·~ U.S. POSTAGE ;:r LJ BULK RATE PERMIT NO. 119 SALEM, OH 44460 11 ~~i. i:~! 4,

Flying in 1930s had element of danger

Wilbur Wright's Flyer is steadied by a team of horses as his "aerial carriage" hums overhead in this 1908 photo taken in Berlin. Wilbur and Orville Wright were pioneers in flight which, by the Airshows have fascinated Americans for time young Gibson was thinking about flying lessons was coming into its own. decades since the legendary event advertised above firs_t brought the public's attention to T HAPPENED AT 2:50 on a placid Saturday Christmas; retrieved worn baseball mitts and oiled "daredevil" flying. I afternoon in May of 1939 -'-- the sunny skies rusty roller skates, looking ahead to the warmer and warming breezes had lured the householders. days without scarves, galoshes and mittens. had returned to his outside chores; now, though, along Salem's South Lincoln Avenue outdoors. The Gibson boys, Charles and George, had left he was taking a brief respite and stood in his Through with their week's work inside closed-up the house shortly after breakfast and their father, driveway, immersed in conversation with a friend, plants and. offices, men tidied up yards and gar­ G. R., knew that part of their day would be taken G. F. Keyes who had stopped by. ages neglected during the long winter now behind up with their flying lessons - both of his sons The sound of a propeller whirred overhead, and them, and mothers draped blankets and carpets were clocking hours toward getting their licenses, Gibson glanced up to see a light monoplane hover­ over clotheslines to give them a good spring airing. flying out of Russell Miller's Flying Field at North ing above the house. Recognizing Miller's plane, a Youngsters, too, hurriedly slicked up the already Benton. · shiny . bicycle~ a.nd scooters they'd gotten for After a break at noon for a sandwich, Gibson Turn to FLYING on page 3 . ~~·-'"'.'······~~-- ~~-~ >f(-·rv:-t ---=-...... ?;;)~·-.~:b·~ ·tf~,.,~f ,.- (i'l'~ t, . , ., ::?/ 2_;" . c. , ,r•. , . -; '.I.;. . .,. .,,·,., "" , • ;, , _; es erqears , c. " 2 ~ , ~ ~ ·1.;., ·y "'.f__ . " -,, c ~ ~ . '1, ~~ 7 -~ ':] • - '.J ..:>}' ~~ 'Jvfonday, 'l{pvetrJer 11, 1991 -"' :J .:>Ji ~ · :,,~ c...: . -=-- · Veterans hit rock bottom By Lois Firestone The day World War I ended, on Monday, Nov. 11, 1918 was a glorious one for Americans, recorded on the front page of the Salem News which appears as this issue's front page from the past. T~e- issue is a rarity, because it's not among. the ed1t10ns stored at the Salem Historical Museum. The veter~ns came home in triumph, welcomed as heroes who had brought a lasting peace. Four­ teen years later, however, in the midst of the Great Depression, these same veterans would be treated with c~nte:n:pt by the U.S. government; their wives and children cut down with tear gas, bayonets and machine guns by the Army they had once served. Even worse, once they were driven out of Washington, D. C., they were labeled as unruly Communist rabble-rousets by the people who shunned them in one state after another. . This shabby chapter in the history of this coun­ try came to a head at 10 o'clock on the sultry, humid morning of Thursday, July 28, 1932 when 25,000 starved and penniless World War veterans begged for help. They'd arrived in May and were encamped in district parks, dumps, abandoned warehouses and empty stores. These shelters ·were pitif.ul affairs: packing crates, chicken coops, wrecked touring cars, lean-tos. To the frightened 'is rare photo was taken in the mid-1930s and slww's William H. Bradley worki11g at his Hoover administration they were a humiliation, Sunoco Service Station on the New Garden Road, near the present-day bypass of Roate 45. Tire not to mention an eyesore. station operated for ten years, from 1930 to 1940, and housed a small grocery store wlziclz The press had dubbed the veterans "the Bonus stocked a wide variety of pe'nny candy. East of the station was the Bradley home. Batiz build­ Army" and ''.the bonus marchers" but they called ings still stand today, but the station ha~. long since been remodeled into a house. themselves the Bonus Expeditionary Force. What they were after was immediate payment of sol­ promised one of the bonus leaders that if they River in southeast Washington. diers' bonuses which the government had author­ were to- be forced from the camps, they would be ized in 1924 with the Adjusted Compensation Act. allowed to retire with dignity. Naively, the veter­ For the vanquished veterans ·and people every­ Although the bonuses weren't due to be paid until ans believed that if the Army arrived they would where in this country, it was the beginning of the 1945, they would receiv~ about $500 if the money help them; it was inconceivable that soldiers would descent of people from the middle class - among was paid in 1932. attack. But they did, although at the last minute unskilled laborers building- a Missouri reservoir were a farmer, a school principal, and a bank . They came to Washington to appeal directly to unsuccessfully Hoover tried to stop the final drive the president, but Hoover refused to talk with their into the main camp on the far side of the Anacostia president. delegation, saying he was too busy. Reporters duly reported the president's ensuing actions: he became a virtual recluse, cancelling plans to visit the Senate and hiring police to patrol the White House around the clock. He had the entry gates to PERSONAL RECORDS the executive mansion chained, and barricades were erected on all sides of the mansion, shutting off all traffic. "Hoover Locks Self in White House" &PLANNING BOOK was the front page headline of one issue of the New York Daily News. Hoover brought Army Chief of Staff Douglas MacArthur,. the only four-star general in the mili­ Manufacturers and Designers of tary, into the situation. MacArthur had falsely Injection Molded Plastics

"We mold service 'Yesteryears as wen as quality A weekly historical journal Published by the Salem News accounts, insurance papers, Select the funeral you wish Founded June 8, 1991 in our pro-ducts." lists of friends and relatives down to the smallest details 161 N. Lincoln Ave. with ph0 ne numbers and Relieve' your family Salem, Ohio 44460 addresses, plus your last of worry and costs at future requests. time of stress. Phone (216) 332-4601 DO this for the ones you love. Thomas E. Spargur publisherI general manager - Your Funeral Pre-Need Spec1a/1sts 332- I I Arbaugh-Pearce .· Funeral 4401 . reent.~

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•r:!.-J1LC- Volunteers cross the riv~r during the Battle of Fredericksburg. /I;11 -;"y// Brigadier General John Gibbon

