RAI LROAD SYSTE M

A D E S C R I P T I O N O F I T S M A I N L I N E S A N D BRANCHES W ITH NOTES T H E H I S T O R I C A L E V E N T S WH I c HHAV E TA KE N PL A C E IN T H E TE R R I TO R Y CO N T I GUQ US T able of Contents

Pennsylvania Railroad P A GE All h v s 44 45 48 49 n eg eny Di i ion , , , Mono gahela Divi sion Altoona to Pittsburgh 23 to 29 N ew Hollan d Branch

i . Atlant c City Divi si on 13 N ew York Division 5to 1 l V l a . . 22 42 N ew Y n R . Ba d Eagle al ey Railro d , ork Lo g Branch ailroad l s 34 38 N ew Y . 1 . . 3 Ba timore Divi ion to ork, Phila Norfolk R R s 22 23 N ew Y l 5 12 Bedford Divi ion , ork to Philade phia to ll n 40 O 4 . 1 3 1 Be efo te Branch cean City Branch , ’ l w s n 22 s G Be l ood Divi io Penn rove Branch . - l w 9 10 A y Belvidere De a are Railroad , Perth mbo Branch n 1 4 v s 14 1 7 38 Bridgeton Bra ch Philadelphia Di i ion to , l s 45 47 H r s 14 1 Buffa o Divi ion to Philadelphia to ar i burg . . to 7 s l o 10 1 1 4 s . 3 Bu t et n Branch Philadelphia to the Sea hore , 48 hi t o s 30 3 6 Butler Branch P ladelphia Wa hington . to s 1 3 1 4 P B altim ox Cape May Divi ion , hiladelphia e Wash n 48 49 in t on R H R 30 3 Chautauq ua Bra ch , g to l n C ermo t Branch 45 Pittsburgh Divi sion 23 t o 2 l Co umbia Frederick Branch 38 Pittsburgh to Brownsville Columbia Port Deposit Branch 32 Pittsburgh to Buffalo e s 26 48 m N wa l d Con maugh Divi ion , Po eroy e rk Rai roa w l 1 Corn a l Lebanon Railroad . 7 Popes Creek Branch Cresson Divi sion 25 Princeton Bran ch Cumberland V alley Rai lroad 19 Redstone Branch Delaware 3 1 Renovo Divi sion 42 to s ' 2 R . Ea t Broad T op R . 0 Ridgway Branch Ellswort h Branch 50 Rochester Branch Elmira Divi sion 4 1 Salamanca Branch r J E i 45 Empo ium unction to r e to Salem Branch . J 45 7 l Emporium unction to Buffalo . to 4 Schuy kill Divi sion Freehold and J am esburg Branch 9 Shamokin Branch Germantown Chestnut Hill Sodus Bay Branch n 10 1 1 F Bra ch , South ork Branch Green Spring Branch 37 Southwest Branch H r A 1 9 23 t H n arrisbu g to ltoona . to S one arbor Bra ch H s ll s 39 4 1 u s arri burg to Wi iam port to Sunb ry Divi ion . 40 Hollida sbur 22 23 s l s y g Branch , Su q uehanna, B oom burg Ber

In 26 w . . dianayBranch . ick R R J ohnsonburg Railroad 43 Trenton Divi sion Isl 6 7 T i one v s Long and Railroad , y Di i ion L ow 43 4 s t on G . 8 H s rade Branch , Wa hing to arri burg Lykens V alley Railroad 39 West Chester Branch Manor Branch 27 West J ersey Seashore Railroad Maryland Divi sion 30 to 34 Wildwood Branch v n 13 l s s n 39 2 Maurice Ri er Bra ch Wi liam port Divi io . to 4 1 5 3 l s Canan i . 0 d a ua 4 1 Media Branch , Wi liam port to g Middle Divi sion 19 to 23 Williamsport t o Emporium J unc Millstone Branch 9 tion Milroy Branch 20

Pennsylvania Lines W est of Pittsburgh - PAGE n 3 s Ak ron Divisio 5 Indianapoli s to St . Loui l I w 71 78 s v s n Centra ndiana Rail ay , Logan port Di i io Chartiers Branch 63 Louisville Division v s 70 76 77 sfi l T l Cincinnati Di i ion , , Man e d to o edo Cincinnati to Chicago 78 Marietta Divi sion ’ n n rt enR 70 v s Ci cin ati , Lebanon No h r y Michigan Di i ion Cleveland Pittsburgh Di vision Mun cie Branch 52 6 1 63 64 N ew l h , , , Cumber and Branc Columbus to Chicago 66 to 68 Peoria Divi sion 71 s n 76 77 s vis n 63 65 Columbu to Cinci nati , Pitt burgh Di io to ' Columbus to Indianapoli s via Pittsburgh to Cleveland via 0 Y n s wn ] . 68 69 7 6 Bradford , , ou g to l I t v n via 6 1 Co umbus to ndianapolis via Pittsburgh o Cle ela d Salem . ' “ X n a and t n 70 7 1 s r l l s u e i Day o , Pitt bu gh to C eveland via We l l b s Vi Co um u Newark Division 65 lle resline F 54 56 s us C to ort Wayne . to Pitt burgh to Columb t s 70 7 1 s s l Day on We tern Branch . , Pitt burgh to Cre t ine Dres den Branch 65 Richmond Division n s v s 1 to 7 v s 53 t . 7 5 Easter Di i ion . to S . Loui Di i ion Effner Branch 67 Springfield Branch As v s 60 T l v s n 53 54 6 Erie htabula Di i ion o edo Di i io , , T rn l F . 56 59 s w . 7 ort Wayne to Chicago to oledo , Peoria We te Rai ay r n l v n 69 7 G s I V n s s . . and Rapid ndia a Rai i cenne Di i io , way 69 Waynesburg WashingtonRailroad 63 4 n 66 6 st v s . 5 59 I a s vis on . 8 69 ndia poli Di i , , We ern Di i ion to In l ll Z ll 5 6 s s 78 80 sv s . 6 7 dianapo i to Loui vi e to ane i e Divi ion , t/ houses and the magnificent hotels represent the highest type of modern opulence ; while the East Side contains varied phases of cosmopolitan life .

As a commercial center New York is supreme . Every big industrial institution in the country has an office in the city ; vessels leave its hundreds for of docks practically every port in the world , and it is extensively

c . engaged in manufa turing The principal industries are sugar refineries , for of tobacco factories , and plants the making clothing , chemicals , medi a cines , clocks , w tches , musical instruments , rope , cordage , iron and steel a s products , boats , ammunition , glassware , silverw re , paper , oils , paint , v r soap , starch and matches . In engra ing , printing and lithog aphing the city is very prominent . All Pennsylvania System trains from and to New York use Pennsyl two k on vania Station , occupying entire bloc s Seventh and Eighth avenues , -first - from Thirty to Thirty third streets .

This is one of the largest railroad terminals in the world , having a

of 430 on 784 on . frontage .feet each avenue and feet each street The station p roper c overs an area of eight acres and the tracks and yards

— beneath it, twenty eight acres . on the of The main entrance is Seventh Avenue , at intersection Thirty e and on of the second Street, and th re are entrances exits each streets and

— e . to Thirty fourth Street . There are thre levels in the building An arcade

' on l l a the street leve , by shops , le ds by a wide flight of steps to the f waiting room and concourse , both the largest rooms o their kind in the - one world . The train level , containing twenty tracks and eleven plat

a . forms , is reached by gradual descent and by elevators

Pennsylvania Station is also used by the Long Island Railroad , a sub of t h sidiary of the Pennsylvania System . Within a few blocks the Fla bus of Avenue Station , Brooklyn , this railroad , was fought the Battle of Brook 27 1776 n lyn Heights on August , , when Washington and the Contine tal

Army narrowly escaped being wiped out of existence .

The Long Island Railroad has three stems . The central line runs r of th ough the heart of Long Island , through a number fine towns to

R E R S E R E NE W R IV ID D IV , YO K CITY 6 t M b h Greenpor . The line to ontauk Point, noted for the camp esta lis ed - there after the Spanish American War, extends along the Atlantic Ocean , while the line to Wading River passes along the shore of Long Island

Sound . i ' Leav ng Pennsylvania Station , the passenger to the West or South , new — ff out passes under the post o ice , through an Open between Ninth and of Tenth avenues , and enters the land section the Hudson River tubes .

These twin tubes of steel and concrete , laid seventy feet below the surface of the river , after passing the river section , run under the city of Hoboken , pierce the solid rock of Bergen Hill and emerge in New Jersey . From the - Bergen Hill portal there is a double track standard railroad , elevated

’ T ransfer where above the Hackensack Meadows , to Manhattan , it joins New v the old line of the York Di ision . The elevated line is five miles long and crosses the Hackensack River, three railroads , and numerous high ways , all above grade . At Manhattan Transfer the downtown line unites with the line from

Pennsylvania Station . A large number of electric trains are operated Cortlandt between Hudson Terminal , at and Church streets , through ’ s the Hudson and Manhattan tubes , and over the Pennsylvania Railroad w’ surface line from Jersey City to Manhattan Transfer and Ne ark. erse Cit i of J y y , w th inhabitants , the second city of the State New z Jersey, both in si e and manufacturing interests , grew from the little settlement of Paulus Hook , which lay in the present city about N ew the opposite the Battery in York . It was a fortified post during two Revolution , and the scene of spirited engagements between the

Americans and the British . The first steam ferry service in the world was operated between Paulus Hook and N ew York by a steam ferry 1812 boat constructed by Robert Fulton in . T o- day , Jersey City fronts for five miles on the Hudson River, directly opposite downtown New York ; its northern limits reach Hoboken and

y . New its southern , Ba onne . The shipping interests are second only to of York , and the products its mills and factories include tobacco , iron and steel boilers , lead pencils , brass , copper, pottery , , varnish and . glass is hundreds of other articles of trade and commerce . It the meat market

N ew . of of York and the cold storage capital the country . Jersey City was the eastern rail terminus of the Pennsylvania System

s 26 1910 . until the Penn ylvania Station was opened on November , A num and ‘ a ber of steam trains are still operated in out of the Jersey City St tion , but the bulk of the travel is handled on the electric line . which connects N ew York s , Manhattan Tran fer, and Newark by a most comprehensive f service of ast trains . N ewar R k , just across the Passaic iver from Manhattan Transfer,

of it . in with a population is the largest c y the State . It

on of . is a hive of industry , and account the extent and diversity of its manufactured products it ranks eleventh in the manufacturing cities of the country . There is hardly a household in the land that does not use some product of Newark . The housekeeper uses its cotton and thread , the c farmer its implements , the manufacturer its ma hinery , the store of h u keeper its varied output leat er , metal , and brass . The first cell loid was made here and i t is here extensively manufactured into many of - forms useful things . two Newark , which has just passed its hundred and fiftieth birthday , has z in always been enterprising and progressive , and the first bank organi ed ’ New was in 1804 Jersey located here . Newark s suburban section, the “ ” f r Oranges and other smaller settlements , are famed o the beauty of their residences .

7 TR ACK ' TANKS BE TWE E N N E W YORK AND PHILADE LPHIA

The tracks of the Pennsylvania System pass through Newark and the great freight transfer yards at Waverly at an elevation to lizabeth f E o . , a thriving town inhabitants It has a number of of factories , and it is the residence many engaged in business in New York z of old and neighboring cities . Eli abeth boasts an inn Where General Washington stopped on his way to New York for his inauguration ; and at what was then called Eliz abethport the presidential party left their New Y traveling coaches and took ship for ork . Rahwa of of y, with a population about has a number manu facturin It g plants . is the junction point with the line that extends to the southeast to Perth Amboy , South Amboy, and all the resorts on the “ ” ‘ one of upper Jersey Coast . These include Long Branch, the oldest seashore resorts in the United States , Asbury Park, Ocean Grove the n great camp meeting ground , Spring Lake and the many settlements arou d

Barnegat Bay . From South Amboy, a line extends to Camden , which of -N ew formed part the original Philadelphia York line , and over which ” the old John Bull locomotive , now in the National Museum at Wash in on t 1834 . g , ran in for the first time Continuing on past the beautiful golf course of the Colonia Country and the one Club , s uburban settlement at Iselin , comes to M enlo Par k, a country town which is noted the world over from d s . an . its connection with Thoma A Edison, scientist inventor It was 1876 here , about , that Edison established his laboratory, and his reputa “ ” tion as The Wiz ard of Menlo Park and one of the foremost inventors

of o . the w rld . Here was made the first phonograph

Between Menlo Park and Metuchen , one of the older towns of this of ew section N Jersey , the railroad passes through a most picturesque valley and on into the characteristic section of red gravel surrounding N ew Brunswic on of k , the western bank the Raritan River, with out a population of Its factories turn cigars , rubber goods , of R medical supplies , knit goods and wall paper . It is the seat utgers

1766 . u ao College , founded in The town was the scene of m ch military tivit y during the Revolution , and was occupied by the British in the win f 6- ter o 177 77 . A great double -track stone bridge carries the tracks over the river into

8 . and the city , they are continued through the city limits on an elevated viaduct .

From N ew Brunswick , a branch line extends to East Millstone , a little of of of town on the banks the Millstone River, one the tributaries the

Raritan . Monm outh Junction is the connecting point with the seashore line to Sea Girt, Long Branch , Asbury Park , and Point Pleasant . About mid way on this line , between Englishtown and Freehold , the railroad bisects onm outh Battlefield M , where on June the British forces , who ’ had recently evacuated Philadelphia, were attacked by Washington s troops . Here it was that General Lee received the historic rebuke ” - inex from Washington of ill timed prudence , when he ordered an ’ plicable retreat before Cornwallis men , and here Moll Pitcher , a water carrier , helped to man a cannon when her husband was killed before her eyes . Princeton , three miles from the main line at Princeton Junction , is not only the seat of Princeton University , but is invested with much historical New interest . It was the first capital of Jersey , and the Federal Congress 1783 sat there in the summer of . During the Revolution it was both a camp and battleground . After the battle of Trenton , General Washington , out New in his efforts to drive the British of Jersey, attacked their forces Mawhood under Colonel , encamped at Princeton , and defeated them 3 1777 . after a hot fight on January , It has a population of Trenton of New , the capital Jersey , with a population of thrives on its industries . Its potteries are widely celebrated , its rubber

its a . factories well known , and .wire and c ble products are widely used It is located on the eastern bank of the Delaware River at the head of navigation by small steamers . ’ 5 n Trenton history exte ds far back through the ages , so it is claimed by scientists who have deduced from relics dug up in the alluvial sands that pre- historic man made his habitat here beside the river in the Ice of or Age . Here , too , was a headquarters the famous Lenni Lenape

Delaware Indians .

Trenton was an active center of interest during the R evolution . The of 26 battle of Trenton , fought on the early morning December , was preceded by the memorable passage of t he Delaware by General

. New Washington, and it resulted in the freeing of Western Jersey from T o out the Hessian mercenaries . drive the Hessians , General Washington assembled his army in various positions , stretching for miles along the western bank of the Delaware River, with orders for a concentrated attack on Trenton in the night . The general movement miscarried , but General

Washington , with men and eighteen pieces of artillery, forced a crossing of the icy river and attacked the Hessian garrison before it had entirely recovered from its Christmas revelries . The commander of the troops and a number of the foreign soldiers were killed , and the entire force of survivors were captured . Trenton IS the junction point with the Belvidere—Delaware Railroad ex tending northward along the Delaware River to the Delaware Water Gap and the Pocono Mountains . ’ W ashin ton s rossin g C g, lying about ten miles north of Trenton on this line is the point where Washington with the main body of his troops crossed 1776 n the river on Christmas night, , for the attack o Trenton . It was ’ M cConke then known as y s Ferry . hilli sbur P P a . p g, with its sister city , Easton , , a little over fifty miles hinkte north of Trenton , was the Lenni Lenape chief village , known as C w nk - u . To day the cities have a combined population of about At

'

Easton is Lafayette University, a noted educational ins titution .

9 P n North of hillipsburg , this bra ch of the Pennsylvania System extends to the Delaware Water Gap , where the river breaks through .the mountain “ wall in a deep gorge , and Stroudsburg , the gateway for the beautiful

Pocono Mountain region . A branch line also extends along the feeder of the Delaware and R aritan canal south from Trenton to Bordentown n , the original south termi us of the first rail line in New one- Jersey , and noted as the time residence of Jerome Bonaparte , brother of Napoleon Bonaparte . This branch connects with the old Camden and t Amboy line from South Amboy to Camden , ex ending through the two century old town -of B rlin ton one of New u g , the earliest settlements in Jersey . At of the middle the railway bridge , just west of Trenton , the main line of the railroad crosses the boundary line between New Jersey and Penn sylvania . Morrisville , at the western end of the Trenton Bridge , was named for

- Robert Morris , the financier of the Revolution . Here the low grade freight

-~ - - c from _ line , whi h runs , the Susquehanna River below Harrisburg through

Pennsylvania , unites with the main line for New York . Beyond Bi orrisville the railroad extends through what was once known ’ as Penn s Manor , a reservation made by the founder of the city of Phila to old delphia for a country estate , Bristol , an town with people on R r and large textile mills , and thence along the Delaware ive , past a number of charming suburban towns to orres a e s T d l , a pretty settlement along the picturesque bank of Po uessin q g Creek, which marks the northeastern boundary of the city of

Philadelphia .

Holmesbur unction - g J , with the grim stone walls of the Philadelphia a of House of Correction dominating the scene , m rks the divergence the f old o . branch line to the quaint town Bustleton , back in the hills

Tacony and Wissinoming , with their great saw mills and cordage plants , n Bridesburg with its important Government arsenal , and Frankford , oted for its textile mills , mark the way to ran ford unct on R F k J i , where the Delaware iver Bridge Line to

Atlantic City and Cape May connects with the main line . orth Phi adel h a N l p i , the Philadelphia station for many of the through

. of trains between New York and the West , lies just west Broad Street , ’ Philadelphia s widest avenue . It is also the junction point with the Chest

THE DE LAWAR E RIVE R AT B UR EIN GTON 10 E PE E E II ALL P L E P IND ND NC , HI AD L HIA

nut Hill branch extending through the Germantown section , where was old e fought the Battle of Germantown around the Ch w House , October f 4 1777 o . , in the occupation Philadelphia by the British W est Philadelphia is the station for West Philadelphia and also the Philadelphia station for many of the through trains to points south of

Washington .

Crossing the Schuylkill River , Philadelphia trains continue to Broad one Street Station , a distance of mile . Philadel h a r p i , the home city of the Pennsylvania Railroad , thi d city of 1 657 of the United States , and eleventh of the world , has a population , , 0 81 . It is one of the most noted manufacturing centers in the country, and it has the greatest percentage of one-family homes of any of the large cities of the United States . While it is probable that Cornelius Mey sailed up the Delaware as far 1 614 as Philadelphia in , the first actual settlement here was made about 1655 1 638 . , by the Swedes , whose central colony was at Wilmington In ,

Stuyvesant conquered the Swedes , but Dutch rule was doomed to a short 1 664 life , for the English obtained possession of the Delaware country in , w and William Penn , the English Quaker , became Proprietary of the hole 1 6 now 81 . section embraced in Pennsylvania and Delaware , in 1 682 out Penn came to Philadelphia in , and at once laid the town , extending then from the Delaware back to about Eighth Street , and from

Vine Street to South Street . It was during this Visit that he made his famous treaty with the Delaware Indians , under the tree , which until a few years ago stood in Penn Treaty Park .

