Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 1995
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Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 1995 National Population Council ®DHS Demographic and Health Surveys Macro International Inc. World Summit for Children Indicators: Egypt 1995 Value BASIC INDICATORS Childhood mortality Infant mortahty rate (direct estimation) ~ 63 per 1,000 Under-five mortality rate 81 per 1,000 Childhood undemutrition Percent stunted 29.8 Percent wasted 4.6 Percent underweight 12.4 Clean water supply Percent of households within 15 minutes of a safe water supply 2 87.0 Sanitary excreta disposal Percent of households with flush toilets 84.3 Basic education Percent of women 15-49 with completed primary education 47.3 Percent of men 15-49 with completed primary education 67.6 Percent of girls 6-12 attending school 78.1 Percent of boys 6-12 attending school 88.1 Percent of women 15-49 who are literate 46.5 Children in especially Percent of chddren who live in single adult households 1.9 difficult situations SUPPORTING INDICATORS Women's Health Birth spacing Percent of non-first births within 24 months of a previous birth 25 9 Safe motherhood Percent of bffths with medical prenatal care 39.1 Percent of births with prenatal care in first trimester 30.1 Percent of births with medical assistance at delivery 46.2 Percent of births tn a medical facility 32.5 Percent of births at high risk 54.5 Family planning Contraceptive prevalence rate (any method, married women) 47.9 Percent of currently married women with an unmet need for family planmng 16.0 Percent of currently married women with an unmet need Ibr family planning to avoid a high-risk birth 13.3 Nutrition Maternal nutritton Percent of mothers with low BMI 1.6 Breastfeedmg Percent of chddren under 4 months who are exclusively breastfed 65.8 Iodine Percent of households with iodized salt 0.2 Child Health Vaccinatmns Percent of children whose mothers received tetanus toxoid vaccination durang pregnancy 69.5 Percent of children 12-23 months with measles vaccination 89.2 Percent of children 12-23 months fully vaccinated 79.1 Diarrhea control Percent of children with diarrhea in preceding 2 weeks who received oral rehydration therapy 42.7 Acute respiratory infection Percent of children with acute respiratory infechon in preceding 2 weeks who were seen by medical personnel 61.7 I See Chapter 9 for details. 2 Piped and well water Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 1995 Fatma E1-Zanaty Enas M. Hussein Gihan A. Shawky Ann A. Way Sunita Kishor National Population Council Cairo, Egypt Macro International Inc. Calverton, Maryland USA September 1996 The 1995 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS-95) is part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys project. Additional information about the EDHS-95 may be obtained from the National Population Council, P.O. Box 1036, Cairo, Egypt (Telephone: 3638207 or 3638093 and Fax 3639818). Additional information about the DHS project may be obtained from Macro International Inc., 11785 Beltsville Drive, Calverton, MD 20705 (Telephone 301-572-0200 and Fax 301-572-0999). Recommended citation: EI-Zanaty, Fatma, Enas M. Hussein, Gihan A. Shawky, Ann A. Way, and Sunita Kishor. 1996. Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 1995. Calverton, Maryland [USA]: National Population Council [Egypt] and Macro International Inc. CONTENTS Page Tables ............................................................................ vii Figures .......................................................................... xiii Foreword ......................................................................... xv Acknowledgments ................................................................. xvii Summary of Findings ............................................................... xix Map of Egypt .................................................................... xxiv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................. 1 1.1 Geography and Socioeconomic Indicators ................................ 1 1.2 Population .......................................................... 2 1.3 Population Policy .................................................... 4 1.4 Health Policies and Programs ........................................... 4 1.5 Objectives of the Survey ............................................... 5 1.6 Organization and Implementation of the Survey ............................ 6 1.7 Coverage of the Survey .............................................. 12 CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND RESPONDENTS ........ 15 2.1 Characteristics of the Household Population .............................. 15 2.2 Education of the Household Population .................................. 18 2.3 Household Environment .............................................. 22 2.4 Background Characteristics of Respondents .............................. 25 2.5 Access to Mass Media ............................................... 28 2.6 Employment ....................................................... 30 CHAPTER 3 FERTILITY ...................................................... 37 3.1 Current Fertility Levels .............................................. 37 3.2 Fertility Differentials ................................................ 39 3.3 Fertility Trends ..................................................... 40 3.4 Children Ever Born and Living ........................................ 43 3.5 Birth Intervals ...................................................... 44 3.6 Age at First Birth ................................................... 46 3.7 Teenage Pregnancy and Motherhood .................................... 47 CHAPTER KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND EVER USE OF FAMILY PLANNING .............................................. 51 4.1 Knowledge of Family Planning Methods and Sources ...................... 51 4.2 Exposure to Family Planning Information ................................ 54 4.3 Attitudinal Indicators ................................................ 59 iii Page 4.4 Ever Use of Family Planning .......................................... 64 4.5 First Use of Family Planning .......................................... 68 CHAPTER 5 CURRENT USE OF FAMILY PLANNING ............................ 75 5.1 Levels and Differentials in Current Use of Family Planning .................. 75 5.2 Trends in Current Use of Family Planning ................................ 79 5.3 Trends in Current Use of Family Planning by Residence .................... 82 5.4 Sources for Modem Family Planning Methods ............................ 83 5.5 Pill Use ........................................................... 88 5.6 Cost of the IUD ..................................................... 89 5.7 Cost of Injectables .................................................. 90 CHAPTER 6 NONUSE OF FAMILY PLANNING AND INTENTION TO USE ......... 91 6.1 Discontinuation Rates ................................................ 91 6.2 Reasons for Discontinuation of Contraceptive Use ......................... 93 6.3 Intention to Use Contraception in the Future .............................. 94 6.4 Reasons for Nonuse ................................................. 95 6.5 Preferred Method ................................................... 96 6.6 Family Planning Discussions .......................................... 97 CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES ....................................... 99 7.1 Desire for More Children ............................................. 99 7.2 Need for Family Planning ............................................ 102 7.3 Women with Unmet Need for Family Planning ........................... 104 7.4 Ideal Number of Children ............................................ 106 7.5 Unplanned and Unwanted Fertility ..................................... 108 CHAPTER 8 PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITY .................... 111 8.1 Marital Status ..................................................... 111 8.2 Marital Exposure .................................................. 112 8.3 Marriage between Relatives .......................................... 113 8.4 Age at First Marriage ............................................... 114 8.5 Ideal Age at Marriage ............................................... 116 8.6 Postpartum Amenorrhea, Abstinence and Insusceptibility ................... 117 8.7 Termination of Exposure to Pregnancy ................................. 120 CHAPTER 9 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY ................................ 121 9.1 Assessment of Data Quality .......................................... 121 iv Page 9.2 Levels and Trends in Early Childhood Mortality .......................... 122 9.3 Differentials in Mortality ............................................ 124 9.4 High-risk Fertility Behavior .......................................... 127 CHAPTER 10 MATERNAL HEALTH CARE ..................................... 131 10.1 Antenatal Care ............. '....................................... 131 10.2 Delivery Care ..................................................... 137 •0.3 Trends in Maternal Health Indicators ................................... 141 10.4 Characteristics of Delivery ........................................... 143 CHAPTER 11 CHILD HEALTH ................................................. 145 11.1 Vaccination of Children ............................................. 145 11.2 Diarrhea ......................................................... 149 11.3 Fever and Acute Respiratory Infection .................................. 153 CHAPTER 12 INFANT FEEDING AND MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION ...... 157 12.1 Breastfeeding and Supplementation ...................................