Tuvalu Progress in It's Energy Master Plan

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Tuvalu Progress in It's Energy Master Plan Mafalu Lotolua TEC Tuvalu National Energy Dialogue 19-22 August, 2019 No Location Description Capacity Funding Agency Year 1 Funafuti Sport Field Solar PV demonstration 40kWp e8 Group 2008 2 Motufoua Secondary Solar and BESS hybrid system 46kWp, 120kWhr Italy 2009 School, Vaitupu 3 Funafuti PWD Solar PV 66kWp Japan, PEC Funding 2013 Compound 4 Nukulaelae, Nukufetau, Solar and BESS hybrid system 45kWp, 576kWhr EU 2015 Nui 87kWp, 1008kWhr 77kWp, 864kWhr 5 Vaitupu, Nanumea, Solar and BESS hybrid system 400kWp, 3120kWhr NZ MFAT 2015 Nanumaga, Niutao 195kWp, 1560kWhr 205kWp, 1716kWhr 230kWp, 1872kWhr 6 Funafuti – Govt. Office Rooftop solar PV 170kWp NZ MFAT 2015 & Media building 7 Funafuti – TEC Raised structure/Rooftop 500kWp MASDAR (UAE) 2015 Compound, PMH solar PV &Marine warehouse 8 Tuvalu Maritime Rooftop solar PV 8kWp, 96kWhr Italy 2017 Training Institute 9 Niulakita/Funafala Solar Home Standalone Italy 2017 System No Location Description Capacity Funding Agency Year Remarks 1 Funafuti Sport Field Solar PV demonstration 40kWp e8 Group 2008 Lack of consultation and resulted in damaging the cable 2 Motufoua Secondary Solar and BESS hybrid system 46kWp, 120kWhr Italy 2009 Distance to HQ and need good School, Vaitupu internet connectivity 3 Funafuti PWD Solar PV 66kWp Japan, PEC Funding 2013 No clear direction of authorities Compound looking after the installation 4 Nukulaelae, Nukufetau, Solar and BESS hybrid system 45kWp, 576kWhr EU 2015 Distance to HQ and need good Nui 87kWp, 1008kWhr internet connectivity 77kWp, 864kWhr 5 Vaitupu, Nanumea, Solar and BESS hybrid system 400kWp, 3120kWhr NZ MFAT 2015 Distance to HQ and need good Nanumaga, Niutao 195kWp, 1560kWhr internet connectivity 205kWp, 1716kWhr 230kWp, 1872kWhr 6 Funafuti – Govt. Office Rooftop solar PV 170kWp NZ MFAT 2015 Not connected to fuel saver & Media building 7 Funafuti – TEC Raised structure/Rooftop 500kWp MASDAR (UAE) 2015 Joints short circuited at the joints Compound, PMH solar PV &Marine warehouse 8 Tuvalu Maritime Rooftop solar PV 8kWp, 96kWhr Italy 2017 Need personnel to look after the Training Institute installatuon 9 Niulakita/Funafala Solar Home Standalone Italy 2017 System No Island Technology PV BESS. Implementation Total Grant Donor Capacity (MW/MW (US$million (kW) Hr) ) 1 Funafuti Solar PV 750 1/1 2020/2021 7 WB 2 Funafuti Solar PV 500 1/2 2020/2021 3.7 ADB 3 Outer-Islands Solar PV 190.4 - 2020/2021 1.497 ADB Nukulaelae, (44.8, 67.2 Nukufetau & 78.4) and Nui 4 Motufoua Solar PV Yet to be Yet to be 2019/2020 0.427 Italy Sec. School, confirmed confirmed Vaitupu 5 Funaota, Solar Home 2019/2020 0.213 UN-India Nukufetau Standalone Partnership (SHS) Fun System No Activity Progress Remarks Development Partners 1 Energy Efficiency Endorsed by Avoid non-efficient Australian Govt. Act Parliament in equipment import through SPC April’16 to the country 2 EE Loan Scheme Launched end of Widespread of EE GEF through June’16 equipment IUCN 3 RE&EE Demo Fale Completed Showcase design of SIDS Dock EE housing through UNDP 4 Prepayment Contract signed and Reduce demand World Bank Meters work start around Oct’19 5 Window Tinting for Contract signed and Reduce heat in the World Bank Govt. Main Office work start round govt. building thus building September’19 reduce cooling requirements Where are the Opportunities for the Private Sector? • Energy Efficiency - tax free of energy efficient appliances - availability of funding for easy access for entrepreneurs • Solar PV - need to create policy Levels Outer Islands Fogafale 1st 50kWhr 0.29 0.30 2nd 50kWhr 0.38 0.39 Above 100kWhr 0.55 0.56 Govt/Commercial 0.55 0.56 .
