DOCSLIB.ORG

Regeneration Study of Lowland Bamboo (Oxytenanthera Abyssinica A. R. Munro) in Mandura District, Northwest Ethiopia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Regeneration Study of Lowland Bamboo (Oxytenanthera Abyssinica A. R. Munro) in Mandura District, Northwest Ethiopia Biodiversity International Journal Research Article Open Access Regeneration study of lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica A. R. Munro) in mandura district, Northwest Ethiopia Abstract Volume 3 Issue 1 - 2019 The present study is about germination and regeneration issues of the multipurpose lowland Yohannes Dereso bamboo in Mandura Woreda. The Woreda has patchily distributed vegetation features Assosa University Biology Department, Ethiopia characterized by Combrutum molle and Entada abyssinica growing in association with Oxytenanthera abyssinica, commonly known as lowland bamboo. The lowland bamboo Correspondence: Yohannes Dereso, Assosa University Biology forest in the Woreda was flowered in 1998 E.C. Lowland bamboo vegetation is threatened Department, Ethiopia, Tel +251(0)949045964, by cutting, decay of new shoots, mass flowering, agricultural expansion, over grazing, fire Email and cutting style of which fire is the most leading threat reported. Seed germination of the species was found to take on average three to four times faster in Petri-dish than in soils. Two Received: December 06, 2018 | Published: February 13, 2019 years stored seeds showed less viability, about 65% and 2 days slower rates of germination. Mixed soils found to increase seed viability from 37.5% to 68.78%. Number of culms per clump is highest in protected forests and least in wild forests. The percentage natural expansion (reproduction) was highest in cultivated and wild forest habitats. The ability of clumps to produce new offshoots is directly proportional with the clump circumference. Keywords: clump, culms, germination, oxytenanthera abyssinica, regeneration threatened Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; BGRS, future depend on seed rather than vegetative propagules. Knowledge benishangul gumuz regional state; CSA, central stastical agency; DA, of factors that influence seedling emergence, survival and growth is development agents; DFO, district forest officer; EFAP, ethiopian thus vital for successful establishment and expansion of the species.7 forestry action program; EPA, environmental protection authority; Bamboo forest is a material source for furniture, building, pulp, FTC, farmers training centres; GTZ, german technical cooperation; particleboard, bio-energy, food, forage and medicine. It plays a vital IAP, index of species association based on presence; INBAR, role in environmental amelioration, bio-diversity preservation soil international network for bamboo and rattan; LU/LC, land use/land and water conservation and has waste purification potential.8,9 Given cover; MASL, meters above sea level; NGO’s, non-governmental its fast growth, high soil conservation potential, multiple use and organizations; NTFPs, non timber forest products; US, united states; adaptability to low quality sites, bamboo has the capacity to redress UV, ultra violet; ZFCO, zonal forest catchment office; ZWEO, zonal most of the deforestation- related problems. and woreda environmental officer In the past, bamboo forests were located in the more inaccessible Introduction areas, which protected them from destruction. The highland bamboo forest at Masha, south-western Ethiopia, and the lowland bamboo Background of the study forests at Assosa, Metekel, and Mandura, in western Ethiopia are The pure natural bamboo forest in Ethiopia is the largest in Africa, examples. These forests are now decreasing rapidly as result of over about 1 million hectare, and 85% of this area is covered by demand for construction and new roads that are being constructed lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica).1 O. abyssinica is an (personal observation). The rate of clearance is accelerating as more indigenous bamboo to Ethiopia and endemic to tropical Africa. It forests are cleared due to agricultural expansion or burning to increase belongs to the family Poaceae and subfamily Bambusoideae.2 grazing land and due to natural mass flowering of the plant.8 Bamboo naturally propagates both sexually from seeds and Materials and methods asexually by rhizomes. Artificial propagation by vegetative methods includes planting of off-sets, culm cuttings, layering, and grafting of Description of the study area 3 rhizome. Off-sets are relatively better with clump forming species, Location: The Benishangul Gumuz Regional State (BGRS) was but they require painstaking work for digging the rhizome out, which established in 1994 as one of the nine regional states of Ethiopia. The entails considerable risk of damage to the roots and buds of the offset BGRS borders the Republic of Sudan in the west, Amhara region in the and mother plant. Some bamboo species are successfully regenerated North, Oromiya in the South east and Gambella region in the South. 