The little town grew with the years until it was , prior to the Revolution , of the leading commercial city the Colonies . It was also a center for learned societies and a prominent outpost for the religious societies of the old world . While its Quaker population were bitterly opposed to war it became ’ of — for the storm center the American Revolution here , in Carpenter s 1774 Hall , met the first American Congress in September , , and in Inde endence 1729 p Hall , erected as a city building in , convened the Second 1775 of I nde end Congress , in , which adopted and signed the Declaration p

on 4 1776 vi z . ence July , , proclaiming American liberty to the ci li ed world

From Philadelphia , Washington went forth to take command of the 4 1 777 Continental Army , and here , on October , in the streets of German town , he met the British , who had occupied the city after the battle of the

Brandywine .

11 hi t 1800 P ladelphia remained the capital of the United S ates until , the convention being held here that drafted the Constitution during June , u 1787 . Here Washington was inaug rated First President . Here was established the first United States Bank . 1854 In , the original city was consolidated with thirteen outlying town ships and boroughs and the city limits made coterminous with the county v hi limits . During the Ci il War Philadelp a took a large part in the raising 1876 of troops , and here , in , was held the Centennial Exposition , the first of the great World Fairs in this country . Philadelphia is distinguished for the great variety of its manufactured products . The leading industries are the manufacture of machinery, loco motives , iron ware , saws , hardware, ships , carpets , woolen and cotton goods , leather, sugar, drugs and chemicals . It is also the home of a large . number of printing and publishing plants . The manufactories include

10, 000 se ara e , $500, p p t establishments representing a capital investment of OOOOOO the t , , employing wage earners , and the value of to al output is estimated at

t — a r Broad S reet St tion , f onting the City Hall at Broad and Market of Penns l streets , and accommodating all of the suburban service the y New of vania Railroad , except the Jersey lines , and the greater part the through service , occupies two blocks with the covered train shed over the sixteen passenger tracks which enter the station on an elevated

' ou n viaduct . The ticket offices and baggage rooms are the grou d

floor and the general waiting rooms on the train floor . The main office of the Pennsylvania Railroad occupies eight office floors above the station proper . The Pennsylvania System also maintains a station at the foot of Market Street on the Delaware River for the service over its seashore and other lines extending from Camden , N . J .

S E E S P E P BROAD TR T TATION , HILAD L HIA 12 ATLANTIC CITY BOARD WALK

Philadelphia to the Seashore N order that it may afford the traveling public the most complete service possible to the Forty Beaches along the New Jersey Coast between

I Cape May and Long Branch , the Pennsylvania Railroad provides train service to these seashore points from two terminal stations in Phila

— delphia Broad Street Station and Market Street Wharf . The route to the North Jersey resorts from Broad Street Station “ via Monmouth Junction and Sea Girt has been noted in the previous section . Delaware River Bridge trains from Broad Street Station to Atlantic

City , Cape May, Wildwood , Ocean City and other resorts , after crossing the Delaware beyond Frankford Junction , pass the old town of Haddon

field , where the Continental Congress held many sessions , and on through the pine - belt of New Jersey to the wide beaches on the sandy strip beyond ‘ the great salt marshes that border the seaward side of southern N ew Jerse r Frdm Market Street Wharf a ferry service leads across the Delaware N ew to Camden , whence lines reach across the State of Jersey to Sea

’ the route Side Park , Sea Girt and Beach Haven ; to Atlantic City over of - - of the half century old Camden Atlantic Railroad , now an integral part the West Jersey Seashore Railroad , and through the heart of the old province of West Jersey, early settled by English Quakers and Swedes , to the southern part of the State . n It is interesting to note that abou t midway between Mt . Holly o the was Sea Side Park line , and Hammonton , on the Atlantic City Division , located the first Indian reservation . Here , at Indian Mills , the remnant w e 1758 of the Dela are Indian trib were placed in , and later removed to their present reservation in Oklahoma . The electric line to Atlantic City follows the main route of the old West Jersey Railroad south from Camden to N ewfield through a number of settlements and towns that date back before the Revolution . Thence it turns directly across the State , through the pine belt to Atlantic City . of old About three miles west Westville Station , on this line , is the of and battlefield Red Bank Fort Mercer , the scene of a bloody engage 22 1777 . ment between the colonists and British October , ’ From Woodbury , branch lines extend to Penn s Grove and to Salem . ’ On the Penn s Grove lines are great powder works , and the Salem line taps a wonderfully fertile trucking section .

13 n n ew From Glassboro , a branch line exte ds to Bridgeto , and from N M llville field the electric line continues to Vineland and . Beyond the “ latter station the old steam route to Cape May extends through the pines , with branches running to Ocean City, Stone Harbor and Wildwood Crest . m From Manu uskin Station just south of Millville , a branch extends to R of R Maurice iver, the home the famed Maurice iver oysters .

Philadelphia to Harrisburg

E S TB OUN D i i trains from Broad Street Station , Ph ladelph a , follow the same route traversed by trains from New York to a point some distance beyond West P hiladelphia Station and thence of e skirt the upper borders W st , Philadelphia to ft -second S t reet Fi y station, where the Schuylkill Division branches away to the north to follow the Schuylkill River through R eading to of ‘ Pottsville, at the foot the Broad Mountain range . Valle or e A y F g , the historic winter quarters of the Continental rmy in ‘ 1777- 1778 situatéd in , is the eastern end of the Chester Valley and upon “ the hills on the western bank of the Schuylkill about eighteen miles north — z of Fifty second Street, near Bet wood Station . Pottstown i on , forty miles from Ph ladelphia this line , is historically ’ ’ of celebrated as Pott s Grove , the camping place Washington s Army j ust before the battle of Germantown . It has a population of Readin two g, lying at the foot of elevations of the South Mountain , eversink nk known as Mt . Penn and N Mountain , ra s third among the industrial cities of Pennsylvania . It was founded by Thomas and Rich n in ard Penn, sons of William Penn , and named after the city of Readi g f . o s England, their birthplace It is a center the Penn ylvania German of hi settlements in Berks County, w ch it is the county seat, and has a population of Pottsvil e vi n l , the northern terminus of the Schuylkill Valley Di sio , is noted as having been witness to the discovery of coal and its initial use in one of producing heat and energy . Samuel Potts , the earliest settlers in hi of i e t s section , dug the first piece coal out of his land w thin the pres nt of 1798 1806 boundaries the city in . It was not until that a blacksmith d i name Daniel Beath , also resident in Pottsv lle, used this black rock that ' T o- nh s burned in his smithy . day Pottsville , with i abitant , is the r metropolis of the Schuylkill and Broad Mountain anth acite districts . The through route between Philadelphia and Wilkes -Barre extends north from Pottsville to Haz leton and into the valley of the north branch of the Susquehanna . verbroo of O k, within the western limits Philadelphia, is “the beginning of envi a stretch of suburban territory, which, in natural beauty, artistic ronment of f not . , and wealth architectural e fect is surpassed in the world

Station after station , including Merion , Narberth , Wynnewood , Ardmore, Strafiord Haverford , Bryn Mawr , Rosemont, Villa Nova , Radnor, , Devon,

Berwyn , Daylesford , and Paoli , contain the stately homes and country of z vie seats wealthy citi ens , who with each other in the adornment of the grounds and gardens .

Many of the houses and grounds may be seen from the train , but they extend for miles on both sides of the railroad in a country which is as celebrated for its landscape beauty as it is famous for its fertility . The old hi hi - — Lancaster Pike , w ch plays de and seek with the line , is one of the famous old highways of the country and was the original trail , and after

s . wards turnpike , between Philadelphia and Pitt burgh Paoli f vi , the terminus o suburban electric train ser ce , is a very old settle

ment , and its famous inn , named for Pasquale di Paoli , the Corsican hero ,

14 THE CHE S TE R VALLE Y

w two . t o a dates back over hundred years About miles from Paoli , ne r ” Malvern Station , is the scene of the Paoli Massacre . Here , September 20 1777 of , , a detachment Americans under General Wayne was surprised of by a night attack a British force under General Grey . Little resistance ' 3 A could be offered by the sleeping soldiers and 5 mericans were slain . Frazer is the junction of the branches leading to West Chester and

Phoenixville . ’ W est hester C , originally settled as Turk s Head in the very early of 1786 be days Pennsylvania , received its present name in , when it f of came the county seat o Chester County . It has a population z of Beyond Fra er, going west , a magnificent View the famous Chester f Valley may be had from the right hand side o the train . This valley is of of one the richest and most productive sections the State , as is fully evidenced by the fine farms that bound the road . It is also hard to match in the beauty of its landscape . D ownin town of g is an old settlement, and still contains many the original homes of its early settlers . It figured in the Revolution as a barracks for soldiers and prisoners . From Downingtown , a branch line extends to the northwest to New Holland and over the low Welsh Mountain to r Lancaster th ough wonderful farm lands . Coatesvill e of is a manufacturing city people , with large iron mills and other factories that make it an industrial center . On the western border of the town the road crosses the Brandywine Creek on a high

i . stone bridge , from which there is a V ew of the valley and the mills ’ of A few miles to the south , at Chadd s Ford , the battle Brandywine 1 1 777 was fought September , 1 The engagement was between a British a and llied force of men commanded by General Howe , and a de tachmen t of Continental troops under General Washington . Pom eroy marks the junction of the branch line leading south through the hills to Newark , Del . Par esbur - i k g, half way between Ph ladelphia and Columbia , was the location of the railroad shops when the original railroad was owned by f the State . The executive o fices of the railroad were also located there . Chri tiana s , a quiet and peaceful town , was the scene of a serious riot 1851 f . in , caused by the attempted enforcement o the fugitive slave laws of A native Maryland , who had followed his runaway slaves into the

State , was killed in the affray and several others were wounded .

15 Gap is the highest point between the Sc huylkill and Susquehanna rivers . It is so named from the opening in the hills between the Chester and Pequea Valleys . Beyond is Lancaster Count y, which has had a remarkable history . Part of the domain of the Five Nations who roamed in mastery over the Susque In1700 hanna Valley, the Incursion of German and Irish settlers , , drove the Red Men west . Later came the Mennonites , religious immigrants , who r survive as the Dunkards , thrifty fa mers , under whose care the fertile Of s soil the county has made it one of the garden spot of the world . It is n r a tobacco center as well . The Du ka d farmers still retain their simple dress and habits . is The valley of the Conestoga Creek , which crossed in the eastern u s burb of Lancaster , was noted for the fine grade of work horses bred there . Teams of these horses , geared six to an enormous covered wagon , moved all the freight locally and between the East and West in the early days . It is uncertain whether the name of the wagon was derived from ‘‘ ” the horses or the location , but the Conestoga Wagon , until the advent of l a was steam rai ro ds , the highest type of vehicle for freight transportation . of The Indian village Conestoga , near Lancaster, was the scene of a “ ”

1763 M . tragic incident in , known as the Conestoga assacre After ’ Braddock s defeat , the hostile Indians began to plunder and burn the of homes the white settlers and murder their families . These outrages n became so umerous and brutal that the settlers , under the guidance of “ ” of - the Paxton Boys , a kind self appointed Vigilance committee , deter

on . mined revenge They attacked the village of a friendly tribe, burned of it, and slew as many the Indians as they could find . The survivors were taken to Lancaster and protected by the authorities in the work of house , but taking advantage the absence Of the guards at church the h avengers stormed the workhouse and murdered t e remainder of the tribe . Lancaster , with a population Of is the county seat of Lancaster

County . The city is extensively engaged in manufacturing , its products

n . bei g cigars , cotton goods , watches , shoes , and iron and steel goods of It is also the seat Franklin and Marshall College .

Lancaster has never been the scene of real hostilities , but it was active in both Colonial and Revolutionary times in fitting out expeditions and

. nk as a military station Benjamin Fra lin , by his personal efforts , fitted ’ out the supply department of Braddock s expedition against Fort Duquesne

MAS ONIC HOME A T E LI ZABE THTOWN 16 1753 250 in , and Lancaster County contributed wagons and as many pack f r horses to carry supplies and provide o the sick and wounded . of The original line of the railroad lay through the city Lancaster, and ran thence to Columbia , where it met the canal and passengers were transferred to the packet boats . When the canal was abandoned , the line Of was extended along the north bank the Susquehanna to Harrisburg . -Off Later on a cut was built from a point just east of Lancaster , forming Old the hypothenuse of the triangle , which joined the line again near -o Middletown . Some Of the fastest through trains run over this cut ff. Columbia , with a population of twelve miles southwest of

L was by 1726 . ancaster , settled Quakers in It is very attractively located on the river and maintains a number of industries . When the selection Of 1789 ’ a site for the National Capital was agitated in , Columbia s claims were strongly urged . of Beyond Lancaster , the main line the railroad turns northwestward T o toward the valley Of the Susquehanna River . the west may be seen Of miles of its the ridge high hills that enclose the river for many , course , low fiat and to the north the , summit of the Blue Mountain soon comes i into V ew .

M t . o of t J y, a busy town abou two thousand people , is the center of a fine agricultural district . E izabethtown Old l , an settlement in a beautiful location , is the site of f r f the State Masonic Home o aged and infirm members o the Order . The buildings may be seen from the train on the south side of the tracks . The

’ lands surrounding comprise a thousand acres . Conewa o on o g , C newago Creek , over which the railroad crosses , is the junction with the line to the north through the scenic and fertile f . o . Lebanon Valley to Mt Gretna and the city Lebanon A wide , stony of swale, in marked contrast to the general features the land , is crossed

of . just east Conewago It runs north and south , and local tradition credits “ ” i the Of so— it w th being path the called underground railroad , by which to fugitive slaves passed from the Southern border the North and Canada . Middletown , backed by agriculture , is also a manufacturing center f and a shipping point for the stone quarries o the Vicinity . It has a pOpu lation of On the left Of the tracks a fine iew of the Susquehanna V ' flows ast River spreads out like a great panorama . Swatara Creek p its eastern boundary . Ste elton 1880 won its present name in . Besides containing one of the of the fl great steel plants country, it has also lumber mills , our mills , brick

' a works and machine shops , and population of Harrisbur g, with a population of is the State capital of Penn w 85 . as 17 sylvania The city founded in by John Harris , and for a num f ’ ber o years was known as Harris Ferry . It became the capital of the 181 2 of vi State in , and was the center great acti ty during the Civil War , particularly during the Gettysburg . Grave fears of its cap “campaign for i s ture were entertained and heroic measures were taken t defense .

- Colonel Thos . A . Scott , Vice President of the Pennsylvania Railroad , and ’ of also Assistant Secretary War , in conjunction with Pennsylvania s war governor , Hon . Andrew G . Curtin , made their headquarters in the Old Of station , and directed the movements for the transportation troops through the military telegraph system which was organiz ed there for the

first time in war history .

The iron , steel and lumber interests of Harrisburg are large . The manu facture of machinery, boilers , castings , brooms , cars , leather, lumber, textiles , typewriters , boots and shoes and other products is extensive . c k The State capitol , a magnifi ent edifice on a high point overloo ing the d an is . city the valley, the crowning feature of the city

17

LE WIS TOWN NAR ROWS

L ewistown N arrows on , a narrow gap lying between Log Mountain , the south , and Shade Mountain , on the north . The mountains rise abruptly from the river level in many places to a great height, their sides covered w ith a dense forest growth , creating the impression of a deep shadow in

. i the gorge Here and there the sides are broken , and indented rav nes and bare boulders stand out in naked wildness . Lew to n unction of the is w J , at the western gateway Narrows , is the main for of Kishico uillas line station Lewistown , at the head the beautiful q

Valley, and junction point with the Sunbury Division extending through the ’ of u valley at the foot Jack s Mo ntain , northeast to Selinsgrove and Sun On of bury , the Susquehanna , and the branch to Milroy .

A mile above Lewistown the settlers built Fort Granville , which , after ’ d Braddock s efeat , was destroyed by the Indians and French and the garrison killed or captured . This valley was also the home of Logan , the Of Mingo chief, who was the consistent friend the whites in all their n troubles with the In“dians or their allies , and no inducement or persuasio could move him to lift the tomahawk agains t the sons Of Onas (William n Pe n) . of M fflin IS As the county seat County, Lewistown an important com m ercial center for the farmers and others In the surrounding valleys . A m of nu ber manufacturing plants are also located here . on hi ountain M cVe town Sweeping past Shade , through y and Newton

Hamilton , noted as the site of the Juniata Camp Meeting , the railroad enters ’ M ount Union , beautifully located at the foot of Jack s Mountain , n and a busy town of mills , tan eries and other industries . In Aughwick

T o . Valley, through which the East Broad p Railroad extends from Mt 1756 Union , just south Of the town was built Fort Shirley, in , and here out t Armstrong fitted his expedi ion against the Indians at Kittanning . The old fort witnessed many a bitter struggle between the white and the mn red a . ’ ’ Jack s N arrows marks the gap Of the Juniata through Jack s Moun tain and perpetuates the name and fame of doughty Jack or John Ander in son, who with two companions was murdered by the Indians the narrow n f s defile in early colo ial days . This gorge is much like some O the canyon in the far west and extends from Mt . Union to Mapleton . Beyond Maple

20 ton , it seems as if the mountains had retreated somewhat from their close

formation to give the farmer a chance to compete with the miner, lumber

man, and quarryman , although some of the finest sand in the State is Of taken out the surrounding hills . Huntin don g is set in a most attractive environment . It is a manufac i of considei able tur ng town importance, includinbg boilers, machinery, i furnitui e in and p ping and stationery its output, has a population of 6 861 e 60 . 17 a n , It was s ttled In , but sh red with the entire valley the da gers , law trials , and tragedies of the frontier until and order was established

“ after the Revolution . The stockade at Standing Stone (present site of Huntingdon) was the refuge of many settlers at the time of the Indian forays . On the plateau to the left of .the railroad will be seen the State R eformatory . ’ ’ fl 5 Piercing Warrior s Ridge , a at topped range , with Tussey Mountain to the south , the railroad comes to Petersbur f In g, where the Big Juniata lows from the southwest, along e d to which runs the double tracked Portage fr ight line , exten ing Holli da sbur n y g and thence across the Logan Valley and . up the wester side of Alle ri us z on g pp gorge , joining the , main line again at Gallit in , the f summit O the Alleghenies . of From Petersburg, the main line turns up the narrow valley the Little J aniata through a series of little ridges and some of the wildest and m ost picturesque scenery along the route . At Spruce Creek the tracks of are abruptly intercepted by a spur the mountain , which is pierced by a short tunnel . The train emerges into another wild valley , the sides of z which produce some iron ore , inc , and lead . T rone n a y , with inhabitants , is a town surrounded by atur l wealth nurtured into prosperity by the railroad . It has forges , planing ill ' i m s and . , tanneries , all handling the products of the v cinity The town Of is most picturesquely located in the depths a narrow valley , so narrow at one point that an immense flag has been hung from a cable strung Is from one side Of the ridge to the other . Sinking Valley near by famous for its sinking spring and other natural curiosities . The valley produces iron ore and other minerals . on The deep gorge, formed by Bald Eagle Mountain the east and the

’ m en s NAR R OWS 21 steep ascent to the Alleghenies on the west, running north from Tyrone is occupied by the Bald Eagle Valley Railroad , extending to Lock Haven f e o th . on the West Branch Susquehanna The Tyrone Division , extending ns Clearfield northwest into the exte ive coal mining region of County, sur mounts the crest of the Allegheny Mountains thirteen miles from Tyrone ’ and continues down into the upper waters of the Susquehanna s West

Branch .

