mantodea, Dermaptera and Orthoptera are comparatively well studied both in Europe and the Balkans, though the knowledge on their taxonomy and distribution in Macedonia is far from being adequate. Eastern Macedonia is among the most poorly explored territories on the Balkan Peninsula. Until now there is no data present in the literature about the cockroaches, mantids, earwigs, grasshoppers, crickets and bushcrickets occurring on Osogovo Mountains. Altogether, 105 taxa have been recognized in the study of Chobanov (2009a, 2009b) based on field investigations and review of the available collections (Macedonian Museum of Natural History in Skopje and National Natural History Museum in Sofia) (Appendix B3). There are 83 taxa recorded in the Macedonian part of Osogovo Mt. The same number of 83 taxa (only Orthoptera) was established for the Bulgarian part of the mountain.
2.1.4.1 Species of conservation value We found 17 species of conservation value (20%). 13 species (16%) are endemics. These include: Regional endemics (endemics for a restricted territory, e.g. river valley or a mountain group) – 3 species, Balkan endemics – 4 species, Balkan subendemics (species with their origin and main range on the Balkans but also penetrating into neighbouring territories) – 6 species. The listo of important species is given in Appendix B3-a. Species of international importance could be regarded Metrioptera domogledi (IUCN) and Paracaloptenus caloptenoides (Habitats directive). The latter has its centre of distribution on the Balkans, and although having fragmented distribution, it is comparatively common in Macedonia and in parts of Bulgaria. Species of regional importance have bigger conservation value since from one side such taxa have very restricted or fragmented occurrence in Macedonia and Osogovo Mountain and from the other side, some species of international importance have wide distribution in the region. For the reason mentioned 4 species without endemic status or intertational importance have been included as species of conservation value. Species of special regional importance: 1. Empusa fasciata – Southern European species, connected with xerophyte stony habitats and protected in some European countries. It has fragmented distribution in Macedonia and Bulgaria. On Osogovo Mountain occurs on the warmest southwestern slopes up to about 600 m a.s.l. in habitats, not influenced by human activity. 2. Iris oratoria – this colorful mantid is the rarest one in Macedonia and Bulgaria. Inhabits the warmest natural habitats, commonly steppe-like grasslands and scrub, up to 600 m a.s.l. 3. Phaneroptera falcata – Rare species in Macedonia. Palaearctic species, common in Central Europe but quite rare and fragmently distributed on the Balkans. Found in mesoxerophyte communities of Chamaecytisus absinthoides and grasses, as well as in surroundings of rural area, at 1150-1300 m. Occurs usually between 800 and 1500 m. 4
4. Andreiniimon nuptialis – Balkan subendemite with limited and fragmented distribution. It inhabits riparian woodlands and belts in the lowlands and foothills of the mountains. 5. Poecilimon zwicki – Regional endemite, distirbuted from Struma watershed to the East Rhodopi. It is rare species that inhabits warmer regions. 6. Platycleis (Montana) macedonica – regional endemic species for the valleys of the middle/low courses of Vardar, Pchinja and Strouma River (S Serbia, Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria). Rare xerothermophile, inhabiting dry stony habitats with sparse grass. Faund at Beli Village, up to 600 m a.s.l. 7. Metrioptera (Metrioptera) domgledi – Balkan subendemic species, included in the IUCN Red lists as “Vulnerable”. Its only occurrence in Macedonia is Osogovo Mountain, where it inhabits mountainous and subalpine meadows in communities of Chamaecytissus sp. and Juniperus communis sibirica between 1600 and 2200 m. 8. Metrioptera (Metrioptera) tsirojanni – Regional endemic, distributed in Southeasternmost Serbia, Eastern Macedonia, Southwesternmost Bulgaria and the central parts of Northern Greece. Recently found in Macedonia (Chobanov 2002). Very typical species for the submontane belt of Osogovo, where found in mesophyte scrubs between 500 and 1100 m (on the northern slopes) or 800 and 1400 m (on the southern slopes). 9. Psorodonotus fieberi fieberi – New subspecies for the fauna of Macedonia. Balkan endemic species with fragmented distribution over the high mountains of the middle parts of the Peninsula. On Osogovo the species has quite fragmented distribution in the region of Carev Vrv and Ruen Peak. Inhabits pseudosubalpine communities of Chamaecytissus sp. and Juniperus communis sibirica between around 1800 and 2000 m a.s.l. 10. Saga natoliae – this carnivorous bushcricket is among the largest insects and the biggest orthopteran in Europe. All over its range it has fragmented and sparse populations. Southwestern slopes of Osogovo make the northern border of this species. Only found at Gratche Lake stony area at about 500 m. Its possible range of occurrence stretches from the lowland up to 600 m a.s.l. 11. Paracaloptenus caloptenoides – the species is included in Annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive. Balkan subendemic species with fragmented distribution. The species’ range has in centre in Macedonia, thus its populations are frequently quite numerous. On Osogovo it has scanty distribution, at the moment found only at Jamishko Osoe place in mesophyte mountain meadows with sparse bushes at 1300 m a.s.l. Its possible occurrence on Osogovo ranges between (500)1000 and 1500 m. 12. Pseudopodisma fieberi – has fragmented distribution in the mountains of the north-east part of the Balkan Peninsula. It is rare species in Bulgaria. 13. Mecostethus parapleurus parapleurus – very rare species in Bulgaria. Its presence on Osogovo Mr. was not confirmed during the recent field research.. 14. Stenobothrus rubicundulus – has disjunct distribution in the Balkans, Apennines and Carpathians. It was recorded only on the peak Ruen.
2.1.5 Daily butterflies (Rhopalocera) The research on Osogovo Mt. revealed presence of over 120 species of daily butterflies (Appendix B4). Most of the species (55) belong to the family Satyridae followed by Lycaenidae with 33 species. Some of the species are considered as important while others have distribution restricted on the Balkan Peninsula: Pieris balcana , Colias balcanica , 5
Espararge climene , Euphidryas aurinia , Limenitis camilla, Coenonympha glycerion , Coenonympha rhodopensis , Plebeius sephirus , etc. The Bulgarian part of Osogovo Mt. Is designated as Prime Butterfly area of Europe due to the presence of about 20 important species. One can expect that Macedonian part will receive such a status, as well.
2.1.6 Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) The total number of species for the whole of Osogovo Mt. (both Macedonian and Bulgarian part) is about 280 species (Appendix B5). In total there are 238 species recorded in Macedonian part of Osogovo Mt. This is the highest number of ground beetles known for a mountain in the Republic of Macedonia and one of the highest on the Balkan Peninsula. The main reason for the diversity of species is the diversity of habitats and abiotic ecological factors (climate, soils). Osogovo Mt. is characterized by the presence of European species (northern slopes, high-mountain zone, montane and submontane beech forests) and by (sub-)Mediterranean species (southern slopes at low altitudes). (Zoogeographical analysis is not performed due to the lack of elaborated zoogeographical studies of ground beetles). The presence of species such as Loricera pilicornis, Carabus ullrichi fastuosus, abax carinatus, Abax ovalis, Amara nigricornis and Elaphrus aureus is clear evidence for the "Central European" influence on the ground beetles fauna of Osogovo Mt. Surprisingly, the number of thermophyllous species on Osogovo Mt. is even greater: Acinopus megacephalus, Microlestes apterus, Microlestes luctuosus, Zuphium olens, Ophonus oblongus, Gynandromorphus etruscus, Carabus graecus morio, Pachycarus atrocoeruleus etc.
2.1.6.1 Important species of Ground Beetles The selection of important species was done according to the: 1. International criteria (IUCN Global Red List of Species and CORINE list) 2. Endemic status of the species/subspecies 3. Rareness (all of the rare species were included in single category - rare species) 4. Relicness (only glacial relicts were recorded)
Only one of the species is on the IUCN Global Red List of Species ( Carabus intricatus - LR/nr=low risk/near threatened). There are two species on the CORINE list, as well. All of the endemic species (20) and glacial relicts (3) are considered as important. The bulk of the important species belong to the category of rare species. The main criterion for identifying a species as rare was its distribution areal, especially on the Balkan Peninsula and equally important the expert judgment (mainly unpublished data). The complete list is given in the Appendix B5a.
2.2 Vertebrates The vertebrate fauna (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) is in general well studied in term of species richness, however distributional and population size data are of lesser quality, or not existing at all. For the needs of the assessment of the vertebrate fauna, we used the thematic reports of the project “Osogovo Mountain in the European Green Belt” (Annonimous 2011, Hubancheva 2009, Milosevski 2008, Naumov & Tsankov 2008, Naumov et al. 2007, Sterijovski 2009, Stojanov et al. 2009, Stoyanov 2008, Velevski 2009, Zlatanova 2007, 2011, 2013) and, some additional sources where needed (e.g., (Kostov et al. 2010). After comparing the lists, we evaluated the list basing on the international citeria (IUCN global Red List, (IUCN 2014), IUCN European Red Lists, where existing (Temple & Terry 2007; Cox & Temple 2009; Temple & Cox 2009; Freyhof & Brooks 2011), inclusion of the
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species in the Annexess of the Habitat and Birds directives (The Council of the European Union 1992; The European Parliament & The Council of the European Union 2009), the Bern and Bonn conventions (The Council of the European Union 1979; UNEP/CMS Secretariat 1979), but also on national criteria (Bulgarian Biodiversity Law, Bulgarian Red Data Book (Golemanski et al. 2011), Macedonian Law on Nature Protection, Macedonian Law on Hunting). Due to taxonomical changes and unresolved questions, these tasks were not always straight-forward, which is especially evident for the fish, and thus their valorization should be taken with reserve, being incomplete on the conservative side.
2.2.1 Fish In total, 21 species are recorded, mostly in the larger rivers surrounding the Mountains (Kriva Reka, Zletovska Reka, Bregalnica, Banshtitsa, Lisiyska and Struma, and their tributaries). As Osogovo Mountain belongs to two different catchment areas (Vardar in Macedonia and Struma in Bulgaria), some differences in the fish fauna were noted – presence of Alburnus macedonicus , Chondrostoma vardarense , Squalius vardarensis only in the rivers in Macedonia, and Barbus strumicae , Cobitis strumicae, Phoxinus strymonicus and Salmo macedonicus only in the rivers in Bulgaria. The fish fauna in Osogovo region is generally poorly studied, which is further complicated by a number of unresolved taxonomical question on the Balkans. Tentatively, nine species are present in the rivers in Bulgaria, and 14 in the rivers of Macedonia. Overall, their conservation importance is high due to presence of endemic taxa listed above, and priorities for conservation should be focused on the Critically Endangered Alburnus macedonicus , Endangered Phoxinus strymonicus and Vulnerable Chondrostoma vardarense . The full list of fish species recorded in Osogovo Region with their national and international valorization criteria is given in Table 1 in the Appendix B6.
2.2.2 Amphibians In total, 12 species of Amphibians are recorded so far in the Osogovo Region – 11 for Bulgaria and 10 for Macedonia. The Alpine Newt and the Eastern Crested Newt have been found only in Bulgaria, while the Green Toad only in Macedonia. It is to be expected that all three species are present in the two countries as well. There are no globally threatened or regionally threatened species of Amphibians (IUCN Red Data Lists), however, they are all listed in the appendices II (five species) or III (seven species) of the Convention for conservation of wild habitats and species – Bern Convention. Also, two species are listed in Annex II of the EC Habitats Directive, and six species in Annex IV. Five species are protected by the Bulgarian legislation, and six by the Macedonian legislation (in total, nine species). The list of species per country, and their valorization criteria are given in Table 2 in the Appendix B6.
2.2.3 Reptiles In total, 24 species of reptiles have been registered on Osogovo Mountains, 17 in the Bulgarian part, and 21 in the Macedonian Part. This is the first group of the vertebrates where significant differences among the countries exist, due to the presence of warmer, xeric parts in the southeast section of the Mountain, in Macedonia, with presence of several Mediterranean species. One species found in the Bulgarian part, the Meadow Lizard Darevskia praticola has not been found in the Macedonian fauna yet. One species, the Greek Tortoise, found only in Macedonia, is considered Vulerable on Global level, while four species (one whip snake, one lizard, one terrapin and one tortoise – the only one being common for both countries) are Near Threatened. Sixteen species are included in the Appendix II of the Bern convention, and the remaining eight are enlisted in the Annex III. Four species are included in the Annex II of the Habitats Directive, and those four, and 13 other, are included in the Annex IV. Bulgarian Biodiversity Law protects eight of the species 7
recorded in this country, while the Macedonian Nature Protection Law protects 15 of the recorded 21 species. Finally, two species are considered Endangered on national level in Bulgaria. The list of reptile species recorded on Osogovo Mountains with their valorization criteria is presented on Table 3 in the Appendix B6.
2.2.4 Birds In total, 209 bird species have been registered in Osogovo region. Out of them, 146 are found in the reproductive period (resident breeders or migratory breeders). In continuation, all analyses are done only of this sub-set. One hundred and thirty-one species are recorded on the Bulgarian part, while 118 on the Macedonian part. One species (Scarlet Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus ) found in Bulgaria has never been registered for the Macedonian fauna. The disimilarities of the avifaunas between the two countries are obvious, coming mostly from the climatic factors (more Mediterranean species recorded in Macedonia) and the forestry practices (more mature pine and beech forests in Bulgaria hold some species not found in Macedonia). Overall, one globally Endangered species, the Egyptian Vulture, is breeding in Macedonia (one pair), as well as one-two pair(s) of Eastern Imperial Eagles. Thirty-six species listed in the Annex I of the Birds Directive are present, as well as 112 enlisted in Appendix II of the Bern Convention (and 27 more on Appendix III). The two globally threatened species are also included in the Appendix I of the Bonn Convention, and 52 more are listed in Appendix II of the same Convention. On national level, 29 species registered in Macedonia are protected by the Law on Nature Protection, while 117 of those found in Bulgaria are protected by the Law on Biodiversity Protection (Macedonian Legislation is not fully in compliance with the EU legislation, therefore such diference in the nubers). On national level, nine species are Endangered in Bulgaria and 20 are vulnerable. The core area of Osogovo in the Macedonian part (the complex Ratkova Skala), and the lover sections near rver Zletovica, have been identified as Important Bird Areas in Europe (Velevski et al. 2010). The list of breeding species and their valorization criteria is given in Table 4 in the Appendix B6.
2.2.5 Mammals The teriofauna of Osogovo Region is better studied on the Bulgarian part of the Mountain, from where 66 species have been recorded, compared to the 41 on the Macedonian part. The differences do not stop here – as much as four bat species found in Bulgaria: Myotis alcathoe , Myotis aurascens , Myotis blythii and Myotis brandti have never been recorded in the fauna of Macedonia, although these data indicate that they are most likely present. Only two species recorded in the Macedonian part have not been found in the Bulgarian part – one of them, the Mouflon, is being kept as a game species, and the second one, the Pipisterele Bat, is likely to be confirmed in Bulgaria. From the conservation aspect, the Bulgarian teriofauna is also richer, with the presence of the Brow Bear and the Eurasian Lynx, flagship species for nature conservation. On global level, only the Marbled Polecat (recorded only in the Bulgarian part) is considered Vulnerable, while four bat species (three confirmed only in the Bulgarian part) and the Otter are Near Threatened. As much as 26 species are enlisted in the Appendix II of the Bern Convention, and 23 more on the appendix III. All bats (Chiroptera, 22 species) are enlisted in the Appendix II of the Bonn convention. From the species recorded in Bulgaria, 27 are protected by the Bulgarian national legislation, while from the species found in Macedonia, only five are protected or strictly protected (which further speaks on the missalignement of the Macedonian national legislation with the EU legislation). From the species recorded in Bulgaria, one, the Eurasian Lynx, is considered nationally Critically Endangered, three (the Wild Cat, the Brown Bear and the Pine Marten) are Endangered, and as much as nine species are Vulnerable.
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The list of mammal species recorded on Osogovo Mountain per country and with their valorization criteria is presented on Table 5 in the Appendix B6.
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3 Definitions of the areas which can be included in the core areas of future BR, and requirements needed by the umbrella species, to be considered for the zoning of the BR
3.1 Important habitats for orthopterans The following habitat types show higher conservation value for orthopterans: • Mediterranean-like xerophyte steppe-like grass associations on limestone (hilly belt, 400-600 (700) m). The habitat covers restricted area at the Southwestern slopes of Osogovo Mountains. The habitat keeps unique for the region Mediterranean communities of orthopterans, some species of which are found only here on Osogovo Mts ( Iris oratoria, Platycleis nigrosignata, P. macedonica, Oedaleus decorus, Oedipoda miniata, Dociostaurus anatolicus etc.). • Mediterranean-like xerophyte grass-scrub associations and sparse coppices of Quercus pubescens and Carpinus orientalis on stony ground (hilly belt, 400-700 m). This is the second habitat type under serious threat. • Xerophyte and mesoxerophyte (pseudo-)subalpine meadows (1600-2250 m). Though this habitat keeps about 20 species, two of which of special importance, it is important with its relatively small area sensitivity to anthropogenic pressure.