By Dale Shaffer EOPLE INTERESTED IN THE Civil War and Pgenealogy often, through research, find ancest­ ors who fought in the war. The more acquainted they become with the relatives of the past, the more they understand their roots. On display at the Salem Historical Museum's Freedom Hall are a large number of Civil War arti­ facts; along with photographs of .Salem area veter­ ans. Among them is a portrait of John Gibbon drawn by Ken Smith of Salem. Gibbon is a distant relative of mine - third cousin once removed - who fought in the war. His story is interesting and worth sharing. He is connected to Salem in his relationship to the Gibbons family; my mother was a Gibbons. The "s" from John's name was removed by his grandfather, John Hannum Gibbon, who was a Quaker. John Gibbon was born in 1827 near Holmesburg, ,... . Pa., now part of Philadelphia. He graduated from West Point in 1847. Many years later, in 1862, he was made Brigadier General of Volunteers. In the Civil War he commanded a Union brigade at the second battle of Bull Run in 1862, at South Mountain and at Antietam in 1862. He led a divi­ sion in the battles of Fredericksburg in 1862 through the Wilderness Campaign of 1864. At Fre­ dericksburg he was forced back with a loss of 1,267 Currier and Ives sold this contemporary caricature. men. In the final operations against Lee, Gibbon led the 24th Corps, Army of the James. run low on ammunition. The Union forces, howev­ On July 3, 1863 at Gettysburg, Gibbon's troops er, did not slacken. It was then that General stood in the middle against Pickett's Charge of George E. Pickett, the Confederate division com- Cemetery Ridge. Before the battle (as was shown in mander, decided to charge. · the televised Civil War series) he rode among his Over 15,000 men in gray advanced in columns of men telling them not to fire until the rebels were attack - Pickett's division on the right and Gener­ close and within range. al Pettegrew's on the left. they had to go 1,400 The Confederate batteries opened the battle with yards to reach the Union lines. a roar, firing in salvoes (each gun firing one round For the first 200 yards there was scarcely a shot after a certain interval), shaking windows three fired against them - Gibbons' troops were holding miles behind the lines. Union guns thundered in their fire. Then the field artillery opened in full reply; two miles of massed artillery roaring along fury. Despite tremendous losses, the Southerners the length of Cemetery Ridge. There were 135 guns continued forward, almost in parade ground , ... } . \ ·1f,r1 ,~ on the Confederate side, and 85 on the Union. formation. ·~·;-;;_-~~-~£. 1,(~ ·, ...... ··~, j .. -~:.. . ~-- \ !~;· After only 20 minutes of this hellish bombard­ Arlington, the residence of General Robert E. ment, some of the confederate gunners began to Tum to next page ~· Lee ~~@]?. lavery's fugitives were hunted down

