Tuvalu - Funafuti 2021 Tide Predictions Calendar Climate and Oceans Support Program in the Pacific

A Pacific Islands Program supported by the Australian Government Tuvalu - Funafuti

Paara Fualefeke Mulitefala

Te Afualiku Amatuku

Tengako Tepuka Tide Gauge Location Fualopa

Fualopa

Fuafatu Fongafale Te Namo

Fatato Vasafua Funamanu Papa Elise

Fuagea Fale Fatu

Tefala Mateiko

Falaolgo Funafala FUNAFUTI Tutanga Tengasu Tefota Teafuafou Telele Awalau Motuloa Motugie

Meteorological and seasonal effects 10 highest tides for 2021 10 lowest tides for 2021 Tide predictions are based on the effects Date Time Height (m) Date Time Height (m) of the gravitational forces exerted by the 28-Apr 5:30 3.21 5-Nov 23:22 1.02 moon, the sun, and the rotation of the earth, as well as average seasonal changes. 29-Mar 17:31 3.2 24-Jul 11:24 1.03 The actual tide height will be a combination 27-Apr 4:49 3.19 4-Dec 23:13 1.03 of these effects and the weather conditions 28-May 16:52 3.19 25-Jun 11:33 1.04 at the time. The effects of the weather are not included in tide predictions. 28-Feb 17:53 3.19 27-May 11:39 1.04 30-Mar 5:53 3.18 4-Nov 22:38 1.04 4-Dec 16:46 3.18 26-May 10:50 1.04

5-Nov 17:01 3.17 7-Oct 11:15 1.04 Map courtesy of the Pacific Community. Some rights reserved. 27-Feb 17:15 3.17 27-Apr 11:04 1.05 Front cover photo courtesy of Gary Lee. 5-Dec 17:34 3.15 25-Jul 12:07 1.05 Some rights reserved. Tides and Extreme Tide Events

What causes tides? What are king tides? Tides are the daily rise and fall of sea levels, caused The term king tide is commonly used to describe an mainly by the gravitational pull of the moon as it revolves especially high spring tide. King tides occur a few times around the earth. Tides are also affected by the earth’s every year, when the gravitational pull of the sun and rotation and the gravitational pull of the sun. moon upon the earth is strongest. This happens when the moon is closest to the earth in its monthly orbit. When this coincides with a spring tide, it will produce an especially high tide, or king tide. In the Paciﬁc, the highest king tides often occur during the months from November to March, when the earth is also closest to the sun in its annual orbit.

What do I need to know about king tides? King tides are a natural part of the tidal cycle and are Figure 1. Low and high tide in Suva, Fiji. Photo: Molly Powers-Tora (201 8). predictable. A king tide can cause coastal flooding, even on a clear, sunny day. What are spring tides and neap tides? When king tides coincide with cyclones, floods or storms, water levels can rise significantly, potentially Spring and neap tides are part of the normal tidal cycle causing damage to property and the coastline. The and occur regularly, usually twice per month. actual height reached by a king tide will depend on the Spring tides are very high tides and very low tides that local weather and ocean conditions on the day. occur during full and new moon phases, when the It is also important to know that king tides have always gravitational forces of the sun and moon combine to occurred and are not a result of sea level rise. exert a stronger pull on the oceans. During the moon’s quarter phases each month, the sun and moon are at right angles, and the gravitational forces cancel each other out, resulting in lower high tides and higher low tides called neap tides.

Figure 3. Strong southeasterly winds and currents combine to create higher than normal tides in Levuka, Fiji. Photo: Molly Powers-Tora (2013). Figure 2. Spring and neap tides occur every month and correspond with the phases of the moon. Source: www.moononly.com

Climate and Oceans Support program in the Pacific Tides and Extreme Tide Events

How are tides predicted? Why are some tides higher or lower The time and approximate heights of tides are very than predicted? predictable. They follow the laws of physics and can be Tide levels can vary from predicted levels for a number of calculated with mathematical formulas. reasons, including: By observing and recording tides at a single location over 1. Geography: The shape of bays and other coastal many years, we can gain a better understanding of tides geography can magnify or otherwise influence water and sea level changes over time. levels. The Pacific Sea Level and Geodetic Monitoring Project 2. Weather: Wind speed and direction, air temperature, has been recording sea level and weather statistics at barometric pressure and other weather conditions can 13 Pacific countries for more than 25 years. greatly affect water levels. These observations tell a story about the sea levels at 3. Waves: Both nearby and faraway events such as these locations, such as: How high was the highest tide storms, landslides and earthquakes can create large in Apia? What effect does El Niño have on sea levels in waves that lead to coastal flooding. Kiribati? All of this information is also used to verify and 4. Climate drivers: El Niño or La Niña conditions in the improve tide predictions. Pacific can raise or lower sea level by as much as 50 cm. 5. Sea-level rise: Through assessing observations and research, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that global average sea levels have been rising at a rate of about 3 mm per year since 1993. Levels were 225 mm higher in 2012 compared to 1880. Sea-level rise can contribute to higher tides, but the rates are not the same at all locations.

Figure 4. Technicians working on the recently-refurbished Cook Figure 5. Predicted vs actual sea level at the Apia tide gauge Islands tide gauge, which has been monitoring sea level and Samoa, 3 May 2018. weather conditions in Rarotonga for over 25 years. Photo: Stamy Criticos (2012).

The Pacific Sea Level and Geodetic Monitoring Project provides sea level and meteorological information for 13 countries and tide predictions for 20 locations in the Pacific region. It is an important resource for those involved in disaster mitigation and adaptation planning, coastal development, and the shipping, fishing and tourism industries.