3.2 Important localities for spiders There are seven localities/sites of conservation importance on the Bulgarian part of Osogovo Mt. These sites were selected based on the number of species with conservation importance (endemics, relicts, rare species). • Hisarluk-Pamuka (620-1350 m). This site has well-preserved forests, meadows and ecotone habitats. It is important due to the presence of the following species: Brachythele sp. ( langourovi ), Nemesia pannonica coheni , Scytodes thoracica , Segestria senoculata , Dasumia kusceri , Dysdera pectinata, Harpactea hombergi, Harpactea srednagora, Eresus kollari, Uloborus walckenaerius, Tenuiphantes floriana, Pocadicnemis pumila, Tapinopa longidens, Walckenaeria cucullata, Malthonica rilaensis, Eurocoelotes jurinitschi, Eurocoelotes karlinskii, Zodarion aculeatum, Zodarion ochridense, Xysticus abditus. • The valley of Novoselska river from the reservoir to v. Slokoshtitsa and Dve Reki (south of Novo Selo) (620-960 m) – xerophilic meadows, mesophilic meadows and riparian tree communities. This site is important due to the presence of the following species: Dasumia kusceri , Harpactea saeva , Harpactea srednagora , Eresus kollari , Hyptiotes paradoxus , Episinus truncates , Macrargus rufus. • The valley of river Eleshnica, between villages of Vaksevo and Rakovo (560-860 m). It has riparian habitats on limestone and silicates ground as well as forest communities on limestone. This site is important due to the presence of the following species: Macrargus rufus , Walckenaeria obtusa , Cybaeus balkanus , Zodarion ochridense and Xysticus gallicus . • The valley of river Eleshnica, between Chakanetski Most and village Sazhdenik (940- 1400 m). Similarly to previous site, it has riparian habitats on limestone and silicates ground as well as well-preserved forest communities. This site is important due to the presence of the following species: Macrargus rufus , Troglohyphantes sp., Walckenaeria obtusa , Histopona laeta , Cybaeus balkanus, Cryphoeca silvicola ,
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Eurocoelotes jurinitschi , Eurocoelotes karlinskii , Eurocoelotes kulczynskii , Thanatus sabulosus and Xysticus gallicus . • The valley of river Bistritsa, from the gorge above village Gurlyano to mining site Ruen (1100-1600 m). It holds well preserved forests, meadows, pastures and ecotone habitats. This site is important due to the presence of the following species: Harpactea bulgarica , Harpactea saeva, Harpactea srednagora, Cybaeus balkanus , Titanoeca quadriguttata, Titanoeca tristis, Poecilochroa variana, Xysticus macedonicus, Zodarion aculeatum, Zodarion ochridense. • The area between mountain huts Osogovo and Trite Buki and the peak Choveka (1520-2020 m) – well preserved forests, pastures and ecotones in the subalpine belt. This site is important due to the presence of the following species: Segestria senoculata , Hyptiotes paradoxus, Centromerus sylvaticus, Mansuphantess mansuetus, Macrargus rufus, Araneus sturmi, Parzygiella montana, Pardosa drenskii, Eurocoelotes kulczynskii, Zodarion ochridense, Xysticus gallicus. • The area between the Begbunar spring and peak Ruen (1820-2251 m). – pastures in the subalpine belt. This site is important due to the presence of the following species: Crustulina guttata , Agyneta cauta, Araeoncus anguineus, Pelecopsis elongata, Pardosa drenskii, Pardosa bifasciata , Pardosa sp. There are several localities on the Macedonian part of Osogovo Mt. that were identified as important for the spiders' diversity: • Area around village Beli, above Kochani. This site is important due to the presence of the following species: Brachythele sp., Dysdera granulata, Harpactea mariae, Harpactea saeva, Harpactea srednagora, Centromerus lakatnikensis etc. • Foothills of Osogovo Mt. near village Sokolarci. This site is important due to the presence of the following species: Brachythele sp., Pritha nana, Dysdera halkidikii, Harpactea saeva, Ero aphana, Mimetus laevigatus, Anatolidion gentile, Dipoena coracina, Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, Theridion adrianopoli, Theridion italiense, Diplocephalus graecus, Troglohyphantes inermis, etc. • The valley of Kamenica river. This site is important due to the presence of the following species: Atypus piceus, Brachythele sp., Dysdera pectinata, Harpactea bulgarica, Harpactea saeva, Harpactea srednagora, Abacoproeces saltuum, Asthenargus bracianus, Centromerus lakatnikensis, Micrargus herbigradus , etc. • Ruen peak. This site is important due to the presence of the following species: Enoplognatha latimana, Micrargus herbigradus, Porrhomma convexum, Pardosa drenskii, Inermocoelotes kulczynskii, Xysticus macedonicus , etc.
3.3 Important localities for ground beetles Analysis of the important localities/regions on Osogovo Mt. for ground beetles' diversity was performed. The following areas can be mentioned as the most important for ground beetles' diversity on the Macedonian part of Osogovo Mt.: • High altitude zone between 1600 and 2200m (Sultan Tepe-Sokol-Ruen including Slana Bara, Kalin Kamen crest and area above Toranica mine) with more than 70 species and about 25 important species. • Zletovska Reka gorge - with more that 70 species and 16 important species of ground beetles • Area of v. Jastrebnik - with 60 species and 11 important species • Area of villages Duračka Reka and Stanci with more than 50 species and more than 12 important species
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• Kundino wetland and surrounding meadows with 35 species and 14 important species. • Low altitude area (Leski-Beli-Rajčani-Pantelej-Sokolarci) with more than 80 species and more than 30 important species Seven localities were identified as important on the Bulgarian part of the mountain, which overlap with the locations for spiders: • Hisarluk-Pamuka (620-1350m). This site has well-preserved forests, meadows and ecotone habitats. • The valley of Novoselska river from the reservoir to s. Slokoshtitsa and Dve Reki (south of Novo Selo) (620-960m) . • The valley of river Eleshnica, between villags of Vaksevo and Rakovo (560-860m). • The valley of river Eleshnica, between Chakanetski Most and village Sazhdenik (940- 1400m). • The valley of river Bistritsa, from the gorge above village Gurlyano to mining site Ruen (1100-1600m). • The area between mountain huts Osogovo and Trite Buki and the peak Choveka (1520-2020m) . • The area between the Begbunar spring and peak Ruen (1820-2251m).
3.4 Important localities for amphibians and reptiles On the Bulgarian side of the mountain, three regions have been identified as most important for protection of amphibians and reptiles: Dve reki – it includes the catchment area of Novoselska and Skokova Rivers above village Novo Selo (34T 0638689 4670828). This region nas three stagnant waterbodies, and on the area of about 5 ha 13 species (10 amphibians and 3 reptiles) have been found. Ponds along the road to peak Ruen – large ponds under the peaks Kyunek and Choveka (34T 0631391 4672671, 34T 0633446 4672045). The ponds are fed by small streams and are with water troughout the year. Those are the olnby permanent wetlands in the subalpine zone of the Bulgarian Part of Osogovo Mt. and are important for breeding of the amhibians (Mesotriton alpestris , Rana temporaria etc). Novoselska River at mahala Orehovica – the lower section of an unnamed left tributary of r. Novoselska, up to 500 m upstreams (34T 0639306 4674645) is considered important becaus of the discovery of the lizzard Darevskia praticola, on the southwestern border of its range. In Macedonia, due to the presence of the mediteranean species in the lower parts of the mountain, three location of different characted are identified: The region of vilalges Tursko Rudare and Shtalkovica – being rich in rocky habitat, support large diversity of reptiles. The surrounding of village Sokolarci – being mostly dry grassland habitat, is of importance for reptile species. The region of villages Gradche and Orizari – again, dominated by dry thickets in region rich with rocks, provides excellent habitat for a number of reptile species, while the Gradche reservoir is a breeding centre for amphibians. In the mid sections of the mountain, the regions Ponikva and Lisja Reka are especiely rich in aquatic habitats, thus being of importance for amphibians. On the highest part the high mountain pastures are present and locality of Sultan Tepe will be pointed as a locality of special interest due to the presence of Z.vivipara , a rare species in
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the country. The region Slana Bara, due to the presence of wet meadows, is of importance for amphibians as well.
3.5 Important localities for birds Birds are one of the groups on Osogovo Mt. that is best studied. In the same time, site-based protection of birds uses most-standardised criteria for designation of important regions. On the Bulgarian side of the mountain, the folloing regions have ben identified as the most important (Stoyanov 2009): • The gorge of river Bistritsa above village Grlyano, up to the confluence of r. Leva Reka in r. Bistrica, including the ridges that naturally delimit the valley. • The peak Ruen and the surrounding territories towards the peak Kamenets, the territopry of the former mine Ruen in the locality Srebrenoto Kolo, to the peak Chovecheto, the region towards the peak Shapka, to the peak Groba and the peak Baltadzhinitsa. • The reserve “Tsrna Reka”, in its present borders. • The forests in the regions of the huts Osogovo, Tri Buki and Profilaktorium DAP – the exact borders are difficult to establish, but they should at lest include 1 km radius around each of these huts. • The valley of river Eleshnitsa – starting from the confluence of river Tsrna Reka in Eleshnitsa, to the surrounding of village Rakovo (Dolno Rakovo), including the ridges that delineate this catchment. In Macedonia the most important regions are identified as Important Birds Areas, and include the surrounding of Zletovksa Reka - v. Lesnovo - Sinkovitsa and Ponikva (IBA Osogovo), and the foothill of the mountain at vilalges Tripatanci and Sokolarci (IBA Zletovska Reka). Complementary region around the peak Ruen (Ruen, Tsarev Vrv, Slana Bara) to encompass the subalpine habitat identified on the Bulgarian side is also proposed for some protection. Important forest areas are not yet identified.
3.6 Important localities for mammals The regions important for conservation of Mammals have been identified for each major group separately. Some of the mammals are large species (especially among ungulates and carnivores) that require large areas for sustainable populations. For conservation of the ungulates, the broadleaved forests are of particular importance. The gorge of river Bistrica is of particular importance for the carnivores. However, the Brown Bear, the wolf and the Lynx have need of much wider regions. The upper parts of the mountain (mostly forested, and to some degree the subalpine zone), excluding the larger poipulated places on the lower part of the mountain, are the best regions for these flagship species. On the Macedonian side, such zones have been identified for the Brown Bear, Wild Cat, Eurasian Otter, Barbastelle Bat and Savi’s pipistrelle. Those are the regions of Ponikva, Gorno Kratovo, Golem Rid, the region between villages Nezhilovo, Staro Mushkovo, Kosharica, with the peak Krmila, peak Lisec-Machja Glava, the valley of r. Kamenica upstreams of Toranica and the valley of Kriva Reka up of the maala Jachevci to the confluence of stream Gradishki Dol, and the gorge (valley) og confluence of Kiselichka Reka and Kriva Reka (up to village Zhidilovo).
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Bats have special requirements for protection – caves (or artificial underground habitats) and old forests. The following regions were identified as most important on Osogovo Mt. for bat diversity and conservation: 1. Golema (Iliyska) cave (N42 04.272 E22 46.616, alt. 1280 m) near village Vetren (Bulgaria), found in a hilly and carst region covered in pastures and bushes. It has two enterances, a horizontal and a vertical one, the second one being used by bats, opening under the peak Choveka. It is one of the very few caves in the region, and is identified as important underground bat habitat (Ivanova, 2005). It provides refuge for two of the large bat coloies in the region, and is important place for the migrating bats. 2. Abandoned mine gallery (N42 08.666 E22 33.164, alt. 1448 m) near village Sazhdenik (Bulgaria), located in the base of peak Ruen, on the upper tree limit of a beech forest. It is artifitial tunnel of 3 m width and height, and length of about 15. The floor is covered with water. High bat diversity was found. There are many mine shafts the region, some of which have open enterances, being important for bats. 3. Cave Mechata Dupka (= Lisichata Dupka) (34 T 646152 4665613, alt. 740 m) is found in the region of the village Stradalovo (Bulgaria), has a small vertical enterance on a carst hillside, A breeding colony of some 200 individuals of Greater Horsshoe Bat has been found august 1994 (Benda et al., 2003). The research of Hubancheva (2009) confirmed presence of Rhinolophus euriale and maybe Rhinolophus mehelyii, and Myotis emarginatus . Therefore, the whole carst massif in the vicinity of village Stradalovo should be under some kind of protection. High density of mediteranean species has also been bound in the populated places along r. Struma. On Macedonian side the research of bats is not sufficient to identify some more important regions, but breeding colony of Greater Horseshoes bats was found by B. Grubac (pers. comm) in V’cki Dol (village Ratkovica, included in the Important Bird Area Osogovo Mt.), and it is assumed that abandoned mine shafts around the upeer tree line also support important bat numbers and species, similar to Bulgaria. Future research is needed using bat detectors, to locate the hunting regions and flight corridors, which should be included in the protected areas.
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4 Identification and analyses of treats – effects of other management and land-use practices
4.1 Threats and conservation problems to invertebrates Collection of edible species. Some of the invertebrate species on Osogovo Mt. are collected fo eating, mainly by local population. This concerns some snail species ( Helix lucorum, Helix pomatia ) and stone crayfish ( Austropotamobius torrentium ). This is significant threat. Adequate measures (licencing of collectors and quotas) have to be established for the snail species. The stone srayfish is protected by law in both Macedonia and Bulgaria and its collection has to be banned on Osogovo Mt. In Bulgaria it is protected by the legislation – the Biological Diversity Act (2002) and the Low of Fisheries and Aquaculture (2001), which prohibits the species capture, transportation and trade throughout the year. Collection of endemic and rare species . This threat can not be considered of high risk for most of the species. However, collection of some rare species can be very threatening: Parnassius apolo, Carabus ullrichi fastuosus, Carabus scabriusculus bulgarus, Rosalia alpina (these species are very rare and attractive for collectors. Habitat degradation and destruction . This is the most important threat to the species of invertebrates and overall diversity. Degradation of habitats should be considered as significant threat. This is especially true in the case of wetlands (peatbogs, reedbeds, riparian habitats). Most of the species living in this habitats are stenotopic and stenohygric. Changes in hydrology . Changes in hydrology of natural ecosystems and consequently changes in air and soil humidity present significant impact to invertebrates. Typical example is the construction of Zletovica hydrosystem and river dam in Knezhevo locality. The reservoir destroyed riparian habitats (willow belts) and wet meadows along Zletovska Reka at altitudes between 1000 and 1100 m a.s.l. Water capturing and construction of fountains is another threat that is already visible on Osogovo Mt. Aforestation with allochtonous tree species . So far, the significance of this threat on invertebrates on Osogovo has not been estimated. However, from the gathered information it can be concluded that plantations (Larch, Scots pine and Black pine plantations) support lower diversity of invertebrates compared to the well preserved forest ecosystems (montane and submontane beech forests, Sessile oak forests, White oak forests etc.). Diversity of these plantations is somewhat comparable to the degraded natural forests. Climate change impact . There are no data on climate change in Osogovo region. Thus, the significance of this threat can not be accurately measured. However, it can be foreseen that the most affected area will be the high-altitude zone as well as wetland habitats. Changes and temperature and precipitation (and other ecological factors) will alter the population dynamics and endanger some of the vulnerable species. In this sense, vulnerable species are those that are stenotopic and with small altitudinal range. After studying the ecology of these species, some of them can be used as indicators of the climate change impact.
4.2 Threats and conservation problems to amphibians and reptiles Some human activities are beneficial to certain species of amphibians or reptiles, due to their versatility and opportunistic nature. Creation of artificial ponds, lakes, springs, cattle drinking basins, etc., provide additional aquatic habitat used for reproduction by some amphibian species, but also some reptiles ( Emys orbicularis , Natrix natrix ). Such reservoirs are favorable for these groups only if predator fish species are not introduced, that feed on eggs, larvae, and sometimes adult individuals. Road construction creates corridor for dispersion of the petrophlilous species of reptiles ( Podarcis muralis , Vipera ammodytes ),
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while forest clearing allow for establishment of populations of Lacerta viridis , Lacerta agilis , Coronella austriaca ). However, the negative effect of some of those activities is much stronger. Of particular concern is the deforestation, which leads to major changes in the habitats, to which most of the species cannot adapt, and their population either disappear, or are reduced to minimal numbers. Clear-cuting of the beech forests leads to loss of the temporal ponds which are of exceptional importance for reproduction of some amphibians ( Lissotriton vulgaris, Мesotriton alpestris, Triturus karelinii, Bombina variegata etc.). Other negative consequence of this activity is reduction of the water quantities in the streams, important for the reproduction of some species as Salamandra salamandra , Rana graeca etc. Replacement of broadleaved forests with conifers also has unfavorable effect, due to the fact that the latter have poor water retention capacity, and create dry microclimate. Creation of small accumulations and small hydro-power plants changes the natural character of the habitats, and the water regime. It has especially negative impact on the population of Rana graeca , since it directly fragments its populations after the construction of the reservoir on the river and diversion of the water. Potential threat to the herpetofauna is the upgrade of the road network. The negative activities can be expected with changes of the water-collection channels along the roads (which are now mostly favorable for the reproduction of the amphibians), drainage of the temporal ponds etc. Related to this, but poorly documented threat is the increase of the traffic intensity, leading to increase in road kills. Mass collection of blueberries also changes the habitat for some reptiles ( Zootoca vivipara , Vipera berus etc.). Natural changes, such as overgrowing of aquatic habitats with rush or other plant species, has also a negative impact on the reproduction of the amphibians.
4.3 Threats and conservation problems to birds Although some human activities have positive effect on the population of certain opportunistic species (creation of forest clearings attracts species characteristic to such habitats, or creation of mines allows for breeding of Pyrrhocorax graculus ) the overall effect of human activities on Osogovo in regards to the birds is noticeably negative. The threats that are particularly evident are as the following: - Logging and opening of forest roads – massive tracts of oak and beech forests have been clear-cutted, while ‘sanitary’ cutting has been implemented in other forest tracts. This leads to complete loss of breeding habitat for many species, or reduction of suitable breeding niches for a variety of other, such as the flycatchers, woodpeckers, owls, etc. Logging is frequently done in the breeding season, creating disturbance to the birds that are not directly affected by the operation. - Replacement of forest types and afforestation – conifer species are frequently planted on the place of cut native forests, or on the subalpine pastures. Such habitats are in general poorer in individuals, although locally might increase the diversity of species. - Construction of new roads – either for the needs of development of the road network, or for construction of other facilities (as small hydro power plants), this activity contributes to the habitat loss and fragmentation, and increases the disturbance in the environment. Sometimes such roads are opened in regions that were previously not accessible, and they make the human access for variety of other purposes easier. - Human presence and disturbance – is especially evident in the subalpine zone in the period of fructification of the blueberries. The dense road network and almost permanent and dense human presence affects the breeding outcome of the late clutches, and leads to displacement of the individuals.
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- Hunt and poaching – although not directly affecting the birds (as primary target species), it leads to disturbance and introduces lead pellets in the environment, which pose risk to some scavenging species ( Neophron percnopterus , Aquila heliaca , Aquila chrysaetos , etc.). - Electrification – development of the human settlements and tourism and industrial capacities leads to improvement in the electricity network, which is presently with unsafe design for the perching birds. - Poison use – the practice exists in the region, but the extend is unknown – formerly several cases of poisoning of vultures have been documented. It can be potentially critical to the Imperial Eagles and Egyptian Vulture pairs, but can also affect Golden Eagles, Long-legged buzzards, and the growing population of the Griffon Vultures in the region (Kresna Gorge in Bulgaria). - Surface quaries and stone-mines – cause direct loss of habitat, and disturbance (especially due to mining) of the wider areas of those locations. When done near gorges (eg., Ratkova Skala, v. Ratkovica, Macedonia), can cause significant disturbance of the breeding priority bird species.
