The Economics of London Bus Tendering

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Economics of London Bus Tendering The Economics of London Bus Tendering By David Kennedy Submitted for the degree of PhD The London School of Economics and Political Science January 1996 UMI Number: U482971 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Disscrrlation Publishing UMI U482971 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Tf4£-5 S F rOLITiCAL ’' o S lOSSif^iZ ABSTRACT Following a period of rising costs, competitive tendering was introduced to the London bus industry in 1984. This thesis is an economic analysis of the impact of tendering on London bus services. Chapter 1 states the aims and objectives of the thesis in the context of the economics literature. The chapter is divided into two sections. In section 1 the literature is drawn upon to provide an economic interpretation of the state of the London bus industry prior to the introduction of tendering, and to provide an economic context for the introduction of tendering. In section 2 literature relating to the design of a tendering process is summarised. The focus is on the auction aspect of the tendering process and some important dimensions of contract specification. The impact of tendering on costs is analysed in chapter 2. Three questions are asked: What is the cost structure of the competitive London bus industry? Is there any evidence of strategic bidding behaviour as predicted by the auction theory literature? What level of cost saving can be attributed to tendering? The analysis is based on the full set of bid data from London bus tendering over the period 1985-1993 and is econometric in nature. The results are: there is no statistically significant difference in costs of operation between public and private sector operators under competition; bidding behaviour conforms to some features predicted by theoretical models; the estimated cost saving from tendering is 20%. Chapter 3 evaluates the impact of tendering on the demand for bus travel in London. The relationship between demand and service quality is estimated, gains to tendering are attributed in accordance with the increased service quality due to tendering. A statistically significant relationship between demand and service quality is found. The lowest estimate of revenue gained due to tendering is £9.6 million over the period 1987-1992 in 1992 prices. Chapter 4 estimates the welfare gain due to tendering, defined as the sum of changes in producer and consumer surplus due to tendering. The estimated welfare gain due to tendering is between £90 and £380 million over the period 1987-1992 in 1992 prices. An appendix to this chapter analyses the relationship between welfare and the type of contract upon which tendering is based. 2 It is argued that a cost contract is preferable to a bottom line contract. Chapter 5 is based on an in depth series of interviews with key actors in the London bus industry. The aim here was to find out things that cannot be inferred from the data. Areas discussed include: the extent to which tendering as opposed to other factors led to change in the London bus industry; the source of cost savings; the impact of tendering on Labour; problems associated with tendering. Interviews suggested that: cost savings stemmed from wage reductions and productivity gains; there are some problems with the bidding process; there is a tension between bus planners and some bus company managers. In certain cases the tendering authority offered contract for tender in bundles. Chapter 6 analyses this policy from theoretical and empirical perspectives and asks was it optimal for the tendering authority. It is concluded that the policy should not be used by London Transport. Finally, in chapter 7, an overall assessment of the tendering process is presented. The focus is on results and policy implications for bus tendering in London and competitive tendering in general. PREFACE Some parts of this thesis are published by the Greater London Group at the London School of Economics in "London Bus Tendering" by D. Kennedy, S. Glaister and T. Travers. Parts of that publication appearing in this thesis are solely authored by me. Part of Chapter 2 of this thesis is published in The International Review of Applied Economics, September 1995. Part of Chapter 4 is published in Transport Policy, December 1995. Part of Chapter 5 is published in Transport Reviews, June 1995. These papers were not written in collaboration with any other person. The remaining parts of these chapters, and chapters 3,6, and 7 contain, to the best of my knowledge, original results and were not written in collaboration with any other person. The support of the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) is gratefully acknowledged. The work was part of the ESRC Contracts and Competition Programme and was funded by award number L 114251010. I am very grateful to my supervisor, Stephen Glaister, for his many very helpful comments and suggestions. I would also like to thank Tony Travers, Max Steuer, John Moore, Gustav Nombela, Tommaso Valletti, Phil Goodwin, Michael Banister, Preston McAfee, David Bayliss, and seminar participants at LSE for helpful comments. 