To access tide calendars, wave and weather maps, and climate data for your location visit: www.bom.gov.au/pacific/index.shtml For Real-Time Display of tide gauge data, visit: http://www.bom.gov.au/cosppac/rtdd/q1c7o0hj48yu/

© Commonwealth of Australia 2014 0047 1.08 0134 1.08 0220 1.09 6 0635 0.56 7 0724 0.57 8 0815 0.57 9 1248 1.14 1337 1.13 1425 1.12 Tides and Sea Level 1919for 0.50 Coastal2006 0.50 2051 0.51 1.5m Development and1m Safe Navigation

0.5m

What is a Tide Datum? 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 A Tide Datum is a fixed level against which sea level 0552 1.23 0020 0.45 0114 0.42 can be measured in a given location. A tide station 13 1212 0.44 14 0642 1.28 15 0733 1.33 16 datum was established when the sea level monitoring 1815 1.19 1304 0.38 1400 0.34 1908 1.21 2003 1.23 station featured in this calendar was first installed. The MSL tide predictions in this calendar are all relative to Tide Prediction Datum. 1.5m NEAP RANGE SPRING RANGE Why do we need a Tide Datum? 1m Tide records must be referenced to a common datum 0.5m to ensure consistency. This is important if the tide CHARTED CD DEPTH gauges are moved or in the event they are damaged or 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 destroyed. In this case, tide readings from replacement gauges can be referenced to the same datum as Figure 1. How0000 does THIS...... 1.24 relate0100 to THIS? 1.24 0158 1.24 before and continue to contribute to our understanding 20 0603 0.40 21 0704 0.41 22 0805 0.42 23 of tides. 1220 1.32 1321 1.29 1423 1.27 1846 0.31 1945 0.33 2043 0.35 What is the relationship between tides 1.5mand sea level? 1mWhen the range of highest and lowest tides are averaged over a long period (usually at least 19 years), we can establish 0.5mMean Sea Level. Mean Sea Level (MSL) is an important reference level, as all heights on land are measured in metres or 0feet above 6 12 mean18 sea level 0 as 6 in Figu12 re 182. 0 6 12 18 0 All sea level monitoring stations are tide gauges, but not all 0007 0.44 0054 0.46 0139 0.47 tide 27gauges 0625can accurately 1.24 28 measu0711re changes 1.24 in 29sea level.0755 1.22 30 The Pacific 1248Sea Level 0.41 and Geodetic1336 Monitoring 0.41 stations1422 0.40 include specialised1857 1.16weather, ocean,1943 and 1.13land monitoring2027 1.11 sensors that have been operating since 1991, allowing us to measure the extent to which sea level is affected by natural 1.5m Figure 2. An elevation sign from Tarawa, Kiribati variability and man-made climate change at those locations. Photo: Wandering Ken, 2011. 1m Who uses this information? 0.5m

Makers of maps and nautical charts, land surveyors, and geospatial 0 specialists 6 12 need18 this 0information 6 12 to ensu18re the 0 accuracy 6 12 18 0 of their maps and charts. Coastal developers need it as well, to ensure roads, bridges, wharfs, sea walls, buildings and other infrastructure are built at an appropriate height above sea level. It is especially important for the safety of navigation in ports and coastalHighest areas, so tide ships of canthe avoidmonth running aground. TheNew moon depths marked on a nautical chart are in relation to a Chart Datum. Every chart indicates the datum to which it refers, as in Figure 3. Lowest tide of the month First quarter Full moon Depths in metres (under thirty-ones in metres and decimetLastres) quarter reduced to Chart Datum which is approximately Lowest Astronomical Tide

Tide gauge zero is Lowest Astronomical Tide

This work is licensed under the Creative Figure 3. A nautical chart of Avatiu Harbor in Rarogtonga, Cook Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence. Please attribute Islands. Zooming into the key, we can see Chart Datum for this the work to Land Information New Zealand and abide by the other license terms. chart is about the same as Lowest Astronomical Tide. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/3.0/nz How do the predicted water levels on this calendar relate to chart depths in my country? How do the predicted water levels on this calendar relate to chart depths in The tide predictions inin this calendar are not intended to be used directly with hydrographic charts, as the prediction datum andmy hyd country?rographic chart datum may not coincide. However, the tidal levels listed below are provided to help put the tide pTherredictionstide predictions into contextin this forcalendar use witha otherre not information.intended to be used directly with hydrographic charts, as the prediction datum and hydrographic chart datum may not coincide. However, the tidal levels listed below are provided to help put the tide predictions into context for use with other information.

FunafutiFor example, the diagram below shows the predicted heights of key tide components based on averages of the data Theavailable. diagram below shows the predicted heights of key tide components based on averages of the data available.

The diagram below shows the predicted heights of key tide components based on averages of the data available.

Benchmark

Land Reference datum Benchmark Land Reference datum BM22 4.0123m Tide GaugeGauge Sea levellevel station station Benchmark (SSBM) (SSBM) Land Reference datum Tide Gauge Sea level station Benchmark (SSBM) Highest AstronomicalAstronomical Tide Tide (HAT) (HAT) HATHAT 3.310m Highest Astronomical Tide (HAT) HAT Mean SeaSea Level Level (MSL) (MSL) MSLMSL 2.053m Mean Sea Level (MSL) MSL *Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) *Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) LAT LAT 0.893m *Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) LAT *Tide GaugeGauge Zero Zero (TGZ) (TGZ) TGZ TGZ 0m *Tide Gauge Zero (TGZ) TGZ