B ellefonte N , , lying in the valley between the Bald Eagle and ittany “ ” ns Of Mountai , is noted as the home the Governors , three Governors of

Penns ylvania having come from there . The original settlers in the Bald

Eagle Valley lived near Milesburg . Phili sbur e Oi p g, s ttled by Henry Phillips , _ England, as an estate in 1796 ; Clearfield of Old , with a population occupying the site of an di Chinklacam oose Of In an town , known as , on the west branch the Sus uehanna q , was so named because the plateau here was comparatively Of free from the dense woods the mountains , and

’ Curwensville a r , leather town , are the chief places on the Ty one

Division . t e r Through Tyrone , h main line makes a b oad curve and enters the a i Logan Valley (named for the Indian , C ptain Logan, who was the orig nal settler at Tyrone) . Bellwood IS the junction point Of the Bellwood Division , which runs in a northwesterly direction through valuable and extensive coal fields . The on IS u scenery this division celebrated for its wild and rugged bea ty , and the line is noted for the boldness with which the difficulties of mountain climbing have been overcome . Punx utawne a s y, in the valley of Mahonintg3 Creek, tributary of the l is coal e Al egheny River, the chief town in the rich fields n arby . It has a 10 000 population approximating , . East Altoona IS the front yard of the great railroad city of Altoona l I and a very busy p ace . Here S a typical classification freight yard of the

Pennsylvania System . The View from the passing train gives but scant ' of 205 miles of idea its activities , for here are tracks and over a thousand for switches , with a capacity Over ten thousand cars . Here one sees “ ” great humps , from which cars are received and moved to their respective branch tracks by gravity . Altoona , lying directly at the foot of the main ridge of the Alleghenies , on P and its lowest slopes , was founded by the ennsylvania Railroad in 1849 as the logical location for its construction and repair shops, And r n a — so it has g ow up as a r ilroad town , pure and simple , and to day has over 56 553 Of , inhabitants , mostly employees the Pennsylvania and their families . are he The immense railroad shops t largest in the world , and they have no counterpart except the London Northwestern Railway shops at Crewe , England . This great combination of constructive energy, em

' . uniata bracing the Altoona machine shops , the car shops , the J shops , the East Altoona engine house , and the South Altoona foundries , cover

of 242 . raw a a yard area acres They receive the m terial and , beside making all kinds of repairs , turn out coaches , freight cars , and locomotives , both passenger and freight . A on ltoona is the northern terminal for trains the Bedford Division , ’ extending southward through gaps and valleys between T ussey s and

'

n . ns Willis mountai s and the main slope of the Allegheny Mountai , to

. Cumberland , Md . , on the Potomac River . Hollida sbur a y g, seven and half miles south of Altoona was before the days of the railroad the western terminus of the canal through the

22 Juniata Valley and the eastern end of the old Portage line across the mountains . Thence , the canal boats , in sections , were lifted to the summit by inclined planes and lowered by another set of planes to the Conemaugh near Johnstown . or Bedf d, a noted health resort on account of its famed mineral springs , 1757 is historically important as the site of Fort Bedford , built in by the advanced forces of General Forbes in the campaign against the French and

Indians at Fort Duquesne . Cumberland Of , the southern terminus the Bedford Division , as Wills Creek was a noted stopping place for settlers advancing from the Virginias - T O of 23 846 . to the Far West . day it is an important city , people

Altoona to Pittsburgh the train leaves the western limits of Altoona it is manifest to the

passenger that, even with the additional locomotive attached , its increasm is afl ected by a heavy grade . The g elevation is clearly indicated by the depth of the valley on the left and the tops of large trees far below the roadbed . Further advance seems blocked by the a s the of mount in until the train rounds nose a projecting spur, and the i picturesque station of Kittanning Point comes into v ew . rse hoe urve be Ho S C . At this point the valley parallel to the road f o . comes a deep , wide gorge , the western side which rises to a great height

Further direct progress seems bluntly defied , but the engineers solved the problem by building a line around the head of the gorge and along the f side of the mountain in the general shape o a horse s hoe . Entering upon the curve the tracks ahead appear to be parallel with those carrying the train , but as the locomotive mounts the grade on the western side a glance backward discloses the remarkable resemblance to a giant horse shoe , - Vi and the wonderful setting in which it is placed . A far reaching ew to “ a W the e st, over the artificial lakes ithin the circumference of the shoe , S s z - preads out from the toe , and Widen into a hori on bound prospect of i mountain heights and deep valleys , as the Increasing elevation ra ses the train to a higher view point . When trains encircling the Horse Shoe Curve round the point of Alle ri us u g pp Knob , and t rn west , the bigness and wildness of the

' mountains loom up in stately majesty . The deep gorge , hundreds of vi feet below the level of the railroad , is undisturbed by any acti ty of man , save by the solitary road or trail that meanders along its bottom . On the ma all far side y be seen the Portage freight line, but else is loneliness f s . o upreme Just before the apex the Allegheny summit is reached , the scene changes and the flare and smoke of a battery of coke ovens heralds the subdued light and the rumble of Gallitzin Tunnel , which marks the passage of the train through the of summit of the mountains . The altitude the tracks at the highest point 150 in the tunnel is feet above sea level , and the mountain above is

. , feet higher _ There are three tunnels piercing the crest at this point ranging from feet to feet in length . The tunnel pierces the great divide between the Atlantic Slope and the Alle ri us great Mississippi Valley . Going west the little stream in g pp gorge empties into the Juniata and by devious ways makes its way to the North

Atlantic Ocean . The little brook that soon makes its appearance amongst the hills on the far side of the tunnel is one of the branches of the Cone maugh River, and its waters find a final outlet, through the Ohio and

Mississippi rivers , in the Gulf of Mexico . Gallitz in w , at the western mouth of the tunnel , is a to n principally

n b . i habited y coal miners and coke burners , whose wooden houses cover

23 the mountain side and the summit above the tunnel . It is named for z s Prince Gallit in , a Rus ian noble , who renounced his rank , entered 1789 the priesthood and settled on the mountain slope to the west in , - Of Of where to day stands the little town Loretto , marking the scene his labors . a z of of Leaving G llit in , the descent the western slope the mountains begins on a gradually lowering grade to the valley of the Conemaugh . Evidences of the industrial activity of this section multiply as the mine ’ s shaft , coke ovens and miners settlements indicate the sources of the raw materials that supply the energy to the mills and furnaces in the Pittsburgh

District . Cresson z , the first station west of Gallit in , is a prosperous town of about fifteen hundred people , and was for many years a noted summer ’ Old t on resort . The Cresson s Springs Ho el , still standing the mountain Of just west the station , was the summer home Of men and women promi nent in society and business , who came hither to drink the waters of

Cresson Springs and enjoy the wonderful mountain air .

As the junction point with the Cresson Division , running northward ' l of Clearfield into the soft coa fields Cambria , Indiana and counties , “ Cresson is an important station . Ebensbur of g, the county seat Cambria County, is a noted summer resort lying high on the west slope of the Alleghenies . Cherr Tree e ' y , on this division , som distance to the north , is noted as

Canoe Place , the highest point to which an Indian could paddle his on of canoe up the Susquehanna, and as e the eastern boundaries estab

lishe of 1768 . d by the Treaty Fort Stanwix , in a n of Beyond Cresson , the main line re ches almost at O ce the valley Cone e t maugh Cr ek, and follows it , hrough Lilly, Portage , Wilmore , Summerhill and Ehrenfeld , mining , to _ towns South or F k, marking the junction of Conemaugh Creek with the branch of South Fork the Conemaugh , up which extends the South Fork

o m . Branch int the ining district south It was down this shallow stream , on 31 1889 of almost a brook in aspect, that May , , the breaking the great dam two miles south sent a swirling , rushing volume of water that

Overwhelmed the entire . upper Conemaugh valley and the city of Johns town . ohnstown n of J , lyi g at the foot Laurel Hill , has had a most interesting

- Kitchen awlin history . Originally a Shawnee Indian village , known as p g, Yahns or z its first settler was Joseph Johns , a Swit er , who came hither in '

1791 and gave his name to the present city . few of of 1889 f r But evidences the great flood remain , o Johnstown has grown like the fabled Phoenix from the ashes and ruins and is to— day one

- r i of the most important comme cial points in Western Pennsylvan a . With of of one a population it is the home of the big steel companies , whose plant, extending for several miles along the river , gives employ

“ ment to over men . It also c ontains other iron and steel works , m works lanin tin plate ills , street car rail , p g mills , machine shops , pot _ i ter es . , wire , leather and wood works

West of Johnstown , the Conemaugh makes a sharp turn around the of base of Laurel Hill , skirting this mountain in the form an exaggerated m horse shoe curve . In these thirteen iles , known as S an Hollow of i g , the high hills on either side the river , heav ly timbered ’ to the water s edge , make a scene that is strikingly beautiful . There are of re of N ew extensive mines coal and bog iron o in this section . Just west

low . Florence Station , the grade freight line , running to Pittsburgh by wa y of the Conemaugh Division , crosses the river and parallels the main

line for about ten miles . Bolivar station marks the eastern end of the THE PACK S ADDLE

Pac S addle k , a deep gorge in the ridge that is very similar to Lewis ’ w I . n of low town and Jack s Narro s the depths this gorge , the grade the hi freight line clings closely to river bank, w le the main line gradually “ rises on the Opposite side of the enclosing hill to Bla rsville Inter ection i i s , whence the Conemaugh Div sion winds down i the h ll again to Blairsville , three miles to the north and thence along the k a to Conemaugh , Kis iminet s and Allegheny rivers Pittsburgh . This was

‘ the old route Of the canal boats that connected with the Portage railroad wn hnsto . at JO There is also a branch to Indiana . The main line continues down the westward side Of Chestnut R idge through the valley of the Loyalhanna to Lat robe , a busy coal center and industrial town . Ten miles to the Of southeast Ligonier perpetuates the name Fort Ligonier, established 1758 a here by Colonel Bouquet in , in his c mpaign against the French and w i of Indians , and , h ch served as a base supplies during the Braddock d campaign . To ay it has a population of Greensbur i of g, w th a population was early selected as the of county seat Westmoreland County , the center of a vast and rich bitu

- minous coal area . It received its name from Major General Nathaniel I . t _ o Greene , of Revolutionary fame c ntains many fine buildings and i residences and its inhabitants are largely engaged in manufactur ng . Just east of the station the tracks of the South- West Branch diverge from the main line and ex tend southward to the valley of the Youghiogheny i River and up into the coal hills beyond . On th s branch midway between Conne l sville of i l , with a population the metropol s of the coke a district, and producing annu lly nearly twenty millions tons of this product, n ’ and Redstone Ju ction, was located the historic Gist s Settlement, made

' 1 50 i by one Christopher Gist in 7 for the Oh o Company . Uniontown of , county seat of Fayette County, has a population Near

26 '

w the city . Homewood ; East Liberty, ith its beautiful surrounding grounds , marvels of landscape gardening and floral embellishment ; Roup and

Shadyside mark various sections . — Of v n It is a down hill journey to the great yards the Pennsyl a ia System, “ on the hill district , so called , of the city lying the left , with Grant

Boulevard skirting its outer edge , and the wonderful manufacturing se ction along the Allegheny beyond Liberty Street to the right . of on As the city Allegheny, the opposite side of the river and over the vi Of hills beyond, comes into ew, a multitude tracks , filled with trains t and engines , gives notice that Pennsylvania Station , Pi tsburgh, the western terminus of the Pennsylvania Railroad and the eastern terminus of ni of the Pennsylva a Lines West Pittsburgh , has been reached . Pittsbur h its nof the z g , with populatio is sixth city in si e in “ ”

. t the United States The Greater Pittsburgh distric , including the of city of Allegheny, which is embraced within the corporate limits Pitts ni burgh proper , and a number of separate commu ties surrounding the at city, lies the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers and d stretches for a istance northwestward along the Ohio River . As early as 1748 the site of the present city was a center of trading Operations between the Indians and pioneers of the Ohio Company from

ni and -of Virgi a the French from Canada . out D of 1753 Washington , sent by Governor inwiddie, Virginia , in ,

' the resent of noted the importance of g p location Pittsburgh as a point for military defenses , and the following year a party of Virginians jour driven w ne ed i . a y th ther to erect a fort But they were a y by the French , he . oi who built Fort Duquesne Four years later General Forbes , t u 1759 British Army, captured Fort D quesne, which he destroyed . In , n of i General Stanwix erected Fort Pitt, which was amed In honor W lliam of n of Pitt, the great Prime Minister E gland . The English occupation this fort was terminated by the success of the colonials in the Revolution .

a n of - The old Block House , still st ndi g at the junction the rivers , is the

PE N S S O P S UR N YLVANIA TATI N, ITT B GH 28 LO S E P S UR OLD B CK HOU , ITT B GH

sole remaining vestige of the British occupation of western Pennsylvania . The little town which had grown around Fort Pitt was incorporated as a 1794 1816 o borough in , and in reinc rporated as a city . ’ The completion of the Pennsylvania Railroad s through all - rail line between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh , and the running of the first through on 10 1852 cars between the cities , December , , marked the beginning of ’ Pittsburgh s real greatness . Located in the heart of the rich and vast Pennsylvania bituminous coal “ ” fields , the Iron City, it is claimed , has the largest per capita wealth z of any city of its si e in the world , due not only to its natural resources , w but to the number and value of its products . The District, hich covers ’ in a radius of approximately ten miles , occupies the front rank the world s of i production ron , steel , tin plate , steel cars , iron and steel pipe , air hi brakes , coal and coke , electrical mac nery , fire brick , glass , sheet steel , cork and white lead .

Within this area , according to figures compiled by the Department of 2 369 u Commerce and Labor, there are engaged , ind strial establishments , of 642 527 046 i 159 977 with a capital 3 , , , hav ng , employees , and distributing , in a 1 15 annually , s laries and wages , 3

Although its business section is confined to a somewhat limited area , ffi owing to the natural configuration of the land, its many business o ces and s its financial institutions are hou ed In fine buildings , and residential ‘ is section in the East End remarkably beautiful .

The Carnegie Technical Schools , and the Carnegie Institute, with its n music hall , art gallery with the third largest permanent collectio in the o — c untry, museum and great library the entire plant occupying a greater area than the Capitol at Washington— which cost over are located here . The Pennsylvania System stations in the central part of Pittsburgh v are Pennsylvania Station, Fourth A enue , and Federal Street, Allegheny . Pennsylvania Station directly divides the Pennsylvania Railroad and f the Pennsylvania Lines west of Pittsburgh . The large O fice build ing covering the front of the station houses the general offices of the of u lines west Pittsb rgh .

29 Philadelphia to W ashington

E T W E E N Philadelphia and Washington pa ssengers en route to

Baltimore , the National Capital , and points in the South reached v by through car ser ice from New York, traverse what for many a hi R a years was known as the Phil delp a, Wilmington Baltimore ilroad , fii s t O 1838 perated in . N As the only direct railroad between the orth and Washington , this section of the Pennsylvania System figured prominently as the principal ns highway for troops , supplies and munitio during the Civil War . It was over this line that President Lincoln made his haz ardous night journey for his first inauguration, when he was told that he would not pass through

Baltimore alive . Colonel Thos . A . Scott, of the Pennsylvania Railroad , cut all telegraph wires and changed the train to a night run , and the

I n . incoming President was carried through safety It was on this road , too , u that the first sleeping cars , crude affairs , constr cted of ordinary coaches with rough bunks In tiers , were run . S Leaving Broad treet Station, Philadelphia , Washington trains cross the Schuylkill River and pass down an incline to a lower level at Wes t Philadelphia Station Through trains from New York for the South vi run a this lower level . From West Philadelphia the railroad cuts under a short block in West of of Philadelphia , and past the big athletic stadium the University Penn of h sylvania , the Commercial Museum Philadelp ia and Woodlands Ceme ter Sir m y, occupying the ground that was once the home of William Ha il o ton in Rev lutionary days . s ub- hi Just beyond, the Media Branch, a division of t s line , winds away s to the southwest through a charming suburban section to Media, We t of on Chester and the lower part Lancaster County , ending at Octoraro, of the n s the Susquehanna , once the site of a stockaded town , I dian men

tioned h s n . in i diary by Captain John Smith, of Pocaho tas fame It was h hi In near t is line , at Chadds Ford, that Was ngton met General Howe the f w Battle o the Brandy ine . From the old town of Darby the Washington line passes through the olcroft suburban stations of Sharon Hill , F Glenolden , Norwood Moore C- and Ridley Park . Near rum Lynne , it is claimed, the first railroad in the 180 United States was Operated in 7 . It was built and Operated by Colonel Leiper for the purpose of trans porting stone from his quarries to deep water . Chester 1 643 n in was settled in by Swedes , and is the oldest tow the 1675 U an State . The Friends came in and the name was changed from pl d 1 682 to Chester in . William Penn started his surveyors from Chester to “ ” locate the great town , which subsequently became Philadelphia . ‘ Chester, with inhabitants , is an important manufacturing center . c i Its fa tories turn out boilers , machinery, ships , steel cast ngs , cotton , IS z S i woolen and worsted goods . It the site of the Cro er Theological em

M a . nary, and the Pennsylvania ilit ry Institute w 1 653 not Marcus Hook was settled by S edes In . It did expand very a one much , but it is now a se board terminal of of the big oil pipe lines , and millions of gallons of oil are transferred from the tanks , which are

i n for a . Vis ble on the left, to ta k steamers shipment broad The Delaware

River comes in View on the left , and the road lies between it and a pic T e b e tures que ridge topped with homes on the right . h boundary line etwe n Pennsylvania and Delaware 18 crossed between Marcus Hook and Clay mont . “ the 1638 W ilmin on . gt was originally settled by Swedes in , and the

r a st , Old Swedish Chu ch , seen on the right just before re ching the ation 30 is said to be the oldest building in the United States in continuous use

1 698 . as a place of worship . It was built in After the Swedes came the of 1 682 Dutch , and upon the arrival William Penn , in , he took under his of protecting wing the Dutch settlement . In the war the Revolution

Wilmington had opportunity of seeing the British troops . After the battle of Brandywine the town was occupied by the victorious army , the governor ro of Delaware was made a prisoner , and a large amount of stores and p v isions was confiscated ,

— Wilmington to day has people busily engaged in building ships ,

‘ cars , making leather , morocco , and paper , and fashioning, the products

f . to o machine shops and foundries The valley of the Brandywine Creek , not attrac the north of the city , is only of historic interest , but abounds in I ts - h n tive scenery . double distilled alco olic name is said to have grow out Of a Wi eck of a Dutch liquor ship in its waters .

The Delaware Division connecting with the New York , Philadelphia of n Norfolk Railroad , servin2g3 the eastern shore Maryland and bisecti g i the Delaware , Maryland and Virginia peninsula , leaves the ma n line here and proceeds southward through the great peach and vegetable

of. Nor country to the tip the peninsula at Cape Charles , and thence to folk, Va . N ewCa tle he of s , a little over six miles south of Wilmington, was t site

Casimer 1 655 . Fort , built by the Dutch in Lewe of e S s , on this line , at the mouth the Delawar River , marks the ite n old t n , Zwaene dael, of _ the Dutch se tleme t where Captain Peter Heyes 8 located in 1 63 .