----·--- -·~ . ------' The 7ear 1850 brought great change in the opera­ 1. A child who had one slave parent and one free tion o the Underground Railroad. Prior to then parent was free only if the free parent was his (- :o\J~\JllNO l1AJ f1ROAJJ ,,, ~ runaways had been relatively safe when they mother. crossed the_ line which divide~ free territory from 2. Slaves couldn't make any kind of contract ' ~"'"'"~~ .Jtu,f h I I i\:;~\)\Y , "\:f:llll'.ITl,JJ' ' ··.fl'{zri slave. But m 1850 Congress passed the Fugitive including marriage. Slave Law, an ordinance compelling sheriffs and 3. No one was allowed to teach slaves how to t~n th~~ ~' orth ~t~u~ , :I \. marshals of the North to hunt down runaway read or write or give them books. The penalty was life imprisonment or death. Even the Bible was : I slaves and return them to their masters. Under the new law, the fugitives were denied the right of outlawed in slave quarters. trial by jury. Those assisting in their escape were 4. Any slave who left his plantation had to have punished by fines and imprisonment. a pass explaining where he was going and when When the Fugitive Slave Law was passed, more he would return. The pass had to be- sfiown to any than 50,000. escaped sla_ves lived in the N?rth. They white man who wanted to see it. Watchmen were had found JObs and bmlt homes, and their children stationed at every gate, guards at every ferry and attended schools. Their dreams were crushed. At· sentinels at every bridge. any hour of the day or night they could be arrested 5. Slaves couldn't own livestock or property. and returned to slavery. 6. No slave could testify in court except in cases Almost immediately the roads were jammed involving other slaves. with refugees heading for Canada. When U.S. 7. It was illegal for more than five slaves to marshals seized former slaves to return them, gather away from home unless a white was handcuffed, to the South, abolitionists from all present. walks of life battered down courthouse doors with 8. No slave was allowed to preach e;xcept to his axes and poles, and engaged in hand-to-hand com­ master's slaves on his master's plantation in the bat. with police. presence of whites. · Slave laws in the South varied from state to state 9. Slaves in some cities weren't allowed to Music cover for an abolitionist song but most contained the following provisions: smoke, swear or walk with a cane. Fugitive slave is rescued Pelton youngster thwarted bounty hunters On Feb. 10, 1862 there was a near riot in This incident, a true story, took place in Salem that the family was plotting for the reward. So, Alliance. Cora Allen, a black girl from Virginia, years before t~e Civil yvar. The old Hotel Farqu- he me:r:itioned it to his daughter, thinking that had escaped from slavery in the South and had har (present site of Fitch, Kendall & Robinson) she might somehow inform the fugitive. It reached Cleveland on her way to Canada. There was managed by a Mr. Pelton, an earnest sup- would, however, be difficult because tne family she was arrested by southern· officers, who porter of tfie anti-slavery movement. kept a watchful eye on him. , planned to take her back to Virginia. Word Among his children was a young girl of 15 Finally, she saw the man sawing wood at the quickly spread among the anti-slavery people to who thought like her father and had a lively back d_oor, with. n~body around. As she passed head off the train. Both white people and blacks interest in the many fugitives passing through .near him she said m an undertone, ''You are in gathered at the Alliance depot to remove the girl the Quaker city. On the lot adjoining the hotel the right church, but the right pew." . from the train. resided a family having no particular love for . It was enough. Waiting until the girl had Authorities heard of the intended interference the colored race, yet occasionally taking charge p~ssed ~y, the young man dropped tbe saw, with the law, and conferred with railroad of a "passenger" over the road. · seized his hat.an~ was off. Ll~cky for him it hap- authorities. the Fugitive Slave Acts stated that On one occasion, a young bJack came along. pened when 1t did because m a few hours his any0ne helping a ·slave could receive a fine of He was preceded by handbills describing him owner, along with an officer,. rode up to the $1,000 and imprisonment for six months. Federal ~nd offe~ng a large reward for his return, or house to apprehend him. He was, of course, not la:w made it illegal in both the North and South information that would lead to it. The family to be found. Neither could they find out how he to help slaves escape. Abolitionists, of course, seemed interested in helping him, so he was had been warned of the danger. Once more a defied the law. consigned to them. For several days he made fr~edom lover in Salem had taken risky action to When the Cleveland and Pittsburgh train himself generally useful about the premises. foil an attempt to :return an innocent human reached All.iance, it ran through the city at full But for some reason, Mr. Pelton got the feeling being in bondage. speed. Had the abolitionists known the train was not going to stop, they would have thrown a barrier of ties on the track. . The Civil War was just starting to build up steam, and Mount Union was one of the stations on the Underground Railroad. "Uncle Jimmie" Armstrong, a black, along with Henry Schooley, Dr. 0. N. Hartshorn and others, were strong As they neared their objective, the main body of him at Big Hole in West Montana in 1887. abolitionists there. They helped many fugitive the Union. infantry behind the stone wall opened In preparation for the Battle of the Little Bighorn, slaves move to freedom in Canada. up with volley (simultaneous) firing. The rebel yell Brigadier General Alfred Terry, leading Lieutenant One of General John Morgan's goals was to rolled up the ridge as the attackers charged at close Colonel George Armstrong Custer and the 7th Cal­ destroy abolition in Salem and Affiance. When range. General Armstead, his horse killed under vary, made plans with Colonel John Gibbon captured just south of Lisbon by Major Rue, him, led his men on foot. With sword held high - aboard the steamboat Far West. On June 22, 1876 Morgan expressed "as his only regret that he his hat briefly on the blade's point - he leaped Terry ordered Custer to take his men - about 600 had not succeeded in burning these two towns." over the walL Suddenly, it was every man for soldiers plus packers and Indian scouts - up Quakers in the Salem-Alliance area were himself. Rosebud Creek to the southern end of the Little opposed to war, but abhorred slavery. They Bighorn Valley. Terry and Gibbon hoped to reach favored doing away with it, even at the cost of For a short period of time they were able to pen­ war. These peace-loving citizens enlisted hun­ etrate the Union position, but .too few were left.to the northern end by June 26. "Don't be greedy, Custer, but wait for us," Gib­ dreds to help enforce tfie Emancipation Procla­ hold their ground. Some went back over the wall, mation of President Lincoln. heading for safety at Seminary Ridge. Armstead bon told the younger officer. Replied Custer, "I won't." But the Indians Custer was looking for There were many "Copper Heads" (Democrats fell as he stood with his hand on a Federal gun, sympathetic to the South and opposed to the demanding its surrender. . came out and slaughtered him and all of his troops. Terry and Gibbon arrived on June 27 to "a Lincoln administration) around Alliance, but Only one of Pickett's field officers returned safe­ they were kept in the background bv threats of ly back to the- lines. All the others were killed. scene of sickening, ghastly hooror." There is no way of estimating total Confederate General Gibbon is buried at Arlington Cemetery. bodily harm if they attempted to go against the losses as a result of this disastrous charge on July His book, "Personal Recollections of the Civil cause of Lincoln and the aoolishment of slavery. 3. War," was published in.1928. On the wall in Free­ President Lincoln spoke from a store box at dom Hall is a picture of Lee surrendering. to Grant the Chase home in Alliance when he was pass­ After the war, General Gibbons fought in the at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. Shown in ing through the city- he exl'ressed thanks for a Iridian campaigns in the West. He commanded one the picture are a number of officers. Among them dinner given in his honor ana gave his audience of the columns that moved against the Sioux in is a 38-year-old brigadier general. His name - encouragement in their cause. . 1876. The Nez Perce under Chief Joseph defeated John Gibbon. t. Clair defeat Indians' greatest victory By James Hannah Associated Press Writer HE FORT DOOR SWINGS IN the wind as if T ghosts from a battle some historians consider the Army's worst defeat still walk the ground at Fort Recovery, Ohio where Indian warriors killed more than 600 soldiers. On the morning of Nov. 4, 1791, about 1,000 Indians led by Chief Little Turtle of the Miamis and Blue Jacket of the Shawnees surrounded Gen. Arthur St. Clair's camp of 1,200 soldiers on the banks of the Wabash. Cut down by musket fire and tomahawks, the Army was routed in a three-hour battle that left many soldiers scalped. The adjutant general's office says 637 soldiers· were killed, and about 300 were wounded or reported missing. By comparison, about 225 U.S. soldiers under Gen. George Custer were killed at the Battle of the Little Big Hom in 1876. Only 21 Indians died in the battle against St. Clair. For them "St. Clair's Defeat" was their great­ est victory over the white man and tightened their grip on the Northwest Territory. For a young American nation, it underscored the need for a strong standing army. "Peopl~ have forgotten about how important it is in American history," said Floyd Barmann, director of the Clark County Historical Society. On Sunday, the day before the anniversary of the battle, Barmann and about 200 people planned to dress as soliders as Indians to demonstrate tac­ Volunteers in soldier uniforms re-enact the St. Clair Defeat battle of Nov. 4, 1791. Nearly 300 tics used in the battle at Fort Recovery with the volunteers in soldier uniforms and Indian dress participated in the recent 200th anniversary help of the First American Regiment, a military re­ which recreated what many consider the U.S. Army's greatest defeat. (AP LaserPhoto) enactment group. "We're trying to leave people with a lasting memory of the struggle that took place when two different cultures met on the Ohio frontier," Bar­ mann said. Nancy Knapke, organizer of the Fort Recovery Bicentennial, said the commemoration in this west­ ern Ohio village of about 1,300 will include a rede­ dication of the burial ground. George Abrams, a descendant of the Seneca tribe, said the battle was significant for the Ameri­ can Indian. "It was the most important, perhaps, for the Northwest Territory," said Abrams. "But it also marked the beginning of the end of the Indian occupation in Ohio." When the Revolutionary War ended, Great Bri­ tain ceded the Northwest Territory to the United States without telling the Indians, who had fought with the British. The Indians refused to accept the treaty and claimed all of the territory north and west of the Ohio River. President Washing ton instructed St. Clair, commander-in-chief of the U.S. Army, to take an army from what is now Cincinnati north into the region to enforce U.S. territorial rights. Larry Nelson, curator of Fort Meigs in Perrys­ burg, said St. Clair's mission was to destroy Indian villages at what are now Fort Wayne, Ind., and Defiance, Ohio. - "But he was at the mercy of some very raw troops," said Nelson. "There was a great deal of logistical confusion. He was poorly armed and poorly 'supplied. Little Turtle, on the other hand, was one of the best tacticians in American history, Nelson said. Barmann said the battle demonstrated the inef- fectiveness of the Army. - Nancy Knapke, organizer of the Fort Recovery bicentennial, stands outside a replica of t11e fort "St. Clair believed that no matter what the size where 200 years ago Indians nearly wiped out the U.S. Army troops led by General Arthur St. of the force, European-style fighting would be Clair. (AP LaserPhoto) extremely superior to that of the Indians," said Bannann. "He found out differently." other descendants. ten. They didn't have enough soldiers," said Robb. James R. Robb, 4,9, of. Philadelphia, is the great­ He described the general as patriotic and com­ Robb said the general was granted a congres­ great-great:-great-:gtandson of St. Clair through the mitted, but the victim of raw recruits and poor sional investigation, the first ever by Congress. The general's daugh~er, Louisa St. Clair Robb. He plans supplies. - to_ wri~e_ ~_bq9!<.on St.. C::JiiiJ,!ln_q _i$ trying to _contact "The gunpowder didn't shoot. The food was rot- Tum_ to next page- ~ probe turned up evidence that St. Clair's an!ly aidn't receive all of the weapons and supplies appropriated for it, and the generaf was exonerated. Barmann said St. Clair's army left Cincinnati in mild weather, but encountered incessant rain that left many soldiers ill. By the time they reached what would become the battle site, the soldiers were so tired that they did not fortify the seven-acre camp. Some soldiers deserted and St. Clair sent about 300 of his best troops back to prevent deserters from disrupting supply lines. . . . During the mght, th~re were sk1rm1she~ betwee~ sentries and the Indians, but St. Clair wasn t informed. By morning, the soldiers were surrounded. After leading several charges into the Indians, St. Clair retreated to nearby Fort Jefferson with what was left of his troops. ".The reason why it became such an infamous battle was because it was the first defeat under the Constitution," said Robb. "It became known infam­ ously as St. Clair's Defeat." On Christmas Day in 1793, General Ant~ony Wayne began b1:1ilding Fort Recovery on the. site of the battle to provoke the Indians, Nelson said. The fort was given its name as part of the Army's bid to recover the territory. A replica of Fort Recovery marks th~ spot where about 1,000 Indians killed 600 U.S. soldiers in Ms. Knapke said soldiers building the fort had to 1791. clear the ground of human bones left fro~ St. soldiers in the fort but were repelled after two Clair's battle. Some corpses had stakes dnven When 1t fell into disrepair, the Ohio Historical Soci­ days. In August, the Indians were defeated by ety erected an authentic reprod-qction of two block through their hearts because the Indians believed it Wayne at the Battle of Fallen Timbers and. never . would keep their spirits from rising to heaven, she houses and a connecting wall . said. · again organiZed a hostile force in the territory in St. Clair was buried in Greensburg, Pa. Robb In June of 1794, about 1,100 Indians led by Little such numbers. said the federal government never placed a marker Turtle and Blue Jacket attacked several hundred A replica of Fort Recovery was built in the 1930s. on the grave. F.L. Reeves & Comp'y :nra 1000/o v AL UE STORE A Restaurant In New Sweaters and Chappie Coats'. New Dresses in silk and wool. . New Fall Coats for Ladies, Misses and Children. The Fullest Sense Plain and Fur Trimmed. One lot Sweaters at Half Price. New Floor Coverings at lowest pri'ces. T,,, 6fimherla11es . Use TARRAN_T'S .. S I tLTZER . 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PEOPLE WHO KNOW YOU, .. ·PEOPLE YOU CAN RELY ON... TODAY AND TOMORROW. ·--~ TIMBERLANESoFSALEM ~ ,::.~ Star!( Me1norial Inc.· 544 E. Pershing, Salem, Ohio 44460 ." ~ 1014 E. State St, Salem, Ohio 332-5139 Telephone: (216) 337-9572 Russell C. Loudon .Timberlanes Motor Inn 337-9901 ANcrIQlIB Finger-carved ~~~-OR--~~§\ Victorian chair cJUNQUL By James McCollam poppies. It is signed with the initials 11 A.F.S." It is only 4 inches high and 4 inches in diameter. Copley News Service Can you tell me anything about its origin and Q. Enclosed is a picture of a rocker that I have. value? It belonged to my grandparents. I have had it A. This was made at a pottery established by completely restored. I am wondering if you can Newcomb College in New Orleans, Louisiana. It tell me how old it is and its worth. was decorated by a student, Anna Frances Simp­ A. You have a finger-carved Victorian chair son, about 1912. made in the third quarter of the 19th century. It Vases similar to this have sold in the $600 to would probably be worth worth $400 to $500 in $800 range. good condition. WELLER POTTERY Early in the 1870s, Samuel A. Weller -started making clay flowerpots decorated with house paint, which he sold door to door in Zanesville, Ohio. In 1894, he introduced pottery that featured underglaze decoration on a blended brown back­ ground. It was marked "Lonhuda." This was fol­ fowed by a similar but more brittle pottery marked "Louwelsa." This finger­ These were followed by "turado" in 1898. It fea­ worth $400 tured a dark background with a lacy decoration in light colors. "Sicardo-We In 1900· he introduced a series decorated with The prices characters from Charles Dickens, naturally called apply to any "Dickens Ware." "Londuha In the first decade of the 20th century, he pro­ roses-$17~ duced a similar ware with a high-gloss brown "Louwels glaze similar to Louwelsa. This was sometimes· decorated wi marked "Aurelian." "Turado," Weller brought Jacques Sicard from France in pansies- $1 1902 to produce a beautiful metallic-luster ware. This was made for only five years, and Sicard nev­ "Dickens Q. This mark is on the bottom of a vase. It has er divulged his secret formula. This was marked smoking did a wide mouth on a bulbous base decorated with THE BUTLER INSTITUTE OF AMERICAN ART/SALEM

