1950 (unconditional) to 41%(conditional oninternational support) below BAU of2,869 MTCO level rehabilitated 5.5%,relative to 2016values. 13%, decrease unemployment rate 2%,maintain total forest cover at63%,increase critical land to supportSDGs;e.g.,decrease poverty 3%,eliminate malaria,increase access to clean water gap ratio by 3%,&maintaining farmers’ welfare. (SDGs), includingincreasing Environmental Quality&Governance Indices, decreasing poverty Good Governance Index >4.86;relative to 2015values. Environmental QualityIndex >60;improving domesticwaste management by 10%;maintaining 1-2% increase Index ofGenderDevelopment &women’s participation intheworkforce; maintaining 1 PLEDGES &COMMITMENTS EVENTS IMPORTANT TIMELINE OF • • • • • AT AGLANCE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2018 was onlyimplemented attheprovincial Thedistrict-level level. IGRKprocess a district-level pilotfor implementingtheIGRK–anationalrequirement thatpre- Association (LTKL) butlimited data onGHGemissions,Gorontalo was selected as Given itscommitment to CC programs andmembership inSustainable Districts data ongreenhouse gas (GHG)emissionsandsinks,includingcarbon stocks. then to includeimplementation ofagreenhouse gas (IGRK)compiling inventory supported by a2016Regent’s Decree. WGCC’s functions have beenexpanded since the multi-stakeholder implementation andfurther planningintegration development ofplans andstrategies, allocation of~10%districtbudget (APBD;~USD 13millionin 2020).For proper through thedistrict’s Medium-Term Plan(RPJMD Development 2016-2021),withan Climate Change (CC) programs have beenintegrated into planning development SPOTLIGHT ON INNOVATION Districtcommitment balancing economic growth &sustainability through various targets; e.g., INDONESIA GORONTALO GORONTALO DISTRICT guaranteed market opportunities agricultural potential, esp. for corn &coconut thathave Agriculture isover 35%ofdistrict GDP&districthaslarge timber&non-timberforestharvesting products pressure from transmigrants/local communities (LC) a globally-important saltlick;butalsofaces increasing other districtshashighbiodiversity, endemicspecies,& Sulawesi’s lastintact forests, located inGorontalo &two Nantu-Boliyohuto Wildlife (NBWR), oneof Reserve upland landusechanges despite revitalization efforts decreasingtourist hotspot, insize dueto sedimentation & Lake Limboto, astopover/home for 85bird species& Tapodu Canal,Sediment Traps inestuaries ofLake Limboto) construction projects (e.g.,Gorontalo Outer RingRoad, infrastructuredeveloped to beimproved through multiple Most populousdistrictintheprovince butwithpoorly forest area intheprovince) provinces witharound 47%total forest area (~12%oftotal District withinoneofthree Indonesianconservation Sulawesi of North province within the established district Gorontalo

1960 differences and religious the cultural recognizing fall ofSuharto, province after the create Gorontalo Sulawesi to province ofNorth majority the Christian- separated from district &city Gorontalo Working Group for Climate Change (WGCC) 4 Contribute to nationalgoal: Reduce emissions 29% 3 Provincial commitment (incl.districts/cities)

1970 restore thelake’s function Revitalization Program to launched theLake Limboto Provincial government 2 Addresses sustainable goals development legalised Spatial Planis for Lake Limboto Provincial Regulation Coalition) Producing District of Kopek (Coconut elected asChairman Gorontalo Regent was 1980 AVERAGE ANNUAL MAIN DRIVERS OF EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION DEFORESTATION MAIN ECONOMIC was created and RURAL/URBAN PRODUCTION, 2019) COMMODITIES POPULATION POPULATION 2 . STRATEGIC ACTIVITIES restore landproductivity & environmental capacity carrying Forest &LandRehabilitation (RHL)program initiated to preserve/ collaborative &participatory SDGsdialogueplatform Province govt &partners holdGorontalo Forum Development 2019– Head elected asLTKL Head ofBusiness&Investment Program Development Gorontalo becomes memberofLTKL &begins implementation ofIGRK;District progress towards SDGsinitiated Regional Competitiveness Framework (KDSD)for monitoring Formation ofWGCC Limboto dueto heavy rainfall affects 13sub-districts Large-scale flooding, overflow &sedimentation ofLake (DISTRICT AREA GINI GDP HDI 1990 PROVINCIAL