4 using culm cuttings. On the other hand, although the gregarious Administratively, it is divided in to 3 zones (Metekele, Assosa, and 5 flowering cycle of the species is about 20 years. It also produces Kemashi) that are divided in to 19 Woredas, and one special Woreda. 6 seeds from sporadic out-of-phase flowering in the intervening period. Metekel zone is divided into 7 Woredas out of which Mandura This is not the case with most bamboo species, they flower only once Woreda, the study area is located North 100 55’-110 90’ latitude North in their life time gregariously and die. New bamboo growth may then and 300 12’-300 36’ longitude east (Figure 1), comprising 17 rural emerge again on the site from germinating seeds if the land is left Kebeles and 3 town Kebeles. Gilgel Belese is the center of Mandura undisturbed and seed predation is not detrimental. For these reasons Woreda and also the Zonal town. The Woreda has large topographic O. abyssinica is being established now, and will probably also in the drops from east to west. Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Biodiversity Int J. 2019;3(1):18‒26. 18 ©2019 Dereso. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Copyright: Regeneration study of lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica A. R. Munro) in mandura district, 19 Northwest Ethiopia ©2019 Dereso Figure 1 The location of study Kebeles in Mandura Woreda Metkel Zone, Ethiopia. Sampling methods Where IAP=Jaccard index Site selection: Five Kebeles (villages) were selected based on a=number of quadrat in which the two species under comparison (1) availability of bamboo resources, (2) utilization potentials and occur together significance to the surrounding community, (3) convenience to b=number of quadrat in which one of the two species occur alone capturing as much socio-economic information as possible, and (4) the manufacturing and consumption of bamboo products. c=the number of quadrat in which the other species is found alone11 Vegetation data: To describe the vegetation the stratified sampling method were used and vegetation data were collected Seed viability test from 10×10m quadrats lied in homogeneous vegetation units. A total of 8 quadrats were considered. Two quadrates (6 and 7) were Seed viability of O. abyssinica was evaluated by germinating seed from cultivated bamboo forest, other two quadrats (5 and 8) were in under predetermined conditions. Sixty seeds from each sample were protected bamboo forest, and the rest four quadrats (1-4) were laid divided in to 3 replicates of 20 seeds each. Seeds collected in 2002 in wild forest of bamboo (2 from Duanzbaguna and 2 from Ajenta and 2004 E.C. were germinated on Petri-dishes with filter paper in the Villages). Community similarity among quadrats was quantified using laboratory. The substrate used for germination test was free of moulds Sorensen similarity coefficient. This coefficient of similarity (Ss) was or other micro-organisms and provided with adequate aeration and 12 defined using the formula: moisture. Seed viability and length of time was compared between seeds collected in 2002 and 2004 E.C. by using student’s t-test Ss=2a (2 a + b + c) to check how time length of seed storage affects effectiveness and Where Ss=Sorensen similarity coefficient duration of germination. a=number of species common to both quadrat Impact of sowing depth and soil type on germination b=number of species in quadrat 1 Seeds for sowing depth test and soil type were collected from an extensively flowered and heavily seeded lowland bamboo forest c=number of species in quadrat 210 in Assossa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia (11º14´ N and 36º16´ E) by Association among O. abyssinica and other woody trees was Pawie Agricultural Research Centre (PARC). The experiment on calculated using Jaccard’s index. The Jaccard index of species sowing depth was conducted using plastic polyethene 0.5 l volume, association (IA) is based on species presence (p): 16 plastic polyethene bags were filled with a mixture of sand and peat soil (ratio 1 sand: 1 peat) and 16 plastic polyethene bags were IAP=[a/ (a + b + c)] x 100. filled with pure natural peat soil (unmixed) of the area. A randomised Citation: Dereso Y. Regeneration study of lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica A. R. Munro) in mandura district, Northwest Ethiopia. Biodiversity Int J. 2019;3(1):18‒26. DOI: 10.15406/bij.2019.03.00122 Copyright: Regeneration study of lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica A. R. Munro) in mandura district, 20 Northwest Ethiopia ©2019 Dereso complete block design was used in the experiment. In the experiment, coefficient, highest similarity of forest vegetation was found between each block consisted of 4 polyethene bags. Four seeds were sown at quadrats 6 and 7 that were taken from cultivated forest. In these random and in embryo end up orientation in each of the various depth quadrants only O. abyssinica was seen. The second highest similarity categories. The depths were: 0mm (surface), 5mm, 10mm and 15mm of forest vegetation was found between quadrats 4 and 8. Some and replicated four times, i.e., 4 seeds × 4 treatments × 2 blocks (i.e., a valuable vegetation such as Combrutum molle, Entada abyssinica and total of 32 sample units). During the experiment, seedling emergence Lonchocarpus laxiflorus were found.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Downloads/ W9505065q
