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Jméno a Příjmení Autora: Dominik Rubeš

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Jméno a Příjmení Autora: Dominik Rubeš MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA V BRNĚ Přírodovědecká fakulta Paleontologické nálezy z lokality Hrádok Michal Seko Bakalárska práca Vedúca práce: RNDr. Nela Doláková, CSc. Brno 2009 © 2009 Michal Seko Všetky práva vyhradené Meno a priezvisko autora: Michal Seko Názov diplomovej (bakalárskej) práce: Paleontologické nálezy z lokality Hrádok Názov v angličtine: Paleontological findings from locality Hrádok Študijný program: Geológia Študijný odbor (smer), kombinácia oborov: Geológia Vedúca diplomovej (bakalárskej) práce: RNDr. Nela Doláková, CSc. Rok obhajoby: 2009 Anotácia v slovenčine V práci sú zhrnuté aktuálne poznatky o najkomplikovanejšej geologickej stavbe na Slovensku - bradlovom pásme. Zároveň obsahuje prehľad uskutočnených paleontologických výskumov vytipovaných lokalít regiónu stredného Považia s dôrazom na litostratigrafickú príbuznosť v rámci čorštynskej jednotky, ktorej súčasťou je pribrežný strednojurský krinoidový komplex - lokalita Hrádok. Následné spracovanie vlastných paleontologických nálezov z uvedenej lokality, ktoré je hlavnou témou práce priamo nadväzuje na doterajšie geologické a paleontologické výskumy a ponúka rozšírený pohľad na strednojurskú biocenózu uloženú v sedimentoch. Anotácia v angličtine Current knowledge and information on the most complicated geological formation in Slovakia – Pieniny Klippen Belt is summarized in this work. At the same time it contains an overview of the paleontological research of the selected localities of Middle Považie region, stressing the litostratigrafic affinity within the Czorsztyn Unit, where Middle Jurassic crinoidal shoal complex Hrádok at Hatné belongs. Ensuing processing of own paleontological findings from the given locality, which is the main topic of this work, directly relates to existing geological and paleontological studies and offers wider view on Middle Jurassic biocenosis in the sediments. Kľúčové slová v slovenčine: Bradlové pásmo, čorštynska jednotka, stredná jura, krinoidové vápence, fosílie Kľúčové slová v angličtine: Pieniny Klippen Belt, Czorsztyn Unit, middle Jurassic, crinoidal limestones, fossils Prehlasujem, že som túto prácu vypracoval samostatne. Všetku literatúru a ostatné pramene, z ktorých som pri príprave práce čerpal, riadne citujem a uvádzam v zozname použitej literatúry Súhlasím s požičiavaním práce v knižnici. .......................... Michal Seko Ďakujem vedúcej práce RNDr. Nele Dolákovej, CSc. za časté konzultácie a odborné vedenie pri vytváraní práce. Za odborné rady a poskytnuté informácie ďakujem Doc. Dr. Romanovi Aubrechtovi. Za pomoc pri determináciách fosílií ďakujem RNDr. Milošovi Siblíkovi, CSc., Doc. Ing. Šárke Hladilovej, CSc. a Mgr. Petrovi Ledvákovi. Obsah 1. Úvod………………………………………………………………....…… 9 2. Charakteristika bradlového pásma……………………………....……. 9 3. Regionálne členenie bradlového pásma………………………….……. 10 4. Litostratigrafia jednotiek bradlového pásma…………………….…… 11 4.1. Jednotky oravika (bradlové pásmo s.s.)…….…………………..... 12 Čorštynska jednotka.....................................……………………….... 12 Kysucko-pieninská jednotka..............................…………………….. 14 Nižňanská jednotka..................................………………………….... 16 Čertežická a pruská (niedzická) jednotka…..…….……………….... 16 Oravská jednotka…………………………….…………………….... 17 Streženická jednotka……………………………………………….... 17 4.2. Neoravické jednotky (pribradlová zóna) …..…………….……… 17 Drietomská a bošácka jednotka...................…………………...…..... 17 Manínska jednotka.......................................…………………....….... 18 Klapská jednotka.........................................…………………....….... 18 Kostelecká jednotka....................................………………….…….... 19 Haligovecká jednotka..................................………………….…….... 19 5. Prehľad fosílnej makrofauny vybraných lokalít čorštynskej jednotky bradlového pásma na strednom Považí ……………………….…….... 20 6. Pribrežný komplex krinoidových vápencov lokality Hrádok….……. 22 Geografická poloha lokality Hrádok.............…………………..….... 22 Geologické pomery lokality Hrádok...........……………………….... 23 7. Prehľad a spracovanie vlastných nálezov marinnej makrofauny lokality Hrádok …………………………………………………….….. 25 7.1. Vlastné nálezy fosílnej makrofauny....……….………………...... 25 7.2. Metodika……………………………....……………………….... 27 8. Diskusia……………………………………………………….……....… 27 9. Záver……………………………...…………………………….…….… 28 10. Zoznam použitej literatúry………………………………………....…. 29 11. Prílohy……………………………………………………………….…. 31 Systematické zaradenie nájdených fosílii.....…………………...….... 31 Obrazová dokumentácia...............................…………………...….... 