Report on “Socio Economic Impact Assessment of Land Acquisition for Construction of Govt Industrial Training Institute College in Wadi Town”

Report on “Socio Economic Impact Assessment of land acquisition for Construction of Govt Industrial Training Institute College in Wadi Town”

Village: WADI

To Asst Commissioner Sedam

Submitted by PAN INDIA NETWORK

PAN INDIA NETWORK -KALABURAGI Report on “Socio Economic Impact Assessment of land acquisition for Construction of Govt Industrial Training Institute College in Wadi Town”

INDEX

Sl.No Particular Page No I Introduction 1 II SIA of the proposed project 2 III A Brief Description of the Project 2 IV Methodology 3 V A Brief note about the district 3 VI Land Soil and Natural Resource 4 Endowments VII About Wadi Town 6 VIII Social and Demographic Characteristics of 12 the Land owning Households IX Economic Characteristics 14 X Opinion about surrender of the land for the 17 project XI Individual Profile of the Households 18 XII Some observations on affected families 19 XIII Gains from the project 19 XIV Conclusion 20 Annexure - I 21 Annexure - II 22 Photo 26

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Report on “Socio Economic Impact Assessment of land acquisition for Construction of Govt Industrial Training Institute College in Wadi Town”

I. Introduction

Social impact analysis is a process of assessing or estimating in advance the social consequences that are likely to follow from a specific policy action or project development. A development project may be beneficial to a larger group of the society but may cause harm to the potential households displaced by the project. The externalities are both positive as well as negative. Therefore, it is essential that the interests of the affected groups should be protected adequately to provide social justice. Many of the development projects involve land acquisition and the families dependent on that land are directly affected due to the loss of a major source of livelihood. The Land Acquisition Act 2013 ensures a comprehensive, participatory and meaningful process of land acquisition. To implement it effectively, the Central Government issued the Right to Fair compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Social Impact Assessment and Consent) rules on 8th August 2014.

The three basic guiding principles here are:

 Conducting a comprehensive analysis of the social impact of the land acquisition along with the consent of the land Households.  To put in place adequate safeguards as well as checks and balances to ensure that the social impact assessment is free and fair and that the consent is not acquired by any coercive method.  Clear delineation of the time period within which the acquisition has to be completed.

In a Social Impact Analysis, a base line survey is designed to examine the current status of the families, the nature of economic activities- main and subsidiary carried out by the families, the impact of the project on the livelihood of the families, -agriculture, trade, business, and education of the children, migration, and other issues. The major objective here is to minimise the loss to the affected families and to maximise the gains –private as well as social from the project.

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II.SIA of the proposed project

The proposed project is a Govt Industrial Training Institute in Wadi Tq: Chittapur, Dist: Kalaburagi

III. A Brief Description of the Project

Wadi Town is a municipal Town in Chittapur Taluka of Kalaburagi District. The Railway Junction in the Town connects by major cities – Bengaluru , Chennai, Hyderabad and Mumbai. The town houses major Cement industry- ACC Wadi.

Wadi is considered to be important Education Centre in Chittapur Taluka. It is also an industrial town with a large scale cement factory. Govt Industrial Training Institute is very important to the extent of providing Industrial and Vocational education to the student community of the Town and surrounding villages . The College building is constructed in Gandhi Nagar, Ravoor in the vicinity of Wadi Town. It is functional since 2013in an area of 4 Acre 6 Gunte.

For the construction of Govt Industrial Training Institute in Wadi Town, Govt has acquired the land to the extent of 04 Acres 06 Gunthas. In the orders of the Deputy Commissioner Gulbarga Dated 20-1-2010 4.00 Acres of land was marked out of 116.38 Acres of Government land in the survey no 117 of Gandhi Nagar Village.

However the Building was claimed have to constructed in the survey Nos 56 & 57 of Gandhi Nagar village. A court stay was brought by the owners of heland vide W.P No 80409- 411/2011 Dated 17-02-2011.