    Gebrewahid et al. Ecological Processes (2019) 8:38 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0190-8 RESEARCH Open Access Dispersed trees on smallholder farms enhance soil fertility in semi-arid Ethiopia Yikunoamlak Gebrewahid1* , Kassa Teka2, Tewolde-Berhan Gebre-Egziabhier3, Sara Tewolde-Berhan2, Emiru Birhane2,4, Gebru Eyasu5 and Esayas Meresa5 Abstract Introduction: Dispersed trees such as Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) and Dalbergia melanoxylon (Guill. & Perr.) which are objectively maintained or planted on farmland provide a significant contribution to soil fertility improvement. However, there was no quantitative information on the level of soil nutrient additions of these trees to the soil system. Methods: This study was conducted on the farmers’ fields in Kafta Humera district, Tigray region (northern Ethiopia), where mature stands of O. abyssinica and D. melanoxylon trees exist. Radial distance-based soil sampling (under the canopy, near to canopy, and far from canopy) was adopted to quantify the role of these trees on soil fertility improvement. Soil parameters tested were soil reaction (pH), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AvP), electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and organic carbon (OC). Results: There was a negative linear relationship between the radial distance of the O. abyssinica tree trunk and soil TN, OC, CEC, and AvP contents but not for pH. Similarly, negative linear relationship between distance from D. melanoxylon and TN, OC, and AvP was obtained. The average total nitrogen (0.26% and 0.13%), available phosphorus (7.21 ppm and 6.37 ppm), and organic carbon (1.73% and 1.02%) contents were respectively higher under the tree canopies of O.
    [Show full text]
  • Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation
    Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT MABU, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION November 2012 Jonathan Timberlake, Julian Bayliss, Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Colin Congdon, Bill Branch, Steve Collins, Michael Curran, Robert J. Dowsett, Lincoln Fishpool, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Mirjam Kopp & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research in Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 2 Front cover: Main camp in lower forest area on Mt Mabu (JB). Frontispiece: View over Mabu forest to north (TT, top); Hermenegildo Matimele plant collecting (TT, middle L); view of Mt Mabu from abandoned tea estate (JT, middle R); butterflies (Lachnoptera ayresii) mating (JB, bottom L); Atheris mabuensis (JB, bottom R). Photo credits: JB – Julian Bayliss CS ‒ Camila de Sousa JT – Jonathan Timberlake TT – Tom Timberlake TH – Tim Harris Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, W.R., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R.J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 94 pp. Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 3 LIST OF CONTENTS List of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 5.00 AMERICAN BAMBOO SOCIETY Bamboo Species Source List No
    $5.00 AMERICAN BAMBOO SOCIETY Bamboo Species Source List No. 30 Spring 2010 This is the thirtieth year that the American Bamboo Society Several existing cultivar names are not fully in accord with (ABS) has compiled a Source List of bamboo plants and requirements for naming cultivars. In the interests of products. The List includes more than 450 kinds (species, nomenclature stability, conflicts such as these are overlooked subspecies, varieties, and cultivars) of bamboo available in to allow continued use of familiar names rather than the the US and Canada, and many bamboo-related products. creation of new ones. The Source List editors reserve the right to continue recognizing widely used names that may The ABS produces the Source List as a public service. It is not be fully in accord with the International Code of published on the ABS website: www.AmericanBamboo.org. Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) and to Paper copies are sent to all ABS members and can also be recognize identical cultivar names in different species of the ordered from ABS for $5.00 postpaid. Some ABS chapters same genus as long as the species is stated. and listed vendors also sell the Source List. Please see page 3 for ordering information and pages 54 and following for Many new bamboo cultivars still require naming, more information about the American Bamboo Society, its description, and formal publication. Growers with new chapters, and membership application. cultivars should consider publishing articles in the ABS magazine, “Bamboo.” Among other requirements, keep in The vendor sources for plants, products, and services are mind that new cultivars must satisfy three criteria: compiled annually from information supplied by the distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability.