SALUTES THE SALEM COMMUNITY FOUNDATION

SALEM BUTLER BRANCH MUSEUM PUBLIC OPENING NOVEMBER 10, 1991

343 EAST STATE STREET SALEM, OHIO

INAUGURAL EXHIBITIONS MADE POSSIBLE BY SOCIETY N1 Joseph G. Butler Jr. made great gift to art

By bick Wootten Joseph continued to collect artworks until his Y COINCIDENCE, THERE ARE now two death in 1927, when his son, Henry Audubon But- Binstitutions at South Broadway ~nd East State ler, became president of the museum board. Henry, Street in Salem named Butler. There is the Butler a stockbroker, had become a partner with Philip Wick & Co. Inc., an investment firm on the south­ Wick in 1926 when they formed the Butler Wick west corner, and there is the Salem Branch of the firm. It was the only Youngstown area securities Butler Institute of American Art next to the Society firm to survive the Depression of the 1930s. Bank on the southeast corner. The two Butlers are all in the family. While Henry was on the museum board, a fam­ The beginnings of the two concerns date back to ous painting by John Singer Sargent was added to 1840 in Mercer, Pa., when Joseph Green Butler Jr. the collection and two wings were added to the was born. A fe.w months later liis family moved to museum. A heart attack struck Henry dead in 1934 Niles, Qhid, where he and William McKinley, his while J:te was playing golf. friend, .attended school in the "Old White School That year his son, Jo1>eph Green Butler III, House." became the institute's director and he held the pos­ At age 12, Joseph was making iron for the Union ition until his death at age 79 in 1981, the year troops during the Ovil War. He went on to con­ Louis Zona, the current director took the reins. centrate on steel. He founded the Brier Hill Steel Company, the Ohio Steel Company and Youngs­ When the Butler Institute was built in 1919, it town Sheet and Tube, which came to define the was the first museum in America to be built speci­ Mahoning Valley way of life. fically to house American Art. Old Joseph Green In 1917, when Joseph was 77, a memorial to his Butler Jr., from his years working in the steel old friend and late president William McKinley industry, figured that American industry had was dedicated in Niles. It occupies the site of the triumphed over European industry and that "Old White School House." Joseph had contributed American art would do the same to European art. $100,000 toward the project and had solicited funds from some of his millionaire friends. He wrote that "My hope is that the Institute will That same year his home on Wick Avenue in tend to create a wider knowledge and love of the Youngstown caught fire, destroying" almost all of arts in this community, where the purely useful his entire collection of paintings. His collection of has been largely promoted and the artistic and Indian portraits, still owned today by the Butler intellectual somewhat neglected." museum, survived because they were on loan to the Youngstown Public Library at the time. Perhaps his words now apply to the second But­ Perhaps the combination of events - the . ler Institute of American Art here in Salem. Per­ memorial dedication and the fire - gave Joseph haps the words are prophetic. the idea of creating a safe place and a memorial of his own where his paintings would be taken care of. SAVE ON CHRISTMAS BUYING . He began furiously collecting American art and embarked on his project to build an art museum. DURING ANNIVERSARY MONTH AT He hired the architectural firm of McKim, Meade and White, the firm that had done the McKinley Memorial, to build the museum, across the street !Fred's Li-t-t{e from his house. The name "Vvhite" in the firm's name belonged to a man who had been murdered I tnagina-tions in a 1906. Architect Stanford White, was shot and killed by the husband of actress Evelyn Nesbit on 17 E. Liberty St., Girard, Ohio the roof garden of Madison Sqaure Garden, a 545-1924 building designed by White. The sensational story made headlines at the time and also inspired the 1981 Hollywod movie "Ragtime." 1:1111111111111:11111111111 The Butler Institute of American Art opened in t:xtended Hours Through December: 1919. Among the art works inside were 80 paint­ ings that Joseph had collected by such artists as Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays 10-5 Ralph Blakelock, George Inness, Frank Duveneck Wednesdays & Fridays 10-7 Joseph Green Butler Jr. and Winslow Homer. Sundays By Appointment r Get Yesteryears At Yesterdays Price

Spe~iaf()ffer for Regular newsstand price ·alirnited time.> Including your ad in Yesteryears not $26.00 per year. only affords you the opportunity to- be part of the fastest grov.ing historical publication in the area. 50o/o Savings Now while supplies last receive a My Name.______limited edition mug imprinted with s13.00 Per Year the front page from our premier edition as a souvenir...... Mai/to: Addr.ass S1a~11-..- Yesteryears FREE P.O. Box 268, Salem, OH 44450 City Zi?•---- Additional mugs to anyone wishing to For advertising or subscribing purchase a souvenir mug may do so information call 332-4601 Enclosed is for my for just S2.00 at the Salem News ''.A Weekly Historical Journal" subscription. office. e wit, style and charm of Cole Porter