Recommended publications
  • 2017 Tuvalu Mini CPH Form 3
    Generated by winston, Apr 09, 2019 16:09 Sections: 4, Sub-sections: 17, Questionnaire created by togar, Mar 04, 2019 14:56 Questions: 209. Last modified by togar, Mar 04, 2019 14:56 Questions with enabling conditions: 123 Questions with validation conditions:66 Shared with: Rosters: 10 luisr (never edited) Variables: 3 winston (never edited) 2017 Tuvalu Mini CPH Form 3 SURVEY IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION QUESTIONNAIRE DESCRIPTION IDENTIFICATION No sub-sections, No rosters, Questions: 21, Static texts: 1. HOUSEHOLD No sub-sections, Rosters: 6, Questions: 71, Static texts: 1. PERSON Sub-sections: 17, Rosters: 4, Questions: 110, Static texts: 4, Variables: 3. ENDING No sub-sections, No rosters, Questions: 7. APPENDIX A — ENABLING CONDITIONS APPENDIX B — VALIDATION CONDITIONS AND MESSAGES APPENDIX C — INSTRUCTIONS APPENDIX D — CATEGORIES APPENDIX E — CATEGORIES FILTERS LEGEND 1 / 49 SURVEY IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION QUESTIONNAIRE DESCRIPTION Basic information Title 2017 Tuvalu Mini CPH Form 3 SURVEY IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION QUESTIONNAIRE DESCRIPTION 2 / 49 IDENTIFICATION C1. CENSUS ID TEXT censusID SCOPE: IDENTIFYING E1 $censIdOk M1 The Census ID entered is invalid. Please double check the entered valu es match the Census ID in CPH Form 1. C2. ISLAND SINGLE-SELECT: COMBO BOX Island_code SCOPE: IDENTIFYING E1 ((censusID.ToLower().Left(1) == "x" && self == 0)?true:f 00 Test Island alse) || ((censusID.ToLower().Left(1) == "a" && self == 1)?true:false) || ((censusID.ToLower().Left(1) == "b" && 01 Nanumea self == 2)?true:false) || (( And 457 other symbols [1] 02 Nanumaga M1 The Island entered is not associated with the Census ID. 03 Niutao 04 Nui 05 Vaitupu 06 Nukufetau 07 Funafuti 08 Nukulaelae 09 Niulakita STATIC TEXT Census ID: %censusID% C3.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Design Study Report on the Project for Construction of the Inter-Island Vessel for Outer Island Fisheries Development
    BASIC DESIGN STUDY REPORT ON THE PROJECT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE INTER-ISLAND VESSEL FOR OUTER ISLAND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT IN TUVALU January, 2001 Japan International Cooperation Agency Fisheries Engineering Co., Ltd. PREFACE In response to a request from the Government of Tuvalu, the Government of Japan decided to conduct a basic design study on the Project for Construction of the Inter-Island Vessel for Outer Island Fisheries Development in Tuvalu and entrusted the study to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA sent to Tuvalu a study team from August 1 to August 28, 2000. The team held discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of Tuvalu, and conducted a field study at the study area. After the team returned to Japan, further studies were made. Then, a mission was sent to Tuvalu in order to discuss a draft basic design, and as this result, the present report was finalized. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of the project and to the enhancement of friendly relations between our two countries. I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of Tuvalu for their close cooperation extended to the teams. January, 2001 Kunihiko Saito President Japan International Cooperation Agency List of Tables and Figures Table 1 Nivaga II Domestic Cargo and Passengers in 1999 ....................................................8 Table 2 Average Passenger Demand by Island Based on Population Ratios .............................9 Table 3 Crew Composition on the Plan Vessel as Compared with the Nivaga II .................... 14 Table 4 Number of Containers Unloaded at Funafuti Port ...................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sector Assessment (Summary): Transport (Water Transport [Nonurban])