Useful Tide DefinitionsDefinitions The water levels to the left are calculated using actual observations/data over many years. Useful Tide Definitions HighestThe water Ast levelsronomical to the left Tideare calculated using actual observations/data over many years. The highest tide level predicted over 19 years under normal weather conditions Highest Astronomical Tide MeanThe highest Sea tideLevel level predicted over 19 years under normal weather conditions The average level of the sea surface over a period of time (preferably at least 19 years) Mean Sea Level LowestThe average Ast levelronomical of the sea Tide surface over a period of time (preferably at least 19 years) The lowest tide level predicted over 19 years under normal weather conditions Lowest Astronomical Tide TideThe lowest Gauge tide Ze levelro predicted over 19 years under normal weather conditions The datum of sea level observations measured by a tide gauge Tide Gauge Zero PTherediction datum of Datum sea level observations measured by a tide gauge The datum of tide predictions and tidal levels listed in this tide calendar Prediction Datum The datum of tide predictionsFor mo andrre information tidal levels listed aboutabout in thisTideTide tide DatumDatum calendar andand SeaSea LevelLevel Monitoring,Monitoring, you can email: [email protected] or [email protected] For more information about Tide Datum and Sea Level Monitoring, you can email: [email protected] or [email protected]

Climate and Oceans Support program in the Pacific TIDAL PREDICTIONS FOR TUVALU - FUNAFUTI

JANUARY 2021 Local Standard Time

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

0034 1.18 0011 1.27 0050 1.29 31 0639 2.84 1 0615 2.64 2 0655 2.63 1237 1.32 1205 1.42 1246 1.46 1850 3.05 1822 2.91 1903 2.88

3m 3m 2m 2m 1m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0132 1.34 0218 1.40 0312 1.48 0414 1.54 0522 1.57 0017 2.54 0131 2.56 3 0739 2.60 4 0830 2.57 5 0930 2.55 6 1041 2.56 7 1155 2.61 8 0633 1.56 9 0738 1.51 1332 1.52 1426 1.60 1530 1.66 1645 1.69 1808 1.66 1303 2.71 1403 2.82 1948 2.81 2039 2.73 2141 2.63 2256 2.56 1925 1.57 2030 1.44

3m 2m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0236 2.62 0331 2.69 0421 2.74 0506 2.77 0548 2.77 0024 1.17 0102 1.25 10 0836 1.44 11 0928 1.37 12 1015 1.32 13 1100 1.30 14 1142 1.32 15 0629 2.74 16 0706 2.68 1457 2.94 1546 3.03 1633 3.08 1717 3.10 1759 3.06 1222 1.37 1301 1.45 2127 1.31 2215 1.20 2301 1.14 2344 1.13 1838 2.99 1915 2.88

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0138 1.36 0215 1.48 0252 1.59 0336 1.69 0434 1.77 0551 1.81 0108 2.29 17 0744 2.61 18 0822 2.54 19 0905 2.46 20 1001 2.41 21 1117 2.39 22 1238 2.42 23 0706 1.79 1340 1.55 1419 1.67 1506 1.77 1608 1.86 1737 1.89 1910 1.84 1341 2.50 1951 2.75 2028 2.61 2111 2.48 2209 2.36 2336 2.29 2015 1.73

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0214 2.34 0301 2.42 0340 2.51 0415 2.60 0450 2.69 0525 2.76 0601 2.81 24 0804 1.72 25 0849 1.64 26 0928 1.55 27 1004 1.46 28 1041 1.39 29 1117 1.33 30 1157 1.31 1429 2.60 1509 2.71 1545 2.81 1621 2.91 1657 3.00 1733 3.06 1811 3.07 2102 1.61 2140 1.49 2214 1.38 2247 1.29 2322 1.22 2357 1.18

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

© Highest tide of the month New moon Copyright: Commonwealth of Australia 2020, Bureau of Meteorology Disclaimer: These tide predictions are supplied in good faith and are Lowest tide of the month First quarter believed to be correct. They are not necessarily related to Full moon a local hydrographic chart datum. No warranty is given in respect to errors, omissions, or Last quarter suitability for any purpose.

Tide gauge zero is 4.0123 metres below BM22 TIDAL PREDICTIONS FOR TUVALU - FUNAFUTI

FEBRUARY 2021 Local Standard Time

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

0113 1.23 0154 1.31 0239 1.42 0332 1.54 0439 1.65 0604 1.71 1 0720 2.83 2 0804 2.78 3 0855 2.72 4 0958 2.65 5 1117 2.61 6 1244 2.65 1320 1.38 1408 1.47 1503 1.58 1614 1.67 1745 1.71 1920 1.65 1932 2.96 2017 2.84 2111 2.68 2221 2.52 2356 2.43

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0130 2.44 0242 2.53 0335 2.64 0419 2.73 0458 2.80 0532 2.84 0001 1.20 7 0729 1.67 8 0836 1.58 9 0929 1.47 10 1013 1.38 11 1052 1.32 12 1129 1.31 13 0605 2.84 1358 2.74 1456 2.86 1545 2.97 1628 3.05 1706 3.08 1742 3.07 1202 1.33 2034 1.52 2129 1.37 2214 1.26 2253 1.19 2329 1.17 1815 3.02

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0031 1.26 0100 1.35 0129 1.45 0158 1.55 0230 1.66 0310 1.77 0414 1.87 14 0635 2.81 15 0704 2.75 16 0734 2.68 17 0806 2.60 18 0845 2.51 19 0939 2.43 20 1108 2.38 1235 1.40 1306 1.48 1338 1.58 1414 1.69 1500 1.79 1607 1.88 1801 1.90 1845 2.93 1914 2.81 1944 2.68 2015 2.54 2057 2.40 2203 2.27