4 CONTENTS 1 SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE 10 Introduction 10 Ownership, Competition and Performance. 12 Objectives 13 The principal and agent problem 14 Product market competition 17 Competitive Tendering 19 Tendering versus deregulation in the bus industry 23 The Tendering Process 25 The Auction Mechanism 25 Types of auction 27 Private values 27 Common values 28 Auction revenues 29 Combination auctions 30 Applications to bus tendering 31 Contract Type 32 Contract Specification 33 Vehicle age 34 Contract Length 37 The Tendering Process 38 Conclusion 40 2 THE IMPACT ON COSTS 42 Relative Costs 42 Theoretical Background 42 The independent private values model 43 The common values model 44 Analysis of Bids 46 The model 46 The data 48 Results . 49 Cost Savings 52 Conclusion 54 Appendix: a test of returns to scale 55 3. DEMAND 59 Introduction 59 Analysis based on aggregate data 59 The Model 61 Results 62 The Revenue Impact 63 Analysis of route level data 67 Conclusion 75 4 A WELFARE BALANCE 76 The Impact of Tendering 76 Cost Savings 76 Revenue Gained 78 Gains to consumers 80 The welfare impact of tendering 82 Results 83 Conclusion 84 AppendixiContract type and welfare 86 Monitoring costs and incentives 86 London Transport finances 90 Alternative contracts 94 5 AN ATTITUDE SURVEY 96 Introduction 96 Research 97 The Situation in 1985 97 The Pressure For Change 97 Cost Reduction , 99 The impact of tendering on labour relations 100 The Tendering Process 101 Tendering and specification 101 Resource cost of bidding 102 LBLbids 102 Fairness of awards 103 Monitoring 105 Post Award Innovation 105 Broad Attitudes 106 Bureaucracy 106 Group Planning 106 The Nature of Tendering 107 Other Organisations 108 Local Authorities 108 The Transport and General Workers Union 109 The London Regional Passengers Committee 110 Evidence presented to the Transport Select Committee 111 The Independents 111 LBL Subsidiaries 112 The LT response 112 Summary of views expressed 115 6 BUNDLING OF CONTRACTS 117 Introduction 117 Bundling and Procurement Cost 118 Sale As A Bundle 122 Non Serious Bidding 126 Non Serious bidding Leads to Bumdling 127 Case Study 128 Conclusion 133 7 7 CONCLUSION 135 REFERENCES 143 8 LIST OF TABLES 1. Age distribution of buses and coaches 35 2.1 OLS regression explaining bids for tenders 49 2.2 Restricted OLS regression explaining bids for tenders 51 2.3 OLS regression of pre and post tender costs 53 2.4 Re-specified OLS regression explaining bids for tenders 56 2.5 Least Squares Random Coefficients regression explaining bids for tenders 56 2.6 Re-specified OLS regression of pre and post tender costs 58 3.1 Results from OLS regression explaining changes in ridership 63 3.2 The estimated revenue impact of tendering 66 3.3 Random Coefficients estimation of route demand 69 3.4 Least Squares Dummy Variables estimates for route demand. 71 4.1 Cost savings from tendering in 1992 prices 77 4.2 Revenue gains from tendering in 1992 prices 79 4.3 Consumer benefits from tendering in 1992 prices 82 4.4 The welfare impact of tendering in 1992 prices 85 5 London Buses Limited's bids for routes in the Harrow network 130 1. SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE Introduction In the period before 1984 bus services in London were provided by London Transport (LT). This body was answerable to the Greater London Council (GLC) under legislation passed in 1969. As figure 1.1 shows, between 1963 and 1979 costs per bus mile in the London Bus industry rose in real terms by a factor of 2.3. During the period 1970-1982 they rose by more than 68% and over the same period annual grant paid to London Transport rose from £6.5 million to nearly £85 million in constant prices, a thirteen fold increase. The Government presented these figures in the white paperPublic Transport in London (Department of Transport, 1983) and stated that "new arrangements are needed to secure the cost effective delivery of services from both the public and the private sector". In the White Paper Buses (Department of Transport, 1984) the Conservative Government stated its proposal to deregulate the bus industry outside London.