    [Show full text]
  • Bamboo Biodiversity
    Bamboo biodiversity Africa, Madagascar and the Americas Nadia Bystriakova, Valerie Kapos, Igor Lysenko Bamboo biodiversity Africa, Madagascar and the Americas Nadia Bystriakova, Valerie Kapos, Igor Lysenko UNEP World Conservation International Network for Bamboo and Rattan Monitoring Centre No. 8, Fu Tong Dong Da Jie, Wang Jing Area 219 Huntingdon Road Chao Yang District, Beijing 100102 Cambridge People’s Republic of China CB3 0DL Postal address: Beijing 100102-86 United Kingdom People’s Republic of China Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 Tel: +86 (0) 10 6470 6161 Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 Fax: +86 (0) 10 6470 2166 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.unep-wcmc.org Website: www.inbar.int Director: Mark Collins Director General: Ian Hunter THE UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE is the THE INTERNATIONAL NETWORK FOR BAMBOO AND RATTAN (INBAR) biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of is an international organization established by treaty in the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the November 1997, dedicated to improving the social, world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental economic, and environmental benefits of bamboo and organization. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers rattan. INBAR connects a global network of partners from recognize the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and the government, private and not-for-profit sectors in over 50 to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre’s countries to define and implement a global agenda for challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant sustainable development through bamboo and rattan. information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action.
    [Show full text]
  • Bamboo Resource Mapping of Six Districts of Nagaland
    NESAC-SR-77-2010 BAMBOO RESOURCE MAPPING FOR SIX DISTRICTS OF NAGALAND USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS Project Report Sponsored by Nagaland Pulp & Paper Company Limited, Tuli, Mokokchung, Nagaland Prepared by NORTH EASTERN SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE Department of Space, Govt. of India Umiam – 793103, Meghalaya March 2010 NESAC-SR-77-2010 BAMBOO RESOURCE MAPPING FOR SIX DISTRICTS OF NAGALAND USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS Project Team Project Scientist Ms. K Chakraborty, Scientist, NESAC Smt R Bharali Gogoi, Scientist, NESAC Sri R Pebam, Scientist, NESAC Principal Investigator Dr. K K Sarma, Scientist, NESAC Approved by Dr P P Nageswara Rao, Director, NESAC Sponsored by Nagaland Pulp & Paper Company Limited, Tuli, Mokokchung, Nagaland NORTH EASTERN SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE Department of Space, Govt. of India Umiam – 793103, Meghalaya March 2010 Acknowledgement The project team is grateful to Sri Rajeev M. K., Dy. General Manager (Engg.) and the Dy. Manager (Forestry), Nagaland Pulp & Paper Company Limited, Tuli, Nagaland, for giving us opportunity to conduct the study as well as all the support during the work. Thanks are due to Mr. A. Roy, FDP and Mr. T. Zamir, Supervisor, Forest. Nagaland Pulp & Paper Company Limited, Tuli, Nagaland for their support and cooperation during the field work. The team is also thankful to Dr. P P Nageswara Rao, Director, NESAC for his suggestions and encouragements. The project team thanks all the colleagues of NESAC and staff of Nagaland Pulp & Paper Company Limited, Tuli, Nagaland, for their help and cooperation in completion of the work. Last but not least, the funding support extended by Nagaland Pulp & Paper Company Limited, Tuli, Nagaland, for the work is thankfully acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Genetic Variation in Selected Bamboo Species Using RAPD