Building was constructed by the authorities in the said land. Land owners have raised objection to it. Later in the meeting chaired by Deputy Commissioner dated: 12-08-2016, it was decided to fix the compensation at the Rate of Rs.11,52,000 Per Acre.

However, it was not agreed by all the land owners and land acquisition process under new Land Acquisitions Act was initiated. Hence the social impact Assessment (SIA) is being under taken for the lands under Sy.nos as below.

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Name of the land holder Land size Survey No Acres&Gunthas 56 Kamalabai W/o SharanappaGoni 01 A 09 G 57 Kamalabai W/o SharanappaGoni 01 A 16 G 57/2 Amaresh S/o SidramappaGoni 01 A 15 G 58 Amaresh S/o SidramappaGoni 00A 06 G Total 04 A 06 G

IV. Methodology

Investigation of the probable impacts involves five major sources of information: (a) detailed data from the sponsoring agency on the proposed action; (b) record of previous experience with similar actions as represented in reference literature to include other SIAs; (c) census and vital statistics; documents and secondary sources; (d) field research, including informant interviews, hearings and group meetings. A descriptive cost benefit analysis is used to arrive at the final conclusion, V. A Brief note about the district Kalaburagidistrict is located in the Northern part of the state and lies between North latitude 17010 and 17045 and between east longitude 76010 and 77045' There are seven talukas in the district. These are Afzalpur, Aland, Chincholi, Chittapur, Gulbarga, Jevargi and Sedam.

Map of Kalaburagi District

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VI. Land Soil and Natural Resource Endowments:

The district has total area of 10954.97 Sq. Kms. The region is characterized by black cotton soil, and expanses of flat treeless surface. A range of hills covering a surface of about 60 miles, and some lower belts following the main rivers of Bhima and Krishna form the geographical structure of the district. The district is devoid of forest except in the hilly portion of Aland and Chincholi. The area under forest is 4.2% of the total area.

The administrative structure, Area and Population of the seven talukas is indicated in the table 2.2. The district has 873 inhabited villages and there are 45 uninhabited villages. There are 220 Gram Panchayats in the District. Gulbarga Taluka alone shares 21.6 percent of population with only 10.6 percent the Area of the district. The density of population is therefore highest in Gulbarga taluka. (479) The Sex ratio is favourable in Sedam Taluka (1012) and it is lowest i.e 944 in Aland Taluka. The Sex Ratio is above the National Average of 933 in all the talukas. The literacy rate is well below the state average of 75 percent.

Table -1 Basic information about the talukas in the District

Sl. Taluka Area Gram Villag Populati % Urban Densit Sex ratio No es on Population y (Sq. kms) Panchayats 1 Afzalpur 1305 22 89 220161 12.8 169 949 2 Aland 1735 39 135 342220 12 197 944 3 Chincholi 1552 32 137 254032 8.2 164 991 4 Chittapur 1767 35 122 403135 34.6 229 997 5 Gulbarga 1734 36 136 830512 71.9 478 961 6 Jevargi 1825 33 145 296976 9.4 163 967 7 Sedam 1036 23 109 217856 21.5 211 1012 Total 10955 220 873 2566326 32.6 234 971 Source: Census 2011 The district is basically rural in character as 67.4 percent of total population lives in rural parts of the district. Urban population is concentrated in Gulbarga and Chitapur talukas.

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The District economy

The district economy is dominantly agricultural in its nature and nearly 75 percent of populations living in rural areas are dependent on agriculture.

Therefore, agriculture is the main contributor to the district income and other sectors contribute 45 percent of the total district income.

The analysis or occupational structures of the district indicate that the district is still economically backward with a large proportion of population engaged in agriculture. The percentage of agriculture labourers has increased in recent years. The Occupational Structure presented in

Table 5.17 shows that the district economy is mainly an agricultural economy since it constitute 31.7 percent of district income and provides employment to 67 percent of the population. A large part of the land is under dry land cultivation as the area under irrigation is only 18.8 percent of the net area sown.