Recommended publications
  • Raitio 2 / 1996
    ITIO 1996 VARIOTRAM HELSINGIN VALINTA LONTOON BUSSIII IKENNE I 992-94 Teksli Kimmo Nyhnder Kwa Krister Engberg Lontoon bussiliikenteessä on tapahtunut palion muuloksia Raitiossa 2'1993 olleen iutun iälkeen. (Lontoosta myös numeroissa 3.1990 ia 1.1991). Tässä muutamia päätapahtumia vuosina 1992-94. Vuoden 1995 tapahtumis- ta kerromme Påätepysäkki-palstalla myöhemmin' Aluksi kertauksen vuoksi Lon- Uudet käksikenosbussit olivat ensimmäinen nivelbussi Loriloon toon liikennelaitoksen bussipue tyyppiå Leyland Olympian / Alex- liikenteessä. len - London Buses Ltd. (LBL) - arder (LBL:n tyyppimerkintä L), yksiköti London Central, Selkent, Scania N113DRB / Notthem vuosl tgs:l south London, London General, Counlies (S), DAF D8220 / Oprare London United, Centrewe$, Met- Spectra (SP) ia Votuo B10M / Edellis€nä wonna aloiteltuja roline, London Northem, Leåside Nodhetn Counties (VC). Routemasler- ja Greenway -pro- Buses, East London, Westlink F jekt€ia iatkeniin edelleen. Linian London Coaches. Tåhän joukl(oon Uuder yksikenosbussit olivat '1 8 Countdown-kokeilu oli menes- oli kuulunut myös London Forest, tyyppiä DAF S8220, koreina lka- tys ia sen laaiedamistakin suunni mulla se joutui lopettamaan toi- rus Citibus (DK) ia Oprate Delta leltiin. Capital Citybusin Buscorn- mintansa häviltyåän kilpailutuk- (DA) s€kå Dennis Lance Alexan- kokeilusta ei kuulunut uulisia, sen sessa usermmat linjansa vuoden der -kodlh (LA). Lisäksi tuli valta- siiaan Hanowin alueelle suunoi- 1 991 -1opulla. Yksiköts{ä suutin oli va mäårå midibusseja Pååasiassa t€ltiin suuna kortlikokeilua. Se Lordon General 594 bussi[a, pi+ D€nnb Dan -alusialla vanatettu- kesläisi 18 kuul€una ia siinä olisi nin Metroline 344 bussilla. LBL:n na Phnon ia Wdghl Handybus- mukana 200 busgia. Låitetoimitta- lisaksi liikennettå hoiti kilpailutuk- koreilla (DR, DRL ja DW).
