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Hewitson, 1854) Und Bebearia Orientis (Karsch, 1895) (Nymphalidae

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Hewitson, 1854) Und Bebearia Orientis (Karsch, 1895) (Nymphalidae Freilandaufnahmen der Tagfalter Pseudohaetera hypaesia und Bebearia orientis 171 Entomologie heute 28 (2016): 171-176 Freilandaufnahmen der selten fotografierten Tagfalter Pseudohaetera hypaesia (Hewitson, 1854) und Bebearia orientis (Karsch, 1895) (Nymphalidae) Outdoor Photos of the Rarely Photographed Butterflies Pseudohaetera hypaesia (Hewitson, 1854) and Bebearia orientis (Karsch, 1895) (Nymphalidae) WERNER KUNZ Zusammenfassung: Der Bericht zeigt Freilandfotos der selten fotografi erten tropischen bis subtro- pischen Tagfalter Pseudohaetera hypaesia (Hewitson, 1854) (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) und Bebearia orientis (Karsch, 1895) (Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae), die im Januar 2013 in Bolivien und im April 2015 in Malawi in ihren typischen Habitaten aufgefunden und dort fotografi ert wurden. In der Literatur und im Internet sind Fotos beider Arten nur in begrenzter Zahl vorhanden und diese Bilder zeigen meist präparierte Exemplare in Sammlungen oder Falter aus Zuchten. Fotos aus dem Freiland sind selten und haben zudem noch meist eine schlechte Qualität. Schlüsselwörter: Pseudohaetera hypaesia, Bebearia orientis, Bolivien, Malawi, Freilandfotos Summary: This report presents outdoor photos of the two rarely photographed tropical or sub- tropical butterfl ies Pseudohaetera hypaesia (Hewitson, 1854) (Hypaesia Satyr: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) and Bebearia orientis (Karsch, 1895) (Eastern Palm Forester: Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae), which have been photographed in their typical habitats in January 2013 in Bolivia and in April 2015 in Malawi, respectively. Photos of both species are available in the literature and in the internet only in limited numbers showing mostly prepared specimens from collections or from specimens kept for breeding. Photos taken in the wild are rare, and most of them are of poor quality. Keywords: Pseudohaetera hypaesia, Bebearia orientis, Bolivia, Malawi, outdoor photos Obwohl es heutzutage wegen erleichterter des westlichen Boliviens und in den übrig Reisemöglichkeiten, weit fortgeschrittener gebliebenen Regenwaldbeständen inmitten Technik der digitalen Fotografi e und den großer Teeanbauplantagen im Süden des Möglichkeiten der Verbreitung der Fotos afrikanischen Staates Malawi ist es mir im Internet eine fast unüberschaubare 2013 und 2015 gelungen, jeweils einen Fülle von Tieraufnahmen gibt, bietet sich bisher kaum abgebildeten Tagfalter zu in selten besuchten Regionen der Erde fotografi eren. Die vorliegende Mitteilung immer noch die Gelegenheit, Arten zu zeigt Fotos des tropischen Tagfalters fotografi eren, von denen bisher nur we- Pseudohaetera hypaesia (Hewitson, 1854) nige fotografi sche Dokumentationen zur (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) und des tropi- Verfügung stehen. Auch bei den Tagfaltern schen bis subtropischen Falters Bebearia gibt es noch Arten, die in der Literatur und orientis (Karsch, 1895) (Nymphalidae: Li- im Internet fast nur als Präparate oder bes- menitidinae) in einer Farbwiedergabe und tenfalls als Fotos gezüchteter Exemplare Schärfe, in der die