Table -2 Gulbarga Human Development Index –Gulbarga & the State

Name Living Rank Health Rank Education Rank HDI Rank Index Index Index Wadi State 0.473 1.0 0.892 0.439 (Highest) (State Average)

The profile of the district shows that the district is the most backward in

Karnataka. The reasons for backwardness are not only economic but also political, historical and social. The agriculture section is still largely

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SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - REPORT dependent on rain and irrigation facilities are highly limited. It is shocking to note that there is no industrialization in this region despite of 60 years of independence. The district is educationally backward which cause economic backwardness. There are some big cement plants in the district,

VII. About Wadi Town

Wadi is a census town in Gulbarga district in the Indian state of Karnataka. The Town

Muncipal Council Wadi was constituted in 2002. It Has a population of 37988 as per 2011 census. The TMC has 23 wards and equal number of councillors. Wadi TMC Stretches to an area of 12.5 Sq.Kms. Wadi has a Biggest Cement industry ACC provides more number of jobs.The Wadi Junction railway station is an important railway junction on the Indian railways. Gulbarga, which is around 37 km via rail route and 40km via roadway from Wadi

The railway line from Secunderabad to Wadi was started in 1874.

Elevation: 411 m

Weather: 31 °C, Wind W at 8 km/h, 62% Humidity

Population: 25,258 (2011)

Basic information about the Wadi Town :

Population 37,988 Area 12.15 Sq.Kms Number of Properties 6025 Number of Wards 23 Length of Roads 52 Km Total Water Supply 2.7 MLD Per Capita Water Supply 76 L.P.C.D. Summer Temperature 41 *C Winter Temperature 35 *C

Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 5187 which is 13.65 % of total population of Wadi (TMC). In Wadi Town Municipal Council, Female Sex Ratio is of 963 against state average of

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973. Moreover Child Sex Ratio in Wadi is around 918 compared to Karnataka state average of 948. Literacy rate of Wadi city is 68.39 % lower than state average of 75.36 %. In Wadi, Male literacy is around 77.41 % while female literacy rate is 59.10 %.

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the town

Sl.No Items Details 1 Total Households 7,270 2 Total Population 37,988 3 Male 19,351

Female 18,637 Sex ratio 963 Child Sex ratio 918 4 Literate persons Literacy rate 68.39 5 Female literates Female literacy rate 59.10 % 6 Total workers 12,473 7 Work participation rate

Wadi TMC in Gulbarga District

Service Delivery gaps in Water supply and Sanitation

(100%) Water 135 LPCD water 100% Sanitation Taluka supply availability Coverage Gap Availability Gap Coverage Gap

Afzalpur 82.61 17.39 70 65 64.16 25.84

Aland 92.11 7.89 0 65 79.50 20.50

Chincholi 83.10 16.90 53 82 67.88 32.12

Chittapur 79.7 20.30 80 55 77.00 23.00

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Shahabad 54.7 45.30 88 47 76.36 23.64

Wadi 73.7 26.30 76 59 58.04 41.96

Kalaburagi 77.14 32.86 100 35 80.63 19.37

Jewargi 73.40 26.60 110 15 69.83 30.17

Sedam 74.60 25.40 100 35 69.17 30.83

Source: ZP Kalaburagi& Dept. Website

Service Delivery gaps in Water supply and Sanitation

120 100 80 60 40 20 0

(100%) Water supply Coverage (100%) Water supply Gap 135 LPCD water availability Availability 135 LPCD water availability Gap 100% Sanitation Coverage 100% Sanitation Gap

Ranking of ULBs in Karnataka- position of District ULBs in the State Based on the bench marks for various urban services that are closely related to human development the ULBs in the state are ranked, by the Urban Development Dept in Karnataka the position of ULBs in the district is indicated in the following table. The estimates are made for the year 2008-09.