    [Show full text]
  • An Auction of London Bus, Tram, Trolleybus & Underground
    £5 when sold in paper format Available free by email upon application to: [email protected] An auction of London Bus, Tram, Trolleybus & Underground Collectables Enamel signs & plates, maps, posters, badges, destination blinds, timetables, tickets & other relics th Saturday 25 February 2017 at 11.00 am (viewing from 9am) to be held at THE CROYDON PARK HOTEL (Windsor Suite) 7 Altyre Road, Croydon CR9 5AA (close to East Croydon rail and tram station) Live bidding online at www.the-saleroom.com (additional fee applies) TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE Transport Auctions of London Ltd is hereinafter referred to as the Auctioneer and includes any person acting upon the Auctioneer's authority. 1. General Conditions of Sale a. All persons on the premises of, or at a venue hired or borrowed by, the Auctioneer are there at their own risk. b. Such persons shall have no claim against the Auctioneer in respect of any accident, injury or damage howsoever caused nor in respect of cancellation or postponement of the sale. c. The Auctioneer reserves the right of admission which will be by registration at the front desk. d. For security reasons, bags are not allowed in the viewing area and must be left at the front desk or cloakroom. e. Persons handling lots do so at their own risk and shall make good all loss or damage howsoever sustained, such estimate of cost to be assessed by the Auctioneer whose decision shall be final. 2. Catalogue a. The Auctioneer acts as agent only and shall not be responsible for any default on the part of a vendor or buyer.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Book News Welcome to Our 2021 Book News
    2021 Book News Welcome to our 2021 Book News. As we come towards the end of a very strange year we hope that you’ve managed to get this far relatively unscathed. It’s been a very challenging time for us all and we’re just relieved that, so far, we’re mostly all in one piece. While we were closed over lockdown, Mark took on the challenge of digitalising some of Venture’s back catalogue producing over 20 downloadable books of some of our most popular titles. Thanks to the kind donations of our customers we managed to raise over £3000 for The Christie which was then matched pound for pound by a very good friend taking the total to almost £7000. There is still time to donate and download these books, just click on the downloads page on our website for the full list. We’re still operating with reduced numbers in the building at any one time. We’ve re-organised our schedules for packers and office staff to enable us to get orders out as fast as we can, but we’re also relying on carriers and suppliers. Many of the publishers whose titles we stock are small societies or one-man operations so please be aware of the longer lead times when placing orders for Christmas presents. The last posting dates for Christmas are listed on page 63 along with all the updates in light of the current Covid situation and also the impending Brexit deadline. In particular, please note the change to our order and payment processing which was introduced on 1st July 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Sowing the Seeds: Reconnecting London's Children with Nature
    Sowing the SeedS Reconnecting London’S chiLdRen with natuRe novembeR 2011 Sowing the SeedS: Reconnecting London’S chiLdRen with natuRe copyRight Greater London Authority November 2011 Published by Greater London Authority City Hall, The Queen’s Walk London SE1 2AA www.london.gov.uk enquiries 020 7983 4100 minicom 020 7983 4458 ISBN 978-1-84781-471-5 Cover photo © WWT / photo by Debs Pinniger 3 Sowing the SeedS Reconnecting London’S chiLdRen with natuRe novembeR 2011 a RepoRt foR the London SuStainabLe deveLopment commission by tim gill Sowing the SeedS: Reconnecting London’S chiLdRen with natuRe contentS foRewOrd by John Plowman 5 executive SummaRy 7 one INTRODUCTION 13 two Why doeS chiLdRen’S engagement with natuRe matteR? 19 thRee London-baSed initiatives 23 four AnaLySiS: issueS, oppoRtunitieS and challenges 31 five RecommendationS: how to Reconnect London’S chiLdRen with natuRe 45 Six ConcLuSion 53 appendices 55 Appendix one: Fieldwork 55 Appendix two: Notes to Table 2 57 Appendix three: Measuring progress 59 Appendix four: Feedback on draft recommendations 63 Endnotes 69 5 foRewoRd by John Plowman Enormous progress has been made in recent This report is not a direct response to the rioting, years to improve the protection and provision of but it is relevant. It suggests that giving children green space in London. We need to ensure that access to nature promotes their mental and these green spaces do not lie idle. In investigating emotional well-being and may have a positive this, we decided to focus on the experiences effect on the behaviour of some children. While of children under 12.