34 1. Úvod Bradlové pásmo, ktoré z väčšej časti leží na Slovensku, predstavuje najkomplikovanejšiu zónu Západných Karpát, ktorá ponúka veľké množstvo smerov geologických výskumov napr. litostratigrafiu, tektoniku, sedimentológiu, paleontológiu alebo snahy o paleogeografické rekonštrukcie. Vo svojej práci som si vybral práve paleontológiu, pretože je mojou vášňou už veľa rokov. Úlohou mojej bakalárskej práce bolo spracovať dostupné literárne poznatky o geológii bradlového pásma na Slovensku. Sumarizovať paleontológiu vybraných lokalít stredného Považia. Vo vlastnej práci som sa zameral na geológiu a paleontologické nálezy zo strednojurskej lokality Hrádok. Uviedol som údaje o doterajších nálezoch a určil vlastné paleontologické zbery. 2. Charakteristika bradlového pásma Pieninské bradlové pásmo (pôvodne karpatské bradlové pásmo, pieninikum) sleduje oblúk karpatského horstva a tiahne sa pozdĺžnym smerom v dĺžke asi 600 km. Šírka Pieninského bradlového pásma je však veľmi malá, s hrúbkou iba niekoľko kilometrov. Pri Púchove dosahuje na priereze svoju najväčšiu hrúbku - približne 20 km (Andrusov, 1938b). Pomenovanie bradlové pásmo je odvodené od charakteristickej morfotektonickej črty, ktorou sú strmé bradlá tvorené jurskými a spodnokriedovými vápencami. Bradlá výrazne vyčnievajúce nad okolitý reliéf vystupujú spod mäkších slienitých až ílovitých sedimentov vrchnej kriedy a paleogénu. Hók et al. (2001). Pieninské bradlové pásmo ležiace severne od pásma jadrových pohorí je súčasťou Západných Karpát. Tvorí hranicu medzi externými a centrálnymi Západnými Karpatmi. V priestore Západných Karpát ide o tektonicky najkomplikovanejšiu zónu. Na rozdiel od ostatných zón Západných Karpát bolo Pieninské bradlové pásmo viacnásobne postihnuté tektonickými pochodmi. (Aubrecht, 2004). Z výsledkov geofyzikálnych výskumov, akými sú seizmika, gravimetria a geoelektrické metódy sa zistilo, že pozdĺž bradlového pásma sa tiahne aj dôležité vertikálne kôrové rozhranie zasahujúce MOHO diskontinuitu. (Máška & Zoubek, 1960). Pieninské bradlové pásmo, ktorého najzápadnejšie výskyty boli zastihnuté vrtmi pri obciach 9 Koválov, Bišťava a Letničie, sa vynára z podložia neogénnej výplne Viedenskej panvy pri Podbranči, následne pokračuje cez Myjavskú pahorkatinu, Považie, Biele Karpaty, Kysuce a Oravu, za hranice do Poľska (pohorie Pieniny). Z Pienin sa Bradlové pásmo tiahne na východné Slovensko, následne Ľubovnianskou vrchovinou, Čergovom a Beskydským predhorím, prechádza na Ukrajinu, cez ktorej územie zasahuje až do severného Rumunska (Poiana Boticei). Charakteristické pre Pieninské bradlové pásmo na slovenskom území je porušenie jeho smeru na Orave pri obci Zázrivá zázrivskou-párnickou sigmoidou. Okrem toho je súvislý pruh Pieninského bradlového pásma na našom území dvakrát prerušený, a to na Orave, kde sa vnára pod sedimenty oravsko-novotargskej panvy pri obci Trstená a na východnom Slovensku je prekryté terciérnymi vulkanitmi pohoria Vihorlat. (Aubrecht, 2004) Obr. 1 Schematická mapa základných tektonických jednotiek Západných Karpát (upravená podľa autorov Began a kol., 1983). 1 duklianska jednotka, 2 magurská jednotka, 3 bradlové pásmo (spolu s pribradlovým), 4 vnútorný pribradlový paleogén, 5 centrálnokarpatský paleogén, 6 paleozoikum a mezozoikum jednotiek centrálnych Západných Karpát, 7 neovulkanity 3. Regionálne členenie bradlového pásma Z pohľadu súčasnej geografie Schreibner (1967) rozčlenil bradlové pásmo na regionálne úseky. Sú nimi: rakúsky úsek, podbrančsko-trenčínsky úsek, púchovský úsek, varínsky úsek, oravský úsek, pieninský úsek, šarišský úsek, úsek pri Podhorodi, nasledujú úseky vystupujúce na Zakarpatskej Ukrajine - úsek pri Svaljave, úsek Dolného, úsek Lipče-Novoselice a posledným je úsek pri Poiana Boticei, ktorý 10 vystupuje v Rumunsku. Na Slovensku vystupujú úseky od podbrančsko-trenčínskeho až po úsek pri Podhorodi. Z hľadiska regionálneho členenia patrí lokalita Hrádok, na ktorej som uskutočnil terénny prieskum zameraný na zber fosílnej makrofauny do púchovského úseku bradlového pásma. 0 km 100 km Obr. 2 Regionálne a litostratigrafické členenie bradlového pásma (upravené podľa http://www.mount.cad.pl/pieniny/geologia/hist/prawa/pps-zach/pps-zach.htm). 4. Litostratigrafia jednotiek bradlového pásma Značné skrátenie kôry a zblíženie tektonických jednotiek bradlového pásma zaraďuje paleogeografickú rekonštrukciu bradlového pásma medzi veľmi náročné a len ťažko zodpovedateľné úlohy, ktoré už celé desaťročia predstavujú predmet výskumu rôznych geológov. Súčasný stav poznatkov umožňuje vyčleniť 9 jednotiek oravika (bradlové pásmo s.s.). Medzi jednotky oravika patria: čorstynska, niedzická, pruská, čertežická, kysucká, pieninská, oravská, nižňanská, streženická, jednotka Fodorky = jednotka Grajcarka. Tieto boli pôvodnou integrálnou súčasťou bradlového pásma. Sedimentárnu náplň výrazne ovplyvnili jurské riftové procesy, kedy na staršej triasovej platforme zloženej z karbonátov došlo k diferenciácii oceánskeho
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