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Table: 11.2 Position of District ULBs in the State Roads Water Waste Solid roadside Dept. of Munici Name of Disease Total supply Water Waste drainage Parks & pal Rank the ULB control Marks Mgmt Mgmt Mgmt street Gardens Finance lights

Marks 100 50 150 90 25 25 100 540 -

Kalaburagi 57 12 66 25 0 8 59 227 64

Wadi 32 0 60 46 0 0 46 207 116

Chincholi 48 0 59 49 0 0 42 198 130

Afzalpur 21 0 30 65 0 4 65 185 155

Chittapur 21 0 30 65 0 4 65 185 155

Aland 30 6 55 28 0 0 48 167 185

Sedam 28 0 48 46 0 4 36 162 191

Shahabad 29 0 74 26 0 0 20 149 204 (CMC)

Jewargi 25 0 19 35 0 0 17 96 213 (lowest)

Source: UDD Karnataka 2009

It is quite glaring that all the ULBs in the Kalaburagi district are placed at bottom levels in the State. The rank of Kalaburagi City Corporation is also 64 with a score of 227 (42%). The gap between the norm and the provision of services is 58 percent. The state maximum is 63.88 percent and the gap here is also 22 percent. Though Kalaburagi is one among the 8 city corporations in the state, it is not able to meet even 50 percent of the requirement of services. The rank of Jewargi TP is 213 which is the last in the state with a score of 96 (17%) and the gap is 83 percent. This indicates the magnitude of development to be achieved and the poor quality of services provided in the cities and towns in the district. The ULBs like Shahabad, Sedam and Aland are also at the bottom levels in the state. Shahabad is a CMC and yet is able to meet only 28% of the service requirements. Thus the overall position of ULBs in comparison with the other ULBs in the state is very low. Therefore, neither the rural people

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SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - REPORT nor the people in cities and towns in the district are able to get access to the basic services of day to day life. This explains the low standard of living and low levels of human development in the district. However, it is observed that no ULB has an index above 0 .600. This indicates that all the ULBs areat low level of human development and are not able to meet the basic requirements of the people. Wadi ranks at 116 in the State among 213 ULBs in the State.

Sill Training Requirement

Regional Differences in Skill Training

The NSS for the purpose of sample data collection divide each state into different regions (called as NSS region) on the basis of their agro-climatic characteristics. Under each region a group of districts having similar agro-climatic conditions are put together. In the context of Karnataka, there are 4 NSS regions namely costal and Ghats, inland eastern, inland southern and inland northern. The inland northern region in this study has been divided into two parts: Gulbarga region comprising of 6 study districts and other than Gulbarga region comprising of 9 districts. The number of districts across each region is given in Table 2.13.

Table 2.13: Districts across various NSS Regions of Karnataka

NSSO Regions Districts

Coastal & Ghats Uttara Kannada, Udupi, Dakshina Kannada

Inland Eastern Shimoga, Chikmagalur, Hassan, Kodagu

Inland Southern Tumkur, Kolar, Bangalore, Bangalore (Rural), Mandya, Mysore, Chamarajanagar

Inland Northern Belgaum, Bagalkot, Bijapur, Gadag, Dharwad, Haveri, Bellary, Chitradurga, Davanagere (other than Gulbarga Region)

Inland Northern Gulbarga, Bidar, Raichur, Koppal,Yadgir, Bijapur (Gulbarga Region)

The distribution of youth across skill levels in various NSS region of Karnataka is given in Figure 2.4, which suggests that across 5 regions in Karnataka, the pattern of skill acquisitions varies significantly. It is quite evident from the figure that a very high share of both formal and informal trained youth in Karnataka is concentrated in the seven Inland Southern

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SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - REPORT districts, which accounts for 52 per cent of all formally trained youth and 44 per cent of all informal trained youth. The primary reason attributed to this high share is the fact that these districts are industrially very advanced and have large education and training infrastructure.

Figure 2.4: Percentage distribution of Youth with Skill in the Age-group of 15-29 across regions in Karnataka

The other four regions lag way behind the inland northern region in terms of their share in both formal and informal trained youth. The Gulbarga region accounts for lowest share in total formal trained youth (6.6 %) and second highest share in informal trained youth (21.4 %) in Karnataka. There is an urgent need for promoting skill development in Gulbarga division and the district.