    [Show full text]
  • View Annual Report
    National Express Group PLC Group National Express National Express Group PLC Annual Report and Accounts 2007 Annual Report and Accounts 2007 Making travel simpler... National Express Group PLC 7 Triton Square London NW1 3HG Tel: +44 (0) 8450 130130 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7506 4320 e-mail: [email protected] www.nationalexpressgroup.com 117 National Express Group PLC Annual Report & Accounts 2007 Glossary AGM Annual General Meeting Combined Code The Combined Code on Corporate Governance published by the Financial Reporting Council ...by CPI Consumer Price Index CR Corporate Responsibility The Company National Express Group PLC DfT Department for Transport working DNA The name for our leadership development strategy EBT Employee Benefit Trust EBITDA Normalised operating profit before depreciation and other non-cash items excluding discontinued operations as one EPS Earnings Per Share – The profit for the year attributable to shareholders, divided by the weighted average number of shares in issue, excluding those held by the Employee Benefit Trust and shares held in treasury which are treated as cancelled. EU European Union The Group The Company and its subsidiaries IFRIC International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards KPI Key Performance Indicator LTIP Long Term Incentive Plan NXEA National Express East Anglia NXEC National Express East Coast Normalised diluted earnings Earnings per share and excluding the profit or loss on sale of businesses, exceptional profit or loss on the
    [Show full text]
  • Pitman's Radio Year Book ~ 1927
    U 1 TMAN'S AD I O 'YEAR BOOK 1927 F(11 MAJESTIC VOLUME, LONG LIFE, AND ECONOMY lard i THE MASTER- VALVE WITH THE WONDERFUL P.M. FILAMENT L.. THE STANDARD Type A.R.19 Frise £5 : 5 : 0 Other Amplion Models from 38s. 44aLc444.01x4.1- ikructzt4mwitt &wiz at& Write for latest illustrated lists ANNODNCEMENT OF ALFRED GRAHAM & CO. (M. GRAHAM)I 25 SAVILE RON, LONDON, W.1 (5249) ¶ The World's Greatest Magazine of Wireless wireless Magazine Contains each month a varied Azglection of Published about first -rate articles for Home Constor, the the 25th of each fullest details always being given, together month at helpful diagrams and photographs. Stories and `c articles of gneral interest to the Wireless dnthusiast are contributed by first -class writers. 11 Gives week by week straightforward instructions for making every kind of Wireless Set and latest news of Wireless developments written by experts. Queries answered by post, free ofAharge. Published 3 D . Every See this week's issue. Thursday CASSELL'S, LONDON, E.C.4 Q m..\4\h\y.f\q .O \Y.\v\ -.v : 1¡ \VJ\VJ n j\V . n , \Vli.,nn\V. vav Q St ÿ.. -0, 4 he Jirst Essential t to Perfect Reception, o 3 ROADCASTING brings into your home all that is best in music, P drama, and education. l But to enjoy these to the full, you must use "HART" Batteries on your set for S $ bosh Low and High Tension Supply. " HART " Batteries alone provide that S i steady power to your valves which en- S ables them to reprodu a with maximum 4 power and purity.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Book News Welcome to Our 2020 Book News
    2020 Book News Welcome to our 2020 Book News. It’s hard to believe another year has gone by already and what a challenging year it’s been on many fronts. We finally got the Hallmark book launched at Showbus. The Red & White volume is now out on final proof and we hope to have copies available in time for Santa to drop under your tree this Christmas. Sorry this has taken so long but there have been many hurdles to overcome and it’s been a much bigger project than we had anticipated. Several other long term projects that have been stuck behind Red & White are now close to release and you’ll see details of these on the next couple of pages. Whilst mentioning bigger projects and hurdles to overcome, thank you to everyone who has supported my latest charity fund raiser in aid of the Christie Hospital. The Walk for Life challenge saw me trekking across Greater Manchester to 11 cricket grounds, covering over 160 miles in all weathers, and has so far raised almost £6,000 for the Christie. You can read more about this by clicking on the Christie logo on the website or visiting my Just Giving page www.justgiving.com/fundraising/mark-senior-sue-at-60 Please note our new FREEPOST address is shown below, it’s just: FREEPOST MDS BOOK SALES You don’t need to add anything else, there’s no need for a street name or post code. In fact, if you do add something, it will delay the letter or could even mean we don’t get it.