    ® Tree and Forestry Science and Biotechnology ©2008 Global Science Books Analysis of Genetic Variation in Selected Bamboo Species using RAPD Tamilmani Eevera * • Kaliyaperumal Rajandran • Saravanan Saradha • Amirthalingam Lashmi Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Vallam, Thanjavur-613 403 Tamilnadu, India Corresponding author : * [email protected] ABSTRACT Taxonomic and systematic studies of bamboos are traditionally based on floral morphology, which can cause problems in identification due to the lack of or infrequent flowering. There are limited studies using molecular techniques to overcome taxonomic problems in woody bamboos. In this study RAPD was used to differentiate 26 bamboo species. Screening was done with 50 random primers and consistent results were obtained with about 10. Dendrocalamus species stood out among other bamboo species. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: cluster analysis, Dendrocalamus, random primers INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Bamboos are vital to many Asian economies, having impor- Plant material tant uses ranging from domestic items to rural housing and raw materials for industry. The overexploitation and genetic One-month-old seedlings of eight Bambusa species (Bambusa erosion of bamboo species have made it necessary to pre- bambos, B. pallida, B. tulda, B. balcooa, B. vulgaris, B. nutans, B. serve germplasm (Ramanayake 2006), whose classification mugalba, B. polymorpha) eight Dendrocalamus spp. (Dendrocala- and identification requires greater attention. mus strictus, D. hamiltoni, D. giganteus, D. hookeri, D. sikkimen- The main problem in bamboo species identification is sis, D. asper, D. brandisii, D. stocksii), three Ochalandra spp. the lack of basic knowledge of the biology and genetics of (Ochalandra ebracteata, O. scriptoria, O. travancorica), two Thy- bamboo. This is the direct result of the unusual life cycle of rostachys spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Oxytenanthera Abyssinica A. Rich. Munro) EIMAN E
    Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 3(6):72-79 (October 2008) IN VITRO MORPHOGENESIS AND PLANT REGENERATION OF BAMBOOS (Oxytenanthera abyssinica A. Rich. Munro) EIMAN E. E. DIAB 1 AND SYADAT E. MOHAMED 2 1Institute of Environment and Natural Recourses, National Centre for Research, Khartoum, 2 Faculty of Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan Accepted for publication: October 02, 2008 ABSTRACT Eiman E. E. and Syadat E. Mohamed. 2008. In Vitro Morphogenesis and Plant Regeneration of Bamboos (Oxytenanthera abyssinica A. Rich. Munro). Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 3(6):72-79 With aim of large production of plant material, a protocol for micropropagation of Oxytenanthera abyssinica was developed at the laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture, Commission for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Khartoum, Sudan, during November 2006 to April 2008. Nodal explant from 12 months seedlings age was cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) in combination with Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA). The highest shoot multiplication (4.4/shoot/explant) was achieved on six weeks on MS supplemented with 5.0 mg L-1 BA and 0.2 mg L-1 NAA. Proliferation media in liquid status shows better performance than solid media. For elongation, in vitro produced shoots were cultured on MS basal media (full, half, quarter) strength, MS full strength achieved the high shoot length (7.6) cm. When the propagated shoots were transferred to a rooting medium (full, half, quarter strength) MS, supplemented with (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 mg L-1) IBA concentrations, the highest rooting percentage (70%) was achieved in full strength MS media supplemented with 8.0 mg L-1 IBA.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Some Factors on the in Vitro Seeds Germination of Oxytenanthera Abyssinica (A
    RESEARCH PAPER Biology Volume : 5 | Issue : 7 | July 2015 | ISSN - 2249-555X Effects of Some Factors on the in Vitro Seeds Germination of Oxytenanthera Abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro. KEYWORDS Oxytenanthera abyssinica seeds, germination, viability, temperature, storage, coats Aliou NDIAYE Dame NIANG Département de Biologie Végétale, Laboratoire Département de Biologie Végétale, Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Faculté des Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, BP:5005 Dakar-Fann, Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, BP: 5005, Fann -Dakar, Senegal Senegal Doudou DIOP Maurice SAGNA Département de Biologie Végétale, Laboratoire Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (IFAN), Ch. A. Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Faculté des Diop BP: 206, Dakar Senegal Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, BP: 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal Yaye Kène GASSAMA Anil SOOD Département de Biologie Végétale, Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Faculté des CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, BP: 5005, Dakar-Fann, (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No.6 Palampur Senegal ABSTRACT In this work, different parameters were tested for optimizing in vitro Oxytenanthera abyssinica seeds ger- mination. Maximum seeds germination was achieved (100%) when these were dehusked and exposed to 28°C. For intact seeds, the coats played an inhibitory effect on in vitro germination (0%). A germination percentage 70% was achieved when the seeds were treated with sulphuric acid at 15 mn. For temperature storing, seeds viability was maintained till 8 years. The seedlings were successfully acclimated with 100% of plantlets survival. 1. Introduction years depending on the species, some of which have nev- Bamboos appear among the plants that are more valued er flowered.
    [Show full text]
  • A Note on Thetaxonomic Problems, Ecology and Distribution of Bamboos in Bangladesh
    1992 J. Amer. Bamboo Soc. Vol. 9 No. 1&2 ------------- ----------------------------- M.KAiarn*: A Note on theTaxonomic Problems, Ecology and Distribution of Bamboos in Bangladesh Abstract There are records of 22 bamboo species under 9 genera from Bangladesh. Presently the number of taxa is regarded to be more. In the present paper a list of bamboos occurring in Bangladesh with their vernacular names and distribution in Bangladesh has been given. Few taxonomic problems regarding Bambusa tulda-longispiculata-nutans-teres complex and "bethua"-"parua" problems have been discussed. A brief note on the ecology regarding the occurrence of bamboos in Bangladesh has been included. Introduction Bamboos are plants of enormous importance to the rural people in several regions of the world, but their usefulness is great in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, bamboos are used for house construction, scaffolding, ladders, mats, baskets, fencing, tool-handles, pipes, toys, fishing rods, fishing traps, handicrafts, etc., and for several other articles of everyday use. In some parts of the country, the bamboo leaves are used as thatching materials and it is a good fodder. For tropical countries, bamboo is one of the important raw materials for paper industries. Bamboos are planted for hedges and landscaping. Bamboo groves also act as a wind break and prevent soil erosion. The young tender shoots of bamboos are eaten as delicious vegetables. These young shoots, locally known as "banskorol" are much eaten by the tribal people of Bangladesh during the rainy season. Considering the wide range of uses as construction material, it is called the "poor man's timber." Bangladesh lies on both sides of the Tropic of Cancer and the 90° East Meridian.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revision of Malesian Gigantochloa (Poaceae - Bambusoideae)
    REINWARDTIA Vol. 10, Part 3, pp. 291 - 380 (1987) A REVISION OF MALESIAN GIGANTOCHLOA (POACEAE - BAMBUSOIDEAE) ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia ABSTRACT Eighteen species of Gigantochloa are recognized from the Malesian area, of which ten species are wild and the rest are known only in cultiva- tion. Besides morphological and anatomical evidences, data derived from chemotaxonomical analyses are also utilized in the systematic study of these species. A new combination (G. pseudoarundinacea) and four new species (G. achmadii, G. airoviolacea, G. manggong and G. prurient) are proposed. Moreover a doubtful species (G. hetcroclada) is also mentioned. Full illustrated descriptions, complete list of synonymy and typification as well as sundry notes for each species treated are presented. Keys to all species and varieties recognized (based on the inflorescence and vegetative characters) are given and an index of all specimens examined is also appended. ABSTRAK Delapan belas jenis Gigantochloa diakui identitasnya dari Malcsia, sepuhih jenis diantaranya merupakan jenis-jenis