4.4 Threats and conservation problems to mammals Poaching and overhunting are major threats to the carnivores and ungulates at Osogovo Mt. The Roe deer Capreolus capreolus and Hare Lepus europeus population on the mountain have declined due to this activity, while Brown Bear cannot establish resident population on the Macedonian side both as a result of poaching, but also disturbance in the habitat. Water pollution, especially on the rivers where mine wastewaters are released, is a major threat to the Otter (affecting its population). As in the other groups, habitat alteration is a significant threat. As an ecologically distinct group, the bats are faced with more specific threats, among them the most significant being the direct persecution, and habitat alteration/destruction (of the breeding sites, flight corridors and foraging areas). Afforestation with conifers (Scots and Black Pine) had the largest negative effect on the natural habitats (broadleaved oak and beech forests). It probably affected the number of hiding places and reduced the quality of the food base. Potential threats to bats include development of wind farms, as Osogovo is suitable for this type of renewable energy use. Wind turbines are known to cause mass mortalities to migrating bats, and also affect certain species of birds (especially large soaring raptors).
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5 Assessment of potentials and challenges for fulfilment of the biosphere reserve criteria, identification of potential conflict situation The diversity of fauna of Osogovo Mt. is doubtlessly rich, and such richness ie almost evenlyu distributed among all studied taxa. From almost all groups, significant portions of the national species’ list are found on Osogovo. The challenge, is however, that the national and internationall importance of the invertebrate fauna is not well represented in the international agreements and EU Directives, thus presently leaving their conservation to the national authorities of the both countries. Absence of detailed red data books, red list and updated list of protected and strictly protected species challenges this task. On contrary, the vertebrates are well presented in the international agreements and EU directives; yet the populations of the priority and umbrella species on Osogovo are in most cases small, thus relativizing it importance for conservation of the representatives of this taxonomical group, and equaling Osogovo with other mountains in the region. Compared to the diversity of other formally or informally recognized regions on the Balkans (e.g, Ohrid-Prespa biosphere reserve, Shar Planina-Korab massif range, Tikvesh-Mariovo- Kozhuf-Nidze-Pinovo-Tsena regions, Pirin and Rila Mountains etc), the values of Osogovo are further relativized, not forgetting the uniqness (presence of local endemites) in this region. The case of Osogovo as Biosphere reserve miught be further “weakened” by absence of quantification of threats and their assessment on this uniqe part of the fauna. A clear vision mus be developed how the potential “biosphere reserve” will contribute to their conservation (their immediate threats are mostly limited). Top-down approach will certainly benefit priority vertebrates, creating preconditions for their active management and hopefuly increase in the populations, thus increasing the relative importance of Osogovo in respect to the neighbouring mountains/regions. In the meantime, work on official international recognision of the priority invertebrate species must continue. Challenges of implementing management that will benefit priority faiunal species are going to be many, havin in mind the local plans for economical developments of the region, and the long-lasting scemes of resource use. More particularly, present forest management practices will be hard to change, but it is noteworthy to mention that such changes might be distributed troughout space (by working in small regions of the mountain) and time (by slow phasing-out of the most detrimental practices and reducing their scope). The best preserved habitats (usually small forest patches) should be immediately exluded from the management plans, while clearcuts shoud be phased out first from the beech forest belt. Largest and old trees (with cracs) should not be removed. Tese (and similar) adjustments might take course during the forthcoming 30 years, but should not be postponed, as this will only lead to (postpone) sudden loss of economical income for the forest enterprise companies. Step-by- step phaseing out will provide pleny of time to the forest management companies to adapt and incorporate into management activities of the potential reserve/protected areas, and find additional ways of financing, thus making economic lossess easier to overcome. The development of tourism, including construction of new roads, accommodation facilities and atractions (ski-centres, etc) will be the second sector with which conflicts are expected. Only carefull planning and proper execution of Strategic Impact Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessment migh prevent major erors in the spatial planning. Ajustments will be needed in those plans to secure survival of the presently most important (and usually rare in numbers) priority speces. Different strategies might be needed for implementation of the development plans (in terms of time and place – dense settlements that will cause significant, but localised distrurbance in some regions, vs. dispersed constructions, which will have smaller, but widespread effects). Such planning should consider life-stage cycles of the priority species, both during construction and operation phases. Resource use (both ore and mineral extraction and water extraction/use) are the third major sector where conflicths might appear. Surface mining causes hardly reversible damage to the natural habitats and might be direct reason for disappearance od some priority species, 18
therefore such activities must be carefully planned. Underground mining is less damaging to the environment (waste waters can however have immediate detrimental effect!) and causes less visual pollution, but such activities are ususllly long-lasting. As the case of Osogovo proves (especially ewith some bats and birds), as these activities are reducing in intensity with (locally) depletion of the resources, shafts can be easilyu converted into management units in service of nature conservation. Finally, river and stream catchments for the needs of power productions are having long-lasting (and in many cases irreversible) effect on the aquatic communities, and as such can not be in the zones of active management and strict protection. Gradual improvement of the intakes migh be feasible in some cases, but the results of such management activities are difficult to predict. The adjoining infrastructure (road network, electricity network) for all these activities should also be carefully considered, and where possible, avoided (e.g., use of one road to reach several extraction sites, underground construction of the electricity lines, etc.).
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6 Recommendations for management and action plans for preservation and strengthening of the populations of the priority species
Recommendations for conservation of priority species include: • Sustainable forest management: identification of high-nature values forests, and their exclusion from the forest management plans; • Identification and preservation of single trees that have natural cavities (7-10 trees on ha), to be excluded from sanitary forest practices – this will be highly beneficial for bats and cavity nesting birds; • Abandonment of clear-cutting practice, totally in the beech forests, and to as large as possible extend in the oak belt. Deforested regions in the beech forest belt should be planted with poplar and other deciduous tree species. • Creation of ponds and artificial reservoirs, to promote breeding of amphibians. It will also be beneficial as increase of the trophic base for the bats and some birds. • Setting up nest boxes and bat-boxes in suitable forests, as a first step before changes in forestry practices can give results. • Use of only native broad-leaved species in afforestation activities. • Prolong the period between timber harvest in the same forest stand – from presently every (approximately) 25 years, to at least 35 years. • Establish disturbance-free zones, either year-around, or in the breeding period, depending on the target species. For raptors, this should be ca. 1 km radius around the nests, in which forestry activities will be avoided, and tourism will be limited during the breeding period. For carnivores and ungulates, these areas should exclude main foraging and nursing locations. • Avoid construction of access roads in old forest stands and in rocky areas, avoid unnecessary road construction in the subalpine zone. • Implement sound conservation measures for all infrastructural development (ski resorts, tourist settlements) through proper development of EIA and respecting the mitigation measures, especially taking into consideration the needs for water (drinking, artificial snow), access roads, electricity lines, waste water management etc. All catchments should respect ecological flow principles (also to allow for temporal floods). Road construction should pay attention not to destroy the temporal and permanent ponds, while securing safe passages for amphibians and reptiles. Winter road maintenance should exclude chemicals toxic to wildlife, and salt. • Identify sustainable quotas for hunt, and identify no-hunt areas in the priority regions for conservation. Ensure corridors among such regions. • Establish quotas for collection of invertebrate species and introduce licencing system of collectors. • Exclude human presence from parts of the subalpine zone in the period of fructification of the non-timber forest products (hip-rose, blueberry, etc). Establish rotation system for use of those zones by people, thus creating no-disturbance zones, and zones with increased production of food which can be used by wildlife. • Create artificial corridors among the priority region, also using some fruit trees (traditional cultivars of apples, plums, pears etc), which can be used by wildlife to move among different priority (core) areas on the mountain.
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• Ensure ecological minimum of water in the rivers used for energy production by small hydro power plants.
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7 References
Annonimous 2011. Dragonflies and fish, recoded in Osogovo Mountain during 2011. Report to the project “Osogovo Mountains in the4 Balkan Green Belt”. Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation Beshkov, S. 2012. Species of daily and nocturnal butterflies from Osogovo Mt. on the Red list of the Republic of Bulgaria. Report for the project "Osogovo Mt. in the Balkan Green Belt". Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation. Chobanov, D. 2009. Cockroaches, mantids and orthopterans of Osogovo Mt. Report for the project "Osogovo Mt. in the Balkan Green Belt". Macedonian Ecological Society. Chobanov, D. 2011. Assessment of the faunistic diversity of orthopterans (Orthoptera) on Osogovo Mt. Report for the project "Osogovo Mt. in the Balkan Green Belt". Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation. Cox, N. A., and H. J. Temple. 2009. European Red List of Reptiles. IUCN and the European Union, Louxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Dedov, I. 2008. Molluscs of Osogovo Mt. Report for the project "Osogovo Mt. in the Balkan Green Belt". Macedonian Ecological Society. Deltchev, Ch. 2011. Assessment of the faunistic diversity of spiders on Osogovo Mt. Report for the project "Osogovo Mt. in the Balkan Green Belt". Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation. Freyhof, J., and E. Brooks. 2011. European Red List of Freshwater Fishes. IUCN and the European Union, Louxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Golemanski, V. et al., editors. 2011. Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Volume 2. Animals. IBEI – BAS & MOEW, Sofia. Hristovski, S. 2009. Diversity of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Osogovo Mt. Report for the project "Osogovo Mt. in the Balkan Green Belt". Macedonian Ecological Society. Hubancheva, A. 2009. The Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Osogovo Mountain. 22 pp. Report to the project “Osogovo Mountains in the Balkan Green Belt”. Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation IUCN. 2014. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3.
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Naumov, B., Tsankov, N. 2008. Distribution and conservation status of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Osogovo. Part 2. Eastern region. 26 pp. Report to the project “Osogovo Mountains in the Balkan Green Belt”. Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation Naumov, B., Tsankov, N., Popgeorgiev, G. 2007 Distribution and conservation status of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Osogovo. Part 1. Western region. 45 pp. Report to the project “Osogovo Mountains in the Balkan Green Belt”. Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation Sterijovski, B. 2009 Amphibians and reptiles in the frame of the Osogovo Mts. 49 pp. Report to the project “Osogovo Mountains in the4 Balkan Green Belt”. Macedonian Ecological Society Stojanov, A, Ivanov, Gj. Melovski, D. 2009. Mammals on Osogovo Mts. 27 pp. Report to the project “Osogovo Mountains in the Balkan Green Belt”. Macedonian Ecological Society Stoyanov, G. P. 2008. Study of the class Birds (Aves) of Osogovo Mountain (Bulgaria). 9 pp. Report to the project “Osogovo Mountains in the4 Balkan Green Belt”. Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation Temple, H. J., and A. Terry, editors. 2007. The Status and Distribution of European Mammals. IUCN and the European Union, Louxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Temple, H. J., and N. A. Cox. 2009. European Red List of Amphibians. IUCN and the European Union, Louxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. The Council of the European Union. 1979. Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats. Bern. The Council of the European Union. 1992. Council directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. Official Journal of the European Union. Brussels. The European Parliament, and The Council of the European Union. 2009. Directive 2009/147/EC of the European parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds. Official Journal of the European Union. Brussels. Tzonev & Lazarov 2001. A Contribution to the Study of Spiders (Araneae) in Osogovo Mountain, South-West Bulgaria. – Acta zologica bulgarica, 53 (2): 67-78. UNEP/CMS Secretariat. 1979. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. Bonn. Velevski, M. 2009. Bird fauna at Osogovo Mt., Macedonian part - a preliminary analysis. 17 pp. Report to the project “Osogovo Mountains in the Balkan Green Belt”. Macedonian Ecological Society Velevski, M., B. Hallmann, B. Grubač, T. Lisičanec, E. Stoynov, E. Lisičanec, V. Avukatov, L. Božič, and B. Stumberger. 2010. Important Bird Areas in Macedonia: Sites of Global and European Importance. Acrocephalus 31 :181–282. Wohlberedt O. 1911. Zur Molluskenfauna von Bulgarien. – Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Görlitz, 27: 167-234. Zlatanova, D. 2007. Report on the study of the mammal fauna (Mammalia ) of the Osogovo Mountain (excluding Bats Chiroptera ). 31 pp. Report to the project “Osogovo Mountains in the Balkan Green Belt”. Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation Zlatanova, D. 2011 Report on the field surveys and other research to supplement the data for the species composition of the Mammals ( Mammalia ), excluding bats. 24 pp. Report to the project “Osogovo Mountains in the Balkan Green Belt”. Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation
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Zlatanova, D. 2013. Report for mammal research in Osogovo in 2013. 3 pp. Report to the project “Osogovo Mountains in the Balkan Green Belt”. Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation Дренски, П. 1913. Нови и с нови находища паяци от България. – Сбор. Бълг. Акад. Наук., 2: 1-146. Юринич, С. & Дренски, П. 1917. Принос към фауната на паяците в България. - Спис. Бълг. Акад. Наук., 15: 109-136.
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8 Apendices 8.1 Maps of important regions for specific groups on Osogovo
8.1.1 Map 1. Important regions for spiders
8.1.2 Map 2. Important regions for orthopterans
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8.1.3 Map 3. Important regions for ground beetles
8.1.4 Map 4. Important regions for amphibians and reptiles
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8.1.5 Map 5. Important regions for birds on Osogovo Mountain
8.1.6 Map 6. Important regions for mammals on Osogovo Mountain
8.2 Appendix B1. List of mollusks on Osogovo Mt.
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1 Acanthinula aculeata (Müller 1774) 32 Limax graecus Simroth 1889 2 Aegopinella minor (Stabile 1864) 33 Limax maximus Linnaeus 1758 3 Agardhiella armata (Clessin 1887) 34 Lindholmiola girva (Frivaldszky 1835) 4 Alinda biplicata michaudiana (L. Pfeiffer 35 Macedonica marginata (Rossmässler 1848) 1835) 5 Alinda serbica serbica (Müllendorf 1873) 36 Merdigera obscura (Müller 1774) 6 Arion silvaticus Lohmander 1937 37 Monacha cf. cartusiana (Müller 1774) 7 Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud 1805) 38 Oxychilus hydatinus (Rossmässler 1838) 8 Bradybaena fruticum (Müller 1774) 39 Oxychilus glaber striarius (Westerlund 1881) 9 Bulgarica vetusta (Rossmässler 1836) 40 Oxyloma elegans (Risso 1826) 10 Carychium minimum (Müller 1774) 41 Perforatella incarnata (Müller 1774) 11 Cattania haberhaueri (Sturany 1897) 42 Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus 1758) 12 Carpathica stussineri (Wagner 1895) 43 Platyla polita (Reinhardt 1880) 13 Cepaea vindobonensis (Ferussac 1821) 44 Pseudamnicola sp. (cf.) 14 Chondrina clienta (Westerlund 1883) 45 Punctum pygmaeum (Draparnaud 1801) 15 Chondrula tridens (Müller 1774) 46 Radix peregra (Müller 1774) 16 Cochlodina laminata (Montagu 1803) 47 Sphaerium cf. corneum (Linaeus 1758) 17 Daudebardia brevipes (Draparnaud 1805) 48 Tandonia budapestensis (Hazay 1881) 18 Daudebardia rufa (Draparnaud 1805) 49 Tandonia cristata (Kaleniczenko 1851) 19 Deroceras reticulatum (Müller 1774) 50 Tandonia kusceri ( Wagner 1931) 20 Deroceras sturanyi (Simroth 1894) 51 Tandonia serbica (Wagner 1931) 21 Deroceras turcicum (Simroth 1886) 52 Tuncatellina claustralis (Gredler 1856) 22 Euconulus fulvus (Müller 1774) 53 Truncatellina cylindrica (Ferussac 1807) 23 Euomphalia strigella (Draparnaud 1801) 54 Xerolenta obvia (Menke 1828) 24 Helix lucorum Linnaeus 1758 55 Vestia ranojevici (Pavlovic 1912) 25 Helix pomatia Linnaeus 1758 56 Vestia roshitzi neubertiana Dedov 2010 26 Laciniaria plicata (Draparnaud 1801) 57 Vitrea bulgarica Damjanov, Pinter 1969 27 Lehmannia brunneri (Wagner 1931) 58 Vitrea diaphana (Studer 1820) 28 Lehmania marginata (Müller 1774) 59 Vitrea neglecta Damjanov, Pinter 1969 29 Lehmannia nyctelia (Bourguignat 1861) 60 Zebrina detrita (Müller 1774) 30 Limax cinereoniger Wolf 1803 61 Zonitoides nitidus (Müller 1774) 31 Limax conemenosi Boettger 1882 8.3 Appendix B1-a. Important snail species on Osogovo Mt.
