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The Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Energy and Industry
The Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Energy and Industry DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON THE INSTALLMENT OF SMALL HYDROPOWER STATIONS FOR THE COMMUNITIES OF KHATLON OBLAST IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN FINAL REPORT September 2012 Japan International Cooperation Agency NEWJEC Inc. E C C CR (1) 12-005 Final Report Contents, List of Figures, Abbreviations Data Collection Survey on the Installment of Small Hydropower Stations for the Communities of Khatlon Oblast in the Republic of Tajikistan FINAL REPORT Table of Contents Summary Chapter 1 Preface 1.1 Objectives and Scope of the Study .................................................................................. 1 - 1 1.2 Arrangement of Small Hydropower Potential Sites ......................................................... 1 - 2 1.3 Flowchart of the Study Implementation ........................................................................... 1 - 7 Chapter 2 Overview of Energy Situation in Tajikistan 2.1 Economic Activities and Electricity ................................................................................ 2 - 1 2.1.1 Social and Economic situation in Tajikistan ....................................................... 2 - 1 2.1.2 Energy and Electricity ......................................................................................... 2 - 2 2.1.3 Current Situation and Planning for Power Development .................................... 2 - 9 2.2 Natural Condition ............................................................................................................ -
Miocene Exhumation of the Pamir Revealed by Detrital Geothermochronology of Tajik Rivers C
TECTONICS, VOL. 31, TC2014, doi:10.1029/2011TC003040, 2012 Miocene exhumation of the Pamir revealed by detrital geothermochronology of Tajik rivers C. E. Lukens,1 B. Carrapa,1,2 B. S. Singer,3 and G. Gehrels2 Received 4 October 2011; revised 6 February 2012; accepted 26 February 2012; published 18 April 2012. [1] The Pamir mountains are the western continuation of the Tibetan-Himalayan system, the largest and highest orogenic system on Earth. Detrital geothermochronology applied to modern river sands from the western Pamir of Tajikistan records the history of sediment source crystallization, cooling, and exhumation. This provides important information on the timing of tectonic processes, relief formation, and erosion during orogenesis. U-Pb geochronology of detrital zircons and 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology of white micas from five rivers draining distinct tectonic terranes in the western Pamir document Paleozoic through Cenozoic crystallization ages and a Miocene (13–21 Ma) cooling signal. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages show Proterozoic through Cenozoic ages and affinity with Asian rocks in Tibet. The detrital 40Ar/39Ar data set documents deep and regional exhumation of the Pamir mountains >30 Myr after Indo-Asia collision, which is best explained with widespread erosion of metamorphic domes. This exhumation signal coincides with deposition of over 6 km of conglomerates in the adjacent foreland, documenting high subsidence, sedimentation, and regional exhumation in the region. Our data are consistent with a high relief landscape and orogen-wide exhumation at 13–21 Ma and correlate with the timing of exhumation of the Pamir gneiss domes. This exhumation is younger in the Pamir than that observed in neighboring Tibet and is consistent with higher magnitude Cenozoic deformation and shortening in this part of the orogenic system. -
CBD First National Report
REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN FIRST NATIONAL REPORT ON BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Dushanbe – 2003 1 REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN FIRST NATIONAL REPORT ON BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Dushanbe – 2003 3 ББК 28+28.0+45.2+41.2+40.0 Н-35 УДК 502:338:502.171(575.3) NBBC GEF First National Report on Biodiversity Conservation was elaborated by National Biodiversity and Biosafety Center (NBBC) under the guidance of CBD National Focal Point Dr. N.Safarov within the project “Tajikistan Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan”, with financial support of Global Environmental Facility (GEF) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Copyright 2003 All rights reserved 4 Author: Dr. Neimatullo Safarov, CBD National Focal Point, Head of National Biodiversity and Biosafety Center With participation of: Dr. of Agricultural Science, Scientific Productive Enterprise «Bogparvar» of Tajik Akhmedov T. Academy of Agricultural Science Ashurov A. Dr. of Biology, Institute of Botany Academy of Science Asrorov I. Dr. of Economy, professor, Institute of Economy Academy of Science Bardashev I. Dr. of Geology, Institute of Geology Academy of Science Boboradjabov B. Dr. of Biology, Tajik State Pedagogical University Dustov S. Dr. of Biology, State Ecological Inspectorate of the Ministry for Nature Protection Dr. of Biology, professor, Institute of Plants Physiology and Genetics Academy Ergashev А. of Science Dr. of Biology, corresponding member of Academy of Science, professor, Institute Gafurov A. of Zoology and Parasitology Academy of Science Gulmakhmadov D. State Land Use Committee of the Republic of Tajikistan Dr. of Biology, Tajik Research Institute of Cattle-Breeding of the Tajik Academy Irgashev T. of Agricultural Science Ismailov M. Dr. of Biology, corresponding member of Academy of Science, professor Khairullaev R. -
Building Climate Resilience in Pyanj River Basin: Irrigation and Flood
Initial Environmental Examination April 2013 TAJ: Building Climate Resilience in the Pyanj River Basin Irrigation and Flood Management Prepared by the Ministry of Land Reclamation and Water Resources (MLRWR) and the State Unitary Enterprise for Housing and Communal Services Kochagi Manzillu Kommunali (KMK, formerly Tajikkomunservices) for the Asian Development Bank. ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank AP - Affected Population/Person/Party CEP - Committee for Environmental Protection under the Government of Tajikistan EA - Executing Agency EC - Erosion Control EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMMP - Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ES - Environmental Specialist ESM - Environmental Supervisor and Monitor Expert GBAO - Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast (Province) GOST Gosudartsvennye Standarty (Russian Technical Standards) GoT - Government of Tajikistan IEE - Initial Environmental Examination LARC - Land Acquisition and Resettlement Committee LARP - Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan MLRWR - Ministry of Land Reclamation and Water Resources NGO - Non Governmental Organization PC - Public Consultation PIU - Project Implementation Unit PMU - Project Management Unit SEE - State Ecological Expertise SOP - Standard Operation Procedure SR - Sensitive Receiver SSEMP - Site Specific Environmental Management Plan TD - Temporary Drainage TOR - Terms of Reference CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Background 1 B. Policy and Statutory Requirements in Tajikistan 1 C. Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policies 2009 5 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 6 A. Project Location. 11 III. DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT IN THE PROJECT AREA 28 A. Physical Environment 28 B. Biological Environment 41 C. Socio-Economic and Physical Cultural Resources 46 IV. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 52 A. Beneficial impacts and maximization measures 53 A. Adverse impacts and mitigation measures 54 B. -
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridors 2, 3, and 5 (Obigarm-Nurobod) Road Project: Report and Recommendation of Th
Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors Project Number: 52042-001 November 2019 Proposed Grant Republic of Tajikistan: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridors 2, 3, and 5 (Obigarm–Nurobod) Road Project Distribution of this document is restricted until it has been approved by the Board of Directors. Following such approval, ADB will disclose the document to the public in accordance with ADB’s Access to Information Policy. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 17 October 2019) Currency unit – somoni (TJS) TJS1.00 = $0.1032 $1.00 = TJS9.6911 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AIIB – Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank CAREC – Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation CSC – construction supervision consultant EBRD – European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EMP – environmental management plan GAP – gender action plan km – kilometer LARP – land acquisition and resettlement plan m – meter MOT – Ministry of Transport OFID – OPEC Fund for International Development PAM – project administration manual PBM – performance-based maintenance PCC – project coordinating committee PIURR – Project Implementation Unit for Roads Rehabilitation PMC – project management consultant PPRA – project procurement risk assessment NOTE In this report, “$” refers to United States dollars. Vice-President Shixin Chen, Operations 1 Director General Werner Liepach, Central and West Asia Department (CWRD) Director Dong-Soo Pyo, Transport and Communications Division, CWRD Team leader Kamel Bouhmad, Transport Specialist, CWRD -