' Old Point C om fort and N orfol bring back to memory the early k , English attempts to coloniz e Virginia in the ill fated Jamestown settle l ment , and the bitter strugg e between the Merrimac and the Monitor , in

Hampton Roads , during the war between the States . w r the Continuing on to ard Baltimo e from Wilmington , southbound the com passenger traverses an attractive farming country, surrounding

munities of . Newport, Stanton and Newark Near Stanton Washington of th e waited for Howe , just before the Battle Brandywine , and

’ OL D S wE D E s R G CHU CH , WILMIN TON 31 Newark was once known as the Athens of Delaware on account of

Delaware College and other educational institutions . Between Newark and Iron Hill the boundary line between Delaware and Maryland is crossed . El ton k , at the head of the Elk River , which empties into the head oi was 1 69 waters Chesapeake Bay, settled by Swedish fishermen in 4 . the of - It is located in midst a fertile and fruit producing section , and has - fiv twenty e hundred inhabitants . By reason of its proximity to the head on of navigation Chesapeake Bay , its Revolutionary history is interest ’

. 1 777 z ing General Howe s army landed at Elk Head in , and sei ed ’ the government s tores . General Washington s army embarked and disembarked there on his march to and countermarch from Yorktown of' 1812 in 1781 . Even as late as the War the British fleet appeared before Elkton . w Beyond are North East, on North East River ; Charlesto n , a very n 1813 Old settlement , that was bur ed by the British in ; Principio and Perr vill e o t of y , n he north bank the Susquehanna River , a short dis tance above its entrance into Chesapeake Bay . This river was the trunk of e line the Indians in th ir migrations from the North to the South . It

.was discovered by Captain John Smith , who called it Smith River , but the Susquehannock Indians subsequently gave their name to it . r Perryville is the southern terminus of the Columbia Port Deposit -fiv . e Branch , extending along the Susquehanna to Columbia Twenty miles north of Perryville on this branch is the big ’ M cca l s err D am l F y , where the Susquehanna is harnessed and the power of the river turned into electricity, which is furnished Baltimore ,

York and other cities . The railroad crosses the Susquehanna en route to Washington on a$

fine bridge of steel nearly a mile long . In early days trains were ferried 1852 over and in the winter of tracks were laid across the river on ice . Havre de Grace on of tow , the south bank the river, is a thriving engaged in light manufacturing , vegetable canning and fish packing . The shad and herring fisheries are quite extensive . The Susquehanna shad are highly esteemed for their delicious flavor . The national . government ’ ’

s on . maintain a fish hatchery Watson s Island , just below the town A 1 670 was settlement was made here as early as , but the present town site 6 laid out in 177 . South of Havre de Grace the line traverses a section noted for its fertility and productiveness . All the staple crops Of the latitude grow in profusion , and much of the corn and vegetables are canned for shipment in the of th e canneries vicinity .

- of Within a distance twenty miles four rivers are crossed , named , in of lVIiddle order sequence , Bush, Gunpowder, and Back rivers , by double f track Viaducts O reinforced concrete . These rivers and the bay adjacent are the celebrated ducking grounds

- of Maryland , the habitat of the famous canvas back , the breast of which is considered the most toothsome morsel the palate can crave . During i the duck ng season this section is literally alive with sportsmen , who find l lodging and supplies at the club houses near Chase , Bengies , Midd e

River and Stemmers Run . Balt m ore i , on the Patapsco River (an arm of Chesapeake Bay), has a

of 558 485 i . population , , wh ch makes it the seventh city of the Union With of a widely distributed trade , particularly through the South , and one the it of finest harbors on the Atlantic coast , is one the leading commercial cities Of the country . efl orts While Maryland was settled through the of George Calvert, e 1 634 Lord Baltimore , and his son , L onard Calvert, about , it was not

32 E P . E E MT V RNON LAC , BALTIMOR until 1662 that the fourth Lord Baltimore made settlement on the f present site o the city which bears the family name . 1729 The city was laid in , and religious and political refugees from n to abroad thronged to it as the years went o . Owing its geographical i location it escaped much of the rigor of the Revolut on , although Con f gress sat there during a part o 1777 . of 1812 on McHenr on During the War the British attack Fort y, _ the 1 1 1814 of night of September , , was the motive and inspiration the coun ’ “ ” try s national anthem , The Star Spangled Banner . Francis Scott Key, who had been taken on board a British ship to treat for the exchange of some prisoners , was himself kept a temporary prisoner through the night bombardment , and it was his exultation that the stars and stripes of his country still floated in the early morning hours that gave birth to the immortal hymn . The first blood of the Civil War was shed on the streets of Baltimore on on 19 when Union troops were fired in passing through the city April , law 1861 . The city was under martial during the whole war .

Since the war, Baltimore has expanded and , despite the terrible fire Of 7 8 1904 out February and , , which wiped the greater part of the 125 business section , destroyed buildings and caused a loss of 3 , it has grown into one of the most progressive cities in the

Union . Its chief products are clothing , tobacco , lumber , the canning of fruit , vegetables , and oysters and the packing of meat . One of the ’ great steel plants of the country is located at Sparrows Point, a suburb of the city . The Eastern Shore , famous for its fruits , Vegetables , melons , and sea food , is in close touch with the city by a multitude of big and little boats . U of The nion Station the Pennsylvania System , a handsome structure of on built granite and reinforced concrete , is located North Charles

Street near Mount Royal Avenue , and is easily accessible to all parts of the city by street car lines passing the front entrance . Its broadside faces 2 41 k . 76 1 83 . the trac s The building is feet long , feet high , and feet wide

33 e It has two lev ls . The lower is the track level , from which easy stairways lead to the street level . Passing out of Baltimore the line continues -to Washington through a n u of flat section fi ely watered by many streams , and quite prod ctive vegetables and truck . A short distance from the city limits the road w ’ f crosses the gorge of G ynn s Falls on a high bridge, a fording fine scenic

Vistas of the valley and surrounding ridges . O en on d t is the first station of note . It is the junction point for Anna olis An p , the historic capital Of Maryland , fourteen miles away . Of napolis is closely connected with the history , the country , as the first 1786 Federal Constitutional Convention was held there in , and Gen eral Washington surrendered his commission and delivered his famous farewell address in the capitol building . It is principally notable now as the location of the United States Naval Academy . Bow e of i is the junction a branch line that serves Southern Maryland . ’ It runs to the Potomac River at Pope s Creek and passes through a pro ductive section devoted principally to the raising of tobacco, corn, wheat “ r and fruits . a Appro ching Washington , it will be observed that a suburban territory In the a is being built up by those who find employment capit l city . ' of Just beyond Tuxedo Station , the original line the Philadelphia , t e Baltimore Washington Railroad , which used to curve around h city and into the historic Baltimore Potomac Station , at Sixth and B streets , is left and the new line into Union Station curves to the southwest into the District of Columbia , crossing an arm of the Anacostia River just after passing the border line . W ashin ton n g , the National Capital , has a permanent populatio of 353 378 , , of which a large percentage is connected with or dependent on f the different departments O the Government . There are no industries of any moment, and the business interests are confined to the class of trade from which a big city draws its supplies . One of the first questions taken up by the Federal Congress at the close of the Revolution was the selection of a permanent site for the National of Capital . During the war the seat government had been shifted about

between Philadelphia , Baltimore , Princeton, Annapolis , Trenton , York and w of Ne York . Each these places was anxious to become the future home f o the nation .

L E POL S NAVA ACAD MY, ANNA I 34

M cDowell 10 1 1 1864 was defeated by . On July and , , Jubal A . Early was but a few miles from the Capital and only the timely arrival of a force sent by Grant turned Early back to the Cumberland Valley . - t To day, the ci y proper covers an area of about fourteen miles in cir f r 25 cum e ence . 0 There are about miles of paved streets , ranging from 120 —five n n eighty to feet in width , and sixty miles of ave ues , ra ging in 120 1 60 width from to feet . f Aside from the Capitol , surmounting Capitol Hill in the center o — a 751 350 the city noble structure feet long and feet wide , with its great dome , and containing the Senate Chamber , chamber of the House of

Representatives and the Supreme Court, as well as National Statuary Hall — the White House and the wonderfully beautiful Congressional

Library , visitors are always interested in the classically ornate build f ings of the Treasury , State , War , and Navy Departments , Patent O fice , of Bureau Engraving and Printing , National Museum and Smith sonian Of Institution , the Corcoran Art Gallery and Bureau American Republics ; f of The White House , the o ficial residence the President , was the first public building erected in Washington , and occupied as a residence by 1880 President Adams in . t of 555 The Washington Monument , grea est all memorial shafts , feet now u high , and the beautiful Lincoln Memorial , under constr ction , are to noted points of attraction to the visitor Washington . The beautiful residence section in the northwest and the fine parks and squares scattered all over the city are a delight the year around . e The Union Station , used by the Pennsylvania Syst m and all other e roads entering Washington , occupi s a large plot at the intersection of

Delaware and Massachusetts avenues , in close proximity to the Capitol . Constructed entirely of white granite the station proper is 620 feet long and from 65 to 1 20 feet in height . The general waiting room is modeled t of e af er the Baths Diocletian in Rome , and the concourse , with gat s to

— t . thirty three tracks , is the larges in the country In addition to the usual for n accommodations the public , there is a special entra ce and waiting rooms for the Presiden t and special guests of the Nation . The ten - acre park in front of the station is adorned with a fine memorial of Columbus , and will be further enriched with fountains and statuary .

N S S O U ION TATION, WA HINGT N W ashington to Harrisburg

n ington and Baltimore as described o previous pages .

Leaving Union Station , Baltimore , the Baltimore Division of the Penn sylvania extends northward through Maryland ’ s hills and by the foothills c n of the Blue Ridge to the Susquehanna . This line was a bone of o ten z t tion during the Civil War . Baltimore Confederate sympathi ers ore up the southern end of it to prevent the movement of Northern tr0 0 ps as 1861 1863 con early as , and in , the invaders under Lee , destroyed a siderable portion of the northern end of it . The first part of the journey is through the winding valley of Jones ’ ’

B . Falls , with altimore s beautiful park , Druid Hill , on the left Outside of of the limits the city are a number charming suburban towns , the homes of men and women whose business interests are in the larger city . Hollins , a little over seven miles from Baltimore , where the line skirts the shores of Lake Roland , a picturesque inland lake , formed by the ’ of r waters Jones Falls and othe small streams , is the junction point with the branch line extending to the west through the Green Spring t Valley to famous old Chattolanee wi h its mineral springs . low Beyond are the hills of Maryland , intersected by valleys through fl f which ow the little streams feeding the upper end o Chesapeake Bay . The railroad follows one of these little water courses almost to its source f z near the flourishing town o Cockeysville with its fifteen hundred citi ens . few of ictur A miles beyond , shortly after passing the town Ashland , the p esque valley of the Little Gunpowder River or Falls , as it is called , pro

— of vides a course through the hills to the border line Pennsylvania . New It is a steady upgrade , the elevation at Freedom Station being over eight hundred feet above sea level . The State line is crossed about mid w ay between Freeland and New Freedom stations . For a few miles the an of tracks lie amongst the hill tops , d then descend into the course

Codorus Creek , which flows northward from near the border line through the city of York and empties into the Susquehanna River north of Wrights ville . This is a beautiful farm country, which has been largely populated Dun by Germans , and particularly by the German Baptist Brethren or rd ka s s . , as they are ometimes called

VALLE Y OF CODOR US CR E E K 37 E E E E S NATIONAL C M T RY , G TTY BURG

Yor of one k, the leading city this section , and of the most important one of manufacturing centers in Pennsylvania , is the Older settlements in of Pennsylvania, a number German families having immigrated hither 4 1735 . out 17 1 in The town was laid in by Thomas , John and Richard of Penn , the former a son and the latter bgrandsons the great English F i . or C a tal of Quaker nearly a year it was the p the United States . .

Congress , fearing capture by the English army , left Philadelphia in the early summer of 1777 On the thirtieth of September of this

' and continued year , they convened in York , to hold sessions there until 2 7 1778 . June ,

— To day the city is almost at the mark in population . Its indus of of z tries are varied in character , many the plants being large si e , and it is the trade center for this section and also for the Columbia and i n Frederick Branch , which passes through the c ty , extendi g from W ri ht vil e 0 11 g s l , opposite Columbia the Susquehanna , the farthest of 1863 northern point reached by the Armies the Confederacy In , to reder c 10 F i k, with a population Of at the foot of the Catoctin n of o Mou tains Maryland , and best known from its ass ciation with Whit ’ F ie i r tch e r . c o . . f tier s poem , Barbara Admi al W S S hley, Santiago fame , was born near Frederick . Gett bur Battlefield a ys g , lying sixteen and a h lf miles northwest of on l e he Hanover, this line , will forever iv in memory as t point where Lee of on 1 2 3 1863 W . met his aterloo at the hands Meade July , and , Hanover was also the site of the cavalry fight between Jeb Stuart and ’ Kilpatrick a few days before Gettysburg s conflict .

' r the n Northward from Yo k , tracks turn toward the Susquehanna , comi g Out on of the west bank the river just where the biog dam of the York Haven Power Company ’ s plant stems the current of the stream and its m f busy turbines create a ighty force that turns thousands o wheels . The sixteen miles from this point to Harrisburg cover a most picturesque

. d o section The great river is dotted with wooded islan s , and its shall w waters riflied by obstructing rocks ; across the river lie the farmlands of u n to Da phin County , backed by the rolling slopes of the Blue Mountai ; of the west are the Conewago Hills , and the steep ascent Blue Mountain , of around whose base the track follows the edge the river, and ahead f the great Gaps o the Susquehanna beyond Harrisburg . N ew l n e Near Cumber a d Station , a bridge carri s the railroad over B the s a Yellow reeches Creek . At East Lemoyne line turn cross the

Susquehanna to Harrisburg .

38 Harrisburg to W illiam sport

vi Blue Mountain Gap , just beyond Rock lle ; the Gap in Second Moun W tain , a mile or so beyond , in the midst of hich is the little town of Dau phin ; the Gap in Third Mountain , where the river forms what is , locally , “ ” known as The Cove , and the precipitous gorge formed by Peters Moun

tain , the last of the gaps , are delights to the eye . ’ ’ ’ Clar s err k F y, with Duncan s and Haldeman s Islands in the river

(the former once the capital of the Indians of the Susquehanna), is the of center of a summer colony fishermen , occupying the many cottages and bungalows along the shore . Halifax , at the mouth of Armstrong Creek , marks the location of a 1 755 Colonial fortification , known as Fort Halifax , built in , from which r ’ . t r M the town takes its name To the nor h of Halifax , Be y s ountain shuts out the View to the northeast . On the west bank of the river the i wide spreading valley of the Juniata extends to where the green ridge of off V the Tuscarora Mountain shuts the iew to the west . ’ Millersbur in g, a deep valley between Berry s Mountain and Ma hanton o IVI ountain W g , at the mouth of iconisco Creek , is the junction 1834 point with the Lykens Valley Railroad , built away back in to bring the coal of the rich mineral mountains at the headwaters of the creek to IVIillersbur the canal at g. Liver ool p , the station being on the east bank of the river and the of of — town on the west bank, is also one the Old towns mid Pennsylvania , 1 06 having been laid out in 8 . Three miles north of Liverpool the railroad M ahanton o hi ountain of curves around the foot of g , one of the ridges the ’ M ahanton o Broad Mountain section . The river between g and Berry s of mountains is over a mile broad , having the appearance a vast inland lake .

S US QUE HANN A R IVE R ABOVE HARR IS BUR G 89 Herndon is a town which has grown up through the development of 1850 the coal industry . Laid out in , and named in honor Of Lieutenant

Herndon, of the United States Navy , who lost his life with his ship in the - one of Gulf of Mexico , it is to day the most prosperous of the smaller

towns in the Susquehanna Valley . S elinsgrove Junction Is the junction with the branch extending through e unIata a broad vall y from the Susquehanna to the J at Lewistown . The town Of Selinsgrove has always been an important trading center for the n . 15 a region round about Here located Susqueha n University . Sunbur of y, at the junction the north and west branches of the Sus uehanna n i q , first, as the India v llage of Shamokin , then as Fort Augusta, one of the most important posts of defense in the Susquehanna valley , is i a most interesting c ty historically . of old Shikellim In the days y, the Cayuga Chieftain , famed as the father of M n o the uniata a i g or Logan , great J chieftain , Sh mok n became an t of s i i Objec interest to the Moravian mi s onar es , who frequently visited

' - . a e the of 1755, of it _ But ft r defeat Braddock in the raids the ravaging Indians became so fierce that the mission was broken up and the Di ora

Vians went back to Bethlehem . As a protection against the French and 1755 Indians , the Provincial Government erected Fort Augusta here In , and many important conferences between the whites and the red men 1772 - were held in the town . It was renamed Sunbury in , and to day has

' a population of with an extensive trade in coal and manufactured

products . Large railroad repair shops are located here , as well as silk

- and other mills , and dye works and wood working factories . Sunbury is the junction point with the Sunbury Division running along the North Branch of the Susquehanna through East Bloomsburg (one of r the State Normal Schools is located at Bloomsburg, across the rive ), South Danville and Nanticoke to W il e -Barre of m anufactur k s , a busy coal city with large f w ing interests . Five miles north o it as fought the Battle of Forty “ ” on 3 1778 Fort, better known as the Wyoming Massacre , July , , when 300 colonials were practically annihilated by a force of British

and Indians . k i Sunbury is also the junction with the Shamo in Division, extend ng to hi thr t . Carmel ough Shamokin and the coal regions . Leaving Sunbury the main line crosses the North Branch of the Susque of hanna by a long bridge , spanning the two parts the river and the large vi old island di ding it, and enters the city of N orthumber and for . l , renowned as the residence many years of Dr r t of Joseph P ies ley, conceded to be the discoverer oxygen gas , and one of e of 17 5 the founders of th modern school chemistry . Laid out in 7 by - Reuben Haines , a Philadelphia brewer , Northumberland is to day a

thriving city of inhabitants . of hi ountain Skirting the base Montour , the route lies through Montan on d , junction point with the branch line leading through the

ff . Bu alo Valley to Bellefonte Lewisburg , directly opposite Montandon,

is the seat of Bucknell University , and near Lemont is Pennsylvania State

olle e . g , a noted agricultural and live stock experiment station Milton of 1768 , a busy town population , settled in , and ’ W atsontown , the nearest point to the site of Freeland s Fort, whence 1 778 all the male defenders were carried by British and Indians , in , to

Canada , western terminus of the Susquehanna , Bloomsburg Berwick

Railroad , a Pennsylvania subsidiary , mark the way to the point where the railroad crosses the Susquehanna at

M ont om er i . g y, ly ng at the foot of big Bald Eagle Mountain This was of mountain named not for the bird prey , but for a noted Indian who R IVE R AND CANAL AT MONTGOME RY b had a Wigwam at the foot of this long ridge , near where Miles urg , Pa .

now . is situated Beyond Mont mery, the railroad sweeps , with the river , around Bald Eagle ’ s rounded side to M unc of n one y, a busy manufacturing city, and the site Fort Mu cy, of f the early defenses against the Indians , rom which the town , originally Pennsborou h 1 826 settled by English Quakers as g , was renamed in .

Again turning west around Bald Eagle Mountain , the route leads to W illiam s ort p , county seat of Lycoming County, and the leading city

of o . of this section Pennsylvania , surrounded as it is by a great wealth f natural resources which have been developed by the thrift and industry W illiam s ort South eW of the people occupying p , Williamsport and N f f r o o e . berry , stretching along both banks the river a considerable distanc of of - The original settlement this city was made by a band Scotch Irish , who came thither after the ceding of this section to the Whites by the Treaty of Fort Stanwix In 1768 and established a government independent u of of the Colonial government , headed by the trib nal three men, whom “ ’ they styled fair play men.

.While for many years the principal business of Williamsport was lum to- n on bering , there are day ma y varied industries carried , including steel mills , furniture factories and other large plants .

' W illiamsport to Canandaigua i From Williamsport , the Elmira Div sion surmounts the divide between t e h Susquehanna Valley and the lake country of New York State , passing through Elm ira , an enterprising city of over inhabitants , and an important

of . railroad junction point , the site a big battle between the British and 1779 Continentals at Fort Newton , in ; W at ins Glen for k , long noted as a health resort and its picturesque $ — pre glacial age gorge , and Penn Yan one of i , at the northern end of Lake Keuka, the F nger ” Lakes , to Canandai ua i t 7 515 o u g , a pretty city, near Cananda gua Lake ; wi h , p p -thirst to lation , once the council place of the blood y Seneca Indians , and Sodus Ba — y, on an arm of Lake Ontario , and a well known summer resort .