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0009 2.21 0149 2.27 0244 2.39 0323 2.52 0357 2.66 0430 2.80 0504 2.92 21 0600 1.90 22 0731 1.84 23 0829 1.73 24 0911 1.60 25 0948 1.46 26 1025 1.34 27 1102 1.24 1251 2.42 1400 2.53 1447 2.67 1526 2.82 1602 2.96 1639 3.08 1715 3.17 1944 1.81 2040 1.67 2118 1.53 2153 1.39 2226 1.26 2300 1.16 2335 1.11

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0540 3.01 28 1142 1.19 1753 3.19

3m 2m

0 6 12 18

Tide gauge zero is 4.0123 metres below BM22 TIDAL PREDICTIONS FOR TUVALU - FUNAFUTI

MARCH 2021 Local Standard Time

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

0011 1.10 0048 1.16 0128 1.26 0211 1.41 0300 1.59 0410 1.74 1 0617 3.04 2 0657 3.03 3 0739 2.95 4 0827 2.83 5 0927 2.70 6 1052 2.59 1222 1.19 1304 1.26 1351 1.37 1445 1.52 1555 1.66 1736 1.73 1832 3.14 1913 3.03 1958 2.85 2050 2.65 2203 2.45 2355 2.35

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0554 1.82 0142 2.40 0246 2.53 0331 2.66 0407 2.77 0439 2.84 0509 2.89 7 1234 2.59 8 0733 1.76 9 0838 1.63 10 0925 1.50 11 1003 1.40 12 1038 1.34 13 1109 1.31 1924 1.67 1356 2.68 1453 2.81 1537 2.92 1615 2.99 1647 3.03 1718 3.02 2034 1.53 2122 1.40 2200 1.30 2233 1.25 2303 1.23 2331 1.25

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0536 2.90 0602 2.89 0023 1.36 0048 1.44 0115 1.53 0143 1.64 0216 1.75 14 1139 1.32 15 1208 1.36 16 0629 2.85 17 0655 2.79 18 0723 2.70 19 0756 2.61 20 0838 2.50 1746 2.98 1814 2.90 1236 1.43 1306 1.51 1339 1.60 1417 1.71 1512 1.81 2358 1.29 1841 2.80 1908 2.68 1939 2.55 2015 2.41 2110 2.27

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0306 1.87 0447 1.95 0115 2.25 0215 2.39 0254 2.56 0329 2.74 0403 2.91 21 0945 2.40 22 1146 2.38 23 0652 1.90 24 0800 1.77 25 0845 1.60 26 0925 1.43 27 1003 1.28 1650 1.88 1855 1.82 1320 2.48 1415 2.64 1458 2.81 1536 2.98 1614 3.11 2306 2.19 2003 1.69 2045 1.53 2122 1.38 2156 1.24 2231 1.13

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0438 3.05 0515 3.15 0553 3.18 0023 1.14 28 1043 1.16 29 1123 1.09 30 1204 1.10 31 0634 3.14 1652 3.19 1731 3.20 1813 3.12 1249 1.17 2307 1.07 2345 1.07 1856 2.97

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18

Tide gauge zero is 4.0123 metres below BM22 TIDAL PREDICTIONS FOR TUVALU - FUNAFUTI

APRIL 2021 Local Standard Time

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

0103 1.27 0148 1.45 0242 1.64 1 0717 3.03 2 0806 2.87 3 0908 2.70 1337 1.31 1433 1.47 1549 1.63 1944 2.78 2041 2.56 2204 2.38

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0359 1.80 0002 2.33 0136 2.42 0232 2.55 0312 2.67 0344 2.77 0413 2.84 4 1038 2.57 5 0552 1.85 6 0728 1.76 7 0827 1.64 8 0910 1.52 9 0945 1.43 10 1017 1.37 1734 1.69 1223 2.56 1343 2.64 1436 2.74 1517 2.83 1552 2.88 1622 2.91 1914 1.63 2016 1.52 2100 1.43 2135 1.36 2205 1.32 2232 1.30

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0440 2.89 0506 2.91 0531 2.90 0557 2.87 0014 1.45 0041 1.53 0110 1.62 11 1046 1.34 12 1115 1.33 13 1143 1.35 14 1212 1.39 15 0624 2.82 16 0652 2.74 17 0725 2.64 1651 2.90 1718 2.86 1745 2.80 1814 2.72 1242 1.45 1315 1.52 1353 1.62 2259 1.31 2324 1.34 2348 1.39 1843 2.62 1915 2.50 1953 2.38

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0145 1.72 0235 1.83 0406 1.91 0025 2.27 0130 2.42 0215 2.60 0254 2.79 18 0805 2.54 19 0906 2.44 20 1048 2.40 21 0604 1.88 22 0720 1.75 23 0812 1.58 24 0857 1.40 1445 1.72 1607 1.79 1757 1.77 1230 2.47 1334 2.62 1422 2.78 1505 2.93 2048 2.27 2227 2.21 1912 1.65 2001 1.51 2043 1.36 2121 1.22

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0331 2.97 0410 3.11 0449 3.19 0530 3.21 0000 1.17 0045 1.31 25 0939 1.23 26 1021 1.11 27 1104 1.05 28 1149 1.05 29 0615 3.15 30 0702 3.02 1546 3.05 1628 3.10 1711 3.08 1756 2.99 1237 1.13 1330 1.26 2159 1.12 2238 1.08 2318 1.09 1844 2.84 1937 2.66

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18

© Highest tide of the month New moon Copyright: Commonwealth of Australia 2020, Bureau of Meteorology Disclaimer: These tide predictions are supplied in good faith and are Lowest tide of the month First quarter believed to be correct. They are not necessarily related to Highest tide of the year Full moon a local hydrographic chart datum. No warranty is given in respect to errors, omissions, or Last quarter suitability for any purpose.