DRAINAGE BASIN of the ARAL SEA and OTHER TRANSBOUNDARY SURFACE WATERS in CENTRAL ASIA Chapter 3
68 DRAINAGE BASIN OF THE ARAL SEA AND OTHER TRANSBOUNDARY SURFACE WATERS IN CENTRAL ASIA Chapter 3 ARAL SEA AND OTHER WATERS IN CENTRAL ASIA 69 71 AMU DARYA RIVER BASIN 75 ZERAVSHAN RIVER BASIN 76 SYR DARYA RIVER BASIN 83 ARAL SEA 84 CHU-TALAS RIVER BASINS 89 ILI RIVER BASIN 91 LAKE BALQASH 91 MURGAB RIVER BASIN 91 TEJEN RIVER BASIN Chapter 3 70 ARAL SEA AND OTHER WATERS IN CENTRAL ASIA This chapter deals with major transboundary rivers in Central Asia which have a desert sink, or discharge either into one of the rivers (or their tributaries) or the Aral Sea or an another enclosed lake. It also includes lakes located within the basin of the Aral Sea. Practically all of the renewable water resources in this area are used predominantly for irrigation, and the national economies are developing under conditions of increasing freshwater shortages. TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS IN THE BASIN OF THE ARAL SEA AND OTHER TRANSBOUNDARY SURFACE WATERS IN CENTRAL ASIA1 Basin/sub-basin(s) Total area (km²) Recipient Riparian countries Lakes in the basin Amu Darya …2 Aral Sea AF, KG, TJ, UZ, TM - Surkhan Darya 13,500 Amu Darya TJ, UZ - Kafirnigan 11,590 Amu Darya TJ, UZ - Pyanj 113,500 Amu Darya AF, TJ -- Bartang … Pyanj AF, TJ -- Pamir … Pyanj AF, TJ - Vakhsh 39,100 Amu Darya KG, TJ Aral Sea Zeravshan …2 Desert sink TJ, UZ Syr Darya …2 Aral Sea KZ, KG, TJ, UZ - Naryn … Syr Darya KG, UZ - Kara Darya 28,630 Syr Darya KG, UZ - Chirchik 14,240 Syr Darya KZ, KG, UZ -Chatkal 7,110 Chirchik KG, UZ Chu 62,500 Desert sink KZ, KG Talas 52,700 Desert sink KZ, KG Assa … Desert sink KZ, KG Ili 413,000 Lake Balqash CN, KZ Lake Balqash Murgab 46,880 Desert sink AF, TM - Abikajsar … Murgab AF, TM Tejen 70,260 Desert sink AF, IR, TM 1 The assessment of water bodies in italics was not included in the present publication. -
Understanding Mountain Soils
2015 In every mountain region, soils constitute the foundation for agriculture, supporting essential ecosystem functions and food security. Mountain soils benefit not only the 900 million people living in the world’s mountainous areas but also billions more living downstream. Soil is a fragile resource that needs time to regenerate. Mountain soils are particularly susceptible to climate change, deforestation, unsustainable farming practices and resource extraction methods that affect their fertility and trigger land degradation, desertification and disasters such as floods and landslides. Mountain peoples often have a deep-rooted connection to the soils they live on; it is a part of their heritage. Over the centuries, they have developed solutions and techniques, indigenous practices, knowledge and sustain- able soil management approaches which have proved to be a key to resilience. This publication, produced by the Mountain Partnership as a contribution to the International Year of Soils 2015, presents the main features of mountain soil systems, their environmental, economic and social values, the threats they are facing and the cultural traditions concerning them. Case studies provided by Mountain Partnership members and partners around the world showcase challenges and opportunities as well as lessons learned in soil management. This publication presents a series of lessons learned and recommendations to inform moun- Understanding Mountain soils tain communities, policy-makers, development experts and academics who support sustainable -
The Tajik Civil War: 1992-1997