NATIONAL DISTRICT Coconut (1.02Tonnes) Corn (4.7Tonnes) Field Paddy (5.4Tonnes) 69.21%/30.78% 0.3968 (2019, Baseyear 2010) IDR 8,872,521,510,000 66.92 380,290 2125.47 km peatlands Includes above-ground biomass& 263,648.55 tCO small-scale illegal logging

adaptation CC programs. priority agendas inmitigation CC programs, evaluation andnew responsibilities for (district government institutions andthecommunity representatives), additional functions withimproved institutional arrangements, updated stakeholder involved Further,level. therenewed Regent’s decree in2020supportsWGCC’s expanded create atransparent, accurate, andconsistent process from thedistrictto national represents adifferent IGRKapproach, where relevant stakeholders are engaged to coordination, data collection, capacity-building andfund-raising. Tasking WGCC institutional coordinator isneededto supportcross-sectoral processes, inter-party implementation andappointed WGCC for thetask since aneffective andefficient sectors. In2019,thedistrictwithKLHK,Koaksi, andLTKL began planningIGRK aims to generate more accurate data dueto direct contact withtheGHGproducing JURISDICTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY PROFILE SUSTAINABILITY JURISDICTIONAL 

Trade



Construction Agriculture, Forestry &Fisheries Forest fires Small-scale plantations Shifting cultivation & (2020)

(2018)

(2020) 2

2 Gorontalo province Sustainable (2010-2019) 2000

Gorontalo province RPJMD

Gorontalo districtRPJMD Development ActionPlan

Nationally Determined (RAD-TBP 2018-2022) Contribution (NDC)

(2017-2022) 2010

3.2

3.2 Average annualdeforestation GDP Deforestation 3.2 2018 4 ◆ 3 2 1

2 2 2020

2 Avg. AnnualEmissions:Derived from MoEFdata Gorontalo &BPKHXVGorontalo DistrictGovt, Forest areas: ofEnv. Ministry &Forestry (MoEF), BPSSocio-economic: Data sources: 1.6 Strategic Area) begins Spatial Plan(asNational for Lake Limboto Area Presidential Decree Drafting process of additional mandates WGCC renewed with Regent’s Decree for the 1.6 0 0 agreement international

◆ 0

Part of 3.4 1.3 2030 10.3 LIMBOTO 3.2 KEY INTERVENTIONS DISINCENTIVES ENABLING MEASURES INCENTIVES ORGANIZATION(S) FUNDING IMPLEMENTING INTERVENTION & FOCUS BENEFICIARIES

PROVINCIAL1 Lake Limboto Revitalization Program (LLRP) & DISTRICT2 District Government; NATIONAL PUBLIC4 PUBLIC LC around Lake Limboto DISTRICT Reduce sedimentation; public involvement through community forestry & water hyacinth OTHER3 utilisation, & establishment of Lake Watershed (DAS Limboto) Forum

Natural Resources Protection, Conservation, & Environmental Programs 6 DISTRICT DISTRICT PUBLIC 5 LC around Lake Limboto PUBLIC Maintaining environmental functions through water & air quality monitoring, &socializations on sustainable utilization & community-inclusive Lake Limboto rehabilitation programs

DISTRICT Natural Resources Management Efforts (UPSA) Piloaita Piloaita Forest Farmers NATIONAL PUBLIC9 PUBLIC7 Institution (KTH Piloaita) in ACADEMIC8 Good Agricultural Practices through organic agricultural system trainings, capacity buildings, North Dulamayo Village; IP distribution of seeds, etc. in the University of Gorontalo’s (UNGO) educational forest concession area

PRIVATE National Support for Local Investment Climates (NSLIC) / National Support OTHER10 LC/IPs, Micro, Small, BILATERAL OTHER14 for Enhancing Local and Regional Economic Development (NSELRED) NATIONAL11 & & Medium Enterprises 11 12 NATIONAL PUBLIC DISTRICT PUBLIC Develop local economy by improving investment climate, supporting SMEs development, & (MSMEs) OTHER13 improve local government capacity [Gorontalo district selected as a pilot].

1 Provincial Government. 2 District Government. 3 Limboto Watershed Forum. 4 Ministry of Public Works and Housing. 5 District Environmental & Natural Resources Agency. 6 District Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD). 7 District Agricultural Agency. 8 University of Gorontalo. 9 Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK). 10 CowaterSogema International Inc. 11 Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas). 12 District Development Planning Agency (Bappeda). 13 Project Steering Team (PSC), Project Technical Team (PTC), Provincial Coordination Team (PCC), Local Stakeholders Team (MSF). 14 Global Affairs Canada.

