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South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Electronic Theses and Dissertations 1956 Consumption and Preference Patterns for Butter and Margarine in Two South Dakota Cities Norman L. Rollag Follow this and additional works at: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd Recommended Citation Rollag, Norman L., "Consumption and Preference Patterns for Butter and Margarine in Two South Dakota Cities" (1956). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2373. https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/2373 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CONSUMPTION AND PREFERENCE PATTER.NS FOR BUTTER AND MARGARINE IN 'IWO SOUTH DAKOTA CITIES By Norman L. Rollag A thesis submit •d in partial fulfillment of the reguirements for the degree Master of Science at South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic A § December, 1956 U� SCUTH DAKOTA STATE COt.LEGE CONSUMPTION AND PREFERENCE PATTERNS FOR BUTTER AND MARGARINE IN TWO SOUTH DAKOTA CITIES This thesis is approved as a creditable, independent· investigation by a candidate for the degree, .Master of �ience, and acceptable as meeting the thesis requirements for this degree; but �ithout implying that the conclusions reached by the candidate are necessarily the conclusions of the major department. Thesis(Advisor /.. Head of the Major Department ii 117�3 ,\CKNCMLEOOEMENTS The author wishes to express his appreciation to Dr. R.L. Kristjanson and Dr. Travis w. Manning, thesis advisors, and to L. T •. Smythe for their encouragement and guidance throughout the develop­ ment and completion of this study. The author also wishes to express thanks to Leonard Benning, Canute Johnson and Gerald Marousek for their helpful conunents and to Anthony Pavlick for hi°s advice in the statistical analysis of the data. Acknowledgement is also accorded to Dr. D.F. Breazeale, Dr. R.J. Baker and Shirley Seas of the Dairy Department for their tech­ nical assistance in the manufacturing and analysis of the butter and margarine samples used in t�e consumer panel survey. Credit is also expressed to the members of the consumer panel for their cooperation, and to Miss Lenore Johnston for the typing of this manuscript. iii TABLE OF CONTF.NTS Chapter Page I INTRODUCTION •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 Objectives ••• ••••• , •••••••• • • . • • 1 Procedure ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 II REVIEW OF LITERATURE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , • • 6 Minnesota Study • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , • 7 Michigan Study. • • , • • , • , • • • • • • • , • • • 8 Recent Consumption Patterns . ' . • • • • • • 10 Theory of Supply and Demand . • • • • • • • • • • • ll III BUTTER GRADING STANDARDS IN THE UNITED STATES, • • • • • • • lJ IV SOUTH DAKOTA SURVEY OF CONSUMER PREFERENCE FOR BUTTER. .. 18 V CONSUMER PANEL SURVEY• • . ' . ' 32 VI SUMMARY AND CONCUJSIONS. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 46 UTERAWRE CITED. • • • • • • • • • • • t • • ' • • • • • • • • • APPENDIX A� • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 50 APPENDIX B. 59 APPENDIX C. 92 AP?ENDIX D. 109 . .; iv LIST 031 TA!3Li!S Table Page I Qonsumption o:f Se].ected.Fats and Oils Per Consuming Unit Per Week, by Family Income, Sioux Falls, South Dal�ota, Summer, 1955 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 20 II Oonsum,tion of Selected iats and Oils Per Oonsuming Unit Per Week by Family Income, 3rookings, South Dal::ota, Summer, 1955 • 21 III Average Consumption of :Butter and Margarine According to Annual Income, SioUT. Falls, 1955 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 22 IV Analysis of Variance, Relationship of Income to Dutter Consumption. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 22 V Analysis of Variance, Relationship of Income to Ma.rearine Consumption, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 23 VI Consumption of :Butter and Margarine Per Family Per lfeel::, by Fe.mily Income, Broo!::ings, South". Da'.::ota, Summer, 1955 • • • • • 24 VII Consumption of Butter· and liio.:-:-en,rine Per Frunily Per l/eek, by Family Income, Sio� Fa.Us, Sout!t Dal:ota., Summer, 1955 •••• 2.5 VIII Per Cent of Families by Family Income Using :Butter or l.fo.rc;o.rine Only or l3ot!t in Sioux Pnlls a."ld :Sroo:;:in6s, SUilliiler, 1955. • • • 27 lX Preference Intensity for F�ts and Oils in Sioux Fe.Us, Summer, 1955 • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • JO • • X Preference Intensity for Fats and Oils in l3roo!:ings, Summer, 5 • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 31 19.5 • XI Summo.ry of Relative Preference for Spreads for Use on Hot Breads, :Brookings and Siou:� :s'aJls, 19.5.5•• •• •••••• • 34 • XII Sununary of Relative Preference for Spreeds for Use Based on Uses, Other Table J3roo�inGs and Sioux F�lls, 1955. • • • • • • 3.5 XIII Summe.ry of Relative Preforence for Spree.ds for Use on J3al:ed Vegetablos, J3roo!:ings and SioiL"t Falls, • • • • • • • .36 195.5. • • UV Summary of Relative Preference for Spreo.ds for Use :Based. on 36 Seasoning, Droo!:ings and Sioux Fnlls, 1955 • • • • • • • • • • 'XY Summ.