DOCSLIB.ORG

Timeline / Before 1800 to 1880 / GREECE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Timeline / Before 1800 to 1880 / GREECE Timeline / Before 1800 to 1880 / GREECE Date Country Theme 1814 Greece Political Context Foundation of the secret organisation Filiki Etaireia (Friendly Society) prepares the ground for the Greek Revolution. 1821 Greece Political Context The Greek Revolution against the Ottoman Empire begins. 1825 Greece Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion The poets Alexandros and Panayotis Soutsos compile their first works, and introduce European Romanticism to a newly liberated Greece. 1827 Greece Political Context The London Treaty: England, Russia and France suggest to the Ottoman Sultan that he should recognise Greek independence. This is the first step towards foundation of the Greek State. 1828 Greece Rediscovering The Past Ioannis Kapodistrias oversees the establishment of Greece’s first museum, the Archaeological Museum of Aegina. 1828 Greece Great Inventions Of The 19th Century The First Governor of the new Greek nation, Ioannis Kapodistrias, orders the foundation of the postal service. 1828 Greece Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion The poem Hymn to Liberty by Dionysios Solomos becomes the Greek National Anthem with music composed by Nikolaos Mantzaros. 1830s Greece Cities And Urban Spaces Eduard Schaubert and Stamatios Kleanthis pioneer the urban redevelopment of Athens, initially under Ioannis Kapodistrias. They produce topographical plans of Athens and, in doing so, lay the foundations for the new capital. 1831 Greece Political Context The First Governor of Greece, Conte Ioannis Kapodistrias, is assassinated. 1834 Greece Rediscovering The Past The Numismatic Museum is established. In 1843, it is amalgamated with the National Library and housed in a room at the University of Athens. Date Country Theme 1834 Greece Cities And Urban Spaces Athens becomes the capital of the newly established state. 1834 Greece Cities And Urban Spaces In October, King Otto issues a decree for reconstruction of the city of Sparta. Over the ancient city Bavarian city-planners, headed by Fr. Staufert, design a city for 100,000 inhabitants based on the Ippodamia system, with wide roads and many squares. 1836 - 1862 Greece Cities And Urban Spaces The Royal Palace (today’s Parliament) is erected under the auspices of the director of the Munich Academy of Arts and official architect of the Bavarian court, Friedrich von Gaertner. 1837 Greece Rediscovering The Past The Archaeological Society of Athens is established. Its aim is to encourage archaeological-excavation management of antiquities in Greece. 1837 Greece Fine And Applied Arts Athens School of the Fine Arts is established with three departments: the School of Crafts, School of Industrial Crafts and the School of Fine Arts. 1837 Greece Reforms And Social Changes The University of Athens opens. It is the first university to be established in the eastern Mediterranean. 1841 Greece Economy And Trade The National Bank of Greece is founded. 1843 Greece Fine And Applied Arts The School of the Fine Arts becomes a five-year higher education institution under its director, the architect Lissandros Kautantzoglou. 1851 Greece International Exhibitions Greece is represented by a small stand at the Great Exhibition in London among the Levantine states. 1853 - 1856 Greece Political Context The Crimean War starts in October 1853. On one side is the Russian Empire and on the other the Ottoman Empire, the British Empire, France and the Kingdom of Sardinia. Greece participates with a volunteer corps of 1,000 men as one of Russia’s few allies. Date Country Theme 1858 - 1859 Greece Great Inventions Of The 19th Century Telephone communication is established between the cities of Piraeus and Syros (underwater), and Athens and Patras. 1860 - 1865 Greece Fine And Applied Arts Both Nikolaos Gyzis and Nikiphoros Lytras win scholarships to the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Munich. 1860 - 1874 Greece Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos writes a five-volume History of the Greek Nation, a highly influential historiographical work about the continuity of Greek history since antiquity. 1864 Greece Political Context The Ionian islands are incorporated within the newly established Greek State. 