Tide gauge zero is 4.0123 metres below BM22 TIDAL PREDICTIONS FOR TUVALU - FUNAFUTI

MAY 2021 Local Standard Time

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

0126 1.45 0225 1.58 0134 1.47 30 0746 2.84 31 0845 2.69 1 0755 2.86 1421 1.32 1525 1.44 1430 1.41 2033 2.48 2143 2.40 2041 2.49

3m 3m 2m 2m 1m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0233 1.64 0354 1.77 0534 1.80 0105 2.43 0200 2.53 0240 2.63 0313 2.71 2 0900 2.68 3 1023 2.56 4 1155 2.52 5 0700 1.74 6 0800 1.65 7 0844 1.55 8 0920 1.48 1545 1.54 1715 1.61 1839 1.59 1311 2.56 1405 2.62 1447 2.68 1523 2.71 2204 2.37 2345 2.35 1940 1.54 2024 1.48 2100 1.43 2130 1.40

3m 2m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0342 2.78 0410 2.82 0436 2.85 0503 2.85 0531 2.83 0600 2.79 0017 1.51 9 0953 1.41 10 1023 1.37 11 1053 1.35 12 1122 1.34 13 1152 1.35 14 1224 1.39 15 0632 2.73 1555 2.73 1625 2.72 1654 2.70 1723 2.66 1753 2.60 1826 2.53 1300 1.45 2159 1.38 2225 1.38 2252 1.39 2318 1.41 2347 1.45 1901 2.45

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0051 1.59 0131 1.67 0226 1.76 0345 1.81 0516 1.79 0039 2.45 0131 2.62 16 0708 2.65 17 0752 2.57 18 0849 2.49 19 1009 2.45 20 1136 2.49 21 0634 1.69 22 0735 1.54 1340 1.52 1431 1.60 1540 1.65 1702 1.65 1815 1.58 1247 2.58 1344 2.70 1945 2.37 2040 2.30 2200 2.27 2330 2.32 1913 1.47 2000 1.36

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0216 2.79 0300 2.95 0344 3.07 0428 3.14 0514 3.14 0602 3.09 0033 1.32 23 0827 1.37 24 0915 1.22 25 1002 1.11 26 1050 1.04 27 1139 1.04 28 1230 1.10 29 0652 2.98 1434 2.81 1521 2.89 1608 2.92 1656 2.90 1745 2.83 1837 2.72 1323 1.20 2045 1.25 2129 1.17 2213 1.14 2258 1.15 2344 1.22 1932 2.60

3m 2m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

Tide gauge zero is 4.0123 metres below BM22 TIDAL PREDICTIONS FOR TUVALU - FUNAFUTI

JUNE 2021 Local Standard Time

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

0334 1.68 0453 1.74 0014 2.40 0113 2.46 0159 2.53 1 0954 2.56 2 1108 2.48 3 0612 1.73 4 0718 1.68 5 0811 1.61 1634 1.53 1745 1.57 1221 2.45 1322 2.46 1412 2.49 2300 2.37 1847 1.58 1937 1.55 2018 1.52

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0236 2.61 0310 2.67 0341 2.72 0411 2.76 0442 2.77 0513 2.78 0545 2.76 6 0853 1.53 7 0930 1.46 8 1002 1.40 9 1034 1.35 10 1106 1.32 11 1139 1.31 12 1213 1.32 1452 2.52 1528 2.53 1601 2.55 1634 2.55 1707 2.54 1740 2.52 1815 2.49 2054 1.49 2126 1.46 2156 1.44 2226 1.42 2257 1.42 2330 1.44

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0004 1.47 0042 1.51 0126 1.57 0218 1.63 0322 1.67 0436 1.68 0552 1.62 13 0621 2.73 14 0700 2.68 15 0744 2.63 16 0834 2.58 17 0937 2.53 18 1049 2.51 19 1202 2.53 1250 1.36 1330 1.41 1417 1.46 1513 1.51 1615 1.53 1722 1.51 1825 1.47 1854 2.45 1936 2.41 2027 2.38 2129 2.38 2239 2.41 2348 2.49

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0049 2.61 0145 2.75 0235 2.88 0326 2.98 0415 3.04 0504 3.06 0553 3.03 20 0701 1.52 21 0803 1.39 22 0900 1.25 23 0952 1.14 24 1043 1.06 25 1133 1.04 26 1222 1.06 1310 2.58 1410 2.64 1505 2.69 1558 2.73 1649 2.74 1740 2.72 1830 2.68 1922 1.40 2015 1.33 2107 1.26 2157 1.22 2245 1.21 2334 1.23

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0024 1.29 0113 1.38 0204 1.48 0258 1.59 27 0642 2.95 28 0730 2.84 29 0819 2.71 30 0911 2.57 1311 1.14 1400 1.25 1449 1.37 1541 1.49 1919 2.61 2009 2.53 2102 2.45 2200 2.39

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18

Tide gauge zero is 4.0123 metres below BM22 TIDAL PREDICTIONS FOR TUVALU - FUNAFUTI

JULY 2021 Local Standard Time

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

0359 1.68 0508 1.73 0011 2.38 1 1008 2.44 2 1115 2.35 3 0624 1.73 1637 1.58 1738 1.63 1227 2.31 2305 2.36 1839 1.65