By _yicki Moeser "Just One of Those Things" and "It's De-Lovely'' _ Smithsonian News Service cheered Depression era Americans. HE STORY GOES THAT Cole Porter came up "Porter's sophisticated, intelligent rhymes and T. with the refrain to one of his most popular rhythms readied a zenith in 1934 as 'Anything songs during a trip around the world in 1935. Hav­ Goes,' " Bowers says, "which described a chaotic ing heard so much about the beauty of dawn over world with such lyrics as 'good's bad today and the harbor in Rio de Janeiro, he and his wife Linda black's white today and day's night today ... ' The decided to rise early one morning to witness it. songs became recognized as one of his finest As dawn broke, Porter exclaimed, "It's delight­ efforts." ful!" Linda added:. "It's delicious." A friend, actor In the mid 1930s the Porters moved to Holly­ Monty Wooley, chimed in: "It's de-lovely." wood where Cole wrote songs for several films. He "This is just the kind of story Porter loved," says Dwight Bowers, a historian in the Division of Com­ loved southern California; not so Linda. "She could munity Life and director of the Division of Musical not abide the carnival atmosphere of Hollywood," Programs at the Smithsonian's National Museum Bowers says. "Her distaste for Cole's movie friends of American History in Washington, D. C. "He was -. a man who could seemingly toss off a perfectly Turn to next page.~ matched melody and lyric as effortlessly as an off­ the-cuff witticism at a dinner party." Porter's career spanned nearly 50 years and pro­ duced more than 500 published songs, including such classics as /1 Anything Goes," "You're the Shopping Top," "In the Still of the Night," "Begin the Beguine/' and "I've Got You Under My Skin." "Cole Porter was perhaps the greatest lyricist of For A Brand his time," Bowers says. "He was master of the interior rhyme. His songs were sophisticated and New Car Is ,,·- _____. erm#te - but never too obscure. They were at ~ ,-=, once risque and innocent." Porter was born on An June 9, 1891. - ~~~~&i~ The only child of Sam and Kate Porter, Cole was Important _, .~ ~-~"' · · born in Peru, Indiana into a life of pleasure and privilege. "At the age of 6, he was a1ready being Family Affair \_, ~ '"'' '·· J coachea in social graces, foreign languages and music by private tutors," Bowers says. "Porter's wealthy, tyrannical grandfather, J. O. Cole, Don't Be :·egarded the boy's musical training in piano and violin as an indulgent waste and insisted that he Too Hasty! have a proper, traditional education to prepare him "Silk Stockings," written in 1955, was one of Make sure you get all the facts on the for a career as a lawyer." At 14, Cole was sent East car of your choice ... You may be in for to school. To enhance her son's precocious image, Cole Porter's last Broadway musicals. "Kiss Kate Porter reported his age as 12 on his admission Me, Kate," written in 1948 and based on some surprises. Now we won't kid you, papers. Shakespeare's "Taming of the Shrew," is often we sell new Fords at a profit and have Early on, peers described Porter as aristocratic in regarded as Porter's greatest work. been since 1926. appearance, with a fine-boned, fine-featured coun~ tenance, a somewhat superior attitude and a sharp We offer you a well known product mas, a beautiful, rich divorcee eight years his wit. At 101 he composed an operetta in the style of from one of our nations greatest Gilbert and Sullivan, and a year Ia ter, saw his first senior. "They enjoyed an exceptionally nurturing composition, "The Bobolink Waltz," published by relationship which endured for over 30 years," manufacturers and the service you his doting mother. Bowers says. "In essence, Linda Porter assumed are entitled to expect when you make Porter entered Yale in 1910, devoting his energy the complex roles of confidant, parent and patro­ ness, responsibilities she shared with Kate Porter." your investment... not a promise of to campus musical activities. '~During this time," Bowers says, "Perter began to perfect his public Bolstered by Linda's encouragement, Cole cun­ fabulous savings or unbelievable image as an elegant idler: a wealthy, slightly tinued to compose music and had modemte suc­ terms... just good old fashioned spoiled but smart1y dressed chap who fashioned cess in placing songs in stage revues in London value, the kind you, your father or dazzlingly clever songs as a result of divine inspi­ and New York. In 1923, Grandfather Cole died, ration and genius rather than persistence and leaving Porter a large inheritance. While Kate and possibly your grandfather have been skill." other heirs prudently invested their money, Cole getting here for the past 40 years. After graduation, Porter entered Harvard, osten­ used his to maintain himself in the manner in which he wished to become accustomed. Ironically, When you go to buy a car, we're sure sibly to study law. But he quickly switched to mus­ the investors lost their money in the 1929 stock ic. In the 1946 Warner Bros. biographical film, you have a certain model, color and market crash. Only Cole en1oyed spending the style in mind, not to mention type of "Night and Day," Cole, played by Cary Grant, bequest. broK.e the news to his disappoirite_d grandfather in Coupled with Linda's holdings, the Porters engine. Extra equipment and interior this poetic way: "Every time I pick up a law book I ranked among the world's wealthiest couples. hear a tune. Every contract I read turns into a styles ... They spent most of the 1920s in Europe, part of the So before you sign any paper or are lyric." glittering international set, traveling widely and In 1916, Porter made his Broadway debut with entertaining extravagantly. talked into buying "Something A Little the musical comedy "See A!Ilerica First." Billed as Better" why not come to us and tell us a "patriotic comic opera," the show was a flop. In 1928, -Porter established his reputation as a One reviewer wrote: "See 'See America First' last." composer with his songs for the musical "Paris," a what y9u REALLY WANT, Chances are Withfri months, Porter sailed to Europe. tribute to his favorite city. All were well received very good that you will pay less here What happened next depends on what biogra­ by the New York critics, especially "Let's Do It anyway... For what you want. pher you read. Sources say Porter moved to Paris (Let's Fall in Love)." to join· the Foreign Legion or the French Army, or he was awarded the Croix de Guerre for entertain­ "This placed Porter in the vanguard of American ing French troops in North'Africa. "He was actual-, theater composers, a charmed circle that also ly a volunteer with the Duryea Relief Party, which included George and Ira Gershwin and Richard aided in distributing food supplies to war­ Rodgers and Lorenz Hart," Bowers says. "As a beleaguered France," Bowers says. musical comedy craftsman, Porter hit his stride in FORD -cC> UNCOLN -cC> MERCURY Before World War I was over~ Porter settled in the early 1930s with a number of successful Paris where, in 1919, he married Linda Lee Tho- shows." Songs such as '1 Get a Kick Out of You," CONTINENTAL DRIVE, SALEM, omo 332-0031 Yest:ertjears 'Morufay, 'J{;oerriber n 1991 CONTEMPORARY Archie, Veronica COLLECTIBLES and gang comics Rocket, the -Wizard, the Hangman), and was By Linda Rosenkrantz named after a high school chum of Goldwater. Copley News Servic;e The ima.ge ?f the freckle-faced, slightly buck toothed (his bite seemed to correct itself over the Even. t}10ugh when we think of blue-chip comic y~ars) redhead, usuaHy dressed in his Riverdale books its the super heroes that come to mind, f:I1gh School sweater and bow tie, was the concep­ there are other, more human heroes who have their tion of MLJ artist Bob Montana, who set out to cre­ staunch admirers (and collectors) as well. After all, ate a character that would be the antithesis of we may have learned about good and evil from the Superman. Montana based a lot of the details of caped_ crusaders, but many of us learned the basics the strip - Riverdal.e High itself, the wholesome of datmg protocol from Archie and Veronica. hangout, Chock~it Shoppe, a~d its owner Pop Tate . "America'~ Famous Teen-ager" first saw the - after the icons of his own small-town light of day m the winter of 1941 in Pep Comics adolescence. N~. 