28
Species Other conservation importance
Vitrea diaphana Rare species in Macedonia Vitrea ranojevici Balkan endemic species Bulgarica vetusta Rare species in Macedonia Bulgarica serbica Balkan endemic species Cattania haberhaueri Balkan endemic species Tandonia kusceri Balkan endemic species Tandonia serbica Balkan endemic species Macedonica marginata Rare species in Bulgaria Helix pomatia Economically important species
29
8.4 Appendix B2. List of spiders on Osogovo Mt.
1. Abacoproeces saltuum 35. Anyphaena accentuata 2. Acartauchenius scurrilis 36. Apostenus fuscus 3. Achaearanea tepidariorum 37. Araeoncus anguineus 4. Aculepeira ceropegia 38. Araeoncus humilis 5. Aelurillus v-insignitus 39. Araneus diadematus 6. Agalenatea redii 40. Araneus grossus 7. Agelena labyrinthica 41. Araneus quadratus 8. Agelena orientalis 42. Araneus sturmi 9. Agroeca brunnea 43. Araneus triguttatus 10. Agroeca cuprea 44. Araniella alpica 11. Agroeca inopina 45. Araniella cucurbitina 12. Agyneta cauta 46. Araniella opistographa 13. Agyneta fuscipalpa 47. Archaeodictyna consecuta 14. Allagelena gracilens 48. Arctosa maculata 15. Alopecosa accentuata 49. Arctosa cinerea 16. Alopecosa aculeata 50. Arctosa figurata 17. Alopecosa albofasciata 51. Arctosa leopardus 18. Alopecosa cuneata 52. Arctosa lutetiana 19. Alopecosa etrusca 53. Arctosa stigmosa 20. Alopecosa inquilina 54. Argenna subnigra 21. Alopecosa pentheri 55. Argiope bruennichi 22. Alopecosa pinetorum 56. Argiope lobata 23. Alopecosa pulverulenta 57. Argyroneta aquatica 24. Alopecosa solitaria 58. Asagena phalerata 25. Alopecosa striatipes 59. Asagena meridionalis 26. Alopecosa sulzeri 60. Asthenargus bracianus 27. Alopecosa taeniopus 61. Atypus affinis 28. Alopecosa trabalis 62. Atypus muralis 29. Altella lucida 63. Atypus piceus 30. Amaurobius erberi 64. Aulonia albimana 31. Amaurobius fenestralis 65. Ballus chalybeius 32. Amaurobius pallidus 66. Ballus rufipes 33. Anatolidion gentile 67. Bathyphantes gracilis 34. Antistea elegans 68. Berlandina cinerea
30
69. Berlandina nubivaga 105. Clubiona neglecta 70. Bolyphantes alticeps 106. Clubiona pseudoneglecta 71. Bolyphantes luteolus 107. Clubiona similis 72. Brachythele denieri 108. Clubiona terrestris 73. Brachythele langourovi 109. Coriarachne depressa 74. Callilepis cretica 110. Cozyptila blackwalli 75. Callilepis nocturna 111. Cresmatoneta mutinensis 76. Callilepis schuszteri 112. Crosbyarachne silvestris 77. Canariphantes nanus 113. Crustulina guttata 78. Centromerus lakatnikensis 114. Cryphoeca silvicola 79. Centromerus silvicola 115. Cryptodrassus hungaricus 80. Centromerus sylvaticus 116. Cybaeus balkanus 81. Ceratinella brevis 117. Cyclosa sierrae 82. Ceratinella major 118. Cyrba algerina 83. Ceratinella brevipes 119. Dasumia kusceri 84. Ceratinella scabrosa 120. Dictyna arundinacea 85. Cercidia prominens 121. Dictyna civica 86. Cetonana laticeps 122. Dictyna latens 87. Chalcoscirtus infimus 123. Dictyna latens 88. Cheiracanthium elegans 124. Dictyna uncinata 89. Cheiracanthium erraticum 125. Dicymbium tibiale 90. Cheiracanthium mildei 126. Diplocephalus cristatus 91. Cheiracanthium montanum 127. Diplocephalus foraminifer 92. Cheiracanthium pelasgicum 128. Diplocephalus graecus 93. Cheiracanthium pennyi 129. Diplocephalus latifrons 94. Cicurina cicur 130. Diplocephalus picinus 95. Civizelotes caucasius 131. Diplostyla concolor 96. Civizelotes gracilis 132. Dipoena 97. Civizelotes pygmaeus 133. Dipoena 98. Clubiona alpicola 134. Dipoena coracina 99. Clubiona caerulescens 135. Dipoena inornata 100. Clubiona comta 136. Dipoena melanogaster 101. Clubiona corticalis 137. Dismodicus elevatus 102. Clubiona diversa 138. Drassodes cupreus 103. Clubiona genevensis 139. Drassodes lapidosus 104. Clubiona lutescens 140. Drassodes lutescens
31
141. Drassodes pubescens 177. Euryopis quinqueguttata 142. Drassyllus crimeaensis 178. Euryopis flavomaculata 143. Drassyllus lutetianus 179. Evarcha arcuata 144. Drassyllus praeficus 180. Evarcha falcata 145. Drassyllus pusillus 181. Evarcha laetabunda 146. Drassyllus villicus 182. Evarcha michailovi 147. Dysdera granulata 183. Frontinellina frutetorum 148. Dysdera halkidikii 184. Geolycosa vultuosa 149. Dysdera longirostris 185. Gibbaranea bituberculata 150. Dysdera ninnii 186. Gibbaranea gibbosa 151. Dysdera pectinata 187. Gibbaranea omoeda 152. Dysdera punctata 188. Gibbaranea ullrichi 153. Dysdera taurica 189. Glyptogona sextuberculata 154. Echemus angustifrons 190. Gnaphosa bicolor 155. Enoplognatha quadripunctata 191. Gnaphosa lucifuga 156. Enoplognatha afrodite 192. Gnaphosa lugubris 157. Enoplognatha latimana 193. Gnaphosa modestior 158. Enoplognatha macrochelis 194. Gnaphosa opaca 159. Enoplognatha oelandica 195. Gonatium nemorivagum 160. Enoplognatha ovata 196. Gonatium hilare 161. Enoplognatha thoracica 197. Gonatium orientale 162. Episinus maculipes 198. Gonatium paradoxum 163. Episinus truncatus 199. Gonatium rubellum 164. Eresus kollari 200. Gonatium rubens 165. Erigone atra 201. Gongylidiellum latebricola 166. Erigone dentipalpis 202. Gongylidium rufipes 167. Erigonoplus spinifemuralis 203. Hahnia helveola 168. Ero aphana 204. Hahnia nava 169. Euophrys frontalis 205. Hahnia ononidum 170. Euophrys frontalis 206. Hahnia pusilla 171. Euophrys herbigrada 207. Haplodrassus dalmatensis 172. Euophrys rufibarbis 208. Haplodrassus aenus 173. Eurocoelotes falciger 209. Haplodrassus bohemicus 174. Eurocoelotes jurinitschi 210. Haplodrassus signifer 175. Eurocoelotes karlinskii 211. Haplodrassus silvestris 176. Eurocoelotes kulczynskii 212. Harpactea bulgarica
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213. Harpactea hombergi 249. Lepthyphantes leprosus 214. Harpactea mariae 250. Leptodrassus albidus 215. Harpactea rubicunda 251. Leptorchestes berolinensis 216. Harpactea saeva 252. Lessertinella carpatica 217. Harpactea srednagora 253. Linyphia hortensis 218. Heliophanus lineiventris 254. Linyphia triangularis 219. Heliophanus aeneus 255. Liocranum rupicola 220. Heliophanus auratus 256. Liocranum rutilans 221. Heliophanus cupreus 257. Lycosa praegrandis 222. Heliophanus equester 258. Lycosa vultuosa 223. Heliophanus flavipes 259. Macrargus rufus 224. Heliophanus kochii 260. Malthonica campestris 225. Heliophanus melinus 261. Malthonica ferruginea 226. Heliophanus patagiatus 262. Malthonica nemorosa 227. Heliophanus simplex 263. Malthonica rilaensis 228. Heliophanus tribulosus 264. Malthonica silvestris 229. Heriaeus setiger 265. Mangora acalypha 230. Heterotheridion nigrovariegatum 266. Mansuphantes mansuetus 231. Histopona laeta 267. Mansuphantes rectilamellus 232. Histopona torpida 268. Mansuphantess mansuetus 233. Hogna radiata 269. Maso sundevalli 234. Holocnemus pluchei 270. Mecopisthes peusi 235. Hypselistes florens 271. Megalepthyphantes collinus 236. Hypsocephalus pusillus 272. Meioneta rurestris 237. Hypsosinga albovittata 273. Menemerus semilimbatus 238. Hypsosinga heri 274. Mesiotelus scopensis 239. Hypsosinga pygmaea 275. Meta menardi 240. Hypsosinga sanguinea 276. Metellina mengei 241. Hyptiotes paradoxus 277. Metellina merianae 242. Eurocoelotes deltshevi 278. Metellina segmentata 243. Ipa terrenus 279. Micaria albovittata 244. Larinioides cornutus 280. Micaria coarctata 245. Larinioides ixobolus 281. Micaria formicaria 246. Larinioides suspicax 282. Micaria fulgens 247. Lathys stigmatisata 283. Micaria pulicaria 248. Latrodectus tredecimguttatus 284. Micaria rossica
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285. Micrargus herbigradus 321. Ozyptila 286. Micrargus subaequalis 322. Ozyptila atomaria 287. Microlinyphia pusilla 323. Ozyptila blackwalli 288. Micrommata ligurina 324. Ozyptila claveata 289. Micrommata virescens 325. Ozyptila confluens 290. Microneta viaria 326. Ozyptila praticola 291. Mimetus laevigatus 327. Ozyptila pullata 292. Minicia marginella 328. Ozyptila sanctuaria 293. Misumena vatia 329. Ozyptila scabricula 294. Moebelia penicillata 330. Pachygnatha clerckoides 295. Monaeses paradoxus 331. Pachygnatha clercki 296. Nematogmus sanguinolentus 332. Pachygnatha degeeri 297. Nemesia pannonica coheni 333. Palliduphantes byzantinus 298. Neon levis 334. Palliduphantes pallidus 299. Neoscona adianta 335. Paliduphantes trnovensis 300. Neoscona subfusca 336. Parasteatoda tepidariorum 301. Neottiura bimaculata 337. Parasyrisca 302. Neriene clathrata 338. Pardosa 303. Neriene emphana 339. Pardosa drenskii 304. Neriene montana 340. Pardosa agrestis 305. Neriene peltata 341. Pardosa agricola 306. Neriene radiata 342. Pardosa alacris 307. Nesticus cellulanus 343. Pardosa albatula 308. Nigma flavescens 344. Pardosa amentata 309. Nomisia aussereri 345. Pardosa atomaria 310. Nomisia exornata 346. Pardosa bifasciata 311. Nuctenea silvicultrix 347. Pardosa blanda 312. Nuctenea umbratica 348. Pardosa consimilis 313. Nurscia albomaculata 349. Pardosa drenskii 314. Oedothorax agrestis 350. Pardosa hortensis 315. Oedothorax apicatus 351. Pardosa lugubris 316. Oedothorax fuscus 352. Pardosa mixta 317. Oedothorax retusus 353. Pardosa monticola 318. Oxyopes heterophthalmus 354. Pardosa morosa 319. Oxyopes lineatus 355. Pardosa palustris 320. Oxyopes nigripalpis 356. Pardosa prativaga
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357. Pardosa proxima 393. Phrurolithus nigrinus 358. Pardosa pullata 394. Phrurolithus szilyi 359. Pardosa riparia 395. Phylloneta impressa 360. Pardosa tasevi 396. Pirata hygrophilus 361. Pardosa vlijmi 397. Pirata piraticus 362. Parzygiella montana 398. Pirata piscatorius 363. Pellenes brevis 399. Pirata tenuitarsis 364. Pellenes geniculatus 400. Piratula knorri 365. Pellenes moreanus 401. Piratula latitans 366. Pellenes nigrociliatus 402. Pisaura mirabilis 367. Pellenes seriatus 403. Pistius truncatus 368. Pelecopsis elongata 404. Platnickina tincta 369. Pelecopsis laptevi 405. Pocadicnemis juncea 370. Pelecopsis loksai 406. Pocadicnemis pumila 371. Pelecopsis parallela 407. Poecilochroa variana 372. Pellenes nigrociliatus 408. Porrhomma convexum 373. Pellenes seriatus 409. Prinerigone vagans 374. Pellenes tripunctatus 410. Pritha nana 375. Peponocranium orbiculatum 411. Pseudeuophrys erratica 376. Philaeus chrysops 412. Pseudeuophrys obsoleta 377. Philodromus aureolus 413. Pseudicius picaceus 378. Philodromus cespitum 414. Psilochorus simoni 379. Philodromus collinus 415. Robertus arundineti 380. Philodromus dispar 416. Robertus frivaldszkyi 381. Philodromus emarginatus 417. Robertus lividus 382. Philodromus fuscomarginatus 418. Robertus mediterraneus 383. Philodromus margaritatus 419. Runcinia grammica 384. Philodromus poecilus 420. Sagana rutilans 385. Philodromus praedatus 421. Salticus scenicus 386. Philodromus rufus 422. Salticus zebraneus 387. Phlegra fasciata 423. Sauron rayi 388. Pholcomma gibbum 424. Scotargus pilosus 389. Pholcus opilionoides 425. Scotolathys simplex 390. Pholcus phalangioides 426. Scotophaeus quadripunctatus 391. Phrurolithus festivus 427. Scytodes thoracica 392. Phrurolithus minimus 428. Segestria bavarica
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429. Segestria senoculata 465. Tenuiphantes mengei 430. Sibianor 466. Tenuiphantes tenebricola 431. Silometopus reussi 467. Tenuiphantes tenuis 432. Singa hamata 468. Tetragnatha montana 433. Singa nitidula 469. Tetragnatha extensa 434. Sintula corniger 470. Tetragnatha obtusa 435. Sintula retroversus 471. Tetragnatha pinicola 436. Sintula spiniger 472. Textrix caudate 437. Sitticus penicillatus 473. Thanatus arenarius 438. Sitticus pubescens 474. Thanatus arenarius 439. Sitticus rupicola 475. Thanatus atratus 440. Spermophora senoculata 476. Thanatus formicinus 441. Steatoda bipunctata 477. Thanatus imbecillus 442. Steatoda grossa 478. Thanatus pictus 443. Steatoda meridionalis 479. Thanatus sabulosus 444. Steatoda paykulliana 480. Thanatus vulgaris 445. Steatoda phalerata 481. Theonina cornix 446. Steatoda triangulosa 482. Theridion adrianopoli 447. Steatoda triangulosa 483. Theridion italiense 448. Stemonyphantes lineatus 484. Theridion betteni 449. Syedra gracilis 485. Theridion cinereum 450. Synaphris 486. Theridion mystaceum 451. Synema globosum 487. Theridion nigrovariegatum 452. Synema plorator 488. Theridion varians 453. Synema utotchkini 489. Thomisus onustus 454. Tallusia vindobonensis 490. Tibellus macellus 455. Talavera aequipes 491. Tibellus oblongus 456. Tapinocyba pallens 492. Tiso vagans 457. Tapinopa longidens 493. Titanoeca 458. Tegenaria paragamiani 494. Titanoeca flavicoma 459. Tegenaria agrestis 495. Titanoeca quadriguttata 460. Tegenaria domestica 496. Titanoeca schineri 461. Tegenaria parietina 497. Titanoeca tristis 462. Tenuiphantes flavipes 498. Tmarus piger 463. Tenuiphantes floriana 499. Tmarus stellio 464. Tenuiphantes jacksoni 500. Trachyzelotes barbatus
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501. Trachyzelotes malkini 537. Xysticus abditus 502. Trachyzelotes pedestris 538. Xysticus acerbus Thorell, 1872 503. Trichoncoides piscator 539. Xysticus audax 504. Trichoncus affinis 540. Xysticus bifasciatus 505. Trichoncus hackmani 541. Xysticus caperatus 506. Trichopterna cito 542. Xysticus cor 507. Trochosa hispanica 543. Xysticus cristatus 508. Trochosa ruricola 544. Xysticus erraticus 509. Trochosa terricola 545. Xysticus gallicus 510. Troglohyphantes 546. Xysticus kempeleni 511. Troglohyphantes kratochvili 547. Xysticus kochi 512. Troglohyphantes inermis 548. Xysticus lanio 513. Troxochrus scabriculus 549. Xysticus luctator 514. Typhochrestus penevi 550. Xysticus luctuosus 515. Uloborus walckenaerius 551. Xysticus macedonicus 516. Uroctea durandi 552. Xysticus marmoratus 517. Walckenaeria acuminata 553. Xysticus ninnii 518. Walckenaeria simplex 554. Xysticus robustus 519. Walckenaeria stylifrons 555. Xysticus sabulosus 520. Walckenaeria alticeps 556. Xysticus ulmi 521. Walckenaeria antica 557. Zelotes apricorum 522. Walckenaeria capito 558. Zelotes atrocaeruleus 523. Walckenaeria corniculans 559. Zelotes balcanicus 524. Walckenaeria cucullata 560. Zelotes cingarus 525. Walckenaeria dysderoides 561. Zelotes electus 526. Walckenaeria furcillata 562. Zelotes erebeus 527. Walckenaeria mitrata 563. Zelotes exiguus 528. Walckenaeria monoceros 564. Zelotes fulvaster 529. Walckenaeria obtusa 565. Zelotes hermani 530. Xerolycosa miniata 566. Zelotes latreillei 531. Xerolycosa nemoralis 567. Zelotes longipes 532. Xysticus graecus 568. Zelotes oblongus 533. Xysticus acerbus 569. Zelotes petrensis 534. Xysticus kaznakovi 570. Zelotes segrex 535. Xysticus kempeleni 571. Zelotes similis 536. Xysticus robustus 572. Zelotes subterraneus
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573. Zelotes talpinus 582. Zodarion thoni 574. Zelotes talpinus 583. Zora armillata 575. Zilla diodia 584. Zora manicata 576. Zodarion aculeatum 585. Zora nemoralis 577. Zodarion frenatum 586. Zora silvestris 578. Zodarion geticum 587. Zora spinimana 579. Zodarion hauseri 580. Zodarion morosum 581. Zodarion ochridense
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8.5 Appendix B2-a. List of important spider species on Osogovo Mt.