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0110 2.43 0159 2.49 0239 2.56 0316 2.62 0350 2.68 0425 2.73 0459 2.77 4 0731 1.68 5 0825 1.60 6 0908 1.51 7 0945 1.42 8 1019 1.35 9 1052 1.29 10 1126 1.26 1331 2.31 1424 2.34 1507 2.38 1545 2.42 1620 2.46 1654 2.49 1728 2.52 1932 1.62 2018 1.58 2058 1.54 2133 1.49 2208 1.44 2242 1.41 2317 1.38

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0534 2.79 0610 2.80 0032 1.40 0115 1.43 0202 1.48 0257 1.54 0401 1.58 11 1200 1.24 12 1236 1.25 13 0648 2.78 14 0729 2.74 15 0814 2.67 16 0906 2.59 17 1010 2.50 1803 2.54 1841 2.55 1315 1.28 1356 1.32 1442 1.38 1534 1.44 1634 1.50 2354 1.38 1920 2.54 2004 2.53 2055 2.51 2155 2.51 2303 2.52

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0517 1.59 0015 2.58 0123 2.67 0223 2.78 0318 2.88 0409 2.97 0457 3.01 18 1127 2.44 19 0638 1.54 20 0752 1.43 21 0856 1.29 22 0950 1.17 23 1039 1.07 24 1124 1.03 1744 1.52 1247 2.43 1400 2.47 1502 2.55 1557 2.63 1645 2.69 1730 2.72 1854 1.50 2000 1.44 2058 1.36 2150 1.28 2239 1.23 2325 1.21

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0542 3.01 0009 1.24 0051 1.30 0131 1.40 0214 1.52 0300 1.63 0356 1.72 25 1207 1.05 26 0624 2.96 27 0704 2.86 28 0743 2.72 29 0821 2.57 30 0902 2.43 31 0957 2.29 1813 2.71 1247 1.11 1326 1.21 1403 1.34 1441 1.47 1522 1.58 1613 1.68 1854 2.68 1933 2.61 2013 2.53 2054 2.45 2145 2.38 2250 2.33

3m 2m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

Tide gauge zero is 4.0123 metres below BM22 TIDAL PREDICTIONS FOR TUVALU - FUNAFUTI

AUGUST 2021 Local Standard Time

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

0515 1.77 0009 2.33 0118 2.38 0213 2.46 0256 2.56 0333 2.65 0408 2.74 1 1115 2.20 2 0646 1.75 3 0800 1.66 4 0850 1.55 5 0929 1.44 6 1002 1.34 7 1035 1.26 1723 1.74 1249 2.18 1401 2.22 1452 2.30 1530 2.38 1605 2.46 1638 2.55 1842 1.74 1947 1.68 2036 1.61 2116 1.52 2153 1.44 2228 1.36

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0443 2.82 0516 2.88 0552 2.92 0017 1.26 0058 1.29 0142 1.36 0232 1.45 8 1107 1.19 9 1140 1.15 10 1214 1.14 11 0629 2.90 12 0708 2.85 13 0750 2.74 14 0839 2.60 1710 2.62 1744 2.68 1818 2.72 1249 1.17 1328 1.23 1409 1.32 1456 1.43 2302 1.30 2339 1.26 1856 2.73 1937 2.71 2022 2.66 2117 2.59

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0335 1.54 0457 1.60 0633 1.57 0116 2.60 0223 2.72 0316 2.84 0403 2.94 15 0941 2.45 16 1107 2.33 17 1247 2.32 18 0757 1.45 19 0859 1.31 20 0946 1.18 21 1029 1.09 1556 1.55 1715 1.62 1845 1.62 1408 2.40 1507 2.52 1554 2.63 1635 2.73 2229 2.53 2355 2.53 2001 1.53 2100 1.42 2148 1.30 2230 1.23

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0445 3.00 0523 3.00 0558 2.95 0022 1.27 0056 1.36 0130 1.46 0207 1.58 22 1107 1.05 23 1142 1.07 24 1215 1.13 25 0631 2.85 26 0702 2.72 27 0733 2.58 28 0806 2.43 1713 2.78 1747 2.79 1820 2.77 1245 1.23 1315 1.34 1345 1.46 1415 1.58 2310 1.19 2347 1.21 1852 2.71 1922 2.63 1955 2.54 2031 2.44

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0252 1.68 0400 1.77 0553 1.79 29 0848 2.28 30 0957 2.15 31 1207 2.10 1454 1.70 1557 1.80 1745 1.84 2124 2.35 2249 2.29

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18

Tide gauge zero is 4.0123 metres below BM22 TIDAL PREDICTIONS FOR TUVALU - FUNAFUTI

SEPTEMBER 2021 Local Standard Time

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

0034 2.31 0145 2.41 0233 2.53 0312 2.66 1 0732 1.70 2 0828 1.58 3 0905 1.45 4 0938 1.33 1345 2.17 1435 2.28 1512 2.41 1543 2.54 1921 1.78 2017 1.67 2059 1.54 2134 1.42

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0345 2.79 0419 2.91 0454 2.99 0529 3.02 0606 2.99 0038 1.18 0122 1.26 5 1008 1.22 6 1039 1.14 7 1112 1.08 8 1145 1.06 9 1220 1.10 10 0645 2.90 11 0728 2.75 1614 2.67 1645 2.78 1717 2.87 1752 2.92 1829 2.92 1258 1.19 1338 1.32 2208 1.30 2243 1.21 2319 1.15 2357 1.14 1909 2.87 1954 2.77