22, featuring MLJ's primo super hero, the To celebrate the 50th anniversary of one of Shield. Young Mr. Andrews got his own book a America's favorite teens, Abbeville Press has just y~ar later, a p:opitious time, since ft was the begin­ pu~l~shed "A~chie: His ~irst 50 Years" by Charles Cole Porter's career as a songwriter spanned ning of a penod of considerable focus on adoles­ nearly 50 y_ears and yielded over 500 published Ph1llrps, .certamly t~e u.lt1mate book on tbe subject. cents - from Andy Hardy (whose radio show was Its prmc1pal attraction is the reproduction of many songs. This photo was taken in the 1950s actuall~ the inspiration for the strip) to bobby classic "Archie" strips, starting with his 1941 debut when Porter worked on such musicals as socks, Sinatra swooners and juvenile delinquents. ("Hyah. M'name's Archie, but call me Chick"). But "Can-Can" and "Silk Stockings." On the cover of issue No. 1, Archie is about to equally interesting are the essays interspersed with beco1:1e. the victim of an ice skating catastrophe. the comics: historic roots and relation to American T~e ~ns1de pages already include Archie's blonde girlfriend, Betty Cooper, and his pal, Jughead (nee small-town life of the period, character analyses Forsythe P.) Jones. His rich brunette friend, Veroni­ and - of special interest to collectors - the mer­ ca Lodge, wouldn't enter the picture until four chandising of Archie. issues later. __ T.he chara~ter was the protagonist of a 1940s The series took off and continued to grow in rad10 show. The Adventures of Archie Andrews" and a number of TV cartoon shows, one of which and associates, coupled with an increasingly trou­ popularity for several decades. In 1967 Archie comics was. the fourth bestselling comic in the featured a rock band called "The Archies." blesome lung ailment, impelled her to return to bo~k !n the 1970s, a public corporation, Archie Enter­ their home in Paris." country, with close to a half a million circulation and ~hree :y:ears later it beat out· DC and Marvel P:ISes Inc., unleased a flood of character merchan­ Afte~ .a ~rief unsuccessful trip to France for a a1se - games, puzzles, coloring books, lunch box­ reconc1hat10n, Porter returned to New York to Cormcs, selling 515,356 copies per issue. es, watches and toys, all of which are collectible ?egin .work on a new stage musical. During a rid­ 1:he i~ea of a comic teen-age protagonist was the today. But, of course, the heart of the hobby is the mg trip on Long Island, his horse reared and fell bramch1ld of John Goldwater, editorial director of cormc books, many of which have considerable val­ MLJ Comics (which, by 1941, had a whole stable of on him,. crus~ing h?th legs. Porter's doctors con­ ue. Pep Comics No. 22 and the first issue of Archie tacted Lmda m-Pans and advised amputation of lesser gods in the pantheon of super heroes - Comics in near mint condition for example sell for both legs. After a consultation with Kate Porter, the Steel Sterling, the Black Hood, the Comet, the well into four figures today. ' ' women agreed that the loss of Cole's legs would so deflate his spirit that he would never recover. Por­ ter had nearly 40 operations during the next 20 Public Auction years. Fine Antiques - Stoneware - Collectibles "At first," Bowers says, "Cole's career seemed to Western Reserve Auction Center rise above his physical problems. He scored a 1221 W. Western Reserve Rd. · . string of stage hits from the late 1930s to the Boardman, Ohio l~iml Three miles South of Rt. 224 on Rt. 7 to Western Reserve West mid-1940s. Despite these commercial successes it orr Western Re:;erve 1/2 mile to sa:e. ' became increasingly obvious that these efforts w~re Wednesday, November 13, 1991 I -1 largely pale, derivative reminders of earlier super- Starting at 6:00 P.M. ior scores." ' Word was o~t that Po:te: was through. He was 1- I n~ longer consider~d chic m many circles. It was said that what audiences wanted were songs with I I the common touch - not Porter's trademark Furniture . Ma_ple and cherry four drawer chest; tavern table; (two) horse collar worldly wit. mirrors: kitche~ cup~o.ard with four carved doors, two drawers; Pa. Dutch T~en in 194~ "P?rter enjoyed a phoenix-like yarn winder with original blue and white paint; washstand with bottom shelf._ signed and daled on drawer; wood butter churn; cedar chest; slant rena1sssance with his score for 'Kiss Me Kate' " top pigeon hole desk; maple spinning wheel; comb back rocker. AM. doll Bowers "This musical . (Four) quolity pieces inclucing-"The Southern Star• with Abraham w:th red hair; A.M. doll. laughing; Madame Alexander dolls; Pussycat, s~ys. Sh~kespeare-inspired L1 nco1.n o~ the other s:d~: Vic!ory of the Constitution over the frigate blonde; Pussycat, brunette; Victoria; Mary Mine; Kitten; Mommie's Pet· come.dy yielded. both his greatest artistic and com­ G~e:nere1 m 1812. The Snip f.1a:-y' rn the Arctic with Whaling in the Bering Meg; Af!1y; Beth; Jo; Laurie' Marmee: porcelain Gerber baby; Orpha~ mercial success m the American musical theater." Strait on t~e other side. Portrait of Captain Vincent with Sailing ship on Annie with cartoon book; several other nice porcelain dolls; Steiff-Cosy the other side. · Molly St. Bernard;_ t~annr rabbit set; Foxy Dog; Paddy the Walrus; Swinny; Porter himself said that "Kiss Me, Kate" was ;~:ty; (two) Sterff Jointed bears; panda bear; Berlin bear; family 4 pc. bear almost the perfect musical. "Unfortunately," he added wryly, "along came a little thing called Collectibles (Five). Cranberry pitchers with coinspot. syrup. etc.; Milk and 'South Pacific.' " . Cranb~rry fairy lamp; carved wooden shelf clock; black woman carved and painted w/basket; Uadro girl with turkey; Boehm Saw What Owl; blue In the early 1950s, Porter's mother and wife both com spot syrup pitcher; Wedgwood blue pitcher w/hunting scene· died. "I~ si:;f te of his constant pain and bouts of S_laffordshire dog and a sheep; Cobalt blue glassware; Crackle glas; ~~-~:.:-:-"!~ pitcher/glasses; (19) small metal RR insignias; (Two) small Navajo ~ill! ;;, .. depression, Bowers says, "Porter continued to blankets; Farner's box and tools; carved painted bull and other animals· p~oduce st~ge ~usicals, including 'Can-Can' and ·1-i~·­ ship's lantern, original paint:·i>itcher and bowl. blue/gold; Eskimo slon~ ~ w/polar bear carving;. oil painting of kittens; porcelain chest set; Cut Silk Stockmgs. He also returned briefly to film Stoneware - Spongeware - glass-.Prlcher; wedding basket; plate; vase; (five) Hagen-Renaker musicals in: the mid-1950s." porcelam horses; carved and signed birds; (five) Chalkware dogs and Bennington - Flow Blue cats; Noritake Azalea china; 72 pieces: several nice milk/water pitchers; In 19?8, Porter's ~ght leg was amputated. He . St~neware watercooler with polar bears/flowers in blue. Stoneware wooden turned ;:roquet set; oil painting of three fox terriers; baskets; salt spent his last years m near seclusion, aividing his pitcher _with The Prodigal Son in blue. Stoneware pitcher with raised glazed cream p1tchi:r w/scene of John Gilpen's Ride. JEWELERY-Opal da1s1es rn blue. Stoneju?· ovoid, blue decoration. Stoneware crock. ovoid. and diamond gold ring; pear shaped diamond while gold ring surrounded hme between his penthouse in Manhattan his blue decoration. (17) p_1eces of blue Spongeware-(Eight pitchers with by diamonds; Turquoise. and silver necklace. 'Squash Blossom•; Orion assorted desi~ns and sizes: b.Jtter crock; cheese crock; cuspidor; bowls. snake tribe necklace; turquois/silver. Elgin gold pocket watch; enameled estate in California and his farm in Massachu~etts Flow Blue-Pitcher; platter; shaving mug; vegetable plate; pitcher with mesh purse. He died in 1964. · carnatio_n design. (34) Pieces of Bennington including-Several pitchers . NOTE-Parfal listing. Many beautiful small items of primitives, with various ,designs of-Stag; Dead Game by Harker.:raylor, E. Liverpool; china. glass. collect1bles. etc. approx. 350 plus lots. Everything in this Newspaper~ John G1lpen s Ride; other pitchers. Also, King Charles Spaniel; cuspidor; around the world paid tribute to ~~~~o~~~~l~";',_one private collector. MAKE PLANS NOW TO ATTEND Porter and his work. The New York Times noted Rebakah at the Wall teapot; Bowls; other nice pieces. Quilts - Toys - Growling Dogs lt