1866 Greece Fine And Applied Arts Nikiphoros Lytras takes up a professorship at the School of the Arts in Athens. 1866 Greece Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion Emmanuel Roidis, one of Greece’s most influential authors, publishes his novel Pope Joan, which is translated into a number of languages. 1866 Greece Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion The poet Kostis Palamas publishes his first collection of verse entitled the Songs of My Fatherland. A major figure on the Greek literary scene, Palamas writes the Olympic Anthem and is nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature. 1869 Greece Great Inventions Of The 19th Century The railway line from the Thesion district in central Athens to the Port of Piraeus opens. 1871 Greece Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion Nikolaos Politis publishes the first volume of his pioneering work on Greek folklore, Study of the Life of Modern Greeks: Modern Greek Mythology. 1873 Greece Economy And Trade Foundation of the Greek Stock Market. 1875 Greece Rediscovering The Past Date Country Theme Excavations begin at Olympia under the German archaeologist Ernst Curtius; they continue under German leadership until World War II..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— Extensions of Remarks E615 HON
    April 12, 2005 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E615 The ties that bind America and Greece go, the nations of Greece and Turkey, will sta- lished himself in the business community as of course, far beyond their parallel and noble bilize the region, and will strengthen the well, owning and operating heavy equipment struggles for freedom. The philosophical and bonds and relationships between the United and providing road construction and land cultural connections, although little known States and the countries involved in the con- clearing for local ranchers. In addition, he has to the public at large, could not be stronger flict. or better assimilated. Such connections were As we commemorate Greek Independence given back to the community through his work born almost at the same time with the birth Day, we are celebrating the strength and the as a public servant for the City of Charlotte. of our nation, if not before. In his excellent resolve of the human spirit as well as man’s He began his service as an Alderman, and study of ‘‘Lincoln at Gettysburg,’’ Gary unbending will in the pursuit of freedom. rose through the rank of Mayor Pro-Tem to Wills tells us: The people of ancient Greece gave us values become Mayor, a post he has held with dis- ‘‘America as a second Athens was an idea and ethics and showed us how to fight for tinction for the past 8 and 1/2 years. whose moment had come in the nineteenth freedom and democracy. Our country, more He has left his mark on the community in century.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Investment in the Port of Piraeus, Greece: the Relevance for the EU and the Netherlands
    Chinese Investment in the Port of Piraeus, Greece: The Relevance for the EU and the Netherlands Frans-Paul van der Putten Clingendael Report Chinese Investment in the Port of Piraeus, Greece: The Relevance for the EU and the Netherlands Frans-Paul van der Putten Senior Research Fellow [email protected] Clingendael Report 14 February 2014 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. Clingendael Institute P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague The Netherlands Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl/ Contents Summary 7 Abbreviations used in this Report 9 Introduction 10 1. Cosco and Piraeus as an Emerging Regional Hub 11 Corporate Profile and Operations 11 The Potential for Expansion 15 The Pioneering Role of Hewlett-Packard’s Distribution Activities at Piraeus 18 2. China’s Interests in the Region 21 3. EU–China Relations 24 Economic Significance for the EU 25 4. Cosco as a State-Owned Enterprise 28 Possible Political Relevance 29 5. The Relevance for Dutch Economic Interests 32 Conclusions 34 Interviews 35 Summary This report aims to provide a preliminary insight into how Cosco’s activities in Piraeus are relevant for: a) EU–China relations; and b) Dutch economic interests. Regarding EU– China relations, the report focuses on implications for trade flows and the relevance of the fact that Cosco is a state-owned company.
