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Tuvalu-Eiwironrnental Conditions 3

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Tuvalu-Eiwironrnental Conditions 3 TUuolu Nlzi -IrZI^-iN M"ry@ffi Tuaalu Sto te Of the Environment Report t993 USP Library Catalogrring-in-Publicadon data: Iane,John Tutalu : state of the environinent report y'byJohn Lane.-Apia, Western Sarhoa : SPREF, lg9g, wii, 64p. : ?9cm "Rcport for the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) as documentation in support of the Tilvalu National Environrnental Manageruent Srategy (NEMS). Produced witlt financial asgis$nce frorn the United Nations Development Prograrnme (UNDP) aud the Australian Intemational Development Assistance Bureau (AIDAB)." Bibliography. rsBN 982-04-0070-8 1. lluman ecologpT[va]u 2. Tuvalu-Eiwironrnental conditions 3. Environmennl protection -'Tuvalu I. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme II. Title G'F852.T9L35 304.2'09968s Prepa'red for publication by the South Facific Regio nal Enlirsnme nt Programm e, Apia, Westem Sanoa @ South Pacific Regional Environment Proglamme; 19Q4 The South Pacitric Regional Envirorrrnent Proglamme authoriiles the'reproduction of &xtual nrarerial,'vvhsle or parq in any forrn, provided appropriate acknowledgement is given. Coordinating editor Suzanne Grano Editor' Barb.ara Henson Editorial assistant Betqrlynne Mantell Design and production Peter Evans Artwork for symbols Ca*rerine Appleton Cover clesign by Peter, Eranc based on an ortginal design by CatherineAppleton Photographs Alefaio Sernese andJohn Lanre Maps eupplied by MAP'gmphics, Brisbane, Atuualia Tlpeset in New Baskerville and Gill Sans Br.inted on 110 gsrn Tudor R. P. ( 1007o recy.cled) by ABC Printing Brisbane, Atrstralia Illustrative rnaterial cannot be reProduced without per-mis$ion of the ptotographer- or artisl Produced wirh fiqlmciat aasistancc from the United Nations Developmerrt hogra4me (UNDP) and the Austrnliao Interriational Dwelop-ment Asgbtatrc'e Bureru (AIDAB) Coaa pholagraph: Trailitional cultun is,tmtral to Twaluan life- Parl af lhe'passing aut' tcbbwilkmsfor gmd'aatiwg sfudmts of the I\atalu Maritivu Silool, Funafuli'{tall. (ptwto:Jolm Lqne) Tuualu St ate Of the Environment Re port 1993 Prepared by lohn Lane Report for the South Pocific Regionol Environment Programme (SPREP,) os documentotion in support of the Tuvolu Notionol Environment.al Monagement Strotegy (NEMS) Produced with finonciof ossistonce from the United Notions Devefopment Programme (UNDP) and the Australian lnternotio nal Development Assistonce Bureau (AIDAB) +6bt%"* s tdiena\tbgo,r,, \ '"\",* Nanumap Nui Niuao Ndrl^ Sole hl{0;000,0-00 u\\ 0 1000 1!00krn otTanr*i r-_1 Niutao: --...-...ffi 0 l@0 mtt€f ,""*0 Ieaat k r<nrruSi Itanumaga 'qAnratuku ,. Niutao Nenumrgt. oNui FACIHC svait{Prl OGAN Nukutuau 6r P Funair:i f, s$t. r.rlQBoqcqo Nukuraeraeg 0 l@ 100 hn Nukufetau \ run.au sou dtuFaota j .) f, hz9o.ooo "'r' o; 5 lok 0 5 mltes' Nidlikig" oo."