Species Conservation importance 1. Atypus piceus rare species 2. Brachythele denieri Balkan endemic 3. Brachythele langourovi Balkan endemic 4. Nemesia pannonica coheni Balkan endemic 5. Scytodes thoracica rare species 6. Segestria senoculata rare species 7. Dasumia kusceri Balkan endemic 8. Dysdera pectinata Balkan endemic 9. Dysdera punctata Balkan endemic 10. Dysdera halkidikii Balkan endemic 11. Harpactea bulgarica Balkan endemic 12. Harpactea homergi rare species 13. Harpactea saeva rare species 14. Harpactea srednagora Balkan endemic 15. Harpactea mariae Local endemic 16. Eresus kollari European red list 17. Eresus cinnaberinus rare species 18. Hyptiotes paradoxus rare species 19. Uloborus walckenaerius rare species 20. Nesticus cellulanus rare species 21. Crustulina guttata rare species 22. Dipoena inornata rare species 23. Enoplognatha thoracica rare species 24. Episinus maculipes rare species 25. Episinus truncatus rare species 26. Steatoda meridionalis rare species 27. Theridion betteni Rare species 28. Theridion mystaceum Rare species 29. Theridion adrianopoli Balkan endemic 30. Agyneta cauta Rare species 31. Araeoncus anguineus Rare species 32. Centromerus sylvaticus Rare species
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Species Conservation importance 33. Centromerus lakatnikensis Balkan endemic 34. Ceratinella scabrosa Rare species 35. Erigone atra Rare species 36. Gonatium hilare rare species 37. Gonatium orientale Rare species 38. Gonatium paradoxum Rare species 39. Lepthyphantes jacksoni Rare species 40. Mansuphantes rectilamellus Balkan endemic 41. Mansuphantes mansuetus Rare species 42. Palliduphantes byzantinus Balkan endemic 43. Palliduphantes trnovensis Balkan endemic 44. Tenuiphantes floriana Balkan endemic 45. Tenuiphantes mengei Rare species 46. Macrargus rufus Rare species 47. Moebelia penicillata Rare species 48. Pelecopsis elongata Rare species 49. Pocadicnemis pumila Rare species 50. Porrhomma convexum Rare species 51. Stemonyphantes lineatus Rare species 52. Tapinopa longidens Rare species 53. Tiso vagans Rare species 54. Trichoncus affinis Rare species 55. Trichoncus hackmani Rare species 56. Walckenaeria corniculans Rare species 57. Walckenaeria cucullata Rare species 58. Walckenaeria obtusa Rare species 59. Agalenatea redii Rare species 60. Araneus grossus rare species 61. Araniella alpica rare species 62. Parzygiella montana rare species 63. Alopecosa sulzeri rare species 64. Arctosa figurata rare species 65. Arctosa lutetiana rare species 66. Lycosa vultuosa rare species
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Species Conservation importance 67. Pardosa albatula Balkan endemic 68. Pardosa blanda rare species 69. Pardosa drenskii Balkan endemic 70. Pirata knorri rare species 71. Histopona laeta Balkanic -Carpathian endemic 72. Inermocoelotes deltshevi Balkan endemic 73. Inermocoelotes kulczynskii Balkan endemic 74. Tegenaria montana Bulgarian endemic 75. Tegenaria rilaensis Bulgarian endemic 76. Textrix caudata rare species 77. Argyroneta aquatica rare species 78. Cybaeus balkanus Balkan endemic 79. Cryphoeca silvicola rare species 80. Hahnia ononidum rare species 81. Cicurina cicur rare species 82. Dictyna arundinacea rare species 83. Dictyna civica rare species 84. Dictyna latens rare species 85. Amaurobius erberi Rare species 86. Eurocoelotes jurinitschi Balkan endemic 87. Eurocoelotes karlinskii Balkan endemic 88. Eurocoelotes kulczynskii Balkan endemic 89. Titanoeca quadriguttata rare species 90. Titanoeca tristis rare species 91. Anyphaena accentuata rare species 92. Apostenus fuscus rare species 93. Liocranum rupicola rare species 94. Liocranum rutilans rare species 95. Phrurolithus festivus rare species 96. Phrurolithus szilyi rare species 97. Cetonana laticeps rare species 98. Zodarion aculeatum Balkan endemic 99. Zodarion geticum rare species 100. Zodarion hauseri Balkan endemic
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Species Conservation importance 101. Zodarion ochridense Balkan endemic 102. Berlandina nubivaga rare species 103. Callilepis nocturna rare species 104. Callilepis schuszteri rare species 105. Drassodes cupreus rare species 106. Echemus angustifrons rare species 107. Micaria formicaria rare species 108. Micaria fulgens rare species 109. Poecilochroa variana rare species 110. Scotophaeus quadripunctatus rare species 111. Zora nemoralis rare species 112. Zora silvestris rare species 113. Philodromus fuscomarginatus rare species 114. Philodromus margaritatus rare species 115. Philodromus poecilus rare species 116. Thanatus sabulosus rare species 117. Coriarachne depressa rare species 118. Monaeses paradoxus rare species 119. Tmarus piger rare species 120. Xysticus audax rare species 121. Xysticus bifasciatus rare species 122. Xysticus cor rare species 123. Xysticus erraticus rare species 124. Xysticus gallicus rare species 125. Xysticus kempeleni rare species 126. Xysticus macedonicus Alpine -Balkanic species 127. Xysticus robustus rare species 128. Xysticus sabulosus rare species 129. Pseudeuophrys erratica rare species 130. Euophrys frontalis rare species 131. Heliophanus patagiatus rare species 132. Heliophanus tribulosus rare species 133. Leptorchestes berolinensis rare species 134. Menemerus semilimbatus rare species
42
Species Conservation importance 135. Pellenes moreanus Balkan endemic 136. Pellenes seriatus rare species
43
8.6 Appendix B3. List of species of Orthopterans on Osogovo Mt.
BLATTODEA Ectibiidae: Ectobiinae 1. Ectobius balcani Ramme, 1923
MANTODEA Empusidae: Empusinae 2. Empusa fasciata Brulle, 1836 Mantidae: Amelinae 3. Ameles heldreichii Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 Mantidae: Mantinae 4. Iris oratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) 5. Mantis religiosa Linnaeus, 1758
DERMAPTERA Forficulidae 6. Forficula auricularia Linnaeus, 1758
ORTHOPTERA Ensifera Tettigonioidea Phaneropteridae Phaneropterinae 7. Phaneroptera falcata (Poda, 1761) 8. Phaneroptera nana Fieber, 1853 9. Tylopsis lilifolia (Fabricius, 1793)
Barbitistinae 10. Leptophyes punctatissima (Bosc, 1792) 11. Leptophyes albovittata (Kollar, 1833) 12. Andreiniimon nuptialis (Karny, 1913) 13. Isophya speciosa (Frivaldszky, 1865) 14. Isophya modestior Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 15. Ancistrura nigrovittata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878) 16. Poecilimon affinis (Frivaldszky, 1867)
44
17. Poecilimon brunneri (Frivaldszky, 1867) 18. Poecilimon thoracicus (Fieber, 1853) 19. Poecilimon fussii Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 20. Poecilimon schmidtii (Fieber, 1853) 21. Poecilimon zwicki Ramme, 1939 22. Polysarcus denticauda (Charpentier, 1825)
Tettigoniidae Tettigoniinae 23. Decticus albifrons (Fabricius, 1775) 24. Decticus verrucivorus verrucivorus (Linnaeus, 1758) 25. Platycleis (Platycleis) affinis affinis Fieber, 1853 26. Platycleis (Platycleis) albopunctata (Goeze, 1778) 27. Platycleis (Platycleis) intermedia (Serville, 1839) 28. Platycleis (Tessellana) incerta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 29. Platycleis (Tessellana) nigrosignata (Costa, 1836) 30. Platycleis (Tessellana) veyseli Kocak, 1982 31. Platycleis (Montana) macedonica (Berland et Chopard, 1922) 32. Metrioptera tsirojanni Harz et Pfau, 1983 33. Metrioptera domogledi Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882* 34. Pholidoptera rhodopensis Mařan, 1952* 35. Pholidoptera frivaldskyi (Herman, 1871) 36. Pholidoptera fallax (Fischer, 1853) 37. idoptera griseoaptera (De Geer, 1773) 38. Eupholidoptera chabrieri (Charpentier, 1825) 39. Psorodonotus fieberi fieberi (Fieber, 1853)* 40. Pachytrachis gracilis (Brunner ovn Wattenwyl, 1861) 41. Anterastes serbicus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 42. Pterolepis germanica (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1840) 43. Tettigonia viridissima Linnaeus, 1758
Saginae 44. Saga natoliae Serville, 1839
Bradyporinae 45. Bradyporus dasypus (Illiger, 1800)
45
46. Ephippiger ephippiger ephippiger (Fiebig, 1784)
Conocephalinae 47. Ruspolia nitidula (Scopoli, 1786) 48. Conocephalus discolor Thunberg, 1815 49. Conocephalus fuscus (Fabricius, 1793) 50. Meconema thalassinum (De Geer, 1773)
Grylloidea Gryllidae Gryllinae 51. Gryllus campestris Linnaeus, 1758
Nemobiinae 52. Pteronemobius heydenii heydenii (Fischer, 1853)
Oecanthinae 53. Oecanthus pellucens pellucens (Scopoli, 1786)
Gryllotalpidae Gryllotalpinae 54. Gryllotalpa sp.
Myrmecophilidae Myrmecophilinae 55. Myrmecophilus cf. nonveilleri Ingrisch & Pavicevic, 2008*
Caelifera Acridoidea Acrididae Calliptaminae 56. Calliptamus barbarus barbarus (Costa, 1836) 57. Calliptamus italicus (Linnaeus, 1758) 58. Paracaloptenus caloptenoides caloptenoides (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861)
Catantopinae
46
59. Pezotettix giornae (Rossi, 1794) 60. Pseudopodisma fieberi (Scudder, 1897)
Acridinae 61. Acrida ungarica (Herbst, 1786)
Oedipodinae 62. Locusta migratoria cinerascens (Fabricius, 1781) 63. Oedaleus decorus (Germar, 1826) 64. Oedipoda caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) 65. Oedipoda miniata miniata (Pallas, 1771) 66. Oedipoda germanica (Latreille, 1804) 67. Acrotylus insubricus (Scopoli, 1786) 68. Acrotylus patruelis (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838) 69. Aiolopus strepens (Latreille, 1804) 70. Mecostethus parapleurus (Hagenbach, 1822) 71. Psophus stridulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Gomphocerinae 72. Arcyptera fusca (Pallas, 1773) 73. Dociostaurus (Dociostaurus) brevicollis (Eversmann, 1848) 74. Dociostaurus (Notostaurus) anatolicus (Krauss, 1896) 75. Euthystira brachyptera (Ocskay, 1826) 76. Omocestus petraeus (Brisout de Barneville, 1855) 77. Omocestus minutus (Brullé, 1832) 78. Omocestus haemorrhoidalis haemorrhoidalis (Charpentier, 1825) 79. Omocestus rufipes (Zetterstedt, 1821) 80. Omocestus viridulus (Linnaeus, 1758) 81. Stenobothrus stigmaticus (Rambur, 1838) 82. Stenobothrus nigromaculatus nigromaculatus (Herrich-Schaffer, 1840) 83. Stenobothrus lineatus lineatus (Panzer, 1796) 84. Stenobothrus rubicundulus Kruseman et Jeekel, 1967 85. Myrmeleotettix maculatus (Thunberg, 1815) 86. Gomphocerus sibiricus sibiricus (Linnaeus, 1767) 87. Stauroderus scalaris scalaris (Fischer de Waldheim, 1846) 88. Euchorthippus declivus (Brisout de Barneville, 1849)
47
89. Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt, 1821) 90. Chorthippus dorsatus (Zetterstedt, 1821) 91. Chorthippus cf. dorsatus (Zetterstedt, 1821) X dichrous (Eversmann, 1848) 92. Chorthippus loratus (Fischer de Waldheim, 1846) 93. Chorthippus oschei v. Helversen, 1986 94. Chorthippus apricarius apricarius (Linnaeus, 1758) 95. Chorthippus mollis mollis (Charpentier, 1825) 96. Chorthippus bornhalmi Harz, 1971 97. Chorthippus biguttulus euhedickei Helversen, 1989 98. Gomphocerippus rufus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tetrigoidea Tetrigidae 99. Tetrix subulata (Linnaeus, 1758) 100. Tetrix bolivari Saulcy, 1901 101. Tetrix tenuicornis Sahlberg, 1893 102. Tetrix bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 103. Tetrix tuerki (Krauss, 1876) 104. Depressotetrix depressus (Brisout de Barneville, 1849)
Tridactyloidea Tridactylidae 105. Xya pfaendleri (Harz, 1970)
48
8.7 Appendix B3-a. Important species of Orhoptera and related orders on Osogovo Mt.
Habitats IUCN Red Species of special Species Endemic status Directive Lists regional importance 1. Ectobius balcani - - Balkan endemic - Ramme, 1923 2. Empusa fasciata Brulle, - - - Rare species 1836 3. Iris oratoria (Linnaeus, - - - Rare species 1758) 4. Phaneroptera falcata - - - Fragmented distribution (Poda, 1761) 5. Andreiniimon nuptialis Balkan
(Karny, 1913) subendemic 6. Poecilimon zwicki Regional
Ramme, 1939 endemic 7. Isophya speciosa Balkan - - - (Frivaldszky, 1865) subendemic 8. Ancistrura nigrovittata (Brunner von - - Balkan endemic - Wattenwyl, 1878) 9. Platycleis (Montana) Very restricted Regional macedonica (Berland et - - distribution on Osogovo endemic Chopard, 1922) Mt. 10. Metrioptera tsirojanni Typical inhabitant of the Regional Harz et Pfau, 1983 - - forest belt of Osogovo endemic Mt. 11. Metrioptera domogledi Balkan Brunner von - Vulnerable Fragmented distribution subendemic Wattenwyl, 1882 12. Pholidoptera Regional rhodopensis Mařan, - - - endemic 1952 13. Psorodonotus fieberi - - Balkan endemic Fragmented distribution fieberi (Fieber 14. Anterastes serbicus Balkan Brunner von - - - subendemic Wattenwyl 15. Saga natoliae Serville, Fragmented distribution; 1839 - - - Very restricted distribution on Osogovo
49
Habitats IUCN Red Species of special Species Endemic status Directive Lists regional importance 16. Bradyporus dasypus Balkan - - - (Illiger, 1800) subendemic 17. Myrmecophilus cf. nonveilleri Ingrisch & - - Balkan endemic - Pavicevic, 2008 18. Paracaloptenus caloptenoides Annex II, Balkan - Fragmented distribution caloptenoides (Brunner IV subendemic von Wattenwyl, 1861) 19. Chorthippus biguttulus Balkan euhedickei Helversen, - - - subendemic 1989 20. Pseudopodisma fieberi Fragmented distribution (Scudder, 1897) 21. Mecostethus parapleurus Rare species (Hagenbach, 1822) 22. Stenobothrus rubicundulus Kruseman Fragmented distribution et Jeekel, 1967
50
8.8 Appendix B4. List of species of daily butterflies
Papilionidae
1. Papilio machaon L. 2. Parnassius mnemosyne L. 3. Iphiclides podalirius L. 4. Zerynthia cerisy ferdinandi 5. Zerynthia polyxena
Pieridae
1. Aporia crategi L. 2. Pieris brassicae L. 3. Pieris mannii Mayer 4. Pieris balcana Lorkovic 5. Pieris napi L. 6. Pieris rapae L. 7. Pieris ergane 8. Colias alfacariensis Ribbe 9. Colias crocea Geoffroy 10. Colias caucasica balcanica 11. Gonepteryx rhamni L. 12. Leptidea sinapis L. 13. Leptidea duponcheli Staudinger 14. Pontia edusa Edusa 15. Anthocharis cardamines L.