41 W illiam sport to Emporium Junction ff from Williamsport, passengers to Bu alo or Erie the wildest and most pic turesque sections of Penn r over 104 miles the railroad clings closely to the —fiv West Branch of the Susquehanna , for the first twenty e miles under f l\I n the shadow o Bald Eagle ou tain . This was the section of the river of of that a quarter a century ago was a center the logging industry. — m ass . To day, denuded hill slopes tell of its p g erse Shore - J y , noted a half century ago for the pre historic fortification that stood in the vicinity, received its odd name from the fact that two

Jerseym en first settled it in 1800 . It is a prosperous center for the rural section around it, with a population of

Loc Haven cit aof of k , a y at the confluence Bald Eagle Creek of and the Susquehanna , was settled at the time the Fort Stanwix Treaty , and receives its name from the locks that once existed here on the old f the State . O ne o . canal M Normal Schools is located here It is the junction ra on point with the b nch line leading to Tyrone , the main line to Pitts u b rgh . n t Turning slightly or hward from Lock Haven , the railroad continues ou , through Farrandsville , a fire brick ,town ; North Bend , earliest known ’ VVoman s as Young Town, from an Indian legend , and later as North

Point , to “ R enovo , which owes its growth to the railroad shops placed here by the old Philadelphia Erie Railroad , many years ago . It lies in a beautiful - P k semi circular valley , watered by addy Run and Drury Run and flan ed

— — by one thousand foot high mountains . W est ort of p , a little town at the mouth Kettle Creek , is the nearest old of - ' point to the castle home Ole Bull , world famous as a violinist a generation ago . Keat ing marks the junction of Sinnemahoning Creek with the west

of . branch the Susquehanna From thence , the railroad turns northwest u n ward p the narrow valley of the Sinnemahoni g , rapidly ascending the on slope of the watershed . One will notice a high rock overhanging the of Susquehanna , near the confluence the two streams , a perfect cross carved deep into the strata . It is said to have been the work of a French

THE S US QUE HANNA NE AR KE ATING

C orr y, the junction point of the Central and Northern Grand Divisions, ’ ’ oil of 6OS which owes its origin to the boom the early . Unbroken wilder in 1861 ness , the construction of the railroad to Erie and the Oil Creek of Railroad from Oil City, and the wonderful production petroleum in the Oil Creek Valley , made Corry one of the best known towns in the

State . It has people . Shortly after leaving Corry the railroad strikes the valley of French

Creek , known years before the country became settled , by the early

French adventurers who , with Indian companions , penetrated the Wilder

n on . ness borderi g the St . Lawrence River and the Great Lakes W aterford one— o , is noted as the time location of Fort Le B euf, one of the chain of fortifications erected by the early French settlers along the western border of the State to protect them from the marauding Indians . old was 1750 1753 The fort built in , Washington visited it in , and it was 60 17 . captured by the English in Three years later the Indians , under the hostile Pontiac , reduced it to ashes and massacred all the inhabitants . v At Jackson Station, twelve miles from Erie , the di ide between the valleys of the Great Lakes and the Mississippi is crossed and a rapid to of descent made the level Lake Erie . E rie on f of , built the high blu f fronting Lake Erie , a city is one of for n the chief ports the trade o the Great Lakes . i z the t . H storically, Erie holds a prominen place Early recogni ed by 1753 French explorers as an important strategic point, they built in Fort

Presque Isle at the eastern end of the beautiful bay which fronts the city . one of During the French and Indian War, it was . of the chain forts to of N protect French territory . But the fall Fort Duquesne and Fort iagara 1759 in , caused the French to abandon it . It was then garrisoned by the British but fell before the onslaught of ’ on 25 1763 1795 Pontiac s men June , . During the Indian War in , the

' S now government erected another fort, on the ite occupied by the Penn ’ ’ sylvania Soldiers and Sailors Home . Here Mad Anthony Wayne died hi 1809 1796 s . in , and remains were buried under the blockhouse In , ’

. a . they were removed to St David s Churchyard , near R dnor

It was at Erie that Commodore Perry built , equipped and manned the of 1812 fleet that, during the War , met and defeated the British at Put

E LO K OUSE E R E WAYN B C H , I - 1813 in . Bay in September, , and it was to Erie that Perry returned His of flagship , the Niagara , lay in the harbor beneath the waters Misery Bay , 19 13 close to the Life Saving Station , until , when it was raised to partici pate in the Perry Centennial celebration . Through the port ofErie there is an average annual tonnage of including coal , iron and copper ore , flour , lumber and general merchan of 170 com dise . There are upwards manufacturing plants in the city , prising a wide variety of goods . Finely equipped business establishments , comfortable residences , good hotels and an elaborate park system make

Erie an interesting city to visit .

Em porium Junction to Buffalo

UF F AL O passengers turn northwestward from Emporium Junc

tion , surmount the watershed between the Susquehanna and Allegheny rivers by one of the steepest grades on the Pennsyl 1 00 . vania System , an average of about feet to the mile Keating Sum mit station marks the divide , and the railroad descends to the level of N ew of plateau western York through the valley Portage Creek , which it enters near Port Alle an vi of g y, a thri ng town about from which the many communities on the upper waters of Sinnemahoning Creek and the Alle h n g e y River are reached by a connecting railroad . Larabee is the junction point with the branch extending to Smethport,

Clermont and Johnsonburg .

’ lean of the O , lying at the junction Olean Creek and Allegheny River , was selected many years ago by the great oil producing interest s as the o distributing center for the Pennsylvania oil fields , and it is t day one of the largest petroleum centers in the world . Original settlement was 1804 its made here in , and its growth has been steady, population being

A branch line extends from Olean to Bradford of , a city population , and the commercial center of McKean of County , Pa . As the western outpost the Connecticut who Claims in Pennsylvania , it received its name from William Bradford , 1804 helped to sever Pennsylvania from Connecticut in . of The Salamanca branch extends to Warren , through the valley the Allegheny , and traversing between Vandalia and the New York one of Pennsylvania State line , the Allegheny Indian reservation , the largest in the East . Salamanca , with population, is the largest town passed en route . Hinsdale is the junction with the Rochester Branch running through n the beautiful Genesee River Valley , past the Oil Spring India reservation , S near Cuba ; Portage Falls and Letchworth Park, ite of the last Council

House of the Iroquois , to Rochester of of , the home the film camera, a busy city

’ eo le and one p p , noted among other things for having been the time home of Frederick Douglass and the starting place for the cult of

Spiritualism . Leaving Hinsdale the Buffalo Division continues alongside of Ischua i hI achias Creek , through Franklinville and up the div de to , Delevan and d of Arca e ; passing Cattaraugus Creek , reminiscent the Indians , and of z into the valley Ca enovia Creek , which it follows to E as t Auro ra , a pretty country town , is noted the world over as the of R o crofters home the y , whose unique establishment is annually visited f few by thousands o persons . A miles beyond East Aurora the railroad curves to the westward and enters E E MCKINL Y MONUM NT, BUFFALO

Buffal o of of , with a population the eighth city the Union , of L akes ' is one of and as the easternmost port the Great , the greatest exportingand importing centers in the world . of Ka uah Once the home the peaceful q Indians , who some time after 1620 ff of were absorbed by the warlike Eries , Bu alo came into notice the 1 679 white race , when , in , Robert, Cavalier de la Salle , came to the banks on of the Niagara with a force from French Canada , and the site of the future city built him a ship , in which he sailed over the lakes as far west as Lake Superior .

Cornelius Winne , a Hollander from the Hudson , located a trading 1789 of station here about the year , after the Treaty Fort Stanwix ,

. oflicers and from this beginning , sprung Buffalo Two British , Colonel had Powell and Captain Johnson , the latter with an Indian wife , already settled here in 1780 . In 1799 the first organized settlement was made by the Holland Land w ” Ne . Company , under the name Amsterdam But this name did not ‘ continue for 1801 t su of long f in , the li tle town was named Buffalo ( pp sedl f y from Bu falo Creek), this latter being the English translation of the Indian name for the little stream that poured its waters into the Niagara nearby . The selection of Buffalo as the county seat in 1808 stimulated its growth and by the time war was declared in 1812 it had grown to a village of over one hundred houses . 2 Buffalo suffered terribly during the War of 181 . Many engagements 30 were fought in the town and around it, and on December , and 1 1814 e January , , both it and the neighboring village of Black R ck were

' totally destroyed and burned to ashes . f 18 4 new u inau u During the spring o 1 a lease of life for B ffalo was g f 6 ; new h , 181 s rated ouses and bu-siness places were built and in teps ’ were taken to improve the harbor— for already B ufl alo s importance as the Eastern Great Lake terminus had been foreseen . ‘ 66 l . 18 A number of national events have taken place in Buffa o In , occurred the Fenian insurrection , in which many lives were lost and 1901 - much property destroyed . In , the Pan American Exposition , cele n of R was brati g the trade union all the American epublics , held in Dela ware Park . It was in the Exposition Grounds here that , on September 6th M cKinle Cz olo , President y was shot and mortally wounded by Leon scz — g , and Vice President Roosevelt was inaugurated President in the home of one of its citizens a few days later . of In addition to its importance as a lake port, nearly all the trade of the Great Lakes destined to Eastern seaports and from the East to the Great Lakes being handled on the vessels arriving and departing from

f e . its docks every year , Bu falo is pre minent as a manufacturing city In its various plants and S hops are manufactured every year products

$ averaging nearly in value . Deriving a great part of its power

' at - where the from the wonderful power plants Niagara Falls , water of the Niagara River is utilized to generate electricity of high power and in a tremendous quantity, Buffalo manufacturers have an unusual dvantage f and opportunity for enlarging the scope o their plants . of rettiest cities t It is one the p _ in the coun ry many of its streets being

- bordered with heavy shade trees . Three hundred and thirty five miles of 00 m of its 7 iles streets and avenues are asphalted , and the finest residence streets , Delaware Avenue and North Street , are lined with magnificent homes surrounded with superb gardens . Its park system includes six large public parks with a total area of acres , connected by a system S w of wide boulevards , parkways and peed ays . N ia ara alls g F , although not on the lines of the Pennsylvania System ,

so . f is closely associated with the city of Bu falo, and so important a tourist R point, that it is interesting to Pennsylvania ailroad patrons . of A description Niagara Falls is unnecessary, but it is interesting to “ ” of note that the Thunder Waters , as they were known to the Indians ,

' first B allian were visited by Joseph de la Roche , a Franciscan missionary , 2 1 6 8 1 6 6 . 7 in October, In December, , La Salle , the noted explorer, “ f ” encamped just above the Falls , built the Gri fon, the first craft larger to 1 679 than a canoe traverse the Great Lakes , and, in , La Salle and

- Father Hennepin sailed into the far west from La Salle , a little town between Niagara Falls and Buffalo . of The French built a number small stockades near the Falls , but the most important historical events connected with this region were the 14 1763 ’ Indian massacre on September , , at Devil s Hole ; the battle of on 12 1812 of 1813 Queenstown , October , ; the battle Chippewa in , and 25 h f f ’ t o o . on July , the same year, the battle Lundy s Lane

NIAGAR A FALLS 47 Pittsburgh to Buffalo its line between from the Great me the highway for the early French settlers and soldiers who caused Governor Din widdie so much trouble and against whom Braddock and Washington battled near the present city of Pittsburgh . e Th n , about a hundred years later , it became the avenue of travel over which flowed millions of barrels of oil pumped from the thousands of l wel s in the Oil Creek and western Pennsylvania fields , when millionaires were made over night . a of n u Traversing the m in line the Pe nsylvania Railroad , thro gh East

Liberty, the Buffalo line branches from the main line over the Brilliant - Off Cut , just east of East Liberty, and , passing through the hills that

' surround Pittsburgh, runs into the valley of the Allegheny, the left bank of 132 which it follows for about miles . On the right bank of the river, for a of tWen rl ei ht a distance fi g miles , the Conemaugh Division p rallels the

Buffalo route .

For this distance both banks of the river are lined with thrifty towns , largely the home S ites of men and women engaged in the busy world of ’ S the Pittsburgh District . Verona , Oakmont, Hulton , Logan Ferry ,

Parnassus , New Kensington, Arnold, Valley Camp and Braeburn on the S eastern ide , and Etna , Sharpsburg, Aspinwall , Harmarville , Cheswick . on Springdale , Tarentum and Natrona the west bank, form almost a continuous suburban community . Kiskiminetas Junction marks the junction of the old Alleghany Valley old Railroad and the Western Pennsylvania Railroad , which crosses the Allegheny here and extends through the valley of the Kiskiminetas and

Conemaugh rivers to Blairsville Intersection . A branch line also extends to Butler , a city of people , through Butler Junction on the west on S of bank of the Allegheny . The lines both ides of the river south Kiski minetas Junction are included in the Conemaugh Division . to ff of The line Bu alo continues up the east bank the Allegheny , as it cuts through the hills , northward to Oil City . A number of prosperous towns mark the way . K ttann n - i 4 31 1 i i g, to day a thriv ng town of , , was the scene of Colonel ’ ’ Armstrong S destruction of the Delaware Indian S stronghold there on 56 of 8 17 . September , in reprisal for the Indians destruction white property Red Bank marks the junction with the Low Grade Branch , extending on through Red Bank Creek valley to Du Bois , and thence to Driftwood , the Renovo Division . ran lin oil F k , a flourishing center just south of the fields , with - of 1 753 population , was the one time site Fort Venango , built in by the ca French to protect their territory from encroaching Indians . It was p tured 1759 from the French by Colonel Bouquet in , during the campaign around Lake Erie . Beyond Franklin the Allegheny turns east through a cleft in the hills to Oil Cit o y, which owes b th its name and prosperity to the development il of the great Pennsylvania o fields . It lies in the center of a plot of ground of Corn lanter deeded by the Commonwealth Pennsylvania to p , a noted 1 79 s Seneca chief, in 6, in con ideration of his services during the Braddock campaign . 1 818 i was Conveyed to the whites in , it rema ned only a village until oil in -1859 im struck in Oil Creek, , when it suddenly jumped to fame and - d of portance . To ay, its population are largely engaged in the petroleum business and its allied interests .

48 CHAUTAUQUA L AKE

The Salamanca Branch extends from Oil City through Warren to

Olean . From Oil City to Summit station the course of Oil Creek IS followed

h . to t e top of the St . Lawrence watershed Titusvill e onothan one of , named for J Titus . of the pioneers the region , also owes its rise to fame to the oil industry— for it was on a farm nearby 28 1859 il . on o that Colonel Edwin L Drake , August , , struck , and within a few weeks the entire country was flooded with drillers and speculators . - f To day it is a city o people . Corry is the junction between the Pittsburgh —Buffalo line and the

Renovo Division . North from Corry the route to Buffalo traverses a section of country that was once the stronghold of the bloodthirsty tribe of Eries ; a country of hills and but little developed until one comes to the section lying along ' fr m M l o a vil e . Lake Erie y , north Ma ville S 700 L y , lying on the ide of a rounded hill , feet above ake Erie five though but miles distant, is the station for Chautau ua La e q k , a lovely sheet of water , twenty miles long and varying in width from a half mile to a mile and a half, cupped between Chadokoin high hills and feeding the River , from whose title the name 1 615 of the lake is a corruption . It was visited in by Ettienne Brule , a f 4 o 17 9 . companion Champlain, and , in , by Bienville de Celoron The

Chautauqua Institution at Chautauqua is world famous , and there are a number of pretty summer resorts scattered around the lake Beyond Mayville the railroad traverses the grape belt of western wa New York to the shore of Lake Erie , which it follows all the y to of Buffalo . Brocton and Dunkirk , the latter a busy city are a rox i the centers of this industry . The output of this region is , pp mately , carloads of grapes annually . Fredonia , a suburb of Dun “ ” the m kirk , is noted as home of Lieutenant Cushing of Albe arle fame . Irving Station , near Cattaraugus Creek , marks the passage of the railroad through the Cattaraugus Indian Reservation , where Senecas ,

' Cayugas and Onondagas now till the soil their ancestors once roamed in over savagery . From this point into Buffaloone passes through a picturesque farming S i in S ection , dotted with small towns and v llages , with Lake Erie ight all the time .

49 Pittsburgh to Brownsville Monongahela Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad follows beautiful course of the Monongahela River for more than nty miles through one of the most charming valleys in Penn sylvania. It penetrates one of the richest bituminous coal mining districts - in the East, which , until the running of the Mason Dixon boundary line , was claimed jointly by Pennsylvania and Virginia . “ ” a n In the Indi n tongue , the name Monongahela signified The Falli g ” B or n S in anks , from the mouldering falli g hores of the river, and that this section was a well -known region to the aborigine is evidenced by the “ ” of existence traces of mounds in the surrounding country . Hom estead of S a , with a population is the ite of a gre t steel plant employing thousands . u uesne o ula D q , with its suburb , South Duquesne , and a combined p p f 1 5 6 o 8 7 one . tion , , contains over hundred acres in its huge steel plant D ravosbur the M cKeeS ort of g , across river from p , one the leading e inthe is industrial cent rs valley, said to have been a drilling ground for the troops under Washington l n the Braddock campaign . W est Elizabeth z the is the station for Eli abeth , on the east bank of of river , for many years a noted boat building community, many the boats still running on the Monongahela having been constructed here . on of The hills both sides the river at this point are very beautiful , rising to a height of about four hundred feet .

Beyond are extensive tipples , in many cases crossing over the tracks , down which the coal from the hills is shot into the waiting flotilla of barges . Monon ahela Cit 1796 a g y dates back to , when a grant for tract of land , then known as Southwark , was made to Joseph . Parkinson . Its of of population are largely engaged in the mining coal , for the

- city has S ix ty eight acres of coal lands within its limits . i The Ellsworth Branch extends from Monongahela City to Mar anna, through a coal mining section . South of Monongahela City the r1ver valley widens and the hillsides ‘ mm ni i and plateaus are dotted with prosperous farms and busy co u t es . of Donora, with a population West Monessen , the station for of Monessen, a manufacturing city Charleroi , with i en inhab tants , are the largest points route to West Brownville and its sister city Brownsvill e on , the east bank of the river and the junction point with to the Monongahela Railroad , extending up the river Fairmont, West

Virginia . ’ I n 1754 Brownsville s history is most interesting . February , , Captain Trent located Redstone Old Fort on the present Site of the city as a post 1759 for the Ohio Company . In James Burd , sent from Carlisle by Colonel a Bouquet, rebuilt complete fortification , with bastions , moat and draw bridge , and called it Fort Burd . n In 1791 at a public meeting held i the little town around the fort, was fomented the famous Whiskey Riots , when the farmers objected to the excise tax on the production of whiskey from their rye .

But at a meeting at Southwark (Monongahela City), October r the insu rection died . - B o ula To day , Brownsville and West rownsville have a combined p p n 5 000 tio of about , . i The Redstone Branch, over which through tra ns are operated between “ ' n ex tends from Pittsburgh and U iontown , fi B rownsville Junction , and a ’ branch line also extends up the river to Rice s Landing .