PROGRESS TOWARDS JURISDICTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES & EARLY INTERMEDIATE ADVANCED OPPORTUNITIES

Integrated • District RPJMD has targets & action plan for sustainable development, is integrated with KLHS & RPPLH & aligned with CHALLENGES sustainable national & provincial medium- & long-term plans • Lack of enthusiasm & interest development • Gender Mainstreaming Action Plan (RAD-PUG 2016-2020) is a guideline for all district agencies to plan programs & strategy budgets to tackle gender-related issues in health, education, economy, etc. of younger generations to enter agriculture Spatial plans • District RTRW (spatial plan) integrated with KLHS & provincial RTRW; detailed spatial plan (RDTR) is being aligned with national & district RTRWs based on urban plan provisions (KRK) • Limited human resources & education, esp. in MSMEs • One Map Platform is being developed & socialized management & district R&D • Many targets (e.g., poverty, EoDB, environmental rehabilitation) exist, but not for Green Gross Domestic Product (GGDP) Performance • Difficulties in accessing capital targets & reducing gaps between agricultural labor & minimum wages & connections to private sector/ • District strategic commodities (DSC) development includes targets for production & sustainable certification of industries, but no targets for land management or certified smallholders companies, especially in fulfilling requirements & bureaucracy Monitoring, • KDSD, an integrated monitoring system, & IGRK are in process; progress on clean water supply, education, & health along with inadequate infrastructure data are reported via district statistical agency (BPS) reporting & agricultural knowledge limits • Community Forestry Partners (CFP; LC/IP volunteers) help Forest Rangers (Polhut) monitor forest areas & provincal verification farmer productivity & requires (MRV) FMUs carry out forest MRV & mapping along with district govt & LC/IPs intervention • 1st district to execute monitoring & reporting of budget use through provincial level platform (e-monep+); APBD is monitored & tagged for climate-related expenditures with reports published • Overlapping authority between district agencies results in long Policies & • Regulations (e.g., Sustainable Agricultural Land (LP2B); Agrarian Reform Taskforce (ARTF); Palm Oil Moratorium) & bureaucratic processes incentives initiatives (e.g., no planting on slopes, LLRP, RHL) show sustainability efforts • District aims to improve living conditions & employment in partnership with private sector (e.g., rent a district-owned factory) & facilitates business licensing process for sustainable practices OPPORTUNITIES Multi- • Dialogues on DSC development & KDSD implementation includes govt agencies, LC/IP, academics & NGOs • Provincial & district govt strongly stakeholder • Various multi-stakeholder groups (e.g., WGCC, ARTF) incl. LC/IP & academics, BalitBangda’s (District Research & support sustainable agriculture governance Development Agency) project teams incl. researchers & experts as advisors (e.g., virgin coconut oil SME); priority programs (e.g., UPSA) • DSC (esp. corn & coconut) have distribution, production, & spatial data, which are partly available via RTRW, LP2B & Sustainable with supporting regulations (e.g., agriculture BPS; location permit data are lacking & distribution maps are not public LP2B) are in place • Multiple district farmer organizations exist (e.g., HKTI - raw materials for agriculture, fisheries, forestry; KOPEK - coconut, OSAKA - micro industries of processed coconut) • NBWR could become a national park if KLHK approves, further Indigenous • District musrenbang, a forum to discuss community issues & make decisions for short-term planning & improvements protecting forests/biodiversity peoples & local includes women, LC forums, development partners, & private sector & with potential tourism community • Uduluwo To Ulimo Lo, an IP law institution, advises district govt during conflicts of interest opportunities rights • District encourages IPs & other vulnerable groups via business trainings & collaborative enterprises, & is developing institutional models for social services & protection • Existence of CFP as a partner of district govt in preserving the Sustainable • Most sustainability initiatives are funded through APBD; & district & national govts financially support agriculture & environment & forests development social assistance programs funding • District is applying to Green Climate Fund to develop a strategic area for integrated agriculture & reduce GHG emissions • Potential for development of eco- & agro-tourism but needs CITATION | I. Dunggio, R. Jaya, H. Malik, S. Hidayat, C. H. Tomahayu, L. Gobel, G. Kojongkam, M. Amiruddin, P.R. Pasaribu, R.P. Istanti, S. Peteru. agreement & planning across 2021. “Gorontalo District, Gorontalo, Indonesia” in C. Stickler et al. (Eds.), The State of Jurisdictional Sustainability. San Francisco, CA: EII; Bogor, relevant stakeholders Indonesia: CIFOR. COMPLETE REFERENCES & DATA SOURCES PROVIDED AT www.earthinnovation.org/state-of-jurisdictional-sustainability 2021/06/28

TECHNICAL TEAM SUPPORTED BY Supported by:

Earth Innovation Institute based on a decision of the German Bundestag