Lycaenidae
1. Celastrina argiolus L. 2. Cupido (Cupido) osiris Meigen 3. Cupido decoloratus 4. Cupido minimus
51
5. Glaucopsyche (Maculinea) arion L. 6. Maculinea alcon 7. Glaucopsyche (Glaucopsyche) alexis Poda 8. Leptotes pirihous 9. Callophrys rubi L. 10. Plebeius (Plebeius) argus L. 11. Plebeius(Plebijides)pylaon Frivadsky (sephirus) 12. Plebeius (Aricia) anteros Freyer 13. Plebeius (Aricia) artaxerxs Geyer 14. Plebeius (Aricia) agestis D.&S. 15. Lycaena candens 16. Lycaena vigaureae L. 17. Lycaena tityrus Poda 18. Lycaena alciphron Staud. 19. Lycaena phleas L. 20. Everes argiades 21. Plebeius argyrognomon 22. Polyommatus (Meleageria) coridon Poda 23. Polyommatus (Meleageria) belargus Rottemburg 24. Polyommatus (Polyommatus) thersites Cantener 25. Polyommatus(Agrodiaetus)ripartii Freyer 26. Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) admetus Esper 27. Polyommatus (Meleageria )daphnis D.&S. 28. Polyommatus (Cyaniris) semiargus Rottemburg 29. Polyommatus (Polyommatus) icarus Rottemburg 30. Polyommatus eroides 31. Scolitantides orion Frühstorfer 32. Pseudophilotes vicrama Hemming
Satyridae
1. Espararge climene 2. Aglais urticae L. 3. Apatura iris L. 4. Apatura ilia
52
5. Araschnia levana L. 6. Brenthis daphne D.&S. 7. Boloria (Clossiana) euphrosyne L. 8. Boloria (Clossiana) dia L. 9. Neptis rivularis Scopoli 10. Neptis sappho Pallas 11. Issoria lathonia L. 12. Limenitis reducta Staudinger 13. Limenitis populi 14. Melitaea athalia Rottemburg 15. Melitaea cinxia L. 16. Melitaea didyma Esper 17. Melitaea trivia D.&S. 18. Inachis io L. 19. Nymphalis antiopa L. 20. Nymphalis polychloros L. 21. Polygonum c-album L. 22. Vanessa atalanta L. 23. Vanessa cardui L. 24. Argynnis paphia L. 25. Argynnis aglaja L. 26. Argynnis adippe D.&S. 27. Argynnis niobe L. 28. Arethusana arethusa D.&S. 29. Coenonympha rhodopensis Elwes 30. Coenonympha pamphilus L. 31. Coenonympha arcania L. 32. Coenonympha glycerion Borkhausen 33. Erebia medusa D.&S. 34. Erebia euryale Esper 35. Erebia ottomana Her.-Sch. 36. Erebia cassioides Hohenwarth 37. Erebia ligea L. 38. Erebia oeme Hübner 39. Erebia pronoe 40. Erebia aethiops
53
41. Lasiommata megera L. 42. Lasiommata maera maera L. 43. Euphydryas aurinia 44. Brenthis hecate 45. Aphantopus hyperantus L. 46. Brintesia circe Fabricius 47. Maniola jurtina L. 48. Melanargia galathea L. 49. Chazara briseis 50. Hipparchia (Neohipparchia) fatua Freyer 51. Hipparchia (Hipparchia) syriaca Staudinger 52. Hipparchia fagi 53. Hipparchia statillinus 54. Pyronia tithonus L. 55. Pararge aegeria Butler
Hesperiidae
1. Pyrgus cynarae 2. Pyrgus malvae L. 3. Pyrgus armoricanus Ober. 4. Pyrgus serratulae Rambur 5. Pyrgus alvaeus 6. Hesperia comma 7. Erynnis tages L. 8. Carcharodus alceae Esper 9. Thymelicus lineola Ochsen. 10. Thymelicus sylvestris Poda 11. Thymelicus acteon 12. Ochlodes venatus Turatu 13. Spialia phlomidi
54
8.9 Appendix B5 – List of Ground Beetles on Osogovo Mountain
Number Species BG MK
1 Leistus (Leistus) ferrugineus (Linnaeus, 1758) + +
2 Leistus (Pogonophorus) magnicollis Motschulsky, 1865 + +
3 Leistus (Pogonophorus) rufomarginatus Duftschmid, 1812 + +
4 Leistus (Pogonophorus) spinibarbis rufipes Chaudoir, 1843 + +
5 Nebria (Eunebria) jockischi jockischi Sturm, 1815 + +
6 Nebria (Nebria) brevicollis (Fabricius, 1792) + +
7 Notiophilus germinyi Fauvel, 1863 + +
8 Notiophilus biguttatus (Fabricius, 1779) + +
9 Notiophilus rufipes Curtis, 1829 +
10 Notiophilus substriatus G. R. Waterhouse, 1833 +
11 Loricera (Loricera) pilicornis pilicornis (Fabricius, 1775) + +
12 Cicindela (Cicindela) campestris campestris Linnaeus, 1758 + +
13 Cicindela (Cicindela) sylvicola Latreille & Dejean, 1822 +
14 Calosoma (Calosoma) sycophanta (Linnaeus, 1758) +
15 Calosoma (Calosoma) inquisitor inquisitior (Linnaeus, 1758) +
16 Calosoma (Campalita) auropunctatum auropunctatum (Herbst, 1784) +
17 Carabus (Archicarabus) montivagus montivagus Palliardi, 1825 + +
18 Carabus (Chaetocarabus) intricatus intricatus Linnaeus, 1761 + +
19 Carabus (Eucarabus) ullrichi fastuosus Palliardi, 1825 + +
20 Carabus (Megodontus) violaceus azurescens Dejean, 1826 + +
21 Carabus (Oreocarabus) hortensis Linnaeus, 1758 + +
22 Carabus (Pachystus) graecus morio Mannerheim, 1830 +
23 Carabus (Pachystus) cavernosus cavernosus Frivaldszky, 1837 + +
24 Carabus (Procerus) gigas gigas Creutzer, 1799 + +
25 Carabus (Procrustes) coriaceus cerisyi Dejean, 1826 + +
26 Carabus (Tomocarabus) convexus dilatatus Dejean, 1826 + +
27 Cychrus semigranosus balcanicus Hopffgarten, 1881 + +
28 Elaphrus (Elaphroterus) aureus aureus P. Muller, 1821 + +
55
Number Species BG MK
29 Elaphrus (Neoelaphrus) uliginosus Fabricius, 1775 +
30 Omophron (Omophron) limbatus (Fabricius, 1776) + +
31 Aptinus (Aptinus) merditanus Apfelbeck, 1918 +
32 Aptinus (Aptinus) bombarda (Illiger, 1800) +
33 Brachinus (Brachynidius) explodens Duftschmid, 1812 + +
34 Brachinus (Brachinus) crepitans Linnaeus, 1758 +
35 Brachinus (Brachinus) psophia Audinet -Serville, 1821 +
36 Brachinus (Brachinus) plagiatus Reiche, 1866 +
37 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) terricola terricola Bonelli, 1813 +
38 Clivina collaris (Herbst, 1784) + +
39 Dyschirius (Dyschiriodes) laeviusculus Putzeys, 1846 + +
40 Dyschirius (Dyschiriodes) politus politus Dejean, 1825 +
41 Broscus cephalotes (Linnaeus, 1758) +
42 Perileptus (Perileptus) areolatus areolatus (Creutzer, 1799) +
43 Duvalius (Duvaliotes) beshkovi Coiffait, 1970 + +
44 Trechus (Trechus) austriacus Dejean, 1831 + +
45 Trechus (Trechus) kobingeri pawlowskianus P. Moravec & Lompe, 2003 +
46 Trechus (Trechus) nigrinus Putzeys, 1847 + +
47 Trechus (Trechus) obtusus obtusus Erichson, 1837 +
48 Trechus (Trechus) priapus medius Meixner, 1939 + +
49 Trechus (Trechus) quadristriatus (Schrank, 1781) + +
50 Trechus (Trechus) subnotatus subnotatus Dejean, 1831 + +
51 Asaphidion flavipes (Linnaeus, 1761) + +
52 Asaphidion rossii (Schaum, 1857) +
53 Bembidion (Bembidion) quadrimaculatum (Linnaeus, 1761) +
54 Bembidion (Bembidionetolitzkya) geniculatum geniculatum Heer, 1837 + +
55 Bembidion (Bembidionetolitzkya) rhodopense Apfelbeck, 1902 #
56 Bembidion (Bembidionetolitzkya) tibiale (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
57 Bembidion (Bembidionetolitzkya) varicolor varicolor (Fabricius, 1803) + +
58 Bembidion (Emphanes) azurescens (Dalla Torre 1877) +
56
Number Species BG MK
59 Bembidion (Emphanes) minimum (Fabricius, 1792) +
60 Bembidion (Emphanes) tenellum Erichson, 1837 +
61 Bembidion (Metallina) lampros (Herbst, 1784) + +
62 Bembidion (Metallina) properans (Stephens, 1828) + +
63 Bembidion (Nepha) caucasicum Motschulsky, 1844 + +
64 Bembidion (Nepha) vseteckai dissimile J. Müller, 1943 +
65 Bembidion (Notaphus) varium (Olivier, 1795) + +
66 Bembidion (Ocydromus) decorum decorum (Zenker, 1801) + +
67 Bembidion (Ocydromus) siculum smyrnense Apfelbeck, 1904 +
68 Bembidion (Ocyturanes) ? pindicum Apfelbeck, 1901 +
69 Bembidion (Peryphanes) brunnicorne Dejean, 1831 + +
70 Bembidion (Peryphanes) dalmatinum dalmatinum Dejean, 1831 + +
71 Bembidion (Peryphanes) deletum deletum Serville, 1821 + +
72 Bembidion (Peryphanes) grandipenne Schaum, 1862 #
73 Bembidion (Peryphanes) stephensi stephensi Crotch, 1869 + +
74 Bembidion (Peryphiolus) monticola monticola Sturm, 1825 ? +
75 Bembidion (Peryphus) femoratum femoratum Sturm, 1825 +
76 Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum vau Netolitzky, 1913 + +
77 Bembidion (Philochtus) mannerheimi C.R.Sahlberg, 1827 +
78 Bembidion (Philochtus) guttula guttula Fabricius, 1792 +
79 Bembidion (Philochtus) lunulatum Geoffroy, 1785 +
80 Bembidion (Princidium) punctulatum punctulatum Drapiez, 1820 + +
Bembidion (Bembidion) quadrimaculatum quadrimaculatum Linnaeus, 81 1761 +
82 Bembidion (Diplocampa) assimile Gyllenhal, 1810 +
83 Bembidion (Trepanes) articulatum (Panzer, 1796) + +
84 Sinechostictus (Sinechostictus) millerianus (Heyden, 1883) + +
85 Sinechostictus (Sinechostictus) tarsicus (Peyron, 1858) + +
86 Sinechostictus (Pseudolimnaeusm) doderoi (Ganglbauer, 1891) +
87 Paratachys bistriatus (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
57
Number Species BG MK
88 Paratachys micros (Fischer -Waldheim, 1828) + +
89 Sphaerotachys haemorrhoidalis (Ponza, 1805) +
90 Tachyta (Tachyta) nana nana (Gyllenhal, 1810) +
91 Tachyura (Tachyura) diabrachys (Kolenati, 1845) + +
92 Tachyura (Tachyura) quadrisignatus (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
93 Abax (Abax) carinatus carinatus (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
94 Abax (Abax) ovalis (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
95 Molops (Molops) robustus robustus Dejean, 1828 + +
96 Molops (Molops) rufipes denteletus Gueorguiev, 1997 + +
97 Molops (Molops) piceus osogovensis Gueorguiev, 1997 + +
98 Myas (Myas) chalybaeus (Palliardi, 1825) + +
99 Poecilus (Poecilus) lepidus lepidus (Leske, 1785) + +
100 Poecilus (Poecilus) versicolor (Sturm, 1824) + +
101 Poecilus (Poecilus) cupreus cupreus Linnaeus, 1758 + +
102 Pterostichus (Argutor) vernalis (Panzer, 1796) +
103 Pterostuchus (Argutor) leonisi Apfelbeck, 1904 +
104 Pterostichus (Argutor) cursor Dejean, 1828 +
Pterostichus (Bothriopterus) oblongopunctatus oblongopunctatus 105 (Fabricius, 1787) + +
106 Pterostichus (Parahaptoderus) brevis brevis (Duftschmid, 1812) +
107 Pterostichus (Parahaptoderus) vecors Tschitscherin, 1896 + +
108 Pterostichus (Petrophilus) melanaruis bulgaricus Lutshnik, 1914 + +
109 Pterostichus (Pseudomaseus) minor minor Gyllenhal, 1827 +
110 Pterostichus (Phonias) diligens Sturm, 1824 + +
111 Pterostichus (Phonias) strenuus (Panzer, 1797) + +
112 Pterostichus (Platysma) niger niger (Schaller, 1783) + +
113 Pterostichus (Pseudomaseus) nigrita (Fabricius, 1792) + +
114 Pterostichus (Pseudomaseus) anthracinus anthracinus Illiger, 1798 + +
115 Pterostichus (Pterostichus) brucki Schaum, 1859 + +
116 Stomis (Stomis) pumicatus (Panzer, 1796) + +
58
Number Species BG MK
117 Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) balcanicus belasicensis Maran, 1933 + +
118 Xenion ignitum (Kraatz, 1875) + +
119 Amara (Amara) aenea (Degeer, 1774) + +
120 Amara (Amara) anthobia Villa, 1833 + +
121 Amara (Amara) communis (Panzer 1797 ) +
122 Amara (Amara) convexior Stephens, 1828 + +
123 Amara (Amara) curta Dejean, 1828 + +
124 Amara (Amara) eurynota (Panzer, 1797) + +
125 Amara (Amara) famelica C. Zimmermann, 1832 +
126 Amara (Amara) familiaris (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
127 Amara (Amara) littorea Thomson, 1857 + +
128 Amara (Amara) lucida (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
129 Amara (Amara) lunicollis Schiodte, 1837 + +
130 Amara (Amara) nitida nitida Sturm, 1825 + +
131 Amara (Amara) ovata (Fabricius, 1792) + +
132 Amara (Amara) montivaga Sturm, 1825 +
133 Amara (Amara) morio nivium Tschitscherine, 1900 +
134 Amara (Amara) proxima Putzeys, 1866 +
135 Amara (Amara) saphyrea Dejean, 1828 + +
136 Amara (Amara) similata (Gyllenhal, 1810) + +
137 Amara (Amara) tibialis (Paykull, 1789) + +
138 Amara (Amara) nigricornis C. G. Thompson, 1857 +
139 Amara (Celia) arenaria Putzeys, 1865 +
140 Amara (Celia) bifrons (Gyllenhal, 1810) +
141 Amara (Amarocelia) erratica (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
142 Amara (Bradytus) apricaria apricaria (Paykull, 1790) + +
143 Amara (Bradytus) consularis (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
144 Amara (Bradytus) fulva (O. F. Muller, 1776) +
145 Amara (Celia) sabulosa Serville, 1821 +
146 Amara (Curtonotus) aulica (Panzer, 1797) + +
59
Number Species BG MK
147 Amara (Percosia) equestris equestris (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
148 Amara (Xenocelia) bischoffi Jedlicka, 1946 +
149 Amara (Xenocelia) fusca Dejean, 1828 + +
150 Amara (Xenocelia) ingenua (Duftschmid, 1812) +
151 Amara (Xenocelia) messae Baliani, 1924 + +
152 Amara (Zezea) fulvipes Audinet -Serville, 1821 +
153 Amara (Zezea) tricuspidata tricuspidata Dejean, 1831 +
154 Amara (Zezea) plebeja Gyllenhal, 1810 +
155 Zabrus (Pelor) spinipes spinipes (Fabricius, 1798) +
156 Zabrus (Pelor) rhodopensis Apfelbeck, 1904 + +
157 Zabrus (Pelor) incrassatus incrassatus Ahrens, 1814 +
158 Agonum (Agonum) duftschmidi Schmidt, 1994 + +
159 Agonum (Agonum) gisellae Csiki, 1931 (= angustatum Dejean, 1828) +
160 Agonum (Agonum) muelleri (Herbst, 1784) + +
161 Agonum (Agonum) sexpunctatum (Linnaeus, 1758) + +
162 Agonum (Agonum) viduum (Panzer, 1797) + +
163 Agonum (Agonum) ? gerdmuelleri J. Schmidt, 1994 +
164 Agonum (Agonum) viridicupreum viridicupreum (Goeze, 1777) + +
165 Agonum (Europhilus) fuliginosum (Panzer, 1809) +
166 Agonum (Europhilus) thoreyi thoreyi Dejean, 1828 +
167 Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidian, 1763) + +
168 Limodromus assimilis (Paykull, 1790) + +
169 Olistopus sturmi (Duftschmid, 1812) +
170 Olisthopus ? rotundatus rotundatus Paykull, 1790 +
171 Paranchus albipes (Fabricius, 1796) + +
172 Oxypselaphus obscurus (Herbst, 1784) +
173 Platynus scrobiculatus serbicus Csiki, 1904 + +
174 Calathus (Calathus) distinguendus Chaudoir, 1846 + +
175 Calathus (Calathus) fuscipes fuscipes (Goeze, 1777) + +
176 + + Calathus (Neocalathus) melanocephalus melanocephalus (Linnaeus,
60
Number Species BG MK
1758)
177 Calathus (Neocalathus) erratus erratus (Sahlberg, 1827) + +
178 Calathus (Neocalathus) ambiguus ambiguus Paykull, 1790 +
179 Calathus (Neocalathus) metallicus aeneus Putzeus, 1873 + +
180 Calathus (Neocalathus) cinctus Motschulsky, 1850 +
181 Calathus (Neocalathus) mollis mollis Marsham, 1802 +
Platyderus (Platyderus) depressus Audinet -Serville, 1821 (= ruficollis Marsham, 182 1802) +
183 Laemostenus (Pristonychus) punctatus (Dejean, 1828) + +
184 Laemostenus (Laemostenus) venustus (Dejean, 1828) +
185 Synuchus (Synuchus) vivalis vivalis (Illiger, 1798) + +
186 Panagaeus (Panagaeus) bipustulatus (Fabricius, 1775) +
187 Panagaeus cruxmajor (Linnaeus, 1758) +
188 Callistus lunatus (Fabricius, 1775) +
189 Chlaenius (Chlaeniellus) nitidulus (Schrank, 1781) + +
190 Chlaenius (Chlaeniellus) vestitus (Paykull, 1790) + +
191 Chlaenius (Chlaenius) festivus festivus Panzer, 1796 +
192 Licinus (Licinus) cassideus cassideus Fabricius, 1792 + +
193 Licinus (Licinus) depressus (Paykull, 1790) +
194 Licinus (Licinus) silphoides (P. Rossi, 1790)
Badister (Badister) bullatus Schrank, 1798 (= bipustulatus Fabricius, 195 1792) + +
196 Oodes (Oodes) helopioides helopioides Fabricius, 1792 +
197 Diachromus germanus Linnaeus, 1758 +
198 Anisodactylus (Anisodactylus) binotatus (Fabricius, 1787) + +
199 Anisodactylus (Anisodactylus) nemorivagus (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
200 Gynandromorphus etruscus etruscus (Quensel, 1806) + +
201 Stenolophus (Stenolophus) teutonus (Schrank, 1781) + +
202 Stenolophus (Stenolophus) discophorus (Fischer -Waldheim 1823) +
203 Stenolophus (Stenolophus) mixtus Herbst, 1784 +
61
Number Species BG MK
204 Stenolophus (Stenolophus) skrimshiranus Stephens, 1828 +
205 Stenolophus (Stenolophus) steveni Krynicki, 1832 +
206 Acupalpus (Acupalpus) flavicollis (Sturm, 1825) + +
207 Acupalpus (Acupalpus) meridianus (Linnaeus, 1761) +
208 Anthracus longicornis (Schaum, 1857) +
209 Parophonus (Parophonus) maculicornis (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
210 Parophonus (Parophonus) dejeani (Csiki, 1932) +
211 Acinopus (Oedematicus) megacephalus (P. Rossi 1794) +
212 Acinopus (Acinopus) picipes (Olivier, 1795) + +
213 Harpalus (Pseudophonus) griseus (Panzer, 1797) +
214 Harpalus (Pseudophonus) rufipes (Degeer, 1774) + +
215 Harpalus (Semiophonus) signaticornis (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
216 Harpalus (Artabas) dispar splendens Gebler 1830 +
217 Harpalus (Harpalus) rufipalpis rufipalpis Sturm, 1818 + +
218 Harpalus (Harpalus) honestus (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
219 Harpalus (Harpalus) sulphuripes sulphuripes Germar, 1824 + +
220 Harpalus (Harpalus) cupreus fastuosus Faldermann, 1836 +
221 Harpalus (Harpalus) albanicus Reitter, 1900 +
222 Harpalus (Harpalus) rubripes (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
223 Harpalus (Harpalus) attenuatus Stephens, 1828 + +
224 Harpalus (Harpalus) atratus Latreille, 1804 + +
225 Harpalus (Harpalus) laevipes Zetterstedt, 1828 + +
226 Harpalus (Harpalus) serripes serripes (Quensel, 1806) + +
227 Harpalus (Harpalus) triseriatus triseriatus Fleischer, 1897 + +
228 Harpalus (Harpalus) pumilus Sturm, 1818 + +
229 Harpalus (Harpalus) tardus (Panzer, 1797) + +
230 Harpalus (Harpalus) anxius Duftschmid, 1812 +
231 Harpalus (Harpalus) subcylindricus Dejean, 1829 +
232 Harpalus (Harpalus) dimidiatus P. Rossi, 1790 +
233 Harpalus (Harpalus) latus (Linnaeus, 1758) + +
62
Number Species BG MK
234 Harpalus (Harpalus) smaragdinus (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
235 Harpalus (Harpalus) saxicola Dejean, 1829 +
236 Harpalus (Harpalus) flavicornis flavicornis Dejean, 1829 +
237 Harpalus (Harpalus) pygmaeus Dejean, 1829 +
238 Harpalus (Harpalus) autumnalis (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
239 Harpalus (Harpalus) affinis (Schrank, 1781) + +
240 Harpalus (Harpalus) distinguendus distinguendus (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
241 Harpalus (Harpalus) punctatostriatus Dejean, 1829 +
242 Harpalus (Harpalus) sp. +
243 Ophonus ( Macrophonus ) oblongus (Schaum, 1858) +
244 Ophonus (Metophonus) laticollis Mannerheim, 1825 + +
245 Ophonus (Metophonus) gammeli (Schauberger, 1932) +
246 Ophonus (Metophonus) parallelus (Dejean, 1829) +
247 Ophonus (Metophonus) puncticeps Stephens, 1828 + +
248 Ophonus (Metophonus) puncticollis (Paykull, 1798) +
249 Ophonus (Metophonus) melletii (Heer, 1837) +
250 Ophonus (Metophonus) brevicollis (Audinet -Serville, 1821) +
251 Ophonus (Metophonus) schaubergerianus Puel, 1937 + +
252 Ophonus (Metophonus) rufibarbis (Fabricius 1792) +
253 Ophonus ( Hesperophonus ) subquadratus (Dejean, 1 829) +
254 Ophonus (Hesperophonus) azureus (Fabricius, 1775) + +
255 Ophonus (Hesperophonus) cribricollis (Dejean, 1829) + +
256 Ophonus (Ophonus) sabulicola ponticus Schauberger, 1926 + +
257 Bradycellus (Bradycellus) caucasicus (Chaudoir, 1846) +
258 Dixus obscurus Dejean, 1825 +
259 Pachycarus (Mystropterus) atrocoeruleus atrocoeruleus (Waltl, 1838) +
260 Lebia (Lebia) cruxminor (Linnaeus, 1758) + +
261 Lebia (Lebia) humeralis Dejean, 1825 +
262 Lebia (Lamprias) cyanocephala Linnaeus, 1758 +
263 Dromius (Dromius) schneideri Crotch, 1870 +
63
Number Species BG MK
264 Philorhizus notatus Stephens, 1827 +
265 Syntomus pallipes (Dejean, 1825) + +
266 Syntomus truncatellus truncatellus (Linnaeus, 1761) + +
267 Microlestes fissuralis Reitter, 1901 + +
268 Microlestes schroederi Holdhaus, 1912 +
269 Microlestes maurus maurus Sturm, 1827 + +
270 Microlestes apterus Holdhaus, 1904 +