By Harry F.Rosenthal Associated Press Writer ORGET WHAT YOU HEARD about the Red FBaron or watched in movie dogfights pitting Fokkers and Pfalzes against Spads and Sopwith Snipes. The Smithsonian Institution doesn't think aviation contributed much in World War I. Almost in time for Veterans Day - or, more appropriately, Armistice Day - the National Air and Space Museum is opening an exhibit this Wed­ nesday designed to show that World War I flying wasn't the· big deal it's been made out to be. "I think it's safe to say it is the first time the museum is trying to debunk the myth," said Dom­ inick Pisano, lead curator for the exhibit "Legend, Memory and the Great War in the Air." "The basic idea is to set the record straight what aviation in World War I was all about," Pisano said. The idolizing of aces in that war was brought on in part by the news media, movies, magazines· and books, he said. To drive home his point, Pisano stops a tour of Workers prepare a new exhibit entitled "Legend, Memory and the Great War in the· Air" at the •:he exhibit at a Pfalz D.XII which, he said, logged Smithsonian's Air and Space Museum in Washington Tuesday. Forget what you heard about the more hours flying in Hollywood aviation films Red Baron, the Smithsonian doesn't think aviation contributed much in World War I. (AP than it did during the war. LaserPhoto) It starred in the 1930 version of "The Dawn Pat­ rol," with a fictitious red color scheme and a skull and crossbones on the fuselage. Then Howard -JOIN- Hughes bought it for "Hell's Angels." And finally, it flew in "Men With Wings." The Smithsonian unkindly refers to the wartime history of this Ger­ US man plane as "obscure." World War I aviation, thought of as dogfights SUNDAY and derring-do and the pursuit of infamous Ger­ man flying ace Manfred von Richthofen, lived through pulp magazines, comic books and model­ NOVEMBER 10th making in the minds of untold numbers of children. NOON TO 5 P.M. "Curse you, Red Baron," the Peanuts character Snoopy echoed time after time. Buffs won't like it, but the fact is that many of the Red Baron's 80 kills came not in dogfights but through stealth and surprise. That did not stop 'llptownSa{em's Floyd Gibbons from writing in his best-seller about von Richthofen that ''he fought fair, hard and to kill, and the better his foeman fought to kill him, Christmas the better he liked him for it." Such id'?latry made him a hero to many a Serving The Are·a youngster m the 1920s and '30s. Reflecting that OpenJfouse fact, the Smithsonian included a typical boy's room Since in the exhibit, complete with a BB gun, socks on 1?..f,jre.sfiments Setvea th~. floor and an airplane model hanging from the 1917 ce1hng. and still serving the World War I, which pitted Germany and its all­ JCPenney nicest p~ople with ies against France, Britain, Russia, Italy and the United States, cost more than 11 million lives. A "RED CARPET TREATMENT" monument similar to the Vietnam Veterans Co. 229 N. Ellsworth, Salem Memorial listing names of the dead would need to Monday-Friday 8:30 - 8:00 be more than eight miles long. · 503 E. State St. Saturday 8:30 - 7:00 The end of that war, Nov. 11, .1918, was called Salem, OH 44460 Sunday 19:00-1 :OO Armistice Day until revisionists, wanting to make • ~ ~;-;;:;;:;_, l"1'!!!El .---==---'~·-~. t.~J it include other wars in which America took part, Closed Holidays Free De/jvery renamed it Veterans Day. <: 1991, JCPenney Company, Inc. . .., .y:-.v-.y.·u Y.:.. ·'\(·Y.-.v.·:v. y.-~ iv.. \y...,v.·:v;.·y_·~ .y..-~·.v-~·· v. ~- ·':?''Y'~Y.··v:.:-::.. c:v v :v. =-'I:;. -~a?~j Speaking of .'~ < the past...