In the Gulbarga region, total youth in the age cohort of 15-29 years is around 2.6 million in the years 2004.05. The youth comprised of 27.3 % of the total population (9.4 million) and 40.6 per cent of the total 15 and above years of population (6.4 million) of the region.Of the total trained youth (formal and informal), about 20 per cent have received/or receiving formal training accounting for 0.34 lakhs and the remaining 80 per cent have received/or receiving informal training accounting for 1.35 lakhs

Hence The project is justified,

About the project & displacement

Now the project of Govt Industrial Training Institute in Wadi Town is a small project. It includes total land of 04.06 acres. This land is covered under survey no. 56, 57 & 58. There are fourland holdings as explained below and there are 2 Households dependent on this land. The demographic characteristics of these households are presented below.

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Table-3 Land holdings under the project Area

VIII. Social and Demographic Characteristics of the Land owning Households

The social and demographic characteristics of the households help to understand their capability and requirements for adjustment towards displacement and new environment.

Table -4 Age group of Households

Sl.No Age Group No. of Percentage members 1 0-14 5 31.25 2 15-30 1 6.25 3 31-45 6 37.50 4 46-60 1 6.25 5 61 & above 3 18.75 Total 16 100.00

The age group of Households is important to understand the adjustment possibilities of the displaced persons. People in younger age groups are more capable to adjust to the new circumstances than those in the older age groups. Here it is observed that 37.50 percent of the Households are below 30 years, whereas 25 percent are below 45 years. Therefore, a high percentage of the Households are in adjustable group. Only a small percentage of them are above 60 years. For these Households alternative adjustments are difficult.

Table -6 Education

Sl.No Education No. of HH Percentage 1 Illiterate 1 6.25 2 Primary 4 25.00

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3 Secondary 4 25.00 4 Above secondary 4 25.00 5 Not Applicable 3 18.75 16 100.00

The level of education is low. 6.25 percent of them are illiterate and 50 percent of them have below Secondary level of education.

Table -7 Family Size

Sl.No Family Size Households Percentage

1 1-5 1 50.00 2 5-10 0 0.00 3 10-15 1 0.00 4 15 and Above 0 50.00 Total 2 100.00

Source: Primary data

50 percent of the Households have a small family. But the remaining 50 percent of the families are larger in size. Dependency on land is high in these families.

Table -8 Number of Children

Sl.No Years No of No. of the Children households 1 0 0 0 2 1-2 1 25.00 3 3-5 2 50.00 4 6-8 0 0 5 9-10 1 25.00 total 4 100.00

There are no familiesfamilies with no children. These are 25%...large size families with more number of dependents. Another 75%... percentfamilies have children between .1-5... Thus all are small families.

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Table -9 Earning Members

Sl.No Earning HH Percent Member 1 1 1 50.00 2 2 - 3 3 - 4 4 and Above 1 50.00 Total 2 100.00

The earning members in a household and their occupation determine the economic status of the household. There are 50 percent of Households with only one earner with a family size of four members . Only one household has 4 earners with a family size of 12 members . Thus the small size of the family with less number of earners indicates low level of income and living standard.

IX. Economic Characteristics

Table -10 Land ownership in Project Area

Sl.No Area Nos Percent 1 Less than 1 Acre 0 - 2 1-2 0 - 3 3-4 0 - 4 5 and Above Acre 2 100.00 Total 2 100.00

Both the families have more than five acres of land. Thus all the families are marginal farmers.

Table 11 Land ownership- irrigated & dry

Land Ownership –Irrigated and Dry land

Sl.No Area Irrigated Un irrigated 1 Less than 1 Acre 2 1-2 3 3-4 4 5 and Above Acre 2

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Both the families have dry land only. The families have to depend on multiple sources for getting livelihood. They work as agricultural labourers to earn livelihood.