271 Microlestes seladon Holdhaus, 1912 +
272 Lionychus (Lionychus) quadrillum (Duftschmid, 1812) + +
273 Cymindis (Cymindis) humeralis (Fourcroy, 1785) + +
274 Cymindis (Cymindis) lineata (Quensel, 1806) + +
275 Cymindis (Cymindis) axillaris axillaris Fabricius, 1794 +
276 Demetrias (Aetophorus) imperialis Germar, 1824 +
277 Zuphium (Zuphium) olens (P. Rossi 1790) +
278 Odacantha (Odacantha) melanura Linnaeus, 1767 +
203 218
64
8.10 Appendix B5-a. Important species of ground beetles on Osogovo Mt
IUCN Glacial Rare Species CORINE BE SE LE LR/nt relict species 1. Acinopus megacephalus ● 2. Agonum gerdmuelleri ● 3. Agonum thoreyi thoreyi ● 4. Agonum fuliginosum ● 5. Amara arenaria ● 6. Amara erratica ● 7. Amara ingenua ● 8. Amara morio nivium ● 9. Amara nigricornis ● 10. Amara sabulosa ● 11. Anthracus longicornis ● 12. Aptinus bombarda ● 13. Aptinus merditanus ● 14. Asaphidion rossii ● 15. Bembidion caucasicum ● 16. Bembidion lunulatum ● 17. Bembidion mannerheimi ● 18. Bembidion minimum ● 19. Bembidion stephensi ● 20. Bembidion vseteckai dissimile ● ● 21. Brachinus plagiatus ● 22. Brachinus psophia ● 23. Bradycellus caucasicus ● 24. Broscus cephalotes ● 25. Calosoma sycophanta ● 26. Carabus cavernosus cavernosus ● 27. Carabus convexus dilatatus ● 28. Carabus gigas gigas ● 29. Carabus intricatus intricatus ● 30. Carabus scabriusculus bulgarus ● 31. Carabus ullrichi fastuosus ● 32. Carabus violaceus azurescens ● 33. Cychrus semigranosus balcanicus ● 34. Duvalius bureschi ●
65
IUCN Glacial Rare Species CORINE BE SE LE LR/nt relict species 35. Dyschirius laeviusculus ● 36. Dyschirius politus ● 37. Elaphrus aureus ● 38. Elaphrus uliginosus ● 39. Harpalus triseriatus triseriatus ● 40. Laemostenus venustus ● 41. Leistus magnicollis ● 42. Licinus depressus ● 43. Loricera pilicornis pilicornis ● 44. Microlestes apterus ● 45. Microlestes seladon ● 46. Molops piceus osogovensis ● 47. Molops robustus robustus ● 48. Molops rufipes denteletus ● 49. Myas chalybaeus ● 50. Nebria jockischi jockischi ● 51. Notiophilus germinyi ● 52. Odacantha melanura ● 53. Olisthopus rotundatus rotundatus ● 54. Olisthopus sturmi ● 55. Ophonus gammeli ● 56. Ophonus jailensis ● 57. Ophonus oblongus ● 58. Pachycarus atrocoeruleus atrocoeruleus ● 59. Panagaeus bipustulatus ● 60. Platynus scrobiculatus serbicus ● 61. Pterostichus brevis ● 62. Pterostichus brucki ● 63. Pterostichus diligens ● 64. Pterostichus minor minor ● 65. Pterostichus vecors ● 66. Sinechostictus doderoi ● 67. Stomis pumicatus ● 68. Tapinopterus balcanicus ● 69. Trechus kobingeri pawlowskianus ● ● 70. Trechus tristis ●
66
IUCN Glacial Rare Species CORINE BE SE LE LR/nt relict species 71. Xenion ignitum ● 72. Zabrus rhodopensis ● 73. Zuphium olens olens ● TOTAL 1 2 16 1 3 3 30 BE - Balkan endemics; SE - Stenoendemics; LE - Local (exclusive) endemics
67
8.11 Appendix B6 - Vertebrates
8.11.1 Table 1. Fish fauna and its valorization in the rivers of Osogovo Region IUCN IUCN Macedonian Bulgarian Bern Species Global European Nature Protection Red Data Convention BG MK RDL RDL Law Book
Alburnoides LC appendix III not protected bipunctatus +
Alburnus CR CR strictly protected macedonicus +
Barbatula LC LC not protected VU barbatula +
Barbus balcanicus + LC LC not protected
Barbus strumicae + LC LC protected
Carassius gibelio + LC LC not protected
Chondrostoma NT NT not protected vardarense +
Cobitis strumicae + LC LC not protected
Cyprinus carpio + VU LC protected
Gobio bulgaricus + + LC LC not protected
Lepomis gibbosus + LC not protected
Oxynoemacheilus LC LC not protected bureschi + +
Phoxinus EN EN strymonicus +
Rhodeus LC LC not protected meridionalis +
Sabanejewia LC LC protected VU balcanica +
Salmo macedonicus + DD DD protected
Silurus glanis + LC LC appendix III not protected
Squalius orpheus + LC LC
Squalius LC LC not protected vardarensis +
Vimba melanops + LC DD not protected VU
68
69
8.11.2 Table 2. Amphibians recorded in the region of Osogovo Mountains, and the criteria for their valorization Macedonian IUCN IUCN Bulgarian Bulgarian Bern Habitats Nature Species Global European biodiversity Red Data Convention directive Protection RDL RDL Law Book BG MK Law
Bombina LC LC appendix II annexes protected variegata + + II; IV
Bufo bufo LC LC appendix III not not protected, + + included protected Annex 3
Hyla arborea LC LC appendix II annex IV protected protected, + + Annex 3
Lissotriton LC LC appendix III not not vulgaris + + included protected
Mesotriton LC LC appendix III not not protected, VU alpestris + included protected Annex 3
Pelophylax LC LC appendix III annex V not ridibundus + + protected
Pseudepidalea LC LC appendix II annex IV protected protected, viridis + Annex 3
Rana LC LC appendix II annex IV protected dalmatina + +
Rana graeca LC LC appendix III annex IV protected protected, + + Annex 3
Rana LC LC appendix III annex V not temporaria + + protected
Salamandra LC LC appendix III not not salamandra + + included protected
Triturus LC LC appendix II annexes protected karelinii + II; IV
70
8.11.3 Table 3. Reptiles of Osogovo Mountains, with the respective international and national valorization criteria. Macedonia Bulgaria IUCN IUCN Bern Habitats Bulgarian n Nature n Red Species Globa Europea Conventio directiv biodiversit Protection Data l RDL n RDL n e y Law BG MK Law Book
Ablepharus LC LC appendix II annex IV protected protected, kitaibelii + + Annex 3
Anguis fragilis NE LC appendix III not not protected, + + included protected Annex 3
Coronella LC LC appendix II annex IV protected protected, austriaca + + Annex 3
Darevskia NT LC appendix III not praticola + included
Dolichophis NE LC appendix III annex IV protected protected, caspius + + Annex 3
Elaphe NT LC appendix II annexes protected protected, EN quatuorlineata + II; IV Annex 3
Emys orbicularis NT NT appendix II annexes protected protected, + II; IV Annex 3
Lacerta agilis + + LC LC appendix II annex IV protected
Lacerta LC LC appendix II annex IV protected trilineata + +
Lacerta viridis + LC LC appendix II annex IV protected
Malpolon LC LC appendix III not not protected, monspessulanu included protected Annex 3 s + +
Natrix natrix LC LC appendix III not not + included protected
Natrix tessellata + + LC LC appendix II annex IV protected
Platyceps LC LC appendix II annex IV protected protected, najadum + Annex 3
Podarcis LC LC appendix II annex IV protected erhardii +
Podarcis LC LC appendix II annex IV protected muralis + +
Podarcis LC LC appendix II annex IV not tauricus + + protected
71
Macedonia Bulgaria IUCN IUCN Bern Habitats Bulgarian n Nature n Red Species Globa Europea Conventio directiv biodiversit Protection Data l RDL n RDL n e y Law BG MK Law Book
Testudo graeca VU VU appendix II annexes protected protected, EN + II; IV Annex 3
Testudo NT LC appendix II annexes protected protected, EN hermanni + II; IV Annex 3
Typhlops NE LC appendix III not not protected, vermicularis + included protected Annex 3
Vipera LC LC appendix II annex IV protected ammodytes + +
Vipera berus LC LC appendix III not not + + included protected
Zamenis LC LC appendix II annex IV protected protected, longissimus + + Annex 3
Zootoca LC LC appendix III not not protected, vivipara + + included protected Annex 3
72
8.11.4 Table 4. Bird species recorded breeding on Osogovo Mountains, with criteria for their valorisation. r– resident, b – migratory breeder, () – status provisional Maced Bulgari Macedo Bern Bonn Bulgarian onian Birds an Red nian Species BG MK IUCN SPEC ETS Conventi Conventi Biodivers Law Directive Data Law on on on ity Law on Book hunting Nature
Accipiter + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 EN not without gentilis SPEC included II II protec protecti ted on
Accipiter + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 EN strictly permane nisus SPEC included II II protec nt ted protecti on
Acrocephalu + LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a s SPEC included II II protec game arundinaceu ted species s
Aegithalos + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a caudatus SPEC included III included protec game ted species
Aegolius + LC Non - (S) Annex I Appendix Not Annexes VU not not a funereus SPEC II included 2; 3 protec game ted species
Alauda + b LC SPEC (H) Annex Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a arvensis Cat. II/B III included protec game 3 ted species
Alcedo + LC SPEC H Annex I Appendix Not Annexes not not a atthis Cat. II included 2; 3 protec game 3 ted species
Alectoris + b NT SPEC (D) Annexes Appendix Not Annexes EN protec seasonal graeca Cat. I; II/A III included 2; 4 ted protecti 2 on
Anthus + b LC SPEC (D) Annex I Appendix Not Annexes not not a campestris Cat. II included 2; 3 protec game 3 ted species
Anthus + b LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a spinoletta SPEC included II included protec game ted species
73
Maced Bulgari Macedo Bern Bonn Bulgarian onian Birds an Red nian Species BG MK IUCN SPEC ETS Conventi Conventi Biodivers Law Directive Data Law on on on ity Law on Book hunting Nature
Anthus + b LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a trivialis SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Apus apus + b LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a SPEC included III included protec game ted species
Apus + LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a pallidus SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Aquila + r LC SPEC R Annex I Appendix Appendix Annexes VU strictly permane chrysaetos Cat. II II 2; 3 protec nt 3 ted protecti on
Aquila r VU SPEC R Annex I Appendix Appendic Annexes CR strictly permane heliaca Cat. II es I; II 2; 3 protec nt 1 ted protecti on
Asio otus + LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 strictly permane SPEC included II included protec nt ted protecti on
Athene + r LC SPEC (D) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 strictly permane noctua Cat. included II included protec nt 3 ted protecti on
Bubo bubo + b LC SPEC (H) Annex I Appendix Not Annexes EN strictly permane Cat. II included 2; 3 protec nt 3 ted protecti on
Burhinus b LC SPEC (V Annex I Appendix Appendix Annexes VU strictly permane oedicnemus Cat. U) II II 2; 3 protec nt 3 ted protecti on
Buteo buteo + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 strictly permane SPEC included II II protec nt ted protecti on
74
Maced Bulgari Macedo Bern Bonn Bulgarian onian Birds an Red nian Species BG MK IUCN SPEC ETS Conventi Conventi Biodivers Law Directive Data Law on on on ity Law on Book hunting Nature
Buteo + b LC SPEC (V Annex I Appendix Appendix Annexes VU strictly permane rufinus Cat. U) II II 2; 3 protec nt 3 ted protecti on
Calandrella b LC SPEC D Annex I Appendix Not Annexes VU not not a brachydactyl Cat. II included 2; 3 protec game a 3 ted species
Caprimulgus + b LC SPEC (H) Annex I Appendix Not Annexes not not a europaeus Cat. II included 2; 3 protec game 2 ted species
Carduelis + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a carduelis SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Carpodacus + LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a erythrinus SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Cecropis + b LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a daurica SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Certhia b LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a brachydactyl SPEC- included II included protec game a E ted species
Certhia + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a familiaris SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Cettia cetti b LC Non - S Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 EN not not a SPEC included II II protec game ted species
Charadrius + LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 VU not not a dubius SPEC included II II protec game ted species
Chloris + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a chloris SPEC- included II included protec game E ted species
Ciconia + LC SPEC H Annex I Appendix Appendix Annexes VU strictly permane ciconia Cat. II II 2; 3 protec nt 2 ted protecti on
75
Maced Bulgari Macedo Bern Bonn Bulgarian onian Birds an Red nian Species BG MK IUCN SPEC ETS Conventi Conventi Biodivers Law Directive Data Law on on on ity Law on Book hunting Nature
Ciconia + b LC SPEC R Annex I Appendix Appendix Annexes VU strictly permane nigra Cat. II II 2; 3 protec nt 2 ted protecti on
Cinclus + b LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a cinclus SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Circaetus + b LC SPEC (R) Annex I Appendix Appendix Annexes VU strictly permane gallicus Cat. II II 2; 3 protec nt 3 ted protecti on
Clanga + LC SPEC (D) Annex I Appendix Appendix Annexes VU not not a pomarina Cat. II II 2; 3 protec game 2 ted species
Coccothraus + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a tes SPEC included II included protec game coccothraus ted species tes
Columba + LC Non - (S) Annex Appendix Not Annex 3 protec seasonal livia SPEC II/A III included ted protecti on
Columba + b LC Non - (S) Annex Appendix Not Annex 3 EN protec seasonal oenas SPEC- II/B III included ted protecti E on
Columba + r LC Non - S Annexes Not Not Annex 4 protec seasonal palumbus SPEC- II/A; III/A included included ted protecti E on
Corvus + b LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 NT strictly permane corax SPEC included III included protec nt ted protecti on
Corvus + b LC Non - S Annex Not Not Annex 4 not without corone SPEC II/B included included protec protecti ted on
Corvus + LC Non - (S) Annex Not Not Annex 4 not without monedula SPEC- II/B included included protec protecti E ted on
76
Maced Bulgari Macedo Bern Bonn Bulgarian onian Birds an Red nian Species BG MK IUCN SPEC ETS Conventi Conventi Biodivers Law Directive Data Law on on on ity Law on Book hunting Nature
Coturnix + b LC SPEC (H) Annex Appendix Appendix Annex 4 protec seasonal coturnix Cat. II/B III II ted protecti 3 on
Crex crex + LC SPEC H Annex I Appendix Appendix Annexes VU strictly permane Cat. II II 2; 3 protec nt 1 ted protecti on
Cuculus + b LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a canorus SPEC included III included protec game ted species
Curruca + b LC Non - S Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a communis SPEC- included II II protec game E ted species
Curruca b LC SPEC H Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 VU not not a crassirostris Cat. included II II protec game 3 ted species
Curruca + b LC Non - S Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a curruca SPEC included II II protec game ted species
Curruca + LC Non - S Annex I Appendix Appendix Annexes not not a nisoria SPEC- II II 2; 3 protec game E ted species
Cyanistes + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a caeruleus SPEC- included II included protec game E ted species
Delichon + b LC SPEC (D) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a urbicum Cat. included II included protec game 3 ted species
Dendrocopo r LC Non - (S) Annex I Appendix Not Annexes EN not not a s leucotos SPEC II included 2; 3 protec game ted species
Dendrocopo + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a s major SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Dendrocopo + r LC Non - (S) Annex I Appendix Not Annexes not not a s medius SPEC- II included 2; 3 protec game E ted species
77
Maced Bulgari Macedo Bern Bonn Bulgarian onian Birds an Red nian Species BG MK IUCN SPEC ETS Conventi Conventi Biodivers Law Directive Data Law on on on ity Law on Book hunting Nature
Dendrocopo + r LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a s minor SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Dendrocopo + r LC Non - (S) Annex I Appendix Not Annexes not not a s syriacus SPEC- II included 2; 3 protec game E ted species
Dryocopus + r LC Non - S Annex I Appendix Not Annexes VU not not a martius SPEC II included 2; 3 protec game ted species
Emberiza + r LC SPEC (D) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a calandra Cat. included III included protec game 2 ted species
Emberiza cia + r LC SPEC (H) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a Cat. included II included protec game 3 ted species
Emberiza + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a cirlus SPEC- included II included protec game E ted species
Emberiza + r LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a citrinella SPEC- included II included protec game E ted species
Emberiza + b LC SPEC (H) Annex I Appendix Not Annexes not not a hortulana Cat. III included 2; 3 protec game 2 ted species
Eremophila + b LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 VU not not a alpestris SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Erithacus + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a rubecula SPEC- included II II protec game E ted species
Falco b LC SPEC VU Annex I Appendix Appendix Annexes CR strictly permane biarmicus Cat. II II 2; 3 protec nt 3 ted protecti on
Falco + b LC Non - S Annex I Appendix Appendix Annexes EN strictly permane peregrinus SPEC II II 2; 3 protec nt ted protecti on
78
Maced Bulgari Macedo Bern Bonn Bulgarian onian Birds an Red nian Species BG MK IUCN SPEC ETS Conventi Conventi Biodivers Law Directive Data Law on on on ity Law on Book hunting Nature
Falco + (b) LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 VU strictly permane subbuteo SPEC included II II protec nt ted protecti on
Falco + b LC SPEC D Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 strictly permane tinnunculus Cat. included II II protec nt 3 ted protecti on
Ficedula + b LC Non - (S) Annex I Appendix Appendix Annexes VU not not a parva SPEC II II 2; 3 protec game ted species
Ficedula + b NT SPEC D Annex I Appendix Appendix Annexes VU not not a semitorquat Cat. II II 2; 3 protec game a 2 ted species
Fringilla + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a coelebs SPEC- included III included protec game E ted species
Galerida + r LC SPEC (H) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a cristata Cat. included III included protec game 3 ted species
Garrulus + r LC Non - S Annex Not Not not strictly permane glandarius SPEC II/B included included included protec nt ted protecti on
Granativora b LC SPEC (H) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a melanoceph Cat. included II included protec game ala 2 ted species
Hippolais b LC Non - (S) Annex I Appendix Appendix Annexes VU not not a olivetorum SPEC- II II 2; 3 protec game E ted species
Hirundo + b LC SPEC H Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a rustica Cat. included II included protec game 3 ted species
Iduna + b LC SPEC (H) Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a pallida Cat. included II II protec game 3 ted species
79