3m 2m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0214 1.39 0318 1.53 0453 1.62 0643 1.57 0118 2.58 0221 2.71 0309 2.83 12 0817 2.56 13 0926 2.37 14 1113 2.26 15 1305 2.30 16 0800 1.44 17 0852 1.31 18 0933 1.20 1426 1.48 1529 1.64 1707 1.74 1855 1.70 1416 2.43 1503 2.58 1542 2.70 2048 2.64 2206 2.52 2349 2.49 2007 1.57 2058 1.43 2140 1.31

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0349 2.91 0425 2.96 0458 2.95 0529 2.90 0558 2.81 0023 1.33 0054 1.42 19 1008 1.14 20 1041 1.12 21 1111 1.14 22 1138 1.19 23 1205 1.27 24 0626 2.69 25 0654 2.56 1616 2.79 1647 2.85 1717 2.87 1745 2.85 1813 2.80 1230 1.37 1257 1.47 2216 1.23 2250 1.20 2322 1.21 2353 1.26 1839 2.72 1908 2.63

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0127 1.52 0206 1.63 0303 1.73 0450 1.79 0650 1.73 26 0725 2.42 27 0803 2.28 28 0903 2.15 29 1118 2.09 30 1316 2.17 1324 1.59 1358 1.70 1448 1.82 1644 1.90 1848 1.84 1940 2.52 2021 2.41 2132 2.30 2338 2.28

3m 2m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18

Tide gauge zero is 4.0123 metres below BM22 TIDAL PREDICTIONS FOR TUVALU - FUNAFUTI

OCTOBER 2021 Local Standard Time

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

0117 2.51 0109 2.38 0201 2.52 31 0744 1.50 1 0752 1.60 2 0830 1.47 1400 2.53 1407 2.31 1441 2.47 1956 1.59 1950 1.71 2032 1.56

3m 3m 2m 2m 1m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0242 2.68 0316 2.83 0351 2.95 0427 3.03 0504 3.05 0544 3.00 0020 1.10 3 0903 1.33 4 0935 1.21 5 1006 1.11 6 1040 1.05 7 1115 1.04 8 1152 1.09 9 0626 2.87 1512 2.64 1543 2.79 1615 2.94 1648 3.04 1725 3.09 1803 3.07 1231 1.21 2108 1.41 2144 1.26 2219 1.14 2258 1.07 2337 1.05 1845 2.98

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0107 1.21 0202 1.36 0314 1.51 0455 1.59 0637 1.55 0109 2.57 0207 2.68 10 0713 2.70 11 0808 2.50 12 0929 2.32 13 1126 2.27 14 1304 2.36 15 0745 1.44 16 0831 1.34 1315 1.37 1406 1.55 1520 1.72 1713 1.79 1854 1.71 1404 2.50 1445 2.64 1933 2.84 2032 2.67 2157 2.53 2344 2.50 1959 1.58 2045 1.45

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0251 2.78 0329 2.84 0401 2.86 0431 2.84 0500 2.79 0529 2.72 0558 2.63 17 0909 1.27 18 0941 1.23 19 1010 1.22 20 1038 1.24 21 1103 1.28 22 1129 1.33 23 1155 1.41 1520 2.75 1551 2.83 1619 2.88 1646 2.89 1713 2.88 1739 2.84 1806 2.77 2123 1.35 2157 1.29 2229 1.25 2259 1.25 2328 1.28 2357 1.32

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0027 1.39 0100 1.47 0138 1.57 0230 1.67 0354 1.74 0545 1.73 0014 2.38 24 0627 2.53 25 0659 2.41 26 0738 2.29 27 0835 2.19 28 1022 2.13 29 1220 2.21 30 0658 1.63 1221 1.49 1250 1.59 1324 1.70 1414 1.82 1549 1.90 1753 1.87 1320 2.35 1834 2.69 1906 2.59 1946 2.47 2045 2.37 2230 2.32 1907 1.75

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

Tide gauge zero is 4.0123 metres below BM22 TIDAL PREDICTIONS FOR TUVALU - FUNAFUTI

NOVEMBER 2021 Local Standard Time

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

0203 2.66 0244 2.80 0322 2.92 0401 2.98 0443 2.99 0527 2.92 1 0822 1.37 2 0857 1.24 3 0932 1.14 4 1010 1.08 5 1048 1.08 6 1129 1.14 1434 2.71 1509 2.88 1545 3.03 1622 3.13 1701 3.17 1745 3.13 2037 1.42 2116 1.26 2157 1.12 2238 1.04 2322 1.02

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0008 1.07 0100 1.18 0158 1.32 0309 1.46 0437 1.54 0603 1.54 0039 2.55 7 0614 2.81 8 0706 2.65 9 0808 2.49 10 0929 2.36 11 1108 2.34 12 1234 2.42 13 0710 1.49 1213 1.25 1301 1.41 1400 1.58 1517 1.72 1657 1.77 1828 1.72 1333 2.53 1830 3.03 1922 2.88 2025 2.71 2145 2.58 2317 2.52 1933 1.62

3m 2m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0139 2.60 0226 2.66 0304 2.69 0338 2.70 0409 2.70 0439 2.67 0509 2.63 14 0759 1.44 15 0837 1.39 16 0910 1.37 17 0940 1.35 18 1007 1.36 19 1034 1.37 20 1101 1.40 1417 2.64 1453 2.73 1524 2.80 1553 2.85 1620 2.87 1647 2.87 1715 2.84 2023 1.53 2102 1.44 2137 1.38 2209 1.34 2239 1.31 2309 1.31 2340 1.33

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0540 2.57 0011 1.37 0045 1.43 0123 1.50 0210 1.58 0313 1.65 0432 1.68 21 1130 1.44 22 0612 2.50 23 0646 2.43 24 0727 2.35 25 0818 2.28 26 0931 2.25 27 1103 2.29 1745 2.80 1200 1.51 1232 1.58 1310 1.67 1400 1.76 1512 1.84 1646 1.84 1816 2.73 1850 2.65 1930 2.57 2022 2.48 2134 2.43 2303 2.43

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0547 1.63 0020 2.50 0119 2.61 28 1217 2.40 29 0647 1.54 30 0736 1.43 1810 1.76 1311 2.56 1355 2.73 1913 1.63 2004 1.46

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18

© Highest tide of the month New moon Copyright: Commonwealth of Australia 2020, Bureau of Meteorology Disclaimer: These tide predictions are supplied in good faith and are Lowest tide of the month First quarter believed to be correct. They are not necessarily related to Lowest tide of the year Full moon a local hydrographic chart datum. No warranty is given in respect to errors, omissions, or Last quarter suitability for any purpose.