    Outer Island Maritime Infrastructure Project (RRP TUV 48484) SECTOR ASSESSMENT (SUMMARY): TRANSPORT (WATER TRANSPORT [NONURBAN]) Sector Road Map 1. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities 1. Tuvalu is an independent constitutional monarchy in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Formerly known as the Ellice Islands, they separated from the Gilbert Islands after a referendum in 1975, and achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 1 October 1978. The population of 10,100 live on Tuvalu’s nine atolls, which have a total land area of 27 square kilometers. 1 The nine islands, from north to south, are Nanumea, Niutao, Nanumaga, Nui, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, Nukulaelae, and Niulakita. 2. About 43% of the population lives on the outer islands. The small land mass, combined with infertile soil, create a heavy reliance on the sea. The primary economic activities are fishing and subsistence farming, with copra being the main export. 3. The effectiveness and efficiency of maritime transport is highly correlated and integral to the economic development of Tuvalu. Government-owned ships are the only means of transport among the islands. The government fleet includes three passenger and cargo ships operated by the Ministry of Communication and Transport (MCT), a research boat under the Fishery Department, and a patrol boat. 2 The passenger and cargo ships travel from Funafuti to the outer islands and Fiji, so each island only has access to these ships once every 2–3 weeks. Table 1 shows the passengers and cargo carried by the ships in recent years. In addition to the regular services, these ships are used for medical evacuations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Project for Pilot Gravel Beach Nourishment Against Coastal Disaster on Fongafale Island in Tuvalu
    MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, TRADES, TOURISM, ENVIRONMENT AND LABOUR THE GOVERNMENT OF TUVALU THE PROJECT FOR PILOT GRAVEL BEACH NOURISHMENT AGAINST COASTAL DISASTER ON FONGAFALE ISLAND IN TUVALU FINAL REPORT (SUPPORTING REPORT) April 2018 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. FUTABA INC. GE JR 18-058 MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, TRADES, TOURISM, ENVIRONMENT AND LABOUR THE GOVERNMENT OF TUVALU THE PROJECT FOR PILOT GRAVEL BEACH NOURISHMENT AGAINST COASTAL DISASTER ON FONGAFALE ISLAND IN TUVALU FINAL REPORT (SUPPORTING REPORT) April 2018 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. FUTABA INC. Table of Contents Supporting Report-1 Study on the Quality and Quantity of Materials in Phase-1 (quote from Interim Report 1) .............................................................. SR-1 Supporting Report-2 Planning and Design in Phase-1 (quote from Interim Report 1) ............ SR-2 Supporting Report-3 Design Drawing ..................................................................................... SR-3 Supporting Report-4 Project Implementation Plan in Phase-1 (quote from Interim Report 1)................................................................................................. SR-4 Supporting Report-5 Preliminary Environmental Assessment Report (PEAR) ....................... SR-5 Supporting Report-6 Public Consultation in Phase-1 (quote from Interim Report 1) .............. SR-6 Supporting Report-7 Bidding Process (quote from Progress Report) ...................................... SR-7 Supporting
    [Show full text]
  • Terminal Evaluation of the Global Environment Facility/UN
    Terminal Evaluation of the Global Environment Facility/UN Environment Project Low Carbon-Energy Islands: Accelerating the Use of Energy Efficient and Renewable Energy Technologies in Tuvalu, Niue and Nauru Final Report Evaluation Office of UN Environment March 2018 Evaluation Office of UN Environment Photos Credits: Front cover: Alfredo Caprile Team Leader, UN Environment Evaluation Mission (2017) Page 55: Sirikul Prasitpianchai, Support Consultant, UN Environment Evaluation Mission (2017) Page 57: Alfredo Caprile Team Leader, UN Environment Evaluation Mission (2017) This report has been prepared by Alfredo Caprile and Sirikul Prasitpianchai and is a product of the Evaluation Office of UN Environment. The findings and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of Member States or the UN Environment Senior Management. For further information on this report, please contact: Evaluation Office of UN Environment P. O. Box 30552-00100 GPO Nairobi Kenya Tel: (254-20) 762 3389 Email: [email protected] Project Title: Low Carbon-Energy Islands: Accelerating the Use of Energy Efficient and Renewable