Art bisher nur selten abgebildet sind. In den Bergregenwäldern dargestellt wurde. Entomologie heute 28 (2016) 172 WERNER KUNZ Pseudohaetera hypaesia (Hewitson, Ithomia oder Oleria. Es handelte sich jedoch 1854) um einen Satyrinen. Die Angehörigen dieser Unterfamilie treten in Lateinamerika eben- Bolivien ist kein Reiseland. Die meisten Stra- falls in mehreren Gattungen auf, zu denen ßen sind in schlechtem Zustand und oft durch Arten mit durchsichtigen Flügeln gehören starke Regenfälle und Erdrutsche versperrt. („Clearwing Satyrs“) (http://www.butter- Viele Bergregionen können ausschließlich auf fl iesofamerica.com/L/t/Haeterini_a.htm). schmalen Wegen an steilen Hängen erreicht Die von mir fotografi erte Art erwies sich bei werden, die für Autos oft nur unter riskanten der Auswertung der Fotos als Pseudohaetera Bedingungen befahrbar sind. Fast alle diese hypaesia (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Diese re- Wege folgen den alten Inkapfaden, die vor lativ seltene Art lebt in Kolumbien, Ecuador, mehr als einem halben Jahrtausend errichtet Peru und Bolivien. Eine Verbreitungskarte wurden. Wegen des erschwerten Zugangs und Literaturhinweise fi nden sich im Internet und wegen der Steilheit der Hänge gibt es an unter nic.funet.fi , dem sog. FUNET Service bestimmten Stellen im Westen von Bolivien der CSC, dem Zentrum für Wissenschaften noch nahezu unberührte Regenwälder, deren des Finnischen Kulturministeriums: http:// Fauna noch nicht durch anthropogene Bio- www.nic.funet.fi /pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/ topeinfl üsse verändert wurde. lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nym- In einem solchen Waldgebiet in steiler phalidae/satyrinae/pseudohaetera/index. Hanglage in 1500 m Höhe ca. 50 km süd- html. Auf der Seite „Neotropical Butterfl ies“ östlich der größeren Stadt Caranavi fand ich (http://neotropicalbutterfl ies.com/Site%20 am 15.1.2013 ein Exemplar des Satyrinen Revision/Pages/Nymphalidae_Pages/Sa- Pseudohaetera hypaesia. Der Falter fl og im tyrinae/Tribe_Haeterini/Haeterini_Pages/ Schatten dicht über dem Boden und setzte Pseudohaetera_hypaesia.html) ist auch ein sich wiederholt auf die Blätter eines mir Fundort in Mexiko verzeichnet. Die Art unbekannten Strauches. Hier gelangen mir wurde erstmalig 1854 beschrieben (HEWITSON Fotos, die den Falter von der Dorsal- und 1854). Die Falter, die in den fünf lateinameri- Ventralseite zeigen (Abb. 1 a-c). Der Falter kanischen Ländern fl iegen, sehen einander so war sehr bald wieder am Boden im Laub ähnlich, dass keine Unterarten unterschieden verschwunden. Als ich dieselbe Stelle im werden. Dezember 2014 noch einmal aufsuchte, Über diese Art gibt es nach meinen Re- musste ich feststellen, dass das betreffende cherchen nur wenige Publikationen (u. a. Waldgebiet nach Ausbau des Zufahrtswe- ROSENBERG & TALBOT 1914; BROWN 1943) ges zu einem Teil abgeholzt war, so dass und wenige Abbildungen. Die online- ich den Falter nicht mehr wieder auffi nden Enzyklopädie „Butterflies of America“ konnte. (http://www.butterfl iesofamerica.com/L/ Wegen der durchsichtigen Flügel hielt ich pseudohaetera_hypaesia_types.htm) bietet den Falter zunächst für einen „Clearwing- insgesamt nur vier Fotos aus Sammlungen Ithomiinen“ der Gattungen Napeogenes, an. Die online-Checklist „Bolivian Butter- Abb. 1: Pseudohaetera hypaesia (Hewitson, 1854) (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) am 