    [Show full text]
  • Marathon 2,500 Years Edited by Christopher Carey & Michael Edwards
    MARATHON 2,500 YEARS EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SUPPLEMENT 124 DIRECTOR & GENERAL EDITOR: JOHN NORTH DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS: RICHARD SIMPSON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARATHON CONFERENCE 2010 EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 2013 The cover image shows Persian warriors at Ishtar Gate, from before the fourth century BC. Pergamon Museum/Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin. Photo Mohammed Shamma (2003). Used under CC‐BY terms. All rights reserved. This PDF edition published in 2019 First published in print in 2013 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN: 978-1-905670-81-9 (2019 PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/1019.9781905670819 ISBN: 978-1-905670-52-9 (2013 paperback edition) ©2013 Institute of Classical Studies, University of London The right of contributors to be identified as the authors of the work published here has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Designed and typeset at the Institute of Classical Studies TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory note 1 P. J. Rhodes The battle of Marathon and modern scholarship 3 Christopher Pelling Herodotus’ Marathon 23 Peter Krentz Marathon and the development of the exclusive hoplite phalanx 35 Andrej Petrovic The battle of Marathon in pre-Herodotean sources: on Marathon verse-inscriptions (IG I3 503/504; Seg Lvi 430) 45 V.
    [Show full text]
  • Registration Certificate
    1 The following information has been supplied by the Greek Aliens Bureau: It is obligatory for all EU nationals to apply for a “Registration Certificate” (Veveosi Engrafis - Βεβαίωση Εγγραφής) after they have spent 3 months in Greece (Directive 2004/38/EC).This requirement also applies to UK nationals during the transition period. This certificate is open- dated. You only need to renew it if your circumstances change e.g. if you had registered as unemployed and you have now found employment. Below we outline some of the required documents for the most common cases. Please refer to the local Police Authorities for information on the regulations for freelancers, domestic employment and students. You should submit your application and required documents at your local Aliens Police (Tmima Allodapon – Τμήμα Αλλοδαπών, for addresses, contact telephone and opening hours see end); if you live outside Athens go to the local police station closest to your residence. In all cases, original documents and photocopies are required. You should approach the Greek Authorities for detailed information on the documents required or further clarification. Please note that some authorities work by appointment and will request that you book an appointment in advance. Required documents in the case of a working person: 1. Valid passport. 2. Two (2) photos. 3. Applicant’s proof of address [a document containing both the applicant’s name and address e.g. photocopy of the house lease, public utility bill (DEH, OTE, EYDAP) or statement from Tax Office (Tax Return)]. If unavailable please see the requirements for hospitality. 4. Photocopy of employment contract.
    [Show full text]
  • Athens & 1 Day Cruise to 3 Argosaronic Islands
    Athens & 1 Day Cruise to 3 Argosaronic Islands Athens – 1 Day Cruise to Aegina, Hydra & Poros 4 Days / 3 Nights Daily Departures Day 1 – Arrival in Athens Upon arrival at Athens International Airport, you will be met by our representative and transferred to your hotel. Balance of the day at leisure. If time permits depending on your arrival time to Athens, you may enjoy one of our optional tours. (Cape Sounion or Athens By Night Tour with Traditional Greek show). Day 2 – Athens After breakfast at hotel, pick up for our Athens Sightseeing Tour. Our Athens Half Day Tour begins with a panoramic drive around Syntagma square, passing by many sightseeing hot spots such as National Garden, Hadrian’s Arch, St. Paul’s Church, Parliament, Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Catholic Cathedral and Schliemann’s House. We will then drive past the Athens Trilogy which includes the University of Athens, the Academy of Athens, and the National Library. Our licensed guide will make you feel as if you are experiencing firsthand Athens’s old and new history as you look at these stately buildings. We continue for a photo stop at Panathenaic Stadium, otherwise known as Kallimarmaro Stadium, where the first Olympic Games took place in 1896. As we proceed, we pass by Zappeion and the Temple of Olympian Zeus. Last but not least, we make our way to the archaeological site of Acropolis, an UNESCO’S world heritage monument and we visit Propylae, as well as the small Temple of Athena Nike. Of course, our visit shall not be completed without the Parthenon and Erechtheion.