THE TAJIK CIVIL WAR: 1992-1997 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY SAYFIDDIN SHAPOATOV IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EURASIAN STUDIES JUNE 2004 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences _____________________________ Prof. Dr. Sencer Ayata Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. _____________________________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Ceylan Tokluoğlu Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. _____________________________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Pınar Akçalı Supervisor Examining Committee Members Assist. Prof. Dr. Pınar Akçalı _____________________________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Sevilay Kahraman _____________________________ Dr. Ayça Ergun _____________________________ ABSTRACT THE TAJIK CIVIL WAR: 1992-1997 Shapoatov, Sayfiddin M.S. Department of Eurasian Studies Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Pınar Akçalı June 2004, 122 pages This study aims to analyzing the role of Islam, regionalism, and external factors (the involvement of the Russian Federation, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Iran) in the Tajik Civil War (1992-97). It analyzes all these three factors one by one. In the thesis, it is argued that all of the three factors played an active and equal role in the emergence of the war and that in the case of the absence of any of these factors, the Tajik Civil War would not erupt. As such, none of the factors is considered to be the only player on its own and none of the factors is considered to be the basic result of other two factors. -
Monthly Discharges for 2400 Rivers and Streams of the Former Soviet Union [FSU]
Annotations for Monthly Discharges for 2400 Rivers and Streams of the former Soviet Union [FSU] v1.1, September, 2001 Byron A. Bodo [email protected] Toronto, Canada Disclaimer Users assume responsibility for errors in the river and stream discharge data, associated metadata [river names, gauge names, drainage areas, & geographic coordinates], and the annotations contained herein. No doubt errors and discrepancies remain in the metadata and discharge records. Anyone data set users who uncover further errors and other discrepancies are invited to report them to NCAR. Acknowledgement Most discharge records in this compilation originated from the State Hydrological Institute [SHI] in St. Petersburg, Russia. Problems with some discharge records and metadata notwithstanding; this compilation could not have been created were it not for the efforts of SHI. The University of New Hampshire’s Global Hydrology Group is credited for making the SHI Arctic Basin data available. Foreword This document was prepared for on-screen viewing, not printing !!! Printed output can be very messy. To ensure wide accessibility, this document was prepared as an MS Word 6 doc file. The www addresses are not active hyperlinks. They have to be copied and pasted into www browsers. Clicking on a page number in the Table of Contents will jump the cursor to the beginning of that section of text [in the MS Word version, not the pdf file]. Distribution Files Files in the distribution package are listed below: Contents File name short abstract abstract.txt ascii description of -
RESEARCH Multisystem Dating of Modern River
RESEARCH Multisystem dating of modern river detritus from Tajikistan and China: Implications for crustal evolution and exhumation of the Pamir Barbara Carrapa1,*, Fariq Shazanee Mustapha1, Michael Cosca2, George Gehrels1, Lindsay M. Schoenbohm3, Edward R. Sobel4, Peter G. DeCelles1, Joellen Russell1, and Paul Goodman1 1DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, TUCSON, ARIZONA 85721, USA 2U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, DENVER FEDERAL CENTER, DENVER, COLORADO 80225, USA 3DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO–MISSISSAUGA, MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO L5L 1C6, CANADA 4INSTITUTE OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF POTSDAM, POTSDAM-GOLM 14476, GERMANY ABSTRACT The Pamir is the western continuation of Tibet and the site of some of the highest mountains on Earth, yet comparatively little is known about its crustal and tectonic evolution and erosional history. Both Tibet and the Pamir are characterized by similar terranes and sutures that can be correlated along strike, although the details of such correlations remain controversial. The erosional history of the Pamir with respect to Tibet is significantly different as well: Most of Tibet has been characterized by internal drainage and low erosion rates since the early Cenozoic; in contrast, the Pamir is externally drained and topographically more rugged, and it has a strongly asymmetric drainage pattern. Here, we report 700 new U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope determinations and >300 40Ar/ 39Ar ages from detrital minerals derived from rivers in China draining the northeastern Pamir and >1000 apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from 12 rivers in Tajikistan and China draining the northeastern, central, and southern Pamir. U-Pb ages from rivers draining the northeastern Pamir are Mesozoic to Proterozoic and show affinity with the Songpan-Ganzi terrane of northern Tibet, whereas rivers draining the central and southern Pamir are mainly Mesozoic and show some affinity with the Qiangtang terrane of central Tibet. -
