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Achieving Goals of Swachh Bharat Mission Through a Focused Approach on Target Groups

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Achieving Goals of Swachh Bharat Mission Through a Focused Approach on Target Groups 2018 ACHIEVING GOALS OF SWACHH BHARAT MISSION THROUGH A FOCUSED APPROACH ON TARGET GROUPS KALABURAGI DISTRICT, KARNATAKA A report compiled by Nabeel Iqbal Mogral, Zila Swachh Bharat Prerak(ZSBP), Kalaburagi Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 2 Sanitation programs in India ..................................................................................................................... 2 Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) ............................................................................................................. 3 Hyderabad Karnataka Region overview ................................................................................................... 3 Gulbarga region overview ......................................................................................................................... 4 Challenges in Gulbarga ............................................................................................................................. 5 Process of toilet construction .................................................................................................................... 6 Preparation ............................................................................................................................................... 6 SBM organization structure .................................................................................................................. 6 Mobilizing contractors for Pre-fabricated toilets ................................................................................. 7 Reporting Mechanisms ......................................................................................................................... 8 KOOSU ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 Pilot study ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Problems in execution .............................................................................................................................. 9 Breaking Barriers ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Organizing Baby Shower ......................................................................................................................... 10 Koosu- The replication ............................................................................................................................ 11 Result ...................................................................................................................................................... 11 What made build and use toilets? .......................................................................................................... 12 SIRI .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Achieving sanitation through SIRI ........................................................................................................... 13 Launching SIRI ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Message through radio program ............................................................................................................ 14 Felicitating champions: ........................................................................................................................... 15 Incentives under MGNREGA: .................................................................................................................. 15 Competitions, rallies and media ............................................................................................................. 15 Result ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 References .............................................................................................................................................. 20 1 | P a g e Introduction This study gives a detailed overview of various IEC (Information, Education and Communication) activities carried out by Zila Panchayat– Kalaburagi (Gulbarga) in order to achieve the goals of Prime Minister‟s flagship program Swachh Bharat Mission Grameen (SBM-G). It will initially give a background of the sanitation programs in India and then an overview of Hyderabad Karnataka region and Kalaburagi district. There will be a thorough analysis of various parameters of performance to evaluatethe effectiveness of the program. Sanitation programs in India India is a country with a population of 1.2 billion with a population density of 382 per square km. With this large amount of people India comes a large set of problems. One of biggest problems India is facing is poor quality of hygiene and sanitation. Due to lack of infrastructure in sanitation a large majority of the people in the country resort to open defecation. Almost 60% of world‟s Open Defecators are from India. The practice of open defection is moreprevalent in rural areas than urban areas. This leads to serious health complications such as Diarrhea, Cholera, Malaria etc. as well as issues like child mortality, contamination of ground water etc. As per astudy byWorld Bank in 2006, poor sanitation costs the country 6.4 % of GDP. In 1986 the Government of India launched Central Rural Sanitation Program (CRSP). The objective of CSRP wasto provide 80 % subsidy for construction of individual sanitary latrines for BPL (Below Poverty Line) households on demand basis. After the assessing the failure of CRSP, the government launched a new program called Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) with a focus on creating awareness apart from subsidized model of toilet construction. With numerous policy changes, the TSC was revamped as Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan(NBA) in 2007. All these programs failed to make an impact because of its relatively low priority, ineffective resource deployment and poorly designed awareness programs. In the meantime, neighboring countries like Nepal and Bangladesh had made a tremendous progress in sanitation coverage. 2 | P a g e Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) In 2014, the Government of India launched Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) to accelerate the progress of Sanitation coverage and to bring in a new culture with regards to cleanliness and hygiene. The Mission is headed by Secretary, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS) with two sub missions- Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) and Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban). The mission aims to make India Open Defecation Free (ODF) by 2nd October 2019 as a tribute to 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. As compared to previous programs, SBM has overhauled the policies and strategies adopted with active participation of Central govt., State Govt. and the district administration. Refer Annexure 1 for details on implementation framework. The focus here will be on SBM(G) as SBM activities of Zila Panchayat-Kalaburagi comes under the purview of Gramin. Hyderabad Karnataka Region overview Hyderabad Karnataka refers to north-eastern part of Karnataka consisting of districts of Bidar, Yadgir, Raichur, Koppal, Bellary and Gulbarga with regional headquarters at Gulbarga. These districts are considered amongst the most backward regions in India with Human Development Index (HDI) lower than levels of Sub-Saharan Africa. Owing to the backwardness of the region, it was granted “special status” by the Centre which enabled them to access more funds by the Centre. Sanitation coverage of the region is also very poor, way lower than national and state average. The table below shows district wise coverage of the region as on 2ndOctober 2014. 3 | P a g e Hyderabad Karnataka Socio-economic indicators Maternal Infant Per Sl Literacy Mortality Districts Sex ratio Mortality capita No. rate rate rate(IMR) income (MMR) 1 Bellary 978 67.85 55 227 75603 2 Bidar 952 71.01 31 134 39042 3 Kalaburagi 962 65.65 49 182 44881 4 Koppal 983 67.28 58 236 52282 5 Raichur 992 60.46 67 244 42119 6 Yadgir 984 52.36 48 186 36944 Hyderabad karnataka 975 64.1 51 201 48478 Karnataka State 973 75.6 35 144 76076 Gulbarga region overview Gullbarga district is in northern part of Karnataka with borders to Telagana and Maharastra state. It consists of 264 GPs(Gram Panchayats) and 824 villages. Gulbarga is one of the 250 most backward districts in India according to Ministry of Panchayati Raj(GoI?). It is one among the five districts of Karnataka that receives funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). Like any other backward district in India, Gulbarga has issues like low literacy, infant mortality, unemployment, drought and poor sanitation. Open defecation is a common site in most villages of Gulbarga. Only one in four households had access to toilets as of March 31st, 2015. Considering the low literacy levels and unawareness of hazards of Open Defecation, convincingpeople to build toilets isa huge challenge. 4 | P a g e Challenges in Gulbarga Considering the low literacy levels and unawareness of hazards of Open Defecation, making people build toilets poses as a huge challenge.
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