liar dan lainnya hanya dijumpai da) am pembudidayaan. Di samp ing bukti-bukti secara morfotogi dan anatomi, data yang dihasilkan dari analisis kemotaksonomi juga digunakan dalam mempelajari jenis-jenis tersebut. Kombinasi baru (G. pseu- doarundinacea} dan empat jenis baru (G. achmadii, G. atroviolacea, G. manggong dan G. pruriensi diusulkan. Selanjutnya suatu jenis yang diragu- kan (G. heteroclada) juga disinggung. Pertelaan lengkap bergambar disertai daftar sinonim dan tipe serta catatan penting setiap jenis dikemukakan. Kunci identifikasi jenis dan varietas yang dikenai berdasarkan ciri-ciri per- bungaan dan vegetatif diberikan dan indeks spesimen herbarium yang di- periksa juga disertakan. INTRODUCTION The generic name Gigantochloa was created for the first time by Kurz (1864) in his list of Bangka plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetics and Evolution of the Paleotropical Woody Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) Hathairat Chokthaweepanich Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2014 Phylogenetics and Evolution of the Paleotropical Woody Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) Hathairat Chokthaweepanich Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Systems Biology Commons Recommended Citation Chokthaweepanich, Hathairat, "Phylogenetics and Evolution of the Paleotropical Woody Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae)" (2014). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 13778. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/13778 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Phylogenetics and Evolution of the Paleotropical Woody Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) by Hathairat Chokthaweepanich A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program of Study Committee: Lynn G. Clark, Major Professor Gregory W. Courtney Robert S. Wallace Dennis V. Lavrov William R. Graves Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2014 Copyright © Hathairat Chokthaweepanich 2014. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF TABLES viii ABSTRACT x CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW 1 Organization of the Thesis 1 Literature Review 2 Research Objectives 10 Literature Cited 10 CHAPTER 2. PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE PALEOTROPICAL WOODY BAMBOOS (POACEAE: BAMBUSOIDEAE: BAMBUSEAE) BASED ON SIX PLASTID MARKERS. A manuscript to be submitted to the journal Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Priority Species of Bamboo
    Chapter 2 Priority Species of Bamboo Andrew Benton Abstract There are over 1,250 species in approximately 75 genera of woody bamboos in the world. Bamboos are native to Africa, the Americas, Asia and Oceania and have been introduced into Europe. This chapter summarizes a revised list of ‘Priority Species of Bamboo and Rattan’, compiled by the International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR). Keywords Arundinaria ssp. • Bambusa ssp. • Cephalostachyum ssp. • Chusquea ssp. • Dendrocalamus ssp. • Gigantochloa ssp. • Guadua ssp. • Melocanna ssp. • Ochlandra ssp. • Oxytenanthera ssp. • Phyllostachys ssp. • Schizostachyum ssp. • Thyrsostachys ssp. There are over 1,250 species of woody bamboos in the world, in approximately 75 genera. They are native to Africa, the Americas, Asia and Oceania and have been introduced into Europe. Bamboos are naturally found as understorey plants in forests and grow in habitats from the humid tropics, through a range of humid sub-tropical forest types, to temperate regions including northern parts of China, Japan, Korea and the foothills of the Himalayas. They vary in stature from 50 cm (Sasa borealis in Japan) to 40 m or more (Dendrocalamus giganteus in tropical Asia). Most do not comprise the dominant vegetation unless they are cultivated, such as the huge areas of Phyllostachys pubescens in China, but the Melocanna baccifera forests of Northeast India, Bangladesh and Myanmar are a major excep- tion, as are the Guadua forests of western Amazonia, which cover 120,000 ha (Dransfield and Widjaja 1995; Judziewicz et al. 1999). With 75 genera of bamboos growing in a wide range of different habitats, it is not surprising that there is much variation in the characteristics they exhibit.
    [Show full text]