    [Show full text]
  • 200Th Anniversary of the Greek War of Independence 1821-2021 18 1821-2021
    Special Edition: 200th Anniversary of the Greek War of Independence 1821-2021 18 1821-2021 A publication of the Dean C. and Zoë S. Pappas Interdisciplinary March 2021 VOLUME 1 ISSUE NO. 3 Center for Hellenic Studies and the Friends of Hellenic Studies From the Director Dear Friends, On March 25, 1821, in the city of Kalamata in the southern Peloponnesos, the chieftains from the region of Mani convened the Messinian Senate of Kalamata to issue a revolutionary proclamation for “Liberty.” The commander Petrobey Mavromichalis then wrote the following appeal to the Americans: “Citizens of the United States of America!…Having formed the resolution to live or die for freedom, we are drawn toward you by a just sympathy; since it is in your land that Liberty has fixed her abode, and by you that she is prized as by our fathers.” He added, “It is for you, citizens of America, to crown this glory, in aiding us to purge Greece from the barbarians, who for four hundred years have polluted the soil.” The Greek revolutionaries understood themselves as part of a universal struggle for freedom. It is this universal struggle for freedom that the Pappas Center for Hellenic Studies and Stockton University raises up and celebrates on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the beginning of the Greek Revolution in 1821. The Pappas Center IN THIS ISSUE for Hellenic Studies and the Friends of Hellenic Studies have prepared this Special Edition of the Hellenic Voice for you to enjoy. In this Special Edition, we feature the Pappas Center exhibition, The Greek Pg.
    [Show full text]
  • Severiano Fogacci's Music-Related Activities During His Exile in Corfu
    Kostas Kardamis Ionian University Un Italiano in Corcira: Severiano Fogacci’s music-related activities during his exile in Corfu (1831-1846)* Some historical background Severiano Fogacci, the main subject of this essay, lived in an era of liberal movements and social upheaval in the Italian peninsula and Europe in general. He can be considered a typical member of the post-napoleonic Italian generation, since he was born in 1803.1 His birthplace, Ancona, then belonged to the Papal States and he therefore was brought up in an environment, which was rather conservative. Moreover, his family did not belong among the privileged of that city. Severiano lost his father, Giovanni, when he was very young and this led to his entry to the local seminario, where he began his studies. After five years there he continued his education in the public high school of Ancona, during a period full of political changes. Fogacci early demonstrated a passion for Latin and Italian literature, as well as a desire to become familiar with the aesthetic trends then developing. His political orientation in an era of social and political upheaval was becoming clearer at this time as well: by 1824 he had established connections with the carbonari, as he did not consider the papal administration successful in managing the new post-restoration conditions in the Italian peninsula. Thus Fogacci became a fervent patriot and supporter of Italian independence. In 1826 Fogacci moved to Bologna, where he worked as a secretary for his uncle and soon Fogacci became the commander of the city’s division.
    [Show full text]
  • Ahif Po L I C Y J O U R N
    AHIF P O L I C Y J O U R N A L Spring 2015 Kapodistrias and the Making of Modern Europe and Modern Greece Patrick Theros n 1998, Theodoros Pangalos, Greece’s Foreign Minister attended an EU Conference of I otherwise little note in Brussels. He was half asleep during the sessions until the then President of the Dutch Parliament rose to speak about the common European heritage. The Dutchman proclaimed that a common cultural history united Europe: beginning with feudalism, followed by the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Counter- reformation, the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. This history differentiated Europeans from non-Europeans, a category which the unctuous Dutchman obviously deemed unworthy of membership. Pangalos suddenly came awake and leaped to his feet to state, in his normal colorful fashion, that the Dutchman had just insulted Greece. Greece had indeed lived through feudalism. It had come to Greece in the form of the Fourth Crusade, the sacking of Constantinople, and the dismembering of the country that virtually depopulated Greece. Pangalos apparently went on to eviscerate the Dutchman. He described the Renaissance as created by Greek scholars who fled the Turkish conquest. As for the Reformation and Counter Reformation; those were internal civil wars of the Papacy. No one seems to have memorialized Pangalos’ comments on the Enlightenment and the French Revolution as his Greek diplomats cringed and mostly tried to quiet him down. Pangalos’ ranting was more or less on point and, in fact, historically quite accurate. But the EU officials present, locked into the notion that Western civilization (quite narrowly defined) provided the gold standard for the world to try to emulate while the history and culture of others rated only academic interest made fun of Pangalos to the other Greeks present.