Energy GEF project ID 4000 Date 03/18 All rights reserved. © (2018) Evaluation Office of UN Environment ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Terminal evaluation was prepared for the Evaluation Office of UN Environment by Mr. Alfredo Caprile and Ms. Sirikul Prasitpianchai, Lead and Support Consultants. The authors would like to express their gratitude to all of the UN Environment and IUCN personnel and project participants that have been interviewed during the evaluation. Their comments and opinions with regard to the results and impacts that have been accomplished by the project have been critical for the preparation of this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture of Vaitupu ELLICE ISLANDS
    Memoirs of the Polynesian Society. Vol. FIELD NOTES ON THE Culture of Vaitupu ELLICE ISLANDS. % BY DONALD GILBERT KENNEDY. NEW PLYMOUTH, N.Z.: Printed by Thomas Avery & Sons Limited. 1931 Frontispiece. In the lagoon, Nukufetau: Canoes leaving the ship; village in the distance. Vaitupu from the south. The main village may be seen beyond the schooner’s boat derricks. Vaitupu Island women at a festival. DIVERSITY Or AUCKLAND LIBRARY N.Z. AND PAFMFIC FOREWORD In New Zealand the native-born ethnographers of the older generation are represented by Percy Smith, Elsdon Best, and Herbert Williams. A perusal of the following memoir will show the author to be a worthy successor to these. His work needs no further commendation. D. G. Kennedy was an undergraduate of Otago who went into camp at Trentham in the closing phase of the war. The armistice came before training was completed, but he did not return to the University. After some years of teaching, part of which was spent at the Maori Boys’ School at Otaki, he joined the Colonial Service in Fiji, where his interest in ethnography took more definite shape. Thence he was transferred to the Western Pacific High Commission, his duties leading him first to the Gilbert and later to the Ellice Islands. How much Polynesian ethnology has been the gainer by this experience is demonstrated by his Field Notes from Vaitupu. — H. D. Skinner. \ CONTENTS PAGE Foreword .... ...... .... .... .... v List of Illustrations .... .... .... .... ix Preface ... .... .... .... .... xiii F inal Introduction .... .... .... .... xv Introductory .... .... .... .... .... 1 Calendar and Time .... .... .... .... 9 Fishing for the Palu .... .... .... .... 12 Fishing for Bonito ...
    [Show full text]
  • Transformations of the Meeting-House in Tuvalu
    Transformations of the meeting-house in Tuvalu Michael Goldsmith My problem is this: the Tuvaluan meeting-house is displayed as a symbol of indigenous culture in many different contexts. It is therefore often assumed, by both outside commentators and Tuvaluans themselves, to be of long standing in the history of that culture. Yet the word maneapa, by which the meeting-house is generically known, is of Gilbertese origin.1 Moreover, the weight of evidence suggests that not only the word but probably even the type of building itself is a post-colonial borrowing or implantation. If, indeed, there were no maneapa as such in Tuvalu before British hegemony was es­ tablished, then questions arise as to what, if anything, existed in its place; why the maneapa was introduced or borrowed; why it has achieved its current importance and, further, why it has become a symbol of national identity. In this connection, the concept of “transformation” calls out for a strong measure of historical attention. Yet the meaning of history is not as self-evident as the traditional definitions imply, with their references to narrative, sequences of events and so on (Braudel 1980:27). Another avenue, almost a new orthodoxy, has been explored under the influence of structuralism. Bather than using sequences of events to explain structure, some anthropologists use the delineation of structure to explain events. While Lêvi-Strauss’ name is the most closely linked to this programme (1966-.passim), even historical materialists find it beguiling. Godelier, for example, reverses the con­ ventional Marxist understanding of history with his contention that it explains nothing but is the category which itself needs to be explained, once structure has been revealed (Godelier 1977:49).