Managing Disaster Risks and Water Under Climate Change in Central Asia and Caucasus
Managing disaster risks and water under climate change in Central Asia and Caucasus Snow Glacier Rain & snow Permafrost Glacial lake, with potential for outburst ood Mainly rain SDC Climate Change & Environment Network Table of Contents Foreword 3 Key messages 4 Thematic Input Paper 1 | State of the knowledge on water resources and natural hazards under climate change in Central Asia and South Caucasus 7 Thematic Input Paper 2 | Actors, Approaches and Cooperation Related to Water Management and Natural Hazards under Climate Change in Central Asia and Caucasus 20 Thematic Input Paper 3 | Pathways to sustainable solutions for managing water and reducing disaster risks under climate change in Central Asia and Caucasus 30 Annex: Background Information Paper | Sustainable water management and disaster risk reduction under climate change: Concepts, approaches and methods 38 Foreword This publication is the result of a joint learning journey in- region with participants predominantly from the region. volving three thematic networks – Climate Change and En- As a result of the workshop, a final publication is shared as vironment, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Water – and inter- widely as possible including on the websites of the themat- ested SDC offices and partners from Central Asia and the ic networks, SDC field offices and partners involved. Caucasus. The basic idea was to create the opportunity for participants to address common challenges in a collabora- Thanks to the strong involvement of the Swiss Cooperation tive manner while focusing on a specific region or context. Office in Tajikistan, a series of ‘thematic input papers’ and a ‘background paper’ were assigned to author groups from When the Climate Change and Environment Network ini- Central Asia. -
Climate Change in Turkmenistan
Climate Change in Turkmenistan Elena Lioubimtseva, Jahan Kariyeva, and Geoffrey M. Henebry Abstract More than 80% of Turkmenistan is desert; thus, key environmental issues are associated with redistribution and supply of limited water resources. Turkmenistan is projected to become warmer and probably drier during the coming decades. Aridity is expected to increase in all republics of Central Asia, but especially in the western part of Turkmenistan. The temperature increases are predicted to be particularly high in summer and fall but lower in winter. Especially significant decrease in precipitation is predicted in summer and fall, while a modest increase or no change in precipitation is expected in winter months. These seasonal climatic shifts are likely to have profound implications for agriculture, particularly in western Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, where frequent droughts are likely to negatively affect cotton, cereals, and forage production, increase already extremely high water demands for irrigation, exacerbate the already existing water crisis, and accelerate human-induced desertification. The Amudarya is the most water-bearing river in Central Asia; its endorheic drainage basin includes the territories of Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. Fed by seasonal snowmelt of snowpacks and glaciers, the flow of the Amudarya may increase due to intensified melting of the glaciers and snowpacks under a warming climate, which could further contribute to expansion of agricultural land use at the expense of converted natural areas. During the last few decades, Turkmenistan has experi- enced widespread changes in land cover and land use following the socioeconomic E. Lioubimtseva (*) Geography and Planning Department and Environmental Studies Program, Grand Valley State University, B-4-202 MAK, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI 49401-9403, USA e-mail: [email protected] J.