\.Mstulqa Fangpua t \ (eang"ua . Niulekiu "lNuwak - r.riffilit" lafoon \ t' ) '-J) iv Foreword This document represents a concise rcPort on the ancl clevelop the NEMS. The report sttmtnarises State of tlte Environmeut f<rr Tttvalu. It rlas pre- the cnrrent surte ()f rnarine t esoul-ces, cttlturirl aud pared as a maior cornporlelrt oI' the, National arch aeological resotrrces, socioeconorni c etlvi rott- Enlironrnerrtal Mauagetnent Strategies (NEMS) ment, ancl outlines enr.irottrnental challenges farc- Proiect. Thc NEMS project wa.s instigatecl to ad- iug Tuvaltr. The State of'the Etn'ironmeut Report dress sustairtable enl'i ronnren tal developuren t an cl also provides an itnportatl t vehicle f or r:aising com- planning issues in it nttmber of PaciFrc Islancl cotln- nrtrnity Awaretless of the importance of' etrvircltr- tdes, namelv, Kiribati, Nattru, Nirre, Pnlarr,Tokelau, rncntal issues atrcl ltow these issues shottltl be Trrvaltr and \{estern Sattro:r. It has been furtded b1' integratecl into filture decisiotl-ntaking processes. the Llnited Nations Development Progmmme I wotrld like to thankJohn Lrne who worked (trNDP) ancl irnpletneutetl througlt the Sotttlr with tlre Titvaln Environment Oflicer, Alefaicr Pacific Rcsional Etrvir<ltttncttt Progr:lurtlre Senrese. for three nlonths dttling l9-9lJ zrncl who has (SPREP) as part of a broader I-JNDP assistattce preparecl this Statc ol'the Etrvirottmetrt Report. (PN{l): SPREP {irrvartl to rr'orking with Ttt't'alu J)r'()sranlnl(: c'allecl Patific Nlrrlti Islartcl I'larl- looks ning arrrl Iurplenteutation of Pacific Regional atttl cltlret' regiotral ancl itl ternittiotri'rl ot'ganisiltiotls flrrirorrurertrt Programtne tvltich collcentrates ()n in urckling tlte environureutal issttes identifiecl in resionill ancl irr-cottrrtty irtstittttional stretrgthen- this State of the Etrvitotrtnent Report. ing ancl n'aining of etn'ironnrental lnan:rgers. In Tuval u, the Arr"stral ian [ntemati otral Devel opllr en t /bsistance Bttreatt (AID.{.B) also provi ded fi nanci al assistance firl the NEMS Process. The State of the Envirottntent Report fbr Ttnalu was a maiorbackground docrunent for the W preparation of the dralt National Envitorrrnelrull ViliA. Fuavao Manasement Strategy (NEMS) and fcrnned an im- Dircrtor ponant refe'rence clocttment for the Natiorlal Seur- South Pacifi c Regiorratl inal l'reldin Ttuiiltt drrring November 1993 to refine Envi ronment Pl'ogt:rnr trte Messoge from the Prime Minister In the impetus to establish orlr corurtly since we be an opportuniry to integmte ortr economic devel- gained independence in 1978, successive gol'er-r:- opment planning ancl policies with <tur environ- nler)t.s have placed emphasis on economic and ma- mental mana!{ement prol+amme. The govelnment terial development. Resources were employed to will als<.r be using the NEMS as a basis fbr dis- expanclserr,rices, build infrasmrcture and nrrn frorn cussions with developntcnt partners in order to trerditional sultsistence activities to commercial en- allocate frrnding to priorit1' environnrent manage- teq)rises. hr t-his period of rapid change, the issue ment pro.iects. of maintaining orrr newly acqrrired level ofclevelop This State of the Environment Repnr-t is an ment over the long ternr and the irnpact of eco important step in the developntent ol-the NEMS. nomic growth on crrltural and environmenutl valrres It is a welcome collation of the large antount of have not been fully addressed. ln the environment infonnation about ouL environnreut that has beerr srctor', we are now experiencing some negative collected o\,er tnally years. Unfirrttrnately', this in- eff'ects of the econonric developnrent rnodel we fornration has becorne dispersed and inaccessible, have bee n following. This is particularly the case on and has therefore not been ttsed to ()rlr advantage Ftrnafuti where much