Table -12 Land Under different Crops

Sl.No Crops Area 1 Jawar 00.00 acre 2 Red Gram 36.00 acre Both the HHs 3 Other Pulses 0.00 acre 4 Vegetable 2.00 acre 5 Other Crop 0.00acre

36 acres of land is under red gram. Thus the crops produced are only food crops. Rates are highly fluctuating. Therefore, returns from agriculture are not significantly high. Only 2 acres of land is used for vegetables.

Table 13 Income from Crops

Sl.No Crops Per Acre Income 1 Jawar 0 2 Red Gram 5000 3 Vegetable 5000 4 Other Crops Nil

The income per acre is very low as it is dry land. The income from redgram is Rs. 5000.

Table 14 Household Annual income -from All Sources

Sl.No Income Nos 1 Below - 1 lakh 0 - 2 1 lakh – 2 lakhs 2 100.00 3 2lakhs – 3 lakhs 4 3lakhs – 4 lakhs 5 4lakhs – 5 lakhs 6 5 lakhs and above

Source: Primary data

The households undertake agriculture and labour activities to make a better livelihood. The average income is Rs. 2. lakhs per year. With the average household size of 8members the

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SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - REPORT per capita income per month is Rs. 2083.. These are also large families. Overall the economic conditions of the farmers are moderate due to better earnings from agriculture and related activities.

Table 15 Borrowings

Sl.No Loan Nos Percent 1 50000 – 1 lakh 1 2 1 lakh – 2 lakhs 3 2lakhs – 3 lakhs 4 3 lakhs and above 1 Total 2

The incidence of indebtedness is high as 100 percent of them are indebted and 50 percent of them have debt above three lakhs.

Table 16 Household Assets- AgriculturalEquipments

1 Tractor 1 2 Harvesting 0 Machine 3 Driller 0 4 Pumps 0 Any Other 0

The agricultural assets are almost nil with the households. Only one household has a Tractor. Thus the possession of agricultural households is very low.

Table 17 Household Assets- Consumer Durables

Sl.No Asset Name Total Percent 1 TV 2 2 Radio 0 3 Fan 6 4 Fridge/ Mixer 2

The households possess some consumer durables.Both the HHs own TVs, Fans and Mixers.

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Table 18 Household Assets- Vehicles

Sl.No Asset Name Nos percentage 1 Bycle 1 28.57 2 Two Wheeler 2 71.42 3 Four Wheeler 0 0.00 4 Any Other 0 0.00

Source: Primary data

The households also possess transport vehicles. 28.57 percentof them possess two wheelers. None of them have a four wheeler.

Tabe 19 Household Assets- Live stock ]

Sl.No Asset Name HH Percent 1 Bullocks 2 100 2 Cows 3 Buffaloes 4 Sheeps/Goats

Both the households have one livestock each. 100 percent of them have bullocks.

X. Opinion about surrender of the land for the project

The opinion of the farmers about the surrender of the land was collected during the field survey. The farmers were not happy about the acquisition of the land for the project. The response was mixed. Indian farmers attach a high prestige value to the land and farmers in Ravoor Village are also not an exception to it. Some farmers expressed that it is their ancestral property and carried a position for them in the society. Few of them expressed that they have borrowed loans for the development of the land and they will be losing their returns on the investment. Some others expressed that it is a source of livelihood for them. The women at home will have to work in other’s fields. Many of them are expecting a heavy compensation above the market rate which may help them to get a better resettlement.

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XI. Individual Profile of the Households

An individual profile of the households is presented below to provide a better understanding about the affected households in the project area.

1. Kamalabai w/o SharanappaGoni:

Kamalabai w/o SharanappaGoniis a resident of Ravoor Village living in his own house and is aAgriculture labor. She is staying with her Children .She is having 6.00.Acres Land in Ravoor Village bearing Sy.Nos9. Her chidren are having another 15 Acres of dry land elsewhere in Ravoor.

She has three sons. She claims her annual income as Rs.20000 and earning around Rs.10000 from agriculture. She has borrowed Rs. 60000(Sixty Thousand) Loan form SBI RavoorBank.. She expects higher compensation in case of acquisition of her land for purchase of land in some other location.