15.1.2013 nahe am Boden im Schatten eines primären Bergregenwaldes südöstlich der Stadt Caranavi in den Anden im Westen Boliviens. a Dorsalseite; b, c Ventralseite. Aufnahmen mit Nikon D600 mit Objektiv Micro-Nikkor IF-ED 105. Fig. 1: Pseudohaetera hypaesia (Hewitson, 1854) (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) on January 15, 2013 close to the ground in the shadow of a primary mountain rain forest in the South East of the town Caranavi in the Cordillera of Bolivia. a Dorsal side; b, c ventral side. Photos taken with Nikon D600 with objective Micro-Nikkor IF-ED 105. Freilandaufnahmen der Tagfalter Pseudohaetera hypaesia und Bebearia orientis 173 Entomologie heute 28 (2016) 174 WERNER KUNZ fl ies“ von Lars Andersen enthielt (bevor und auf die feuchte Erde des Weges. Das ein Foto von mir übernommen wurde) mir zuerst begegnende Weibchen hatte eine noch kein Foto von Pseudohaetera hypaesia große Ähnlichkeit mit dem Danaiden Danaus (http://www.danske-natur.dk/indexbolch. chrysippus, so dass ich diesen Falter zunächst html). Die Web-Portale „Neotropical But- für ein Weibchen des Nymphaliden Hypolim- terfl ies“ (http://www.neotropicalbutterfl ies. nas misippus hielt, das für seine Bates‘sche com/Site%20Revision/Pages/Nympha- Mimikry zum ungenießbaren Danaiden lidae_Pages/Satyrinae/Tribe_Haeterini/ Danaus chrysippus bekannt ist (SMITH 1973). Haeterini_Pages/Pseudohaetera_hypaesia. Als dann jedoch weitere Falter auftraten, die html) und Flickr (https://www.fl ickr.com/ eine leuchtend braunrote Oberseite hatten search/?text=Pseudohaetera%20hypaesia) (Abb. 2 a-b), in ihrer Ventralseite aber nicht enthalten jeweils nur wenige Foto lebender den vermeintlichen H. misippus-Weibchen Falter. Der in den Abbildungen 1 a-c dar- glichen (Abb. 2 e-f), wurde deutlich, dass es gestellte Falter ist in seiner Farbwiedergabe sich nicht um H. misippus handeln konnte. und Schärfe neuartig und ergänzt daher das Die nachträgliche Bestimmung durch DIE- bisher vorliegende Bildmaterial. TER SCHNEIDER (Fachbeirat Naturgucker.de) ergab, dass es sich um die Art Bebearia orientis Bebearia orientis (Karsch, 1895) handelte, eine weitere Nymphaliden-Art, deren Weibchen den Danaiden Danaus chry- Der Süden des afrikanischen Staates Malawi sippus imitieren (Abb. 2 c-d). Bebearia orientis ist dicht bevölkert und besitzt außerhalb sei- kommt in fünf verschiedenen Unterarten ner sechs Reservate fast keine Flächen mehr, in Somalia, Kenia, Tansania, Mosambique, die nicht bebaut sind oder landwirtschaftlich Malawi, Sambia und Zimbabwe vor (http:// genutzt werden. Südöstlich der Stadt Blan- www.nic.funet.fi /pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/ tyre im Bereich der südlichen Ausläufer des lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nym- Shire-Hochlandes liegt in ca. 900 Metern phalidae/limenitidinae/bebearia/index. Höhe am Osthang des Thyolo-Berges ein html). In Süd-Malawi fl iegt die Unterart ausgedehntes Teeanbaugebiet. Inmitten der B. orientis malawiensis Holmes, 2001. Teeplantagen befi nden sich Reste erhalten Bebearia orientis wurde erst 1895 von der sehr gebliebener subtropischer Regenwälder, ähnlichen westafrikanischen Art B. senegalensis deren Ausdehnung oft nur einige hundert (Herrich-Schäfer, 1850) abgetrennt und vom Hektar umfasst. Erstbeschreiber F. KARSCH noch unter dem In einem solchen
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