    [Show full text]
  • Concept Design Report Tuvalu Coastal Adaptation Project 21 May 2021
    United Nations Development Programme Concept Design Report Tuvalu Coastal Adaptation Project 21 May 2021 Report No: P191012_ConceptDesign_R2.00 Document Summary Document Title Concept Design Report Project Name Tuvalu Coastal Adaptation Project Client United Nations Development Programme Report No. P191012_ConceptDesign_R2.00 1 Document History Version Date Author(s) Reviewer(s) Status Signature 1.0 30/4/21 James Lewis Arthur Webb DRAFT 2.0 21/5/21 James Lewis Arthur Webb FINAL P191012_ConceptDesign_R2.00 / 21 May 2021 II Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project background ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Scope of this report ................................................................................................ 4 2. Data and literature review .............................................................................................. 5 2.1 Recent and concurrent projects .............................................................................. 6 3. Climatic and geophysical setting .................................................................................. 7 3.1 Tuvalu .................................................................................................................... 7 3.2 Funafuti
    [Show full text]
  • Speaker Presentation Session 3
    Innovative Solutions for Small-Island States Mafalu Lotolua Pacific Energy Summit Auckland, 7th June 2016 RE&EE Development in Tuvalu . Guided by the RE&EE Master Plan and is directly linked to the - Tuvalu National Sustainable Development Plan (Te Kakeega III), - the Climate Change Policy (Te Kaniva) and - the Tuvalu National Energy Policy. Master Plan has identified the most possible proven technologies for Tuvalu to meet its 100% target. RE&EE Master Plan . RE TARGET – 100% by 2025 . GOAL • To generate electricity with 100% renewable energy by 2025, and • To increase energy efficiency on Funafuti by 30% Implementation Strategies . 60 – 95% - Solar . 0 – 40% - Wind . 5% - Biodiesel . 30% - Energy Efficiency • Cannot achieve 100% renewable energy with ONE Renewable Energy source and need to include other potential PROVEN and MATURED technology, and • Energy Efficiency is also important to avoid additional renewable energy generation. Renewable Energy Portfolio No Island Technology Capacity % RE Development (kW) Partners 1 Funafuti Solar PV 750 17 NZ Govt, UAE and Japan 2 Vaitupu, Niutao, Solar PV 1,032 90 NZ Govt Nanumaga and Nanumea 3 Nukulaelae, Nukufetau Solar PV 188 50 EU and Nui 4 Amatuku, TMTI Solar PV 8 2 Finland 5 Niulakita and Funafala Solar PV 100 Italian Govt. SHS Partners involved in RE & EE Space in Tuvalu No Partners RE Technology/EE Capacity Site Status (kW) 1 NZ Govt. (MFAT) Solar PV mini-grid 3,032 + 170 Outer-islands/Funafuti Operational =3,202 2 EU Solar PV mini-grid 182 Outer islands Operational 3 United Arabs Solar
    [Show full text]
  • Tuvalu-Eiwironrnental Conditions 3
    TUuolu Nlzi -IrZI^-iN M"ry@ffi Tuaalu Sto te Of the Environment Report t993 USP Library Catalogrring-in-Publicadon data: Iane,John Tutalu : state of the environinent report y'byJohn Lane.-Apia, Western Sarhoa : SPREF, lg9g, wii, 64p. : ?9cm "Rcport for the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) as documentation in support of the Tilvalu National Environrnental Manageruent Srategy (NEMS). Produced witlt financial asgis$nce frorn the United Nations Development Prograrnme (UNDP) aud the Australian Intemational Development Assistance Bureau (AIDAB)." Bibliography. rsBN 982-04-0070-8 1. lluman ecologpT[va]u 2. Tuvalu-Eiwironrnental conditions 3. Environmennl protection -'Tuvalu I. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme II. Title G'F852.T9L35 304.2'09968s Prepa'red for publication by the South Facific Regio nal Enlirsnme nt Programm e, Apia, Westem Sanoa @ South Pacific Regional Environment Proglamme; 19Q4 The South Pacitric Regional Envirorrrnent Proglamme authoriiles the'reproduction of &xtual nrarerial,'vvhsle or parq in any forrn, provided appropriate acknowledgement is given. Coordinating editor Suzanne Grano Editor' Barb.ara Henson Editorial assistant Betqrlynne Mantell Design and production Peter Evans Artwork for symbols Ca*rerine Appleton Cover clesign by Peter, Eranc based on an ortginal design by CatherineAppleton Photographs Alefaio Sernese andJohn Lanre Maps eupplied by MAP'gmphics, Brisbane, Atuualia Tlpeset in New Baskerville and Gill Sans Br.inted on 110 gsrn Tudor R. P. ( 1007o recy.cled) by ABC Printing Brisbane, Atrstralia Illustrative rnaterial cannot be reProduced without per-mis$ion of the ptotographer- or artisl Produced wirh fiqlmciat aasistancc from the United Nations Developmerrt hogra4me (UNDP) and the Austrnliao Interriational Dwelop-ment Asgbtatrc'e Bureru (AIDAB) Coaa pholagraph: Trailitional cultun is,tmtral to Twaluan life- Parl af lhe'passing aut' tcbbwilkmsfor gmd'aatiwg sfudmts of the I\atalu Maritivu Silool, Funafuli'{tall.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Development for Tuvalu: a Reality Or an Illusion?
    SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR TUVALU: A REALITY OR AN ILLUSION? bY Petely Nivatui BA (University of the South Pacific) Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Studies (Coursework) Centre for Environmental Studies University of Tasmania Hobart, Tasmania, Australia December 1991 DECLARATION This thesis contains no material that has been accepted for the award of any other higher degree or graduate diploma in any tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except when due reference is made in this thesis. Petely Nivatui ABSTRACT For development to be sustainable for Tuvalu it needs to be development which specifically sustains the needs of Tuvaluans economically, politically, ecologically and culturally without jeopardising and destroying the resources for future generations. Development needs to be of the kind which empowers Tuvaluans, gives security, self-reliance, self-esteem and respect. This is different from western perspectives which concentrate and involve a western style economy and money system in which money is the centre of everything. For Tuvaluans the economy is based on and dependent on land, coconut trees, pulaka (Cyrtosperma) and fish, as well as the exchange of these commodities. The aim of this thesis is to compare western and Tuvaluan concepts and practices of sustainable development in order to evaluate future possibilities of sustainable practices for Tuvalu. An atoll state like Tuvalu has many problems. The atolls are small, isolated, and poor in natural resources. Transport and communication are difficult and the environment is sensitive. Tuvalu is classified by the United Nations as one of the least developed countries, one dependent on foreign assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • T-PB 106 Farbotko Kitara
    Policy Brief No. 20 APLN/CNND 1 Policy Brief No. 106 April 2021 Urban–Rural Re-Relocation as a Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Tuvalu Carol Farbotko and Taukiei Kitara Introduction Around the globe, rural-urban migration is a taken-for-granted phenomenon. In the Pacific Islands region, migration into already crowded urban areas has long been considered a challenge for employment and urban planning (ADB 2016). During the COVID-19 pandemic, however, migration patterns changed in the Pacific Islands. As paid employment in cities decreased, migration to some rural areas increased, often with encouragement from national governments (Davila and Wilkes 2020; Eriksson et al. 2020). Much of this migration is poorly understood. A year into the pandemic, furthermore, some migrants have returned to urban areas following an initial rural relocation, particularly in those countries with low or zero COVID-19 infection rates. However, even as a temporary phenomenon, urban-rural migration that occurred during the pandemic is instructive for understanding how cultural and family connections to rural places help in maintaining resilience among Pacific Island populations, particularly in the face of external shocks. This paper explores urban-rural migration in the Pacific Island nation of Tuvalu. The COVID- 19 pandemic witnessed, at least initially, significant internal migration from the capital to rural islands in Tuvalu. Tuvalu, with a national population of just under 12,000, is one of the smallest countries in the world by population and land area, which is 26 square kilometres. It has nine inhabited islands including the capital, Funafuti, and all are low-lying with an elevation of around 5m.
    [Show full text]