    [Show full text]
  • 1960 - Tillsonburg Xmas Tree Burning
    LONDON FREE PRESS CHRONO. INDEX DATE PHOTOGRAPHER DESCRIPTION 1/1/60 JANUARY - copy...Wingham: Mr. W.J. Ritchie of Durham turns over books to daughter Mrs. R.C. Robinson Pittendreigh Ice and snow near Fordwich Turner Sarnia: New Year's babies; Garrison mess New Year's celebrations - Stratford: children on ice Wildgust Stratford ice storm repair crews - copy...Wingham: New Year's baby, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Fisher, and nurse Esther Hill Wildgust Stratford New Year's baby to Mrs. Jacob de Boer - copy...Wingham: New Year's baby to Mr. and Mrs. Graham Whitely, R5 Goderich Sallaway Port Stanley fatal crash; New Year's baby - Chatham: first Kent baby (Nicholson); first Chatham baby (Slater); Mrs. John Van Haren Blumson Skaters at Fanshawe Don Mrs. Doris Brown with twins, last and first born of 1959- 60 Blumson Basketball tournament at Thames Hall K. Smith New Year's mess tour 2/1/60 K. Smith Figure skating classes at London West Rink B. Smith Western vs. Livingstons B. Smith Winners of the junior hunt team at Pony Club trials B. Smith Aylmer vs. Toronto in finals for Purple and White championships at UWO Blumson Semi-final game between Catholic Central and East Elgin at Thames Hall B. Smith Albert Green, pulled from Thames River K. Smith Pony Club at Medway Farms Blumson 1959 Pontiac in showroom at London Motor Products 3/1/60 K. Smith Snowman on Tecumseh Ave Blumson Kids sliding down hill at Ski Club Chute Plane crash at Iona 1 LONDON FREE PRESS CHRONO. INDEX DATE PHOTOGRAPHER DESCRIPTION Turner Sarnia Township police sort cigarettes and tobacco recovered after break-in of Bright's Grove store 4/1/60 Jones Sarnia: fatal free year K.
    [Show full text]
  • Wanstead Flats
    WANSTEAD FLATS Individual Site Plan Date 08/01/2020 Version Number V4 Review Date Author Fiona Martin/Geoff Sinclair Land Area 187 ha Compartment Number 38 Designations Epping Forest Land (1878 Act) Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) Registered Park and Garden Archaeological Priority Area Site of Metropolitan Importance Locally Important Geological Site Green Belt Wanstead Flats Wanstead Flats INDIVIDUAL SITE PLAN SUMMARY Wanstead Flats forms the largest of the thirty-eight management compartments that comprise Epping Forest. It is an area of open acid grassland, sports pitches, heath, scrub, woodland, scattered trees and waterbodies, located at the southern end of Epping Forest; owned and managed by the City of London Corporation (COL). Wanstead Flats has a number of statutory designations and is a hugely important resource for the people of northeast London, both for its provision of sporting facilities and also for the opportunity to experience a natural environment within urban surroundings. It is one of the few breeding sites for Skylark (Alauda arvensis) in London and is a notable stop-off for migrating birds. It has a long and well-documented history, from the historical right of commoners to graze cattle and the inception of Epping Forest as a legal entity in 1878, through to World War II and modern times. Significant predicted housing growth is planned in the local area with consequent additional visitor pressure. This Individual Site Plan lists current management considerations but also presents a strategic work programme to ensure a sustainable future for the conservation and heritage interest of Wanstead Flats, along with its immense recreational value.
    [Show full text]
  • Buses That We Don't Have Current Details For
    Check List - buses that we don't have current details for The main lists on our website show the details of the many thousands of open top buses that currently exist throughout the world, and those that are listed as either scrapped or for scrap. However, there are a number of buses in our database that we don’t have current details for, that could still exist or have been scrapped. The buses listed on this page are those that we need to confirm the location and status of. These buses do not appear on any of our other lists, so if you're looking for a particular vehicle, it could be here. Please have a look at this page and if you can update any of it, even if only a small piece of information that helps to determine where a bus is now, then please contact us using the link button on the Front Page. The buses are divided into lists in Chassis manufacturer order. ? REG NO / LICENCE PLATE CHASSIS BODY STATUS/LAST KNOWN OWNER J2374 ? ? Last reported with JMT in 1960s, no further trace AEC Regent REG NO / LICENCE PLATE CHASSIS BODY STATUS/LAST KNOWN OWNER AUO 90 AEC Regent Unidentified Devon General AUO 91 AEC Regent Unidentified Devon General GW 6276 AEC Regent Brighton & Hove Acquired by Southern Vectis (903) from Brighton Hove and District in 1955. Sold, 1960, not traced further. GW 6277 AEC Regent Brighton & Hove Acquired by Southern Vectis (902) from Brighton Hove and District in 1955, never entered service, disposed of in 1957.