    [Show full text]
  • By Konstantinou, Evangelos Precipitated Primarily by the Study
    by Konstantinou, Evangelos Precipitated primarily by the study of ancient Greece, a growing enthusiasm for Greece emerged in Europe from the 18th century. This enthusiasm manifested itself in literature and art in the movements referred to as classicism and neoclassicism. The founda- tions of contemporary culture were identified in the culture of Greek antiquity and there was an attempt to learn more about and even revive the latter. These efforts manifested themselves in the themes, motifs and forms employed in literature and art. How- ever, European philhellenism also had an effect in the political sphere. Numerous societies were founded to support the cause of Greek independence during the Greek War of Independence, and volunteers went to Greece to join the fight against the Ottoman Empire. Conversely, the emergence of the Enlightenment in Greece was due at least in part to the Greek students who studied at European universities and brought Enlightenment ideas with them back to Greece. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Literary and Popular Philhellenism in Europe 2. European Travellers to Greece and Their Travel Accounts 3. The Greek Enlightenment 4. Reasons for Supporting Greece 5. Philhellenic Germany 6. Lord Byron 7. European Philhellenism 8. Societies for the Support of the Greeks 9. Bavarian "State Philhellenism" 10. Jakob Philip Fallmerayer and Anti-Philhellenism 11. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Bibliography 3. Notes Indices Citation The neo-humanism of the 18th and 19th centuries contributed considerably to the emergence of a philhellenic1 climate in Europe. This new movement was founded by Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768) (ᇄ Media Link #ab), who identified aesthetic ideals and ethical norms in Greek art, and whose work Geschichte der Kunst des Altertums (1764) (ᇄ Media Link #ac) (History of the Art of Antiquity) made ancient Greece the point of departure for an aestheticizing art history and cultural history.
    [Show full text]
  • The Guardian Search Jobs Sign in Search US Edition Available for Everyone, Funded by Readers
    Support the Guardian Search jobs Sign in Search US edition Available for everyone, funded by readers Contribute Subscribe News Opinion Sport Culture Lifestyle More Travel US Europe UK Greek Islands holidays Is Kythira the perfect Greek island? Andrew Bostock has spent much of his life living in and writing guidebooks on Greece but in Kythira with its gorges, waterfalls and perfect beaches he’s finally found the idyll he has always dreamed of Dream destination … Kaladi, Kythira. Photograph: Alamy Andrew Bostock Thu 3 Sep 2015 01.30 EDT 1,370 125 In my 30-year hunt to find the perfect Greek island, I’ve visited around 40 of them – but my quest has been beset by twin, linked, problems. Firstly, many of them follow a fairly set pattern: a small main town or port, two or three amazing beaches and, if you’re lucky, a ruin or old church atop the island’s one hill. For many this is all that is needed for a week or two away, but I’ve always yearned for more. The second problem is that the larger islands can be blighted by an overabundance of visitors. Travellers in search of their own little bit of paradise go to more off-the-beaten-track islands, but these tend to get smaller and smaller, thus exacerbating problem number one. This year I followed advice from Greek friends and made for Kythira, and I think my hunt may just be over. The port at Avlemonas. Photograph: Alamy Kythira can be troublesome to get to, a positive advantage in the perfect island stakes.
    [Show full text]
  • Athens Strikes & Protests Survival Guide Budget Athens Winter 2011 - 2012 Beat the Crisis Day Trip Delphi, the Navel of the World Ski Around Athens Yes You Can!