¥-~~~~~~~~.:~~~~~--r~~~~?-~..:-. ~~-~-~:::-.::.:r ~-:::.::~~-~~~~~;~~~~~~~ .. . , -, .. . - " . , . - ~ . - .. , - . By Dale Shaffer

OVER 50,000 BOOKS HAVE been written about the Civil War. No other era of history has captured the imagination as has the Civil War. Over 860 books on the war years were written in the last 25 years. More than 50 books have been written on Abraham Lincoln alone. THE MOVIE, "GONE WITH THE WIND," was not a favorite of everyone when it was first pro­ duced. On June 30, 1939 a protest was directed against it by groups affiliated with Ohio's Grand Army of the Republic on the grounds that it depicted a Union soldier as "a thief, a libertine and a marauder." The protest was embodied in a resolution approved unanimously at closing sessions of the 73rd annual GAR state encampment by the Sons of Union Veterans and their auxiliary, Women 's Relief Corps, Daughters of Union Veterans and Ladies of the GAR. Charging that the movie showed the heroine, Scarlett O'Hara, killing a A1iss Hayes' fou_rt_h grade class at Fourth. Street School in Sal~m is shown in this photograph Union soldier in her home, the resolution declared ~aken by the official school photographer in front of the school in 1921. George Schmid of Salem that two veterans at the state gathering who is the owner the photo. George clearly marked his presence in the photo when he was a marched with General Sherman to the sea "never of heard of such an incident." Producers were urged youngster, but, unhappily, we can't identify the rest of the children. · to interview Union veterans "to the end that truth.,. ful history be shown upon the screen." AT GETTYSBURG, GENERAL LEE passed a Carl Hertzog's work exhibits wounded Federal soldier who, seeing him, raised himself up and shouted in defiance: "Hurrah for the Union!" The soldier later reported: "The gener­ al heard me, looked, stopped his horse, dis­ creativity, fine craftsmanship mounted, and came towards me. At first I thought he meant to kill me. But as he came up he looked By Suzanne Gamboa El Paso's Texas Western Press and was renown for at me with such a sad expression upon his face his arfistry and perfection in printing and book that all fear left me, and I wondered what he was Associated Press Writer design, about. He extended his hand to me, and grasping N AN AGE OF throwaway paperbacks, desktop "To Hertzog, printing was really a performing mine firmly and looking right into my eyes, said, I publishing and laser printers, a finely designea art," says Al Lowman of San Marcos, who is work­ "My son, I hope you will soon be well." . book is an anachronism - some consider it a ing on a third biography of Hertzog and a biblio­ masterpiece in a society with fleeting appreciation graphy of his work. FOLLOWING THE END OF THE Civil War, for a book's composition. One of Hertzog's best known book designs, Robert E. Lee became president of a broken-down But fine book design and printing are not dead. "Peleliu Landing," was a collaboration with former college - Washington College, now Washington There still are people, usually book collectors Time-Life correspondent Tom Lea. . and Lee University. Every day he visited Traveler, and printers, whose hands tremble when they take Lea was on the. Pacific island of Peleliu during the gray horse who had been with him through hold of printing perfection. They revel in its many the closing days of World War II and sketched the most of the war. Frequently the general would ride sensations - caressing leather binding, opening bloody battle scenes of a U.S. Marine invasion of him to the blacksmith shop to be shod. Before the crisp pages, the smelf of hand-made paper, the the island. Lea's sketches and narratives and Hert­ glowing forge, Traveler, remembering the days of waltz of flowing, carefully selected type. zog's printing craftsmanship combined to create action, would snort and rear. "You must be patient "I consider (a finell designed book) kind of like "Peleliu Landing." · with Traveler," the general would urge, caressing producing a beautifu house. It provides the envi­ "There are only two colors used in that book, his old companion. "He has been through a great ronment for which a piece of literature can be black and blood red," says Lowman. "They bound deal and is somewhat nervous." understood and appreciated," says Sandra Kir­ the copies in Marine dungaree cloth and that is one shenbaum, editor and rublisher of Fine Print: The of the landmark books in American printing." THE SALEM HISTORICAL MUSEUM'S Civil Review for the Arts o the Book magazine in San When he designed a two-volume book for the War dis.play shows that Ohioans fought for the Francisco. King Ranch in south Texas, Hertzog used wide Union on almost every battlefield. Under repeated A book designer chooses the typeface, the· size margins to mimic the ranch's exfanse, and Centaur calls by President Lincoln, Ohio supplied a total of and shapes of the pages and margins, size of tvpe to capture the symbiosis o man and horse at 319,189 men to the Union armies. Of these 35,475 illustrations or photos, binding, and colors to the ranch. He l\.ad paper made bearing the King enhance the narrative it surrounds. But as compu­ (6,835 were killed in action) did not return. The tot­ Ranch brand as water marks. The book was bound ter technology has made such tasks easier and fas­ with replicas of the King Ranch saddle blanket. al number of deaths in the Union forces was ter, fine books are being produced by those inter­ 360,222. ested in making something by hand. "He liked to create and build a mood for the Three of every five Ohio men between the ages "There are a lot of creative decisions being reader to be inspired to open the book and begin of 18 and 45 served. Only New York and Pennsyl­ made," says David Hollman, owner of Wind River reading," Lowman says. vania contributed more. Ohio exceeded its call Press in Austin, Tex. "It can take a while to man­ Earlier this year, to recognize Hertzog's work quotas by 4,332. ipulate everything together to what the designer and to encourage work by new and fine book Army desertions averaged 44 men per thousand,. feels comfortable with." designers, the Associates of UTEP Library spon­ much lower than in most other st.ates. Connecticut, , . _!he l~~~ maste~ printer, Carl !fer~og, who died sorea the Carl Hertzog Award for Excellence in . for example, had 117 desem6ris ·-per' thousand~ rrten; m 1984, wasfounderoHhe·Unrversity~f. :r~as 0 a~ Book Design. · · · Yes-terqears Afontfay, 9{pveniber 11, 1991 Coach's. 'invention' came in momentous year

Football was in its infancy when W. H. Overend painted this scene of an 1800s contest. Entitled, "A Football Match," the commentary follows: "The rough and uncouth character of the sport cannot be denied, and it is these features that are likely to drive it ultimately from its place in public estimation. American athletic sports have tended more and more to take those forms which became popular among the Romans. The Greeks were satisfied with athletic contests which did not involve brutalities or the shedding of blood. Not so the Romans. The Americans, and indeed the English-speaking races generally, tend in the latter direction ... This picture, as a work of art, may be highly praised... The contestants are splendidly developed fellows, full of power and energy. They are wrought up to the pitch of actual battle, and ~f broken limbs do not result from the contest the wonder will be less." (The drawing is courtesy of Art Edling of Guilford Lake)

By.Lois Firestone point on the sidelines of the field he could never each one. see what the referees -v;ere signaling. That night at the game he gave the flags to one EVERAL portentous events occurred in 1941; In 1941, game off,dals used two methods to call of the referees with the suggestion that "If you Salthough at the time the Japanese bombing of their decisions. One was to blow on a horn drop one of these whenever there's a penalty, I Pearl Harbor eclipsed everything else. Scientists attached to thei;· wrists to signify a penalty; the think we'll have a better game." The four agreeable discovered blood plasma which they touted as a other was to 1Jlow a whistle suspended around referees did use the flags. The Penguins won the "wonder drug," and DuPont put its sheeny, much­ their necks t0 stop a play. . game, and afterward three of the referees threw publicized nylon hosiery on the market. A dedi­ The probl.em as Beede saw it was that invariably their flags away. However, head linesman Jack cated driver could make the trip from Chicago to the fans and coaches would miss one of these calls, McPhee kept his .. Indianapolis in six hours, a sure sign highways because fney didn't always have a clear view of the A few years later, McPhee tossed out Irma were improving. And the country's sportswriters referee~ movements. That prevented Beede from Beetle's flag during a game between Ohio State couldn't write enough about tvv:o major events that makir.g a lot of snap decisions necessary to win and Iowa held in Columbus. The Big Ten commis­ happened in major league baseball that year - Ted games. sioner was in the stands that day, and the next Williams hit .400, a record that's never been over­ On the afternoon of Oct. 15, 1941 Beede was week the flag was adopted throughout the confer­ turned since; and Joe DiMaggio hit safely in a relaxing in his Youngstown home going C)Vcr the ence. In 1948, the NFL approved the penalty flag. record 56 straight games. plays for that night's Penguins game with Oklaho­ McPhee has often been credited with throwing ma City. His wife, Irma was sewing on a costume the first flag .. He, however, wasn't so sure. "I kept There was another achievement in sports which for an upcoming Halloween party, and this gave mine, so I got the credit," he often said later. never made ~he headlines that year, or the next, for Beede had an idea that had been brewing for a "That's how it is when a thing becomes history." that matter. But a decision made by Youngstown long time. _ College's aggressive, ambitious football coach ulti­ Rummaging in the family linen closet, he found Beede went on to become the "winningest mately changed the way the game of football was a worn bed sheet. He cut out triangles of white coach". in the history of Youngstown College, later played. . cloth from the sheet, and a series of. triangles from Youngstown State University, and every young The coach was Dike Beede. Beede liked every­ a discarded Halloween costume made of red man who played ror him held him in high esteen:. thing about the sport, although one thing about the material. Then he asked Irma to stitch up four His coaching career spanned several decades; his actual field play bothered him: from his vantage ·flags, embedding curtain weights into the, corner of last season was in 1972-7.3. ·