    [Show full text]
  • Fokab Secondhand Books
    FoKAB Secondhand Books Smaller books Item Title Author Price S1 London’s City Buses Gray £6.50 S2 Trolleybuses & Trams of the 1950s Thompson £5 S4A Bus operators 1970: SE and E England Booth £7 S5 Body Builders Booth & Brown £6 S6 Early bus services in Ulster Kennedy & McNeill £6 S7 Bus Scene in colour: 10 years of deregulation Morris £7 S8 Buses of the world Moses £4 S9 Crosville: State-owned without tears Crosland-Taylor £9 S9A Crosville: The sowing and the harvest Crosland-Taylor £9 S9B Crosville: State-owned without tears (no dust jacket ) Crosland-Taylor £8 S10 History of the British Trolleybus Owen £8 S11 From SMT to Eastern Scottish Hunter £4 S13 Provincial bus & tram album Joyce £8 S14 Roads & rails of Manchester Joyce £6 S15 Roads & rails of London Klapper £7.50 S16 Classic Trams Waller £6 S17 Looking at Buses Hilditch £5.50 S18 Wilts & Dorset Recollections £5.50 S20 Buses, trolleys, and trams Dunbar £7.50 S21 Midland Red Buses Greenwood £5 S23 British buses since 1945 Creighton £6 S25 Heyday: Classic coach Lane £8 S26 Heyday: Yorkshire Lumb £7 S30x2 History of Tramways – horse to rapid transit Buckley £4.50 S34 Buses & coaches from 1940 Warne £5.50 S35 Birkenhead buses Turner £4 S38 The Papenburg Sisters (ships) Breeze £5 S39 Merchant ships of the Solent, past & present Moody £4 S41 Royal trains of the British Isles Hamilton Ellis £4 S42 Men of the Great Western Grafton £6.50 S44 Covering my tracks Adley £6 S45 In praise of steam Adley £6.50 S46 Call of steam Adley £6.50 S47 Veterans in steam Garratt £6 S48x2 Settle to Carlisle
    [Show full text]
  • Chamaecyparis Nootkatensis
    This file was created by scanning the printed publication Text errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. Compilers P.E. HENNON is a research plant pathologist, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest Research Station and State and Private Forestry, USDA Forest Service, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801; A.S. HARRIS was a research silviculturist (now retired), 4400 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801. Annotated Bibliography of Chamaecyparis nootkatensis RE. Hennon A.S. Harris Compilers U S Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Portland, Oregon General Technical Report PNW-GTR-413 September 1997 Abstract Hennon, P.E ; Harris, A.S., comps. 1997. Annotated bibliography of Chamaecypans nootkatensis Gen Tech Rep PNW-GTR-413 Portland, OR US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 112 p Some 680 citations from literature treating Chamaecypans nootkatensis are listed alphabetically by author in this bibliography Most citations are followed by a short summary A subject index is included Key words Yellow-cedar, Alaska-cedar, Alaska yellow-cedar, bibliography Foreword A considerable amount of material has been published on Chamaecypans nootkatensis (D Don) Spach in the 28 years since the 1969 printing of "Alaska-cedar, a bibliography with abstracts The current bibliography is a revision and expansion of the initial 1969 publication, now out of print The original 301 citations are included here with new ones
    [Show full text]