    Hotels Restaurants Cafés Nightlife Sightseeing Events Maps ATHENS Strikes & Protests Survival guide Budget Athens Winter 2011 - 2012 Beat the crisis Day trip Delphi, the Navel of the world Ski around Athens Yes you can! N°21 - €2 inyourpocket.com CONTENTS CONTENTS 3 ESSENTIAL CITY GUIDES Contents The Basics Facts, habits, attitudes 6 History A few thousand years in two pages 10 Districts of Athens Be seen in the right places 12 Budget Athens What crisis? 14 Strikes & Protests A survival guide 15 Day trip Antique shop Spend a day at the Navel of the world 16 Dining & Nightlife Ski time Restaurants Best resorts around Athens 17 How to avoid eating like a ‘tourist’ 23 Cafés Where to stay Join the ‘frappé’ nation 28 5* or hostels, the best is here for you 18 Nightlife One of the main reasons you’re here! 30 Gay Athens 34 Sightseeing Monuments and Archaeological Sites 36 Acropolis Museum 40 Museums 42 Historic Buildings 46 Getting Around Airplanes, boats and trains 49 Shopping 53 Directory 56 Maps & Index Metro map 59 City map 60 Index 66 A pleasant but rare Athenian view athens.inyourpocket.com Winter 2011 - 2012 4 FOREWORD ARRIVING IN ATHENS he financial avalanche that started two years ago Tfrom Greece and has now spread all over Europe, Europe In Your Pocket has left the country and its citizens on their knees. The population has already gone through the stages of denial and anger and is slowly coming to terms with the idea that their life is never going to be the same again.
    [Show full text]
  • Nea Paralias 51 - Juli 2018 3
    Nea Paralias . Dertiende jaargang - Nummer 51 - Juli 2018 . Lees in dit nummer ondermeer : . 3 Voorwoord De voorbeschouwingen van André, onze voorzitter . 3 Uw privacy Eleftheria Paralias en de nieuwe privacywetgeving . 4 Agenda De komende activiteiten, o.a. voordracht, uitstap, kookavond, enz… . 8 Ledennieuws In de kijker: ons muzikaal lid Carl Deseyn . 10 Terugblik Nabeschouwingen over de drie laatste activiteiten . 12 Dialecten en accenten Mopje uit Kreta, in het dialect, met een verklarende uitleg . 14 Actueel Drie maanden wel en wee in Griekenland . 26 Zeg nooit… Er zijn woorden die je maar beter niet uitspreekt . Een drankje uit Corfu, het Aristoteles-menu . 27 Culinair en 3 nieuwe recepten van Johan Vroomen . Inspiratie nodig voor een cadeautje voor je schoonmoeder? Op andere . 29 Griekse humor pagina’s: Remedie tegen kaalheid, Standbeeld . 30 Reisverslag De EP-groepsreis Kreta 2016 deel 5 . Pleinen en buurten Namen van pleinen, straten en buurten hebben meestal een . 32 achtergrond, maar zoals overal weten lokale bewoners niet waarom . van Athene die namen werden gegeven of hoe ze zijn ontstaan . Over de 5.000-drachme brug, ’s werelds oudste olijfboom, . 35 Wist je dat… en andere wetenswaardigheden . Ondermeer de Griekse deelname aan het songfestival . 36 Muziekrubriek en een Kretenzische parodie die een grote hit is . 38 Bestemmingen Reistips en bezienswaardigheden . Bouboulina, de laatste ambachtelijke bladerdeegbakker, . 40 Merkwaardige Grieken . en de Dame van Ro . 43 George George en afgeleide namen zijn de populairste namen voor mannen . 44 Unieke tradities De Botides, het jaarlijkse pottenbreken op Corfu . 44 Links Onze selectie websites die we de voorbije maanden bezochten; . eveneens links naar mooie YouTube-video’s .
    [Show full text]