Maced Bulgari Macedo Bern Bonn Bulgarian onian Birds an Red nian Species BG MK IUCN SPEC ETS Conventi Conventi Biodivers Law Directive Data Law on on on ity Law on Book hunting Nature
Jynx + b LC SPEC (D) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a torquilla Cat. included II included protec game 3 ted species
Lanius + b LC SPEC (H) Annex I Appendix Not Annexes not not a collurio Cat. II included 2; 3 protec game 3 ted species
Lanius + b LC SPEC (D) Annex I Appendix Not Annexes not not a minor Cat. II included 2; 3 protec game 2 ted species
Lanius + b LC SPEC (D) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a senator Cat. included II included protec game 2 ted species
Linaria + r LC SPEC D Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a cannabina Cat. included II included protec game 2 ted species
Loxia + (b) LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a curvirostra SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Lullula + r LC SPEC H Annex I Appendix Not Annexes not not a arborea Cat. III included 2; 3 protec game 2 ted species
Luscinia + b LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a megarhynch SPEC- included II II protec game os E ted species
Melanocory b LC SPEC (D) Annex I Appendix Not Annexes not not a pha Cat. II included 2; 3 protec game calandra 3 ted species
Merops + b LC SPEC (H) Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a apiaster Cat. included II II protec game 3 ted species
Monticola + b LC SPEC (H) Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a saxatilis Cat. included II II protec game 3 ted species
Motacilla + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a alba SPEC included II included protec game ted species
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Maced Bulgari Macedo Bern Bonn Bulgarian onian Birds an Red nian Species BG MK IUCN SPEC ETS Conventi Conventi Biodivers Law Directive Data Law on on on ity Law on Book hunting Nature
Motacilla + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a cinerea SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Muscicapa + b LC SPEC H Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a striata Cat. included II II protec game 3 ted species
Neophron b EN SPEC EN Annex I Appendix Appendic Annexes EN strictly permane percnopteru Cat. II es I; II 2; 3 protec nt s 3 ted protecti on
Nucifraga + LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a caryocatacte SPEC included II included protec game s ted species
Oenanthe b LC SPEC (H) Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a hispanica Cat. included II II protec game 2 ted species
Oenanthe + b LC SPEC (D) Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a oenanthe Cat. included II II protec game 3 ted species
Oriolus + b LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 strictly permane oriolus SPEC included II included protec nt ted protecti on
Otus scops + b LC SPEC (H) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 strictly permane Cat. included II included protec nt 2 ted protecti on
Parus major + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Passer + r LC SPEC D Not Not Not not not not a domesticus Cat. included included included included protec game 3 ted species
Passer + (b) LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a hispaniolens SPEC included III included protec game is ted species
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Maced Bulgari Macedo Bern Bonn Bulgarian onian Birds an Red nian Species BG MK IUCN SPEC ETS Conventi Conventi Biodivers Law Directive Data Law on on on ity Law on Book hunting Nature
Passer + r LC SPEC (D) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a montanus Cat. included III included protec game 3 ted species
Perdix + b LC SPEC VU Annexes Appendix Not Annex 4 protec seasonal perdix Cat. II/A; III/A III included ted protecti 3 on
Periparus + r LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a ater SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Pernis + b LC Non - (S) Annex I Appendix Appendix Annexes VU strictly permane apivorus SPEC- II II 2; 3 protec nt E ted protecti on
Phoenicurus + b LC Non - S Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a ochruros SPEC included II II protec game ted species
Phoenicurus + b LC SPEC (H) Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 VU not not a phoenicurus Cat. included II II protec game 2 ted species
Phylloscopu + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a s collybita SPEC included II II protec game ted species
Pica pica + (r) LC Non - S Annex Not Not Annex 4 not without SPEC II/B included included protec protecti ted on
Picus canus + b LC SPEC (H) Annex I Appendix Not Annexes EN not not a Cat. II included 2; 3 protec game 3 ted species
Picus viridis + b LC SPEC (H) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a Cat. included II included protec game 2 ted species
Poecile + r LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a lugubris SPEC- included II included protec game E ted species
Poecile + LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a montanus SPEC included II included protec game ted species
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Maced Bulgari Macedo Bern Bonn Bulgarian onian Birds an Red nian Species BG MK IUCN SPEC ETS Conventi Conventi Biodivers Law Directive Data Law on on on ity Law on Book hunting Nature
Poecile + r LC SPEC D Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a palustris Cat. included II included protec game 3 ted species
Prunella + LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 VU not not a collaris SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Prunella + LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a modularis SPEC- included II included protec game E ted species
Ptyonoprog + b LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a ne rupestris SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Pyrrhocorax + (b) LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 VU strictly permane graculus SPEC included II included protec nt ted protecti on
Pyrrhula + r LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a pyrrhula SPEC included III included protec game ted species
Regulus + LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a ignicapilla SPEC- included II II protec game E ted species
Regulus + LC Non - S Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a regulus SPEC- included II II protec game E ted species
Remiz + LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 VU not not a pendulinus SPEC included III included protec game ted species
Rhadina b LC SPEC D Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 NT not not a orientalis Cat. included II II protec game 2 ted species
Rhadina + LC SPEC D Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a sibilatrix Cat. included II II protec game 2 ted species
Riparia + LC SPEC (H) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a riparia Cat. included II included protec game 3 ted species
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Maced Bulgari Macedo Bern Bonn Bulgarian onian Birds an Red nian Species BG MK IUCN SPEC ETS Conventi Conventi Biodivers Law Directive Data Law on on on ity Law on Book hunting Nature
Saxicola + b LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a rubetra SPEC- included II II protec game E ted species
Saxicola + b LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a rubicola SPEC included II II protec game ted species
Scolopax + LC SPEC (D) Annexes Appendix Appendix Annex 4 EN protec seasonal rusticola Cat. II/A; III/B III II ted protecti 3 on
Serinus + b LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a serinus SPEC- included II included protec game E ted species
Sitta + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a europaea SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Sitta b LC Non - (S) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 VU not not a neumayer SPEC- included II included protec game E ted species
Spinus + LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 VU not not a spinus SPEC- included II included protec game E ted species
Streptopelia + (r) LC Non - S Annex Appendix Not Annex 4 protec seasonal decaocto SPEC II/B III included ted protecti on
Streptopelia + b LC SPEC D Annex Appendix Appendix Annex 4 protec seasonal turtur Cat. II/B III II ted protecti 3 on
Strix aluco + b LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 strictly permane SPEC- included II included protec nt E ted protecti on
Sturnus + r LC SPEC D Annex Not Not Annex 4 not without vulgaris Cat. II/B included included protec protecti 3 ted on
Sylvia + b LC Non - S Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a atricapilla SPEC- included II II protec game E ted species
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Maced Bulgari Macedo Bern Bonn Bulgarian onian Birds an Red nian Species BG MK IUCN SPEC ETS Conventi Conventi Biodivers Law Directive Data Law on on on ity Law on Book hunting Nature
Sylvia borin + LC Non - S Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a SPEC- included II II protec game E ted species
Tetrao + LC Non - (S) Annexes Appendix Not Annexes EN not not a urogallus SPEC I; II/B; III included 2; 4 protec game III/B ted species
Tetrastes + LC Non - S Annexes Appendix Not Annexes DD protec seasonal bonasia SPEC I; II/B III included 2; 3 ted protecti on
Troglodytes + r LC Non - S Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a troglodytes SPEC included II included protec game ted species
Turdus + r LC Non - S Annex Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a merula SPEC- II/B III II protec game E ted species
Turdus + r LC Non - (S) Annex Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a philomelos SPEC- II/B III II protec game E ted species
Turdus + LC Non - S Not Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a torquatus SPEC- included II II protec game E ted species
Turdus + r LC Non - S Annex Appendix Appendix Annex 3 not not a viscivorus SPEC- II/B III II protec game E ted species
Upupa + b LC SPEC (D) Not Appendix Not Annex 3 not not a epops Cat. included II included protec game 3 ted species
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8.11.5 Table 5. Mammals of Osogovo Mountains, with the respective international and national valorization criteria. Bulgari Bulgaria Macedoni Macedo an IUCN Habitats n Red an Nature nian Species BG MK IUCN Bern Bonn biodive Europe directive Data Protectio Hunting rsity Book n Law Law Law
Apodemus + LC LC not not not not not a agrarius included included included protected game species
Apodemus + + LC LC not not not not not a epimelas included included included protected game species
Apodemus + + LC LC not not not not not a flavicollis included included included protected game species
Apodemus + + LC LC not not not not not a sylvaticus included included included protected game species
Arvicola + + LC LC not not not not not a terrestris included included included protected game species
Barbastella + + NT VU appendix appendix annexes protect VU protected not a barbastellus II II II; IV ed, game Annex species 3
Canis aureus + LC LC not not annex V not perman included included protected ent protecti on
Canis lupus + + LC LC appendix not not VU not without II included included protected protecti on
Capreolus + + LC LC appendix not not not seasonal capreolus III included included protected protecti on
Cervus elaphus + + LC LC appendix not not not seasonal III included included protected protecti on
Chionomys + LC LC appendix not not NT not not a nivalis III included included protected game species
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Bulgari Bulgaria Macedoni Macedo an IUCN Habitats n Red an Nature nian Species BG MK IUCN Bern Bonn biodive Europe directive Data Protectio Hunting rsity Book n Law Law Law
Crocidura + + LC LC appendix not not not not a leucodon III included included protected game species
Crocidura + LC LC appendix not not not not a suaveolens III included included protected game species
Dama dama + + LC LC appendix not not not seasonal III included included protected protecti on
Dryomys + + LC LC appendix not annex IV NT not not a nitedula III included protected game species
Eptesicus + LC LC appendix appendix annex IV protect not not a serotinus II II ed, protected game Annex species 3
Erinaceus + + LC LC not not not protect not not a roumanicus included included included ed, protected game Annex species 3
Felis silvestris + + LC LC appendix not annex IV EN strictly perman II included protected ent protecti on
Glis glis + + LC LC appendix not not not perman III included included protected ent protecti on
Hypsugo savii + + LC LC appendix appendix annex IV protect not not a II II ed, protected game Annex species 3
Lepus + + LC LC appendix not not NT not seasonal europaeus III included included protected protecti on
Lutra lutra + + NT LC appendix not annexes protect VU strictly perman II included II; IV ed, protected ent Annex protecti
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Lynx lynx + LC LC appendix not annexes protect CR strictly perman III included II; IV ed, protected ent Annex protecti 3 on
Martes foina + + LC LC appendix not not not without III included included protected protecti on
Martes martes + + LC LC appendix not not protect EN not without III included included ed, protected protecti Annex on 3
Meles meles + + LC LC appendix not not protected perman III included included ent protecti on
Micromys + LC LC not not not NT not not a minutus included included included protected game species
Microtus + + LC LC not not not not not a arvalis included included included protected game species
Microtus levis + LC LC not not not not not a included included included protected game species
Microtus + + LC LC not not not not not a subterraneus included included included protected game species
Miniopterus + NT LC appendix appendix annexes protect VU protected not a schreibersii II II II; IV ed, game Annex species 3
Mus musculus + + LC LC not not not not not a included included included protected game species
Muscardinus + LC LC appendix not annex IV protect NT not not a avellanarius III included ed, protected game Annex species
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Bulgari Bulgaria Macedoni Macedo an IUCN Habitats n Red an Nature nian Species BG MK IUCN Bern Bonn biodive Europe directive Data Protectio Hunting rsity Book n Law Law Law
3
Mustela nivalis + + LC LC appendix not not protect not without III included included ed, protected protecti Annex on 3
Mustela + + LC LC appendix not not not without putorius III included included protected protecti on
Myodes + + LC LC not not not not not a glareolus included included included protected game species
Myotis + DD DD appendix appendix annex IV not a alcathoe II II game species
Myotis + LC LC appendix appendix annex IV not a aurascens II II game species
Myotis + NT VU appendix appendix annexes protect VU not not a bechsteinii II II II; IV ed, protected game Annex species 3
Myotis blythii + DD LC appendix appendix annexes protect NT not a II II II; IV ed, game Annex species 3
Myotis brandtii + LC LC appendix appendix annex IV protect not a II II ed, game Annex species 3
Myotis + LC LC appendix appendix annexes protect VU not not a emarginatus II II II; IV ed, protected game Annex species 3
Myotis myotis + + LC LC appendix appendix annexes protect NT not not a II II II; IV ed, protected game Annex species 3
Myotis + + LC LC appendix appendix annex IV protect not not a
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Bulgari Bulgaria Macedoni Macedo an IUCN Habitats n Red an Nature nian Species BG MK IUCN Bern Bonn biodive Europe directive Data Protectio Hunting rsity Book n Law Law Law mystacinus II II ed, protected game Annex species 3
Myotis + LC LC appendix appendix annex IV protect not not a nattereri II II ed, protected game Annex species 3
Neomys + LC LC appendix not not not not a anomalus III included included protected game species
Neomys + + LC LC appendix not not not not a fodiens III included included protected game species
Nyctalus leisleri + LC LC appendix appendix annex IV protect VU not not a II II ed, protected game Annex species 3
Nyctalus + LC LC appendix appendix annex IV protect not not a noctula II II ed, protected game Annex species 3
Ovis aries + NE LC appendix not not not seasonal III included included protected protecti on
Pipistrellus + LC LC appendix appendix annex IV protect not not a kuhlii II II ed, protected game Annex species 3
Pipistrellus + LC LC appendix appendix annex IV protect not not a pipistrellus III II ed, protected game Annex species 3
Plecotus + LC LC appendix appendix annex IV protect not not a austriacus II II ed, protected game Annex species 3
Rattus + LC LC not not not not not a norvegicus included included included protected game
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Bulgari Bulgaria Macedoni Macedo an IUCN Habitats n Red an Nature nian Species BG MK IUCN Bern Bonn biodive Europe directive Data Protectio Hunting rsity Book n Law Law Law
species
Rattus rattus + + LC LC not not not not not a included included included protected game species
Rhinolophus + NT VU appendix appendix annexes protect VU protected not a euryale II II II; IV ed, game Annex species 3
Rhinolophus + + LC LC appendix appendix annexes protect NT not not a ferrumequinum II II II; IV ed, protected game Annex species 3
Rhinolophus + + LC LC appendix appendix annexes protect not not a hipposideros II II III; IV ed, protected game Annex species 3
Sciurus vulgaris + + LC LC appendix not not NT protected perman III included included ent protecti on
Sorex araneus + + LC LC appendix not not not not a III included included protected game species
Sorex minutus + LC LC appendix not not not not a III included included protected game species
Spalax + + DD LC not not not not not a leucodon included included included protected game species
Sus scrofa + + LC LC not not not not seasonal included included included protected protecti on
Talpa europaea + + LC LC not not not not not a included included included protected game species
Ursus arctos + LC LC appendix not annexes protect EN strictly perman II included II; IV ed, protected ent Annex protecti
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Vespertilio + + LC LC appendix appendix annex IV protect not not a murinus II II ed, protected game Annex species 3
Vormela + VU VU appendix not not protect VU protected not a peregusna II included included ed, game Annex species 3
Vulpes vulpes + + LC LC not not not not without included included included protected protecti on
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