Leaving the Ohio Valley at Rochester the railroad continues up the east bank of the Beaver River to N ew Bri hton 1 799 — g , settled in , and in the early days the eastern - on i canals N e terminus of the Ohio packet boat system the r vers and . w - IS 9 000 Brighton to day a prosperous city of , population, engaged ln the of and production fine pottery, coffee mills , wire and nails , bricks sewer pipes , twine , cordage , bath tubs and fire engines . B The Beaver River is crossed just beyond New righton Station , the railroad turning north along the west bank of the river, which rises in ’ precipitous cliffs almost from the water s edge . Beaver alls of F , with a population about was one of the early t settlements in Western Pennsylvania , a few pioneers locating here about

— 1800 . wn To day , Beaver Falls is a progressive to , with steel works , bridge o n w rks , and plants manufacturi g gas engines , hardware and glassware . Leaving Beaver Falls the railroad rapidly ascends the steep bank of a the Be ver to Homewood , a little settlement four miles north , the junc

i h via , , and tion point w t _ the line to Cleveland Youngstown to Erie to New C Oil City via astle . Beyond Homewood the line passes through the hills enclosing the al of v ley the Little Beaver River, traversing a picturesque farm land i sect on . Just beyond the little town of Enon , the State line between IS and Pennsylvania and Ohio crossed , the railroad surmounts the water shed between the Ohio and the Great Lakes through a fine section of pottery clays . S alem of , a busy city inhabitants , with machine shops , engine r works , church organ, wire nail , pump manufactories and other indust ies , and S ebrin of hi t g, a noted example a company town in w ch is loca ed a large pottery , are centers in this section . Alliance is the junction point with the Cleveland and Pittsburgh

Division , which digresses from the main line at Rochester . There is also a branch line running to Youngstown . 1838 Alliance was first settled in , then being known as Freedom , which 1850 name it bore until . It is a busy town of inhabitants , who are of s a engaged in the manufacture agricultural implement , terra cotta w re , hi heavy mac nery, structural iron, gun carriages , steam hammers and lVI ethodist institu white lead products . Mt . Union College , a Episcopal

1846 . tion , founded in , is located here - Canton of , eighteen miles west Alliance , is noted as the home and l of McKin e . burial place the martyred president , William y The monu ment erected to commemorate his life and achievements may be seen ’ from the train just after leaving the station going west . Canton s inhabitants are largely engaged in the manufacture of agricultural imple in r ments , brick and tiles , as well as the manufacture of stoves and othe iron and steel products . M a sill on 1825 s , first settled in , has of late years become important as the center of the extensive coal fields opened in the valley of the Tus r w ca a as River . Its workshops produce iron and steel , including the

of . manufacture bridges , pottery, glass and flour The Ohio State Hospital I ll n for the Insane is located at lV assi o . Beyond Massillon the line curves to the northward across the Ohio

Canal , which bisects the State from Cleveland to Portsmouth on the of Ohio River , and then follows for a number miles the charming valley

$

o . of the Tuscarawas , crossing and recr ssing the little stream many times Between Lawrence and Burton City there is an extensive territory of the one of famous Ohio black mud . Here is located the greatest onion growing belts in the country .

52 AKRON DIVIS ION NE AR GLE NMONT

rrville ' n e O is the junction point with the Akron Division , runni g b tween

Columbus and Cleveland . ort iz z le t on the i 1S F F , near Glenmon station Akron Div sion , a relic of “ ” the Knights of the Golden Circle , a body of northern men in sympathy 1863 n with the Southern Confederacy, who m , built this stronghold , intendi g to strike a blow at the Middle West when Lee had overcome Philadelphia . in 1863 They were overthrown June , . A ron - A 1S k , twenty nine miles north of Orrville on the kron Division, a of u of progressive city approximately pop lation , and the seat of 1s several the largest rubber manufactories of the country . It especially of e noted for its production automobile tir s . At Barberton , the southern of e suburb Akron, is locat d the largest match works in the world . W ooster u of o , with a pop lation is noted as the home of Wo ster f ’ o . University , one Ohio s leading educational institutions On the hill of e just west the town , the Ohio Experimental Station , devoted to s ien f tific o . farming and agricultural development , stands in full View trains

The city has a number of manufactories , including furniture , door , sash u and blind shops ; boilers , engines and gearing works ; flo r mills and brick works . of low The country west Wooster is very , that around Big Prairie being the first of the great Open stretches of land for which Indiana and Illinois are famed . ” Mansfield a of , with a popul tion of is the center a thriving agricultural section , and the energies of its people are devoted to the — manufacture and sale of agricultural implements of all sorts pumps , — of wagons , and steel soil pipe as well as to the production electrical goods and brass foundering . The Ohio State Reformatory is located at

Mansfield . of i Six and a half miles west Mansfield , the Toledo Div sion leaves the main line and runs northwestward . Cre tline 1S s , which the Pennsylvania skirts through its southern end , a quiet town lying on the western border. of the Ohio hills , marking the western terminus of the Eastern Division . Crestline to Fort W ayne

R OM Crestline practically all the way to Chicago the Pennsylvania M System traverses the great prairies of the iddle West . These and wonderful level areas , miles in extent, with but few trees , those e for mainly planted by early settlers , are very productiv farming and z provide fine gra ing for stock of all kinds . Buc rus - y , the center of a fine stock raising section and a manufacturing point for farm machinery and the various appliances utiliz ed in the care he of cattle , as well as of fine furniture , is the junction point with t Toledo Division branch extending through the center of Ohio from Columbus to

Sandusky . r s s s Just after passing Bucy us tation , going west, train cros the bridge one spanning the Sandusky River , of the largest water courses of Western

Ohio , around whose banks the Indian and the white man , in the later years of the eighteenth century, waged bitter warfare . U er S an usk pp d y, where the railroad again crosses the Sandusky

River , which turns northward to empty, some miles north , into Lake I . ts and Erie , is a busy city factories turn out machinery, furniture, of i S u wagons var ous orts , as well as fo ndry products and flour . A few miles to the northwest IS the site of a terrific battle between the w e Delaware Indians and a force of hite men , und r the command of 82 Colonel William Crawford . During the year 17 these Indians had of been ravaging the homes the settlers in the Sandusky Valley , and 500 Colonel Crawford was sent from Fort Steuben , at Steubenville , with n men to subdue them . He met the I dians , whose habitat at that time was the Tuscarawas Valley, at this point and was badly defeated , being I ns captured and burned at the stake , in revenge for the slaughter of ndia then going on in Southern Ohio . U Near Forest station , twelve miles beyond pper Sandusky , the tracks of s of M cross the Blanchard River, one the main tributarie the aumee

River . Ada of hi N U is the seat the O o orthern niversity . Lim a is in the heart of the great petroleum and natural gas belt of W estern ‘ Ohio of , and is also the seat Lima College , a Lutheran institution refin of learning . With a population of Lima is interested in the

- ing and handling of petroleum and its by products . There are also large railroad repair shops located here , as well as locomotive and car works . T he Au laize Au laize R little station of g marks the crossing of the g iver, m i another tributary of the Maumee . Four iles farther on s D el hos p , a busy town of people , which contains a railroad repair of u o shop the Pennsylvania System , and several f rniture and w oden of he W are manufactories . Just west the city the railroad crosses t Erie

co . and Miami Canal , nnecting Lake Erie with the Miami River From Delphos to Fort Wayne the line lies through an agricul tural r section , which is under fine cultivation , and dotted with a numbe of villages and towns . an W ert in V , the center of this section, is an enterprising community 8 200 in s of , people who are engaged the manufacture of needed product for the surrounding country and in stock raising . The line between the States of Ohio and Indiana runs directly through er 1S the cent of the town of Dixon , the main street of the town, on which

c . . lo ated the Pennsylvania Station , being the dividing line ort W a ne u F y , the largest city passed en route between Pittsb rgh IS s and Chicago , , next to Indianapoli , the most important railroad center s in the State of Indiana , seven steam railroads and a number of electric line

. converging at this point . It was named for General Anthony Wayne H istorically , Fort Wayne goes back to about the middle of the seven teenth i century , when it was v sited by La Salle , who found there the central city of the once powerful Miami tribe of Indians . It was known -ki- u— then as Ke o ga . At various times during the seventeenth and eigh teenth centuries both the French and the English had military posts at — — - 790 Ke ki on a . 1 g In General Harmar , at the head of an expedition , was badly defeated within the limits of the present city , and a year later was General St . Clair, of the American army , also defeated just outside of Fort Wayne . u t During the campaign waged by Tec mseh and his brother , The Prophe , 1812 its in August, , Fort Wayne was invested by the Indians and meager garrison hard pressed for about two weeks , until relief came from other

Posts . — The city to day has a population of persons . Its public build ings are ornate and costly , and its business buildings and residences are modern in construction . There are many manufactories located in and around the city producing a wide variety of goods .

The St . Joseph and St . Mary rivers unite within the city limits to form the Maumee River , and the surrounding scenery is charming . Concordia College and a number of schools and academies are located within the city limits , and the State Home for Feeble Minded is just outside the city .

The lines of the Pennsylvania System are elevated through the city . ’ one of The Grand Rapids Indiana Railway, the Pennsylvania s sub sidiar to r y lines , extending from Richmond up through Michigan the G eat

Lakes , crosses the main line a short distance east of the city limits . of of s North Fort Wayne , this important division the Penn ylvania System extends through one of the most delightful summer resorts regions of in the Middle West , as well as one the greatest furniture producing sections in the world . hiichi an of e Historically , the State of g was one the earliest Visited r gions 1 634 west of the Alleghenies . Jean Nicolet had come thither as early as , and Father Marquette made a settlement at Michilim ackinac (now f o 1 670 . Mackinaw City , the terminus the line) in At the latter point, l 6 the British garrison in the o d fort were massacred by Pontiac in 17 3 . Grand Ra ds of pi , the chief city on this important line the Pennsylvania 1828 System , was first settled in , when Joseph Campeau established an now Indian trading post where the city stands .

AN OUTING IN THE MI CHI GAN woons 55 - of 123 227 as To day, with a population , , it ranks one of the most im portant furniture centers in the world as well as a busy manufacturing n Is city i other lines . It also the chief center in the great fruit belt of central ’ M chi an I Michigan . The g Soldiers Home S located three miles from the city . Fort W ayne to Chicago

ON TIN UI N G westward , the Pennsylvania System leaves the valley of the St Joseph and bisects the prairies of northern Indianathrough

wonderful farm land . About nineteen miles West of Fort Wayne of of it crosses the Eel River , one the tributaries the Wabash , and enters Columbia Cit of y, a lumber town population , and , the junction w n point ith the Michigan Division from Terre Haute , through Loga sport

. to Butler and _ Toledo W inona La e k , which takes its name from the small lake lying south a of the railro d , is noted as the site of the Winona Assembly and Summer of the School , annually attracting thousands students and teachers from of r leading colleges , universities , and schools the country . Du ing the summer months the hotels and cottages around the lake are thronged with those who come to attend the schools and to take part in the many out door pleasures to be found here . W arsaw of , a little over a mile west Winona Lake, and connected one of with it by both railroad and electric line , is the older settlements t of 83 — 1 6 . i s o u in this par the State , its history dating back to To day t p p of lation are engaged in various manufactures , principally those for of relating to agriculture, this part the State is distinctly a farming section .

- A mile or so west of Warsaw the head waters of the Tippecanoe River , famed in history from its association with President William Henry

Harrison , are crossed . Pl m outh y , lying along the banks of the Yellow River, which , with the nk Ka akee and several other streams , unite to form the Illinois River, is the junction point with the branch extending from Logans port to South f few o . Bend . The latter point is a miles south Old Fort St Joseph , a landmark in the campaign against the hostile Indians who opposed 1 54 of settlement in southern Michigan in 7 . Ten miles south Plymouth is beautiful Lake Maxinkuckee . - D avis of on , just west Plymouth, the Kankakee River, is the northern entrance to the famed hunting and fishing grounds in English Lake . R This lake is virtually a widening of the Kankakee , and the Yellow iver t empties into i from the East . Val ara so of one p i is noted as the seat Valparaiso University, of the of and of largest institutions learning in the State , also the Northern F 1836 Indiana Normal School . irst settled in , following the driving of farther west the hostile Indians under Tecumseh , Valparaiso grew rapidly until to- day it has a population of and its S hops turn out many remarkable products , notably mica paint, dairy materials and hi mac nery . ' Shortly before reaching the city of Gary the waters of Lake Michigan t n may be seen stretching out to the nor h of the tracks , the railroad skirti g -fi this enormous inland sea for almost thirty ve miles . Gar - y, twenty eight miles east of Chicago , was founded and all the buildings utiliz ed by its inhabitants were built to house and care for the employés of the enormous steel plant located at this point . Gary of - has every convenience the modern city , including electric street car ‘ su ert from service , and practically all of its people derive their pp the steel works . A TYPICAL ILLINOIS FAR M

Indiana Harbor is always interesting to travelers from the East entering the city of Chicago on account of the enormous cement works stretched alongside the tracks for quite a distance . Here the slag from the steel plants is ground up to make Portland cement . of on Three miles west wIndiana Harbor , the south side of the tracks , W . are two large , shallo lakes , known as Lake George and Lake olf The through route from the East via Columbus and Logansport S kirts the western edge of Lake Wolf and joins the Fort Wayne Division at

Colehour . , marking the State line between Indiana and Illinois From this point to Union Station one is within the corporate boundaries of the on city of Chicago . A little over three miles farther the railroad crosses C the alumet River , the outlet into Lake Michigan of Lake Calumet , as of e well as Lake Wolf and Lake George , which surround the south rn end of the city . t For about thirteen miles from this point the tracks are elevated . Sou h of Chicago , larger than many cities , but only a recent annex the greater in ' of of city, and Englewood, the heart the fine residential section the e of - m etro o South side of Chicago, l ad into the principal part the mid west p - of C lis . At Twenty second Street the tracks cross the arm the hicago of River, which , by the construction the great drainage canals , has been made to flow in the reverse direction . Chica o of - g , the western terminus both the Fort Wayne and Pan Handle of routes of the Pennsylvania System , with a population k for ran s as the second city in the United States , the business center the great West and the busiest railroad city in the world . It is probable that JOliet and NI arquette were the first white men who saw s S on i the pre ent ite of Chicago, then the Ind an canoe route from the 673 G the . 1 reat Lakes to Mississippi Valley This was in , and Pere

Marquette spent the following winter in a small cabin here . In the early Of part the eighteenth century , the French built a fort at Chicago Portage , 1795 which was still standing in . Saible Domin an Jean Baptiste Pointe de , a San g negro , appears to have been the first permanent settler in Chicago , where he located as an Indian

1777 z 1803 . trader in John Kin ie , an American , bought the location in ’ Kinz ie s Fort Dearborn , built on the river Opposite cabin to house , in 1804 U out , the small garrison of nited States troops sent after the George c 1798 Rogers Clark onquest in , was burned and its garrison massacred b I C i A t y ndians under orders from olonel Hull of the Br tish forces , ugus

181 6 In , Fort Dearborn was rebuilt and a small Village grew up around 1837 it , which , in , was incorporated as a city with a population of Was In 1852 But it not until the railroads touched Chicago , that it really A i began to grow . S the railroad l nes crept into Chicago and thence west he r t . ward Over the plains , city inc eased in importance 18 1 7 . A memorable year in the history of Chicago is On Sunday evening , ’ ’ L ' 8 . O ear s 0 11 October th , Mrs y cow kicked over a lamp in a small barn - re the west side and started the great fire . For twenty four hours the fi

' of 2 024 — ~ raged , over an area , acres , with great loss of life estimated at 300 persons— and a property loss of The consequent des titution and suffering called out instantaneous responses from all parts of this country and from Europe . Many insurance companies were forced to suspend , but some of fire claims were paid ; bank vaults t two were , fortunately , found intact . Wi hin years the burned area was

-lr bui in s again covered wit ld g , and in the rebuilding much more substantial types were used . Less than eighty years ago Chicago had but little more than - i f inhabitants ; to day, one of its mmense O fice buildings houses a larger 0 7 50 é . number of workers , while one retail store has , employ s From the ' S k - downtown business section , crowded with lofty y scrapers indicative of u v the h stling business acti ities so manifest, to the quieter hotel and residential sections , and including the great stock yards , everywhere throughout its area of 194 square miles is the western spirit Of push and hustle displayed . ’ of — In value product , Chicago s greatest industry is meat packing and of n slaughtering, with annual product Next comes clothi g , with and printing machinery and its allied industries , with 150 Chicago claims to have distinct lines of manufactures , each of which exceeds in value of product per annum . The total annual value of manufacturers of all sorts is over one billion dollars ; one company employs men ; one plant has an output valued at

annually . Twenty—S ix of the principal railroad trunk lines of the country run

to u . trains into Chicago terminals , in addition numero s belt lines The corporate limits of the city are gridironed with no less than 800 miles of

N E W S UNION TATION, CHICAGO ( Under Construction)

d To ay, the city extends over five miles up and down the river and on oa the hills on either S ide . Great blast furnaces r r from one end of the

“ year to the next, and hundreds of plants , large and small , make the city a busy hive of industry . of Following the Mahoning , through a series great steel mills , one comes to N iles , also an important mill city and the junction point with the line running to Ashtabula on Lake Erie . Over this branch much of the iron ore from the great Michigan mines reaches the Youngstown and Pitts t of - burgh districts . Niles is also no ed as the birthplace the martyr Presi M nl dent William cKi ey.

Turning west from Niles , still alongside the Mahoning , the line traverses

of . t a rolling section fine farm land Crossing the river at New on Falls , a beautiful cataract , the route extends to R avenna num erotIs , a center for summer , resorters , who throng to the small lakes that lie in and around the town , and a manufacturing point ri l for ag cu tul al implements and furniture . IS of W of a This in the heart the estern Reserve , that great tract l nd i n 1795 96 once belonging to Connecticut which was sold , the proceeds being largely devoted to the establishment of Western Reserve University ,

now l n . started at Hudson , but located Cleveland Six miles further on the railroad enters the valley of the Cuyahoga

River , which it follows all the way to Cleveland . Hud on 1s i s the junction point w th the Akron Division , the through was one route from Columbus to Cleveland . This quiet country town of R o the earliest settlements in the Western eserve , and was n ted , i of during the Civ l War days , as the chief headquarters the Abolition istS in Ohio . Twelve miles north of Hudson is one of the prettiest places on the

“ THE S R E E VE L QUA , CL AND Cuyahoga River . Here this wandering stream has carved for itself a deep gorge , through which it flows for some distance . Near Bedford station the l iver leaps over a high ridge of rocks in two falls .

It is but a few miles farther to the outskirts of Cleveland . The rail road enters the city from the southeast and crosses two of the larger thoroughfares , Woodland Avenue and Euclid Avenue , with a station at each street . The latter station is the point at which persons destined to the residential section of the city leave the train .

Before reaching Euclid Avenue , the tracks become elevated and curve of IS through the business section down to the shore the lake , which seen for some distance before the Union Station l s reached . Cleveland Of the t , with a population ranks sixth among grea A one bi receivin cities of the country . S of the g g ports for the giant lake steamers engaged in the iron ore trade it is one of the principal iron and steel industry centers of the country . out Com Moses Cleaveland , a surveyor sent by the Connecticut Land 1796 in pany , in , to survey and establish New Connecticut the Western

Reserve, picked out the plateau lying alongside Lake Erie , near the h of mout of the Cuyahoga River, for the capital the new domain , and the n new town became known by his ame . “ Its name was sometimes Spelled Cleaveland and again Cleve 183 1 land . The latter spelling was est“ablished in , when the news paper was unable to get the letter a in the title in the width Of its headline . The growth of the city was slow until the Ohio Canal was 1832 built in , when the settlement quickly grew by immigration from the East . of As a headquarters for the Oil industry , following the development ’ ’ 6os the great wells in western Pennsylvania in the early , Cleveland f became a center o note . - ore To day, aside from the importance of the iron trade over the Great

Lakes , steel ships , heavy machinery, wire and wire nails , bolts and nuts , malleable castings , are among the many metal products of Cleveland ,

- while the automobile industry, with the necessary adjunct of gasoline refining , figures largely in its total manufactures . The city claims to have Of has four per cent of the savings deposits the country, while it but one f per cent o the total population .