2. Amaresh s/o SidrammappaGoni:

Amaresh S/o SidramappaGoni was a 32 Year old Agriculture Laborand was resident of Ravoor village having 1Acres 21Gunthas of land in project area and another 6. Acres in Ravoor village. His father possess another 9 Acres and 17 Guntes of Dry land.

They claim having an annual income of Rs.20000(Twenty thousand) from agriculturesources. He is depending upon Agriculture land for the livelihood of his family.

The family has borrowed Rs. 3.5 lakhs from SBI Bank Ravoor sources. Loss of land has a direct bearing on production, employment and family social status. In case of inevitable acquisition, they intend to buy land elsewhere and also a house. Shri Amaresh S/o SidrammappaGoni demands a job inlieu of his acquisition of land and has produced the GOI Gazzete notification dated 27th September 2013 in support of his claims.

Thus all the families are having diverse socio-economic characteristics.

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XII. Some observations on affected families

 The twofamilies are in social transformation process. The adjustment to displacement indicates mixed responses. The families are worried about loss of land and livelihood as well as the maintenance of the livestock.  They have made heavy investments in land. They have also borrowed heavily for the same. Hence they are less willing to part with the land for the project. But if good compensation is received, they want to purchase land elsewhere and seek a new source of livelihood..  All of them have attachment to the land and consider it as a social prestige. It is also their ancestral property. It is also a security for the household for the borrowing during emergency.  In general, they are ready to surrender the land for a high compensation.

XIII. Gains from the project

Wadi is home to two cement plants of ACC, one of 2.6 mtpa (million tonnes per annum) capacity and the other 2.1 mtpa. These are some of the largest cement plants in the country. Wadi is also famous for limestone mines. Wadi is also an important railway junction.

The cement plants of ACC, the railways and the limestone have attracted people from diverse regions and cultures, in search of employment, There is demand for skilled labour in the town

With the emphasis of the Central and State Government on skill development, the ITI will serve as a centre to develop skill capacity of the youths along with the technical courses, these courses can be designed as per the requirements around the town in different industries,

The project of Govt Industrial Training Institute is very important to the extent of providing Industrial and Vocational education to the student community of the Town and surrounding villages.

The project gains are significant in lieu of lack of such a education facilities in the Town and surrounding villages. It has direct contribution to increase the access of youths to technical education and skills. Further it has impact on growth of secondary and tertiary activities.

In addition there are externalities produced out of the project in terms of additional income generated due to increased business activity around.

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In general any education project has a high utility level in terms of both direct and indirect benefits flowing from it,

XIV.

 There are only two households that will suffer from any displacement. The compensation is expected to create better livelihood for them.  Owners of medium holdings and those with a good source of livelihood feel about a big loss as they have made investments in land. They have also borrowed heavily for the same. Hence they are less willing to part with the land for the project. But if good compensation is received, they want to purchase land elsewhere and seek a new source of livelihood..  All of them have attachment to the land and consider it as a social prestige. It is also their ancestral property. It is also a security for the household for the borrowing during emergency. Therefore, they may expect a higher compensation from the land.  In view of public interest, to impart technical education to the youths and to fulfil the technical manpower requirements of ACC Wadi and other MSMEs associated with it, the project ITI has high utility. The returns are spread over a long period of time.  Hence in the displacement, gains significantly exceed the losses. Therefore, the project is justified as it will generate a higher growth potential beneficial to a larger community in the long run.

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Annexure - I

Distribution of land in the Survey Numbers

Sl.No Name Sy No Area (in Acre) Remarks 1 Kamalabai W/o SharanappaGoni 56 01 A 09 G 2 Kamalabai W/o SharanappaGoni 57 01 A 16 G 3 Amaresh S/o SidramappaGoni 57/2 01 A 15 G 4 Amaresh S/o SidramappaGoni 58 00A 06 G

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Annexure - II Survey Format

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Annexure - III “Socio Economic Impact Assessment of land acquisition for Sprawling Garden”

Photo

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