of the developrnent and in past developntent planning work. The report change lras occru'red. also identifies s()rne significant eaps in otrr knowl- I am pleased to he able to say that the goverl- edge that we shoulcl aim to fill in the rerm. ment has, ove r the last few years, begrrn to clrange ^short The scheduled NEMS nation:l.l conference will t.he emphiuis of past policl, by, assignine a high provide an opportunity fbr governlnent officers, priority to strstainable development and environ- btrsiness managers ancl conrnrtrnity leaders rrrent protection. The governnrent is no\,v corn- to use this information as rnitted [o a t!\'o-tier enr,ironmental policy. The first well as their own ideas and insighrs to fclrmulatc a cleals with the question of clintate change and nalional strategl'. The gor. enlnrenl looks lbrw;rrd possible sea-ler,el rise induced b1' the actions of with anticipation to receiv- developed countries purslring their own material ing the advice of'the conference. worrlcl devcloprnent. Our ernphasis here is tc_r establish a I like to acknorvledge and drank the high internirtional profile and maintain a con- Sortth Pacific Rtgional Ertrironment PrograrDrne tintring clebatc on this issue undl the developcd for their r,aluable lrrle. Without their strpport the corrntries take the necessary actions to reduce NEMS progratnlne rvorrld nor hav(: been possible. gr eenhotrsc gas ernissions. The secontl der of our policy is to look at Tln'alu's dontestic environrrrent and inLroduce pro grarnrnes that will overconle existing problerns and ensure lhat we do trot cre:rtr ltew ones as econonric developnrent continLles. Tl-re first.stage of this work will involve the preparation of'a National Environ- merrtal Mtrnagement Srraregy (NEMS) which will ideutill'the rrrain tasks to be done and the pr-iorit,v The Rt. Hon. Bikeniberr Paenirr in which they shorrlcl be addressed. The NEMS will Prime Minista' r{ "hntaln vi Contents Mop ofTuvolu iv Foreword v Messoge frcm the Prime Minister v, Acronyms xi Glossory xii Executive summary xtl I Inuoduction I 1.1 Overview 1 l.? Scope ofreport 2 1.3 Sources and methodologv Port I Naturol environment 2 Geology ond geomorphology 2.1 Introduction 6 2.2 (ieomorphological issttes 2.3 Further reading 7 Climote 8 3.1 Description of climate 8 3.2 Climate change 8 3.2.1 General 8 3.2.2 Recommendadons for actiotr 3.3 Further reading 10 Lond ond coostol envitonment | | 4.1 Introduction l1 4.2 Soils 12 4.3 Earth and mineral resources I2 vil Contents 4.4 t-andplanw 12 4.4.1 General 12 4.4,2 Vegetation communlties 12 4.4.3 Role in environmental proteetion 13 4.5 l-and anirnals and birds 14 4.6 Coastal environ:nent 14 4.6-I General description 1'4 4,6,2 Coastal protecdon pnogramme 15 4.6.3 Significance of coastal zane 15 4.7 Land and eoastal environment issues 15 4.8, Further reading 16 5 Martne envlronment 17 5.1 l\4arine resources 17 5.f .1 General IV 5.1.2 Nearuhore fisheries lV 5.1.3 Felagic r€sorrrces 18 5.2 Marine resource i$sues I8 5,3 F,\rrther reading 19 Part? Humanenyinonment, 2I 6 Fopulation 22 6.1 Poprol,ation: description and.issues n 6.1.1 General 22 6.1.2 Likely population gruwrh 23 6.1.3 Implications for planning 24 6,2 F'ufiher reading U 7 Educot;is:n and lnformstia:n 26 7.7 Environmental education 26 7.L.1 Significance of,educarion 26 7"1-2 "Education for Uf,e" approaeh 26 7.1.3.
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