- - Cleveland has an extensive parking system , with twenty two parks

. n 122 containing acres O the Lake Shore is Gordon Park of acres , two and miles back on an elevation overlooking the Lake is Wade Park , containing the marble monument to Commodore Perry, hero of the battle f O . Lake Erie , which at one time stood in Public Square T he Pennsylvania System runs into the Union Station , lying on the own lake front in the heart of the city . It also has its station , Euclid ’ Avenue , in the eastern end of the city, on Euclid Avenue , Cleveland s famed residential and business boulevard . to traver the m in Iine se . a Through cars Cleveland via Salem , L of the Fort ‘Vayne Route to Alliance ; thence turning northward over a steep o grade surmounting the watershed of the Cuyahoga River, the r ute extends through a number of small towns to Ravenna , joining there the line run ning Via Youngstown . Via Passengers the route through Wellsville , leave the Fort Wayne main line at Rochester and cross the Beaver River to Beaver S , an important hipping point for oil and coal , and then fol low the Ohio River through East Liverpool , where one of the largest u potteries in the world is situated , to Wellsville , where the ro te turns northward through the hills to Alliance and thence through Ravenna to Cleveland .

61 M ansfield to Toledo

iffin on on T , the largest city the division , lies the Sandusky River, and is not only the center of the agricultural district surrounding it , but a noted glass manufacturing point . of Beyond the crossing the Portage River , near Woodville Station , one of enters the valley the Maumee , which was noted as the northern end of the Indian trail from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi Valley . Canoes were paddled up the Maumee to near Fort Wayne ; thence by a S hort - was carry to the Wabash , an all water route for hundreds of miles Obtained . S It was along the Maumee , which is crossed just before Toledo tation is reached , that many noted fights with the Indians were waged in the of 1794 campaign , when General Anthony Wayne utterly routed the

Miamis at the battle of Fallen Timbers . Toledo is one Of the chief cities of Northern Ohio and one of the prin i A f 1 c al on . S a o p seaports Lake Erie producer ron and steel , and the varied of products these two staples , of plate glass and fine art glass of vehicles ' of all kinds , including wagons , carriages , automobiles , and bicycles , it is well known . While it is probably true that the first actual settlement on the site who now occupied by Toledo was made by the French , invaded this of section of the country in the early days the eighteenth century, the of of first historic event was the erection Fort Necessity , at the junction hi 1805 of the Maumee and Swan Creek , in w ch , in , a treaty peace was made between the Indians and the United States , by which the Red Men “ ” to z yielded final title the Fire Lands , claimed by the citi ens of Groton two and New London , Conn . , as recompense for the burning of these towns by the British during the Revolution . The first actual settlement was made in 1817 at the mouth of Swan 1832 Creek , but it did not last . A second attempt was made in by Major

Stickney, and after some rivalry between the two villages , which were a f mile apart, a consolidation was e fected , and the united town named

Toledo at the suggestion of Willard J . Daniels , because no other town in the United States bore such a name , and it was euphonious . ’ The city 5 growth was slow until the opening of the Wabash and Erie 1843 in z Canal in , when it begb an to increase si e and importance , and - to the o u to day it stands well the forefront of business world , with a p p lation approximating persons . t The city i self is well laid out with wide streets , many of them well

of 900 . shaded by old forest trees . It has a park system nearly acres

The wharves , with the enormous grain elevators , where is received the Of bumper crops grains from the great Northwest , are always interesting to visitors to the city . of There are a number important buildings in the city, notably the

Lucas County Courthouse and the Toledo State Hospital for the Insane . roit D et , the terminus of through cars from Pittsburgh and the East , 537 650 with a population of , , is noted as the greatest automobile center in the world . Through the Detroit River is carried almost the entire tonnage of the Great Lakes . on 24 1701 Detroit was first settled by Cadillac July , , when Fort Pon 1760 was chartrain was built . Taken over then by the English in the post bitterly besieged by Pontiac from May 9 to October The town was entirely destroyed by fire in 1805 ; then rebuilt and became the

Of 1847 e . capital the territory . In the capital was remov d to Lansing

62 THE PAN HANDLE ROUTE ALONG THE OHIO

Pittsburgh to Columbus

E N N S YL V AN I A SYS E M T trains to Chicago , via Columbus , and to Cin

cinnati and . , Indianapolis , Louisville , St Louis , traverse what is ” popularly known as The Pan Handle Route , over which runs ” “ L o i n New . u sa The St and The Yorker , companion trains with the ” Broadway Limited . b After leaving Pittsburgh, trains speed over a long ridge spanning the ' u n Monongahela River, and t rn northward alo g the west bank of the Ohio two i for about miles , thence through a tunnel under the high r dge which ’ s of shut in Pittsburgh s western borders , and up the valley of one the

— swift running little streams that feed the Ohio, to Carne ie g , a busy town in the center of the Chartiers valley , which is the heart of the famous Pittsburgh bituminous coal district . There are n t m of large ma ufacturing es ablish ents in Carnegie , notably a number steel plants . It is also the junction point with the branch lines extending south to

Washington and Waynesburg . W ashingt on is a manufacturing city of about population and f 0 o f 178 . the seat Washington and Je ferson College , founded in Crossing the high divide around which the Ohio River makes a big S M cDonald oil horse hoe curve , and passing , an and bituminous coal Harmone town , the picturesque valley of Creek is followed to N ew umberland unction C J , the junction with the branch line to of Chester, running north along the east bank the Ohio River , and W heelin unct on g J i , the point from which the branch line to Wheel

. Va . ing , W , leaves the main line , and also the last station in the State on of West Virginia , the railroad crossing the Ohio River a long bridge just after leaving the s tation . W heelin - one g, twenty four miles south , of the most important busi IV one ness cities in est Virginia , is noted as being of the first towns founded

on . P the Ohio River Fort Henry, named for atrick Henry , was erected 1774 in , and withstood three sieges .

63 Steubenville , a busy manufacturing city of is noted as the ni place where steam was first used in the U ted States in manufactures . was 1797 It settled in , following the erection of Fort Steuben here in ’ 1786 of , and the start Crawford s disastrous campaign against the Wyan d e 782 ott s 1 . , in , from this point Steubenville is the junction point with the branch extending from Beaver along the west bank Of the Ohio to

Powhatan . i Westward from Steubenv lle , the railroad follows the Ohio River for over three miles , and then turns abruptly west through the rolling hills f o . eastern Ohio Many pretty little settlements dot the line . D ennison receives its name from William Dennison , governor of Ohio war b — during the etween the States , and postmaster general under Presi in dent Buchanan, who was very liberal his benefactions to Dennison

College . of of Just west Tuscarawas , the Pan Handle Route enters the valley uscarawas the T River, a stream which rises to the north , through the for l hills , and alongside of which runs many mi es the canal connecting Lake

_ e . the Ohio. R Erie with iv r at Portsmouth Thence for nearly thirty miles , of the railroad , the river , the canal , and one the Ohio main roads parallel each other .

' Gnadenhutten a V on , little country illage the Tuscarawas , is remi f f niscent o o . one the most tragic events in early American history Here , 1772 r who in , the remnant of the Delawa e Indians , had been converted k by the Moravians , created a little settlement for themselves on the ban s

. 1781 of . the Tuscarawas Forced away by the English invaders in , a small 1782 number who remained to harvest crops , in were massacred by

Colonel Williamson and American troops , in revenge for the part the rest of the tribe took in the French and Indian War . N ew Com erstown is the junction point with the branch lines to

Bayard and Goshen and with the Marietta Division . oarvill e of Comerstown on was Z , nine miles north New this branch , Z of for eighty years the community oar the Separatist Society, founded 81 in 1 7 by Joseph Bimler .

THE BE AUTIFUL TUS CARAWAS VA LLE Y 64 ar etta of of M i , the terminus the Marietta Division , the seat Marietta of College and a thriving community about persons , was the first z organi ed settlement in the Northwest Territory , and the first court was two 1788 . held here in September , Fort Harmar had been built here of 1782 years before , and Fort Gower , at the mouth the Hocking River, in , by the invading settlers from the East . Marietta was built on one of the largest of the old mounds or earth of of works made by the ancient inhabitants this country, “ which this section of Ohio has many relics in the way of these peculiar works . C shocton of o , marks the junction the Tuscarawas and Mohican rivers to form the Muskingum . In addition to being a prosperous town of

' of people , Coshocton is also the terminus the branch northward to the Fort Wayne Division at Loudonville . From Coshocton the railroad follows the valley of the Muskingum for -two about fourteen miles ; thence along the canal for nearly twenty miles .

A number Of towns dot the way . Trinway is the junction pOint of the Pan Handle R Oute with the i n Zanesville Div sion , which follows the Muski gum southward to Z anesville 1799 , founded in , and containing the largest tile works in i n the world . Thence , this div sio turns westward to the valley of the hIiami Little , where it joins the Cincinnati Division at Morrow . Lancaster of F ir el , with a population of the county seat a fi d

Of . . County , is noted as the birthplace General W T Sherman and of

Senator John Sherman . Circleville was on of , on the Scioto River , built the site a circular n mound or earthworks left by the Mou d Builders , hence its name . It has a population of o r A branch line also extends northward fr m T inway to Killbuck , on

of . the Akron Division , which follows the picturesque valley the Kill buck River , a tributary of the Mohican . N ewar k is the largest town passed between Pittsburgh and Columbus .

It has a population of and very extensive manufactures , em a bracing locomotive works and electric car factory , glass works , chemical instrument and carriage factories . Near Newark is the encampment

‘ f r h r e grounds of the Ohio State Militia . Newark is also noted o t e la g _

e . prehistoric mounds in the immediate vicinity, covering four square mil s Between Newark and Columbus the Pennsylvania Lines cross the watershed between Muskingum and Scioto valleys , Summit station mark i ing the div de . olumbus f i f C , the terminus o the Pittsburgh Div sion o the Pan Handle one of the Route , in addition to being the capital of the State Of Ohio , is most important railroad centers of the Middle West, seven lines centering Six of one of s here , them using the Union Station, the most ornate structure of its kind in the United States .

— l . of Co umbus , which to day has a population was settled in

1810 . 181 6 a . t In , it was made the St te Capital The first capi ol buildings — n were of brick and cost i those days very fine buildings . The present capitol , a Doric structure of native grey limestone , covers nearly u three acres , and , with the other government buildings , has cost abo t d - l two an one half mil ions Of dollars . The city is a most attractive one with wide streets and fine business buildings and residences . Its manufactories are extensive and produce a of wide variety products . of Columbus is the seat the Ohio State University , the Capital City ’

. s n University , and St Mary s Academy , three noted chools . The U ited States Government maintains an army post on the northeastern borders f o . the city , known as Fort Columbus

65 S E P S TAT CA ITOL, COLUMBU

Columbus to Chicago

AS S E N GE R S to Chicago and to St . Louis Via Piqua traverse the same i line between Columbus and Bradford . Leav ng the Union Station trains follow the valley of the Scioto River for a mile or more outside to the city limits ; then cut across country Big Darby , which waters -Creek f r a charming farming section o over sixteen miles . Urbana o u is the largest town in this agricultural section , with a p p lation of chiefly engaged in the large rolling stock works located here , and In the manufacture of wagons , stoves , agricultural implements , U shoes and furniture . rbana University, an educational institution under the direction of the Swedenborgians , is located here . i ua of P q , with a population over is a thriving town whose to development has been largely due the extensive use of the water_ power of ts o the Miami River , which flows directly through the city . I fact ries iron nd are busy in the production of woolen goods , furniture , and a steel One n c s . o e produ t crosses here the Miami and Erie Canal , of the main o stems f the Ohio Canal System . 1 749 - as - a e In , the first English speaking settlement in Ohio w made ff w i of Pickawillan m les north Piqua and was called y, which was undoubtedly $ 2 of . 175 corrupted to the present name Piqua In , all the inhabitants of this settlement were massacred by Indians .

‘ Covin ton . the railroad Stillwater iver _ g Near this town _ crosses the R , one f of the tributaries o the Miami . Bradford is g1Ven up almost entirely to the business of the Pennsyl t he n vania System. To south exte ds the line leading to Richmond and ’ Indianapolis $ The fine building erected hy ‘ the Young Men s Christian Association for the benefit of railroad men is a complete home ; for it and n for the a o d men and contains dormitories restaura ts the use of r ilr a , _ t e s s was erected some years ago on the triangle formed by h variou , line centering at Bradford . W oodin ton Ohi g station , just before the State line between o and

Leaving Logansport , Pennsylvania System trains wind up and over of the hill to the north the city, passing over the Eel River falls on a high A f . o bridge remarkably beautiful view the Wabash Valley, extending in either direction , may be had as the train reaches the summit of the hill . For over eighty miles beyond the railroad traverses the great Indiana ‘ prairie , which covers almost the entire northern part of the State . This wonderful section , almost as level as a billiard table for miles , was , accord ing to historians , practically uninhabited until the advent of the French ' 1 669 1 670 explorers in and . Dotted with hundreds of small lakes , it was - entirely treeless . What timber is here to day, is said to have been planted

.18 by the settlers who came hither about 15 . W inamac is interesting as marking the crossing of the Tippecanoe ’ River, famed from its connection with General William Henry Harrison s 7 181 1 big fight with Tecumseh and The Prophet November , , some miles south, where the Tippecanoe empties into the Wabash .

General Harrison , the ninth President of the United States , who was then Governor of the Northwest Territory , found it impossible to get

‘ m to ‘ v r - a . 900 Tecu seh le e the war path So , with men , he set out to rout ’ “ ” the ecum seh s . forces under T brother , known as The Prophet During he a parley t wily Shawnees suddenly attacked the white men , but, after

O . a bitter fight, were verthrown

m , Passing English Lake , with its any bungalows and club houses

r - where hunters and fishermen come eve y season in great numbers , the railroad, just beyond Schererville station , curves down from the high one prairie land over the escarpment , which , perhaps , at period of the ’ world s history was the southern shore line of Lake Michigan . Beyond ’ this cleft one may see the smoke from Chicago s thousands of chimneys . Just before reaching Lansing station the State line between Indiana the S and Illinois is passed . The railroad skirts western hore of Lake Wolf and joins the Fort Wayne Division in South Chicago

Columbus to Indianapolis

Via Bradford

HR OUGH trains of the Pennsylvania System from the East to Indi

anapolis and St . Louis , running via Bradford , traverse the same route between Columbus and Bradford as has been described in the preceding pages . Thence the route turns westward into Darke County, ’ which was the scene of General Anthony Wayne s campaign against the 93 1794 Indians in 17 and . Greenvil e of 7 000 l , a thriving city , population , lies near the point Iva ne 3 000 where y established Fort Greenville as a base for the force of , men whom he had brought from Fort Washinbgton at Cincinnati . After of Fallen defeating the Wyandottes at the battle Timbers , on the Maumee 3 1795 River , he returned to Fort Greenville , where , on August , , he signed a treaty with the Indians , whereby they relinquished much territory in Ohio in exchange for and an annuity of N ew Par s was 1 791 o e i , near which Fort Hamilton erected , in , as n of m auraudin the chain of defenses against g Indians , is the junction with the main line extending from Columbus to Indianapolis through Xenia o t of and Dayton . Ab u a mile west New Paris the railroad crosses the line between Ohio and Indiana . ‘ Richm ond , which lies on the east fork of the White Water River , is

of . an active city inhabitants , with large and varied manufactures of who It was settled by a group of the Society Friends , emigrated thither from North Carolina in the year 181 6 . It is also the seat of the Eastern

Indiana Insane Asylum . The route to Indianapolis here crosses the main

68 line between Cincinnati and Chicago , and the city is the southern terminus

of the Grand Rapids Indiana Railway .

Westward to Indianapolis , the Pennsylvania System follows almost — ma nificent a straight line across the rolling prairie land g farm land , well watered by the White and White Water rivers . The three main forks of the latter river, the most important in southern Indiana , are crossed between Centerville and ambr d e t C i g Ci y, whence a branch line extends through a grazing sec old tion and Shelbyville , an town with population , to Columbus , i on the Louisv lle Division . Kni hts town of g marks the crossing the Blue River , the chief tributary of the White River .

' reenfield n G , the largest town o the line between Richmond and I n diana olis of z p , in addition to the industry its citi ens , is noted as the birthplace of the Hoosier poet, James Whitcomb Riley . Indiana oli f p s , selected as the capital city o the State of Indiana in 1820 e one of , has develop d into the larger cities of the country, noted

' for the number and the excellence of its manufactured products , the pro ressiveness of g of its inhabitants , and the beauty the city, both in its business and residential sections . ’ The Indiana Soldiers and Sailors Monument, which may be seen of r from trains entering the Union Station , is the finest work a t of its _ of kind in the world . It stands in the center a circle right in the heart of 288 the city and towers feet in the air . It was designed by Bruno Schmitz and cost over s of The Indiana State House , erected at a co t about which - a l r occupies two entire city blacks , is most notab e st ucture . The new ' two - Federal Building , costing nearly and one half millions , and other '

State and municipal buildings beautify the city . There are nearly of the acres parks in and about city, and the famous Speedway, on which are held the great e s t a u t o m o b i l e c o n t e s t s i n t h e u co ntry , is known everywhere . From Indiana polis t h e L o u i s ville Division ex t e n d s southward to Louisville and n o r t h w a r d t o a n d Logansport, t h e V i n c e n n e s

D i v i s i o n , south west to incenn V es , one of the original out posts of civiliz ation in the west , and the s c e n e o f G e o r ge Rogers Clark ’ s vic tory over the Brit ish garrison at Fort 177 Sackville in 9 . Vincennes was first o c c u p i e d by the 1 n 1 7 0 92 Fre n c h , E M E P S BATTL ONUM NT , INDIANA OLI 69 “ - but was captured by the British in 1 763 . To day it is an important of manufacturing city population .

Columbus to Indianapolis Via X enia and Dayton

E AV IN G via Columbus . for Indianapolis Xenia and Dayton, Penn sylvania System passengers traverse a section of country which is r interesting in many ways , but more particularly from an histo ic point of view , for it is dotted with towns large and small in which history Its r has been made from the earliest days up to the present time . sto y ranges from the building of the ancient mounds to the development of the modern aeroplane . one On the left, as passes over the bridge crossing the Scioto , which , a rising to the northwest of Columbus , flows almost directly south , p ssing the through Chillicothe , the former capital of State, and empties into of e s in the Ohio at Portsmouth , one the very early settlem nt this section , “ e b ul n of are se n the i di gs the Ohio State Hospital for the Insane , sur rounded by some very attractive landscape gardening . - of ou Beyond , the double track roadway the Pennsylvania stretches t -five across the thirty mile section of very rich farm land, most . of it the l b ack clay for which Ohio is famous . This tract was for many years r known as the Virginia Military District , so named because Cong ess , following the Revolution , set it apart for the use and settlement of the officers of the Virginia regiments who had served during the war with

Great Britain . W est efferson J , on Darby Creek , is noted as the place where the ’ of 1774 hi family Logan , the Indian , were massacred in , w ch led to Logan s joining the bad Indians in the West . t Be ween London and South Charleston , the railroad crosses the water shed between the Scioto and Little Miami valleys and comes into X en a of two i , a busy city population , lying between the forks

of of . the latter stream , the county seat Greene County Here, too, is U one of s Wilberforce niversity , the most noted negro in titutions of learn ing in the country . Xenia is the junction point with the Cincinnati Division and with the branch line running northwest to S rin field of p g , an important manufacturing city population f and the county seat o Clarke County . Four miles west of Xenia the railroad crosses the Little Miami and continues in a northwestwardly direction to D a ton n z of y , oted throughout the civili ed world as the home the cash f register and the lying machine , and , in addition to this distinction , as an exceedingly thrifty manufacturing city with a population of out 1 795 First laid in November, , by General Israel Ludlow , a veteran of to the Revolution , who helped found Cincinnati , and named by him of after General Jonathan Dayton , a noted figure early American politics ,

in 1796 . the first p ermanent settlers found their way to the new , town On 17 1903 W Here , December , ilbur Wright made the first successful of man - — a flight in a heavier than air machine , and p ved the way for the f wonderful science o aviation . t 1913 Day on was almost wiped off the map in March , , by the dis i i n astrous flood of the Great Miam River , which , with the Oh o Canal , ru s e of directly t hrough the h art the city . The devastated portions have all en be rebuilt . ‘ t the of $ t Day on is northern terminus the Cincinnati , Lebanon Nor hern

Railway, a subsidiary line of the Pennsylvania System .