�ry of Relative Preference ior Sp=oads for Use :Based on Frying, �roo!:ings and Sioux Falls, 1955. • • • , • • • • • • • 37 V Table Pe.go XVI Smamary of Relative Pr€fGronce for Spreads for Use Bn.sod on Bo.!:ing, Broold.nes and Siou..'"t Fa 11s, 19.5.5 • • • • • • • • • • 37 .XVII Summary of Relative Preference for Spreads for Use ]asod on Overall Flavor, :Brookings and Sioux Palls, 19.5.5 • • • • • • 38 XVIII Summary of Relative Preference for Spreads for Use :as.sod on Saltiness, :Brookings ancl Sioux Falls, 19.5.5. • • • • • • • • 39 XIX Summary of Relative frefer�nce for Spr�a.4s for Use Based on O'\L"t Spreadability 1 :Broo!:ings and Si Falls, 19.55 (Ranking Basis). • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • 39 XX: Summary of Relative Preference for Use Ba.sed on Texture, Brookings and Sioux Falls, 19.55 (Ranking Basis) • • • • • • 40 XXI Summary of Relative Preference for Spreads for Use Based on Appearance, J3roo!:ings and Sioux Falls, 19.5.5• • • • • • • • 41 XXII Summary of Relative Preference for Spreads.for Use Based on Characteristic Flavor, Broo:nn�s and Sioux Falls, 195.5. • • 42 XX:III Summary of Relative Preference for Use Based on Texture, ]rook:ings and Sioux Palls, 19.55 (lfon-Ran1dng Ba.sis)• • • • 43 XXIV Summary of Relative frefer�n�e for Spreads ·for Use :Ba.sod on Spread.ability, Brool:ings and Sioux Falls, 19.55 (Mon-Ranl:ing Ba.sis). • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 43 XX!/ Summary of Relative Proferonco for Spreads for Uso :Ba.sod on Melting l?oint, Brool:ings and Siou..ic Falls, 19.5.5 (lfon-Re.nl:ing J3asis)• • . • • • • • • • • • •••• •••• •••• , , • 4J.J, �'VI Summary of Relative Proforcnco for Spreads for Use Ba.sed on Color, :Sroo::inr;s and Si OU-""- Falls 1 19.5.5 (i:on-Rankine; :Basis). • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • J..;,.4 vi Appendix B - List of Tables Te.ble Pago I Distribution of Far•1i1ics by Occupation of Heac;l of Houso:1old and Butter Consumption Per Family,. 'Brookings, South Dal:ota, Summer, 195.5 •• , • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • 60 II Distribution of Families by Occu?a.tion of Head of liouschold and :Butter Consumption Per ?amily, Sioux Falls, Sout� Da�ota� Summer, 195.5 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. • • • 61 III Distribution of Fru;iilies by Occupr.tion of Road of Household and J3uttsr Consumption Per Consuminc; Unit, :Brool:inC;s, South De.kota, Summ6r, 195.5 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 62 IV Distribution of Families by Occupation of Head of House�old and :Butter Consum:r>tion 'For Consuminc Unit, Siou:: Falls, South Dakota, Summer, 1955 • • ·• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 63 V Distribution of Fa.milies 'by Occupv,tion of H�ac'.· of Household and Mar�arine Consumption Per FD.Jnil�r, J3rool:-:ings, South Dal:ote., SummGr, 19 55 • • • • • • .- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 64 '-t VI Distribution of Frunilics by Occupa.tion of Head �f Housc�oJ.d and Margarine Consumption Per Family., Sioux Fells, South Dakota, Summer, 195.5 • • • • • • • .• .• • • • • • • • • • • • • 65 VII Distl_'ibution of Fnmilies 'bJr Occupation pf. Head of Household and Margarine Consumption Per Consuning Unit, 13roo!:ings, South Dakota, Summer, 19 .5.5. �· • • • • • • • • • • , • • • • • • • • • 66 VIII Distribution of Frunilics by Occupetio� of .HEJad c;,f Housc�1old and Margarine Consun1:ptfon Per Consuming Unit, s·1ou:-:·Pnlls� §outh !nkBt&. Summcr· , 1955 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 67 IX Distribution of Far-lilies by Family Income .?,nu. Butter Consum�:1tion Per Family, J3rool0:inGs, S0ut}1 Dakota, Sumr.1cr, 195.5 • ••••• 68 X Distribution of Fe.rDilics b� FanL� ly In.como and Butter Consum!)­ tion Per Family, Siou,: Falls, So\J.t'.1 Da�.r.ote., Stll!lmcr, 1955. • • 69 XI Distribution of FruJilics by F&�ily Income antl :Butter Consump­ tion Per Consi..uning Unit, BrooL:ings/ South DBl.:ota, SU!'1t1cr, 195.5 70 XII �istriqution 9f F�i lie� b�r . ::l1�mily IncoIPC a�1c'. :Sutter Co1'.1S1:).In:,-. tion For Consuminc Unit, Siou�:: F�.lls, South Da::ota, Summer, 1955. ·-· .•...••••• � •.••.•.••�,

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