Tide gauge zero is 4.0123 metres below BM22 TIDAL PREDICTIONS FOR TUVALU - FUNAFUTI

DECEMBER 2021 Local Standard Time

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

0210 2.72 0257 2.81 0343 2.86 0430 2.87 1 0819 1.33 2 0902 1.24 3 0945 1.18 4 1030 1.17 1436 2.90 1518 3.04 1601 3.14 1646 3.18 2052 1.30 2139 1.16 2225 1.07 2313 1.03

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0518 2.84 0002 1.06 0055 1.14 0150 1.25 0251 1.38 0358 1.49 0509 1.57 5 1115 1.20 6 0609 2.77 7 0702 2.67 8 0800 2.56 9 0907 2.47 10 1022 2.43 11 1140 2.44 1734 3.15 1204 1.28 1256 1.40 1353 1.53 1459 1.65 1615 1.73 1738 1.76 1824 3.07 1916 2.95 2014 2.80 2117 2.66 2230 2.55 2347 2.49

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0616 1.59 0058 2.48 0154 2.50 0240 2.52 0318 2.54 0353 2.56 0426 2.57 12 1247 2.50 13 0714 1.58 14 0800 1.56 15 0839 1.53 16 0913 1.50 17 0945 1.47 18 1015 1.46 1853 1.72 1340 2.57 1422 2.65 1458 2.72 1530 2.77 1601 2.81 1631 2.83 1954 1.65 2041 1.57 2120 1.50 2155 1.43 2227 1.38 2258 1.34

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0458 2.57 0530 2.56 0001 1.34 0035 1.37 0111 1.42 0152 1.48 0238 1.54 19 1045 1.45 20 1116 1.46 21 0602 2.54 22 0637 2.51 23 0715 2.48 24 0758 2.45 25 0850 2.42 1702 2.84 1734 2.83 1149 1.49 1224 1.53 1302 1.59 1347 1.66 1443 1.72 2330 1.33 1807 2.80 1842 2.76 1919 2.71 2003 2.64 2056 2.58

3m 2m 1m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0

0334 1.59 0438 1.61 0545 1.59 0034 2.53 0141 2.59 0240 2.66 26 0955 2.43 27 1109 2.48 28 1217 2.58 29 0649 1.54 30 0747 1.46 31 0841 1.38 1551 1.76 1710 1.75 1828 1.67 1316 2.71 1410 2.85 1501 2.99 2201 2.52 2318 2.50 1936 1.54 2035 1.39 2130 1.24

3m 2m

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18

Tide gauge zero is 4.0123 metres below BM22 Traditional Knowledge and our Ocean What is Traditional Knowledge? Traditional knowledge is the knowledge held by those living off the land and ocean, be they indigenous or non- indigenous. This knowledge is not static and can evolve over time and is often imbedded in practice and belief. By closely observing their local environment, communities in the Pacific have developed skills that enable them to build coping strategies for variable weather and climate conditions, including oceans and tides. Figure 1. Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster) are seen diving into the sea, it is a

Understanding tides and oceans Pacific communities have long used traditional methods of preparing for and responding to natural hazards, including tsunamis. For remote communities, or when natural hazards occur before official warnings can be received, these traditional approaches are particularly important for saving lives.

Figure 2. Aftermath of the 2009 Tsunami at Lalomanu, Aleipata, Samoa. Photo: J. AhKau and M. Leavasa.

In many Pacific nations, unusual animal behaviour can indicate an approaching tsunami. This includes dogs making strange noises and cats, chickens and dogs running to higher ground. Other signs or indicators of tsunamis include the retreat of sea water and unusual environmental sounds. A traditional response to these signs is to move to higher ground. Tropical cyclones are also predicted through close observation of the oceans. For example, in the Solomon Islands, unusual current movements around the island of Tikopia, accompanied by seabirds flying along the coast and facing the ocean, were used to predict Tropical Cyclone Zoe in December 2002. In Tonga, before the arrival of Tropical Cyclone Gita in February 2018, coastal sea Figure 3. Traditional knowledge from Vanuatu says turtles laying water changed to a greyish colour and unusual behaviour their eggs inland means a cyclone is on the way in 2 – 3 months, with of dolphins and fish were observed. associated storm surges. Photo: Lynda Chambers (2012).

For further information on the use of traditional knowledge in the Pacific, please contact: Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme Website: http://www.sprep.org Pacific Meteorological Desk Partnership https://www.pacificmet.net/ Email: [email protected]

Climate and Oceans Support Bureau of Meteorology Program in the Pacific Further Information: Pacific Sea Level and Geodetic Monitoring (PSLGM) project as part of Climate and Oceans Support Program in the Pacific (COSPPac) Australian Bureau of Meteorology GPO Box 1289 Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia Email: [email protected] www.bom.gov.au/pacific

Climate and Oceans Support program in the Pacific