70 N ew n From Dayton to Paris , the point of junction with the line ru ning

from Columbus to Indianapolis via Bradford , the railroad passes through

a fine agricultural section .

Lou s Indianapolis to St . i

N the western outskirts of Indianapolis the St . Louis line crosses S west fork of the White River , the hallow stream flowing to W south , along whose banks the Delaware Indians aged bitter At warfare around the year 1800 . This tribe originally came from the

lantic coast , where they are best known as the Lenni Lenape . Between Indianapolis and Terre Haute many small towns and vil

' lages dot the hillsides and the little valleys . There is much coal land in this vicinity , and good farms under cultivation . Greencastle one of , with a population of about was the early 2 - 18 2 . settlements in Indiana , its history going back to To day , it is a l progressive city with extensive trade in lumber and tin p ate . De Pauw 1837 University, which was founded in by the Methodist Episcopal c Chur h , is located here . Brazil is a junction with a short branch line running to Saline City on the south , and the Central Indiana Railway, a subsidiary company , extending to Muncie . There are very rich mines of block coal in the of z vicinity, as well as very extensive deposits pottery clay, which are utili ed z in the production of tiles . Bra il has a population of z m he e Beyond Bra il one co es down into t valley of the Wabash Riv r, which, during the early years of the nineteenth century, witnessed many bitter struggles between the Indians and the settlers who took up land was in what then the Northwest Territory . erre Haute out a 1816 1833 T , laid as city in , and chartered in , is “ one of the most prominent railroad and manufacturing centers in the l f l\Iidd e . o West It lies in the midst a rich agricultural region , and in the center of coal lands , comprising over square miles . The Michigan Division extends northeastwardly from Terre Haute to Logansport and to Toledo and the Peoria Division -northwestwardly Peoria . of With a population and industries embracing rolling mills , foundries , distilleries , breweries and flour mills , its streets are well laid out and many handsome public and private buildings lend an attractive

. one of atmosphere The Indiana State Normal School , the leading educational institutions of the State , is located here . Two miles and a half north of Terre Haute was the site of Fort

AMONG THE HILLS NE AR X E NIA 71 From an old sketch ( ) OL D FORT HARRIS ON

‘ 181 1 Harrison , built by General William Henry Harrison , in October, , as a part of the defenses in the campaign against Tecumseh . Here , Z of Captain achary Taylor , afterwards President the United States , with but fifteen men , withstood a fierce attack by Indians on Sep tember 3 and The Wabash River is crossed just after leaving

Terre Haute . of t Six miles west Terre Haute, just before reaching Liggett sta ion, S the on the left- h a large ign post set up in the midst of farm lands _ and s of ide the track , going west, marks the dividing line between Indiana a nd Illinois . arrin t on of n F g , just inside the borders Illinois , is the junction poi t f r o t . the Peoria Division running nor hwest to Peoria _ This line trav of one -of erses the great corn belt Illinois , the richest agricultural sec n tio s in the United States , passing through Decatur , where are located the largest corn mills ln the country, and the James Milliken University . Peor a f l i , the center o the distilling district of I linois and a thriving of old manufacturing city, with a population was the site of Fort o La Crevec eur , built by the early French invaders of the West under Salle 1783 6 0 . in 1 8 . George Rogers Clarke also built a fort here m N auvoo , lying on the Mississippi River midway between Keokuk and o i of Burlingt n , the western termin the Toledo , Peoria Western Rail of way, a subsidiary the Pennsylvania System , is noted as the first large n settlement of the Mormon followers o their way to Utah . e or En route to St . Louis , the line crosses the Embarras River, a mil so

' n one few east of the hill o which Greenup sits , and comes a miles further on to art nsvill e t M i , interesting from the fact hat it is the center of about twelve hundred acres of land on Which the Ohio Oil Company maintains “ nk of n r , i i terest to travelers by this a ta fa m wh ch is always an o_ bject For r of line to St . Louis . several miles on eithe side the track are located

223 i n e . t ro tanks , ach numbered in large numerals These anks have a capacity of barrels of oil each . s f Teuto o 15 o . d a p li , the seat St Joseph s Seraphic College , an e ucation l institution for the training Of young men for the Roman Catholic priest o m 1861 1 eli ious h od , founded , largely under the influence of a number of g men who had been driven from Germany on account of persecution . Eflin ham of S of g , prettily situated in a little group hills , on either ide two which run the tributaries of the Little Wabash River, is the trading center for the extensive agricultural section extending for miles on both sides of the railroad . It is also the seat of Austin College .

As the trains speed west, the railroad crosses the Kaskaskia River, a winding stream rising almost in the middle of Illinois and flowing south ward to empty into the Mississippi a little to the southeast of St . Louis . This river S hares with the Wabash reminiscent glory from the fact that its banks witnessed some of the most bitter struggles in the early u to settlement of the Middle West . Abo t eighty miles the southwest was old on of the site of Kaskaskia , captured from the British the night July 4 1778 o , , by General Ge rge Rogers Clark , which led to the establishment of the Northwest Territory in 1783 . Kaskaskia for years after its set ‘ f tlement 1720 o . by the French , in , was known as The Paris the West Vandalia one- , time capital of Illinois , boasts of handsome residences and substantial business houses , and the old capitol buildings that, set ’ S oflicials back amongst stately trees , helter the county , and are landmarks . for the whole State . of of o The selection Vandalia as the capital the new State of Illin is , Kaskaskl a of after its removal from , is the subject a well authenticated of 1819 tale . The Board Commissioners , appointed in to select sites , so the story runs , followed the Kaskaskia River back from the Mississippi n w n f until they came to the spot where o Vandalia sits . Here o e o the party killed a deer and , with his fellow commissioners , stopped to cook t and eat it . So delighted were the par y with the surroundings at this particular spot that they decided the State House should be erected on the very ground where the deer had been slain . The State capital was 1839 removed to Springfield in . low Beyond Vandalia , , rounded hills dot the prairie land as far as the eye can reach , and the country is under good cultivation . This was once k the habitat of the Kaskas ia , a tribe of Indians who are now practically extinct . It is more than probable that members of a prehistoric race a lso inhabited this section , for near Collinsvill e station there may be plainly seen from the passing train one f two mounds , on either side of the track, which are in a good state o preservation .

OI L TANK FARM AT MARTIN S VILLE 73 u West from Collinsville , the railroad cuts thro gh the bluffs that line “ the Mississippi River, and , finally, comes down alongside the Father of ” Waters just before the East St . Louis yards begin .

E ast St . Louis , on the Mississippi directly opposite St . Louis , with — which it is connected by three bridges the Eads , the Merchants , and the — z n St . Louis bridge is one of the busiest cities of its si e in the U ited States . In addition to being the converging point for eighteen of the railroads n i . Ra a entering St Louis , which deliver their trai s here to the Terminal lro d one a running into the great Union Station across the river, it is of the l rgest - in U live stock distribution centers the nited States , and the most important Its horse and mule market in the world . manufactories are extensive wi and produce a de variety of goods .

St . ouis v f L , the western terminus of the Southwest Di ision o the ni of Pennsylva a System , with a population is the fourth city of the Union and the gateway to the Southwest , whose trade it controls in -

for . connection with Kansas City, its nearest rival this supremacy It to ranks next Chicago as a railroad center . w fouiided 14 1764 of . as St Louis February , by a party French under 1 4- -old S a year boy named Auguste Chouteau , who had been ent from N ew his - L i uest Orleans by step father , Pierre Laclede g , to establish a

of . trading post . The little village was named in honor of Louis IX France to n Unknown Louisiana province , Fra ce had already secretly ceded the to entire territory west of the Mississippi Spain , but the village continued 1770 French until formal possession was taken by Spain in , when the population numbered some thirty- three whites and seventeen colored 00 S . 18 laves Spanish domination lasted until , when by another secret treaty the vast Louisiana territory was secretly ceded by Spain back to

1803 . France , and sold in to the United States by Napoleon I The formal transfer of authority from France to the United States over Upper Louisi 9 1804 ana . took place at St Louis , March , , and it was the centennial of ’ 04 this event which was celebrated by the World s Fair of 19 .

The population of St . Louis at the time of the Louisiana Purchase was 1 000 300 n a about , whites and slaves and free egroes , but settlers sw rmed

O S S T . O S UNI N TATION, L UI 74

Columbus to Cincinnati

’ ‘ nsylvania System s through route to Cincinnati is the same

traversed by through St . Louis trains as far as Xenia ; it turns almost directly southwest through the deep gorge of the Little Miami River, nearly to the mouth of this stream in the

Ohio . As one leaves Xenia station the tracks make a steep descent through a picturesque glen in which tumbles Glady Stream , familiar to students For of the exploits of Daniel Boone . it was down this glen that Boone ns made his dash for freedom , after his escape from the India , on June

1 6, 1778 . of Six miles south Xenia , at Spring Valley, a most beautiful section of

- meadow land , the railroad curves into the canyon like valley of the Little 700 i Miami , a rapid tumbling stream which descends feet in eighty m les , or nine feet to the mile . This valley was one of the first to be occupied by a railroad line west of the n -~ lVI ountains Alleghe y , trains having been run through it early in the last century between Cincinnati , Xenia and Springfield . ort Ancient o - F , located just bey nd the twenty third mile post west of d' of Xenia, is suppose to be a relic of the prehistoric occupants the land

U . one now known as the nited States If looks up the hill , on the left S —foot—-hi h hand ide of the train going west, the irregular eight g walls of or this ancient fortification communal dwelling, for it is uncertain just m what it was built for , may be seen stretching for so e distance along the

230 . ridge , feet above the river M orrow Z is the junction point with the anesville Division . Beyond i Morrow, the railroad and the river turn toward the west, each still d sput t ing the way of the other through the narrow gorge . A Middletown Junction a branch line runs northwest for some ' miles through the hills to

Middletown , a prosperous city in a rich agricultural district, which was settled about 1794 Camp D ennison 1s noted as the spot where the Ohio troops rendez v voused diiring the war between the States . It recei ed its name from who of f Governor Dennison , was the chief executive the State o Ohio at that time . The frame buildings used as headquarters at that time are still standing and may be seen from passing trains . $ Between Clare and Rendcomb Junction the railroad leaves the valley of the Little Miami and curves westward into the valley of the Ohio . About five miles before the station in Cincinnati is reached what was once the Second oldest settlement in the Northwest ' Territory is trav r ed was o on 18 1788 e s . This the town f Columbia , where , November , , twenty- six hardy Pennsylvanians erected a blockhouse and laid out the town . Beyond Columbia the route lies along the steep banks of the Ohio at the foot of the high hills on which the greater part of the city of Cincinnati is built . Cincinnati , with a population of is the thirteenth city of the f o , , United States In point l population and next to Pittsburgh the largest city in the Ohio Valley .

c of of W ést . Histori ally, Cincinnati is one the early cities the Middle

. of who Major Benjamin Stites , Pennsylvania was engaged in the Indian 1786 campaign in Ohio , in , was so pleased with the scenery around the mouth of the Little Miami River that he decided to found a city there. The following year , Major Stites , with Judge John Cleves Symmes , a m of of a me ber Congress from New Jersey , obtained a grant the l nd on w 1788 which the city no stands from Congress and by , the little settle

76 ment had begun to grow . Settlers came from Kentucky , under the leader ship of Colonel Patterson and John Filson , who named the new settlement ill L osantiv e . 1790 With the coming of St . Clair as Territorial Governor , in , the name was changed to Cincinnati in honor of the then newly formed order of of new the Cincinnati , and as the location Fort Washington the town was for some years the center of activity in Ohio . With the starting of steamboat service on the Ohio in 181 1 Cincinnati of was became one the most noted stopping places for river steamers , and f also early noted for the number o Germans who settled there . During i one the Civ l War and the years preceding it, the city was of the stations “ ” on the underground railroad .

It is a hustling , busy city , with many and varied industrial interests . of Its prominent lines industry are clothing , shoes , and leather goods , woodworking machinery , lithography and printing , printing inks , whiskey and beer , pork and beef products , electrical supplies , decorative pottery ' m k f r a . ar et o and so p In raw materials , Cincinnati is a great cotton , hides , wool and lumber . a t The l nd adjacen to the river is low. The main business section of on e the city is built this narrow strip , xtending for several miles along the

. f of river front But rising abruptly behind this is a high blu f , the summit for which is crowned with fine residential sections , which extend several of miles over the hills north the city . ’ 214 Eden Park , the largest of the city s pleasure grounds , occupies f f acres on this elevated section o the city . The views o the river and the rolling farm lands of Kentucky to be obtained from this park are extensive and remarkably beautiful . The Art Museum , with its wonderful collection of paintings , sculpture , ceramics , and metal work , is located in Eden Park .

S Q E FOUNTAIN UAR , CINCINNATI 77 Cincinnati to Chicago

’ H E Pennsylvania System s through route between Chicago follows the same line for a little over six mi cinnati as that traversed by trains between Columb nati . At Rendcomb Junction , it turns north through the

on of rich agricultural district, lies the banks the Great of little over thirty miles north Cincinnati . General St . Clair 1 79 1 a fort here in , naming it Fort Hamilton in honor of Alexa ilton . Crossing from Ohiointo Indiana between Eaton and N ew tions , the railroad extends into R ichm ond , junction point with the through route between

of the Central Indi an Branch, is iron , steel and glass manu

people . N ewCastle is the county seat of Henry of people, who are largely engaged in s r implement , flour, pape boxes , iron and and furniture . Anderso county Seat and rece ive ' ’ a village here known as Anderson s town . and its leading manufactures are attachme costumes and insignia, electric roofing and automobiles .

' Elwood of , with a population in addition to being an auto a mobile center, manuf ctures lumber, flour, tin plate and glass products .

‘ Ko om o i the rich . k , on the Wildcat River, n the center of Indiana farm of lands , is a busy city population , noted for its manufacture of

un tions in . c o t automobiles , glass , pottery and other products It is the j p i with the through line between Louisv lle , Indianapolis and Logansport .

A little over twenty miles northwest of Kokomo, this line forms a junc c tion with the through line from Columbus by way of Bradford Jun tion . o Beyond , through passengers from Cincinnati traverse the same r ute to

- Chicago as already described in the Columbus Chicago section .

Indianapolis to Louisville

Louisville Division of the Pennsylvania System runs almost l ect y south from Indianapolis through a flat pastoral region , tered by the White River and its tributaries and shut off from “ ” - the Ohio River by The Knobs , a low lying range of hills that stretch f o . west from the valley the White The little stream , which the railroad crosses and recrosses many times between Franklin and Columbus , is

of . Driftwood Creek , a tributary the White River Columbu of s , the largest town in this part Indiana , is the headquarters r fo the farmers round about . It has a population of and its manu factures are largely those used by tillers of the soil . From Columbus , a branch line extends to M adi on of St s , a city about and an important eamer landing lVI dis on on . a the Ohio , as well as a manufacturing point , which was one e of of th early settlements , lies at the foot the steep hill , which encloses f o . the Ohio , and the railroad makes a very steep grade to get in and out it Following the East Fork of the White River from Columbus south the railroad parts company with it near Rockford Station . Beyond Seymour “ of one comes in sight The Knobs , and near Henryville is the Forest f Reserve of the State o Indiana . ’ eflersonvill e of J , across the river from Louisville , with a population old is a charming town , with large manufacturing interests , chiefly in car shops . Beyond Jeffersonville the railroad curves around to the southwest and crosses the Ohio on a long bridge , which was constructed after much tribulation by the sale of script issued by the State of Indiana . Louisville k , the terminus of the division and gateway to Kentuc y for the Pennsylvania System , has a population of It is the most

‘ ON E OF LOUIS VILLE S MAIN S TRE E TS

for important commercial city in the Blue Grass State , renowned its fine horses and beautiful women . A Louisville goes back before the merican Revolution . Captain Thomas of er v of Hutchins , the British Engine s , first isited the Falls the Ohio In 1766 f ‘ o . , when all this country was part of the territory Virginia His of f charming description the beauty o the country induced Dr . John 2 000 of — to Connolly to locate , acres land which he was entitled for mili on the south side of the

. 1774 Ohio , at its falls In , he and Colonel John Campbell had the town out for of laid and advertised lots sale , but no one bought on account the

Indian wars in the vicinity . Thus the town site sunk into oblivion . George Rogers Clark brought some twenty immigrant families down the wa river with him when on his y to capture old Kaskaskia , and left them 1 778 on an island in the river opposite Louisville in the early summer of .

79 Here they stayed until Clark had captured the French forts farther west n v h and put a stop to I dian marauding . Then they mo ed to the S ore m and Louisville beca e a town in fact as well as name .

- to . Louisville , day, is the largest tobacco market in the world ; and in - the production of fine , old Bourbon whiskey its sixty six distilleries

— . produce many, million gallons of the corn product every year One of the three largest agricultural implement manufactories in the world — factories t e of bOXes for h production sole leather, corduroy, jeans , organs , wagons , , ' a flour, canned goods , soap , terra cotta and tile , wooden w re , woolen “ di goods , white lead and paints , and other commo ties , make it one of leading markets in the Middle West .

Pennsylvania Railroad Passenger R epresentatives

OLI E R B OYD D V S O S S E E E T V T , , I I I N PA NG R AG N , cor 29th N ew Y rk Cit 263 F ifth A venue ( . o y

R OD E Y MACDON OUGH N E w E D S S E E R E N T N , NGLAN PA NG AG , M ss 5 B rom field S tr t B st n a . ee , o o ,

F B B R I Z D V S O S SE E E . . A N T , I I I N PA NG R AG NT , i h C st n t tr lad l ia a . 1539 S p , he u eet, Ph e P

D ICK J R DIVI S O S S E E E W M . E R P , I N PA NG R AG NT , M r Balti r and Calv rt S t r t s Balti r d . E . Co . N . mo e e ee , mo e,

E BUC DI VI S O S S E E E A . . HANAN , I N PA NG R AG NT, l a B ildin arrisb r a r g g . Te eg p h u , H u , P

DA ID ODD D VI S O S S E E E T V T , I I N PA NG R AG N , i lac W illia s rt Pa nt . ri p , T y P e, m o

S T LL D V S O S S E E E R OY L . , A , I I I N PA NG R AG NT

li r B ildin itt sb r a . R 212 O v g , g , oom , e u P u h P

B R D V S O SS E E R E T F R SE , . P . A , I I I N PA NG AG N - B a ildin B ffal R 602 604 risb n B g . Y . oom e u , u o, N

L B P E C L E UR OPE E KE R S , R . A PH H A , IA AN AG NT C l nial s L nd n